The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink AboutAppendix K - Noise Impact Assessment Reference Number ‐ Agency City of Fontana Date December , ALMOND AVENUE TRAILER YARD N OISE AND V IBRATION A NALYSIS Prepared By: Bill Lawson, INCE, blawson@urbanxroads.com Bill Maddux, INCE | bmaddux@urbanxroads.com Noah Johnson | njohnson@urbanxroads.com ‐ NA ii Almond Avenue Trailer Yard ‐ NA iii Almond Avenue Trailer Yard TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ . Site Location .......................................................................................................................................... . Project Description ................................................................................................................................. FUNDAMENTALS ........................................................................................................................ . Range of Noise ..................................................................................................................................... . Noise Descriptors ................................................................................................................................. . Sound Propagation ............................................................................................................................... . Noise Control ........................................................................................................................................ . Noise Barrier Attenuation ..................................................................................................................... . Land Use Compatibility With Noise ....................................................................................................... . Community Response to Noise ............................................................................................................. . Vibration .............................................................................................................................................. REGULATORY SETTING ................................................................................................................ . State of California Noise Requirements ................................................................................................ . City of Fontana General Plan Noise Element ......................................................................................... . Operational Noise Standards ................................................................................................................ . Construction Noise Standards .............................................................................................................. . Construction Vibration Standards ......................................................................................................... SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA ............................................................................................................... . Noise Level Increases (Threshold A) ...................................................................................................... . Vibration (Threshold B) ......................................................................................................................... . CEQA Guidelines Not Further Analyzed (Threshold C) .......................................................................... . Significance Criteria Summary .............................................................................................................. EXISTING NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS ......................................................................................... . Measurement Procedure and Criteria ................................................................................................... . Noise Measurement Locations ............................................................................................................. . Noise Measurement Results ................................................................................................................. OFF‐SITE TRAFFIC NOISE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ RECEIVER LOCATIONS .................................................................................................................. OPERATIONAL NOISE ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... . Operational Noise Sources ................................................................................................................... . Reference Noise Levels ......................................................................................................................... . CadnaA Noise Prediction Model ........................................................................................................... . Project Operational Noise Levels .......................................................................................................... . Project Operational Noise Level Compliance ........................................................................................ . Project Operational Noise Level Increases ............................................................................................ CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS ............................................................................................................. . Construction Noise Levels .................................................................................................................... . Construction Reference Noise Levels .................................................................................................... . Construction Noise Analysis.................................................................................................................. . Project Site Construction Noise Compliance ......................................................................................... . Temporary Construction Noise Increases .............................................................................................. . Construction Vibration Analysis ............................................................................................................ ‐ NA iv Almond Avenue Trailer Yard REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. CERTIFICATION .......................................................................................................................... APPENDICES APPENDIX .: CITY OF FONTANA MUNICIPAL CODE APPENDIX .: STUDY AREA PHOTOS APPENDIX .: NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT WORKSHEETS APPENDIX .: CADNAA OPERATIONAL NOISE CALCULATIONS APPENDIX .: CONSTRUCTION NOISE CALCULATIONS LIST OF EXHIBITS EXHIBIT ‐: PROJECT LOCATION ........................................................................................................ EXHIBIT ‐: SITE PLAN .................................................................................................................... EXHIBIT ‐: TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS .................................................................................................... EXHIBIT ‐: NOISE LEVEL INCREASE PERCEPTION .................................................................................. EXHIBIT ‐: TYPICAL LEVELS OF GROUND‐BORNE VIBRATION .................................................................. EXHIBIT ‐: LAND USE NOISE COMPATIBILITY CRITERIA .......................................................................... EXHIBIT ‐: NOISE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS ..................................................................................... EXHIBIT ‐: RECEIVER LOCATIONS ...................................................................................................... EXHIBIT ‐: OPERATIONAL NOISE SOURCE LOCATIONS ........................................................................... EXHIBIT ‐: CONSTRUCTION NOISE SOURCE LOCATIONS ......................................................................... LIST OF TABLES TABLE ES‐: SUMMARY OF CEQA SIGNIFICANCE FINDINGS ......................................................................... TABLE ‐: SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA SUMMARY ....................................................................................... TABLE ‐: AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................... TABLE ‐: REFERENCE NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................. TABLE ‐: DAYTIME PROJECT OPERATIONAL NOISE LEVELS ..................................................................... TABLE ‐: NIGHTTIME PROJECT OPERATIONAL NOISE LEVELS .................................................................. TABLE ‐: OPERATIONAL NOISE LEVEL COMPLIANCE ............................................................................. TABLE ‐: DAYTIME PROJECT OPERATIONAL NOISE INCREASES ................................................................ TABLE ‐: NIGHTTIME OPERATIONAL NOISE INCREASES ......................................................................... TABLE ‐: CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE NOISE LEVELS ............................................................................ TABLE ‐: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT NOISE SUMMARY ....................................................................... TABLE ‐: CONSTRUCTION NOISE COMPLIANCE .................................................................................... TABLE ‐: DAYTIME CONSTRUCTION NOISE INCREASES .......................................................................... TABLE ‐: VIBRATION SOURCE LEVELS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT .................................................... TABLE ‐: PROJECT CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION LEVELS ......................................................................... ‐ NA v Almond Avenue Trailer Yard LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS () Reference ADT Average Daily Traffic ANSI American National Standards Institute Calveno California Vehicle Noise CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level dBA A‐weighted decibels EIR Environmental Impact Report EPA Environmental Protection Agency FHWA Federal Highway Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration INCE Institute of Noise Control Engineering Leq Equivalent continuous (average) sound level Lmax Maximum level measured over the time interval mph Miles per hour OPR Governor’s Office of Planning and Research PPV Peak Particle Velocity Project Almond Avenue Trailer Yard REMEL Reference Energy Mean Emission Level RMS Root‐mean‐square SWIP Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan TA Traffic Analysis VdB Vibration Decibels ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Urban Crossroads, Inc. has prepared this Noise and Vibration Analysis to determine the noise exposure and the necessary noise mitigation measures for the proposed Almond Avenue Trailer Yard (Project) in the City of Fontana. The Project consists of the development of a .‐acre trailer yard with a ,‐square‐foot prefabricated office building and ‐foot‐by‐‐foot trailer stalls. This Noise and Vibration Analysis has been prepared to satisfy applicable City of Fontana noise standards and significance criteria based on Appendix G of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines. () The results of this Noise and Vibration Analysis are summarized below based on the significance criteria in Section of this report, consistent with Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. () Table ES‐ shows the findings of significance for each potential noise and/or vibration impacts under CEQA before and after any required mitigation measures. TABLE ES-1: SUMMARY OF CEQA SIGNIFICANCE FINDINGS Analysis Report Section Significance Findings Unmitigated Mitigated Off-Site Traffic Noise 7 Less Than Significant - Operational Noise 9 Less Than Significant - Project Construction Noise 10 Less Than Significant - Construction Vibration 10 Less Than Significant - ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 1 INTRODUCTION This Noise and Vibration Analysis has been completed to determine the noise impacts associated with the development of the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard, (Project). This Noise and Vibration Analysis briefly describes the Project, provides information regarding noise fundamentals, sets out the local regulatory setting, presents the study methods and procedures for noise analysis, evaluates the future exterior noise environment, potential off‐site traffic impacts, the Project‐related long‐ term stationary‐source operational noise, and Project‐related short‐term construction noise and vibration impacts. 1.1 SITE LOCATION The Project is located at Almond Avenue (west of Almond Avenue and approximately , feet south of San Bernardino Avenue) within the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan (SWIP) in the City of Fontana, as shown on Exhibit ‐A. The Ontario International Airport is located over miles southwest of the Project site. 1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION It is our understanding that the Project is to consist of a .‐acre trailer yard with a , square foot pre‐fabricated oﬃce building and ‐foot by ‐foot trailer stalls. It is anticipated that the project will be processed as a California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Addendum to the SWIP Environmental Impact Report (EIR), as such, a comparative assessment of what is allowed under the SWIP EIR for the subject site will be included, as applicable. Exhibit shows the location map and Exhibit shows the preliminary site plan. The Project proposes a single access point on Almond Avenue. The Project’s anticipated Opening Year is . ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard EXHIBIT 1-1: PROJECT LOCATION ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard EXHIBIT 1-2: SITE PLAN ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 2 FUNDAMENTALS Noise is simply defined as "unwanted sound." Sound becomes unwanted when it interferes with normal activities, when it causes actual physical harm, or when it has adverse effects on health. Noise is measured on a logarithmic scale of sound pressure level known as a decibel (dB). A‐ weighted decibels (dBA) approximate the subjective response of the human ear to a broad frequency noise source by discriminating against very low and very high frequencies of the audible spectrum. They are adjusted to reflect only those frequencies which are audible to the human ear. Exhibit ‐ presents a summary of the typical noise levels and their subjective loudness and effects that are described in more detail below. EXHIBIT 2-1: TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS Source: Environmental Protection Agency Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Information on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Noise (EPA/ONAC /‐‐) March . 2.1 RANGE OF NOISE Since the range of intensities that the human ear can detect is so large, the scale frequently used to measure intensity is a scale based on multiples of , the logarithmic scale. The scale for measuring intensity is the decibel scale. Each interval of decibels indicates a sound energy ten times greater than before, which is perceived by the human ear as being roughly twice as loud. () The most common sounds vary between dBA (very quiet) and dBA (very loud). Normal conversation at three feet is roughly at dBA, while loud jet engine noises equate to dBA at approximately , feet, which can cause serious discomfort. () Another important aspect of noise is the duration of the sound and the way it is described and distributed in time. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 2.2 NOISE DESCRIPTORS Environmental noise descriptors are typically based on average noise levels over time, rather than on instantaneous measurements. The most commonly used metric is the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq). Rather than being measured directly, Leq is calculated from A‐weighted sound pressure levels (dBA) recorded over a specified period. The Leq represents the constant sound level that, over a given time, would contain the same acoustic energy as the actual fluctuating sound levels. As such, it is widely used to describe average environmental noise exposure. Importantly, while sound pressure levels (e.g., Leq) express the intensity of sound at a specific location and are affected by distance and environmental conditions, sound power levels (Lw) are intrinsic properties of the sound source itself. Unlike sound pressure, sound power is independent of distance and unaffected by obstacles, air absorption, or weather conditions. In contrast, sound pressure levels decrease with distance due to factors such as geometric spreading, absorption by air and surfaces, intervening barriers or obstacles, and meteorological conditions (e.g., wind, humidity). Peak hour or average noise levels, while useful, do not completely describe a given noise environment. Noise levels lower than peak hour may be disturbing if they occur during times when quiet is most desirable, namely, evening and nighttime (sleeping) hours. To account for this, the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL), representing a composite ‐hour noise level, is utilized. CNEL is the weighted average of the intensity of a sound, with corrections for time of day, and averaged over hours. The time‐of‐day corrections require the addition of decibels to dBA Leq sound levels in the evening from : p.m. to : p.m., and the addition of decibels to dBA Leq sound levels at night between : p.m. and : a.m. These additions are made to account for the noise‐sensitive time periods during the evening and night hours when noise can become more intrusive. CNEL does not represent the actual sound level heard at any time but rather represents the total sound exposure. The City of Fontana relies on the ‐hour CNEL level to assess land use compatibility with transportation‐related noise sources. 2.3 SOUND PROPAGATION When sound propagates over a distance, it changes in level and frequency content. The way noise reduces with distance depends on the following factors. 2.3.1 Geometric Spreading Sound from a localized source (i.e., a stationary point source) propagates uniformly outward in a spherical pattern. The sound level attenuates (or decreases) at a rate of dB for each doubling of distance from a point source. Highways consist of several localized noise sources on a defined path and hence can be treated as a line source, which approximates the effect of several point sources. Noise from a line source propagates outward in a cylindrical pattern, often referred to as cylindrical spreading. Sound levels attenuate at a rate of dB for each doubling of distance from a line source. () 2.3.2 Ground Absorption The propagation path of noise from a highway to a receiver is usually very close to the ground. Noise attenuation from ground absorption and reflective wave canceling adds to the attenuation associated with geometric spreading. Traditionally, excess attenuation has also been expressed in ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard terms of attenuation per doubling of distance. This approximation is usually sufficiently accurate for distances of less than ft. For acoustically hard sites (i.e., sites with a reflective surface between the source and the receiver, such as a parking lot or body of water), no excess ground attenuation is assumed. For acoustically absorptive or soft sites (i.e., those sites with an absorptive ground surface between the source and the receiver, such as soft dirt, grass, or scattered bushes and trees), an excess ground attenuation value of . dB per doubling of distance is normally assumed. When added to the cylindrical spreading, the excess ground attenuation results in an overall drop‐off rate of . dB per doubling of distance from a line source. () 2.3.3 Atmospheric Effects Receivers located downwind from a source can be exposed to increased noise levels relative to calm conditions, whereas locations upwind can have lowered noise levels. Sound levels can be increased at large distances (e.g., more than feet) due to atmospheric temperature inversion (i.e., increasing temperature with elevation). Other factors such as air temperature, humidity, and turbulence can also have significant effects. () 2.3.4 Shielding A large object or barrier in the path between a noise source and a receiver can substantially attenuate noise levels at the receiver. The amount of attenuation provided by shielding depends on the size of the object and the frequency content of the noise source. Shielding by trees and other such vegetation typically only has an “out of sight, out of mind” effect. That is, the perception of noise impact tends to decrease when vegetation blocks the line‐of‐sight to nearby residents. However, for vegetation to provide a substantial, or even noticeable, noise reduction, the vegetation area must be at least feet in height, feet wide, and dense enough to completely obstruct the line‐of‐ sight between the source and the receiver. This size of vegetation may provide up to dBA of noise reduction. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) does not consider the planting of vegetation to be a noise abatement measure. () 2.4 NOISE CONTROL Noise control is the process of obtaining an acceptable noise environment for an observation point or receiver by controlling the noise source, transmission path, receiver, or all three. This concept is known as the source‐path‐receiver concept. In general, noise control measures can be applied to these three elements. 2.5 NOISE BARRIER ATTENUATION Effective noise barriers can reduce noise levels by to dBA, cutting the loudness of traffic noise in half. A noise barrier is most effective when placed close to the noise source or receiver. Noise barriers, however, do have limitations. For a noise barrier to work, it must block the line‐of‐sight path of sound from the noise source. 2.6 LAND USE COMPATIBILITY WITH NOISE Some land uses are more tolerant of noise than others. For example, schools, hospitals, churches, and residences are more sensitive to noise intrusion than commercial or industrial developments and ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard related activities. As ambient noise levels affect the perceived amenity or livability of a development, so too can the mismanagement of noise impacts impair the economic health and growth potential of a community by reducing the area’s desirability as a place to live, shop, and work. For this reason, land use compatibility with the noise environment is an important consideration in the planning and design process. The FHWA encourages State and Local governments to regulate land development in such a way that noise‐sensitive land uses are either prohibited from being located adjacent to a highway, or that the developments are planned, designed, and constructed in such a way that noise impacts are minimized. () 2.7 COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO NOISE Approximately sixteen percent of the population has a very low tolerance for noise and will object to any noise not of their making. Consequently, even in the quietest environment, some complaints may occur. Twenty to thirty percent of the population will not complain even in very severe noise environments. ( pp. ‐) Thus, a variety of reactions can be expected from people exposed to any given noise environment. Surveys have shown that community response to noise varies from no reaction to vigorous action for newly introduced noises, averaging from dB below existing to dB above existing. () According to research originally published in the Noise Effects Handbook (), the percentage of high annoyance ranges from approximately percent at dB or less, percent are highly annoyed around dB, and increases rapidly to approximately percent being highly annoyed at approximately dB or greater. Despite this variability in behavior on an individual level, the population can be expected to exhibit the following responses to changes in noise levels, as shown in Exhibit ‐. A change of dBA is considered barely perceptible, and changes of dBA are considered readily perceptible. () EXHIBIT 2-2: NOISE LEVEL INCREASE PERCEPTION 2.8 VIBRATION Per the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, vibration is the periodic oscillation of a medium or object. The rumbling sound caused by the vibration of room surfaces is called structure‐borne noise. Sources of ground‐borne vibrations include natural phenomena (e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, sea waves, landslides) or human‐ made causes (e.g., explosions, machinery, traffic, trains, construction equipment). Vibration sources may be continuous, such as factory machinery, or transient, such as explosions. As is the case with airborne sound, ground‐borne vibrations may be described by amplitude and frequency. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Additionally, in contrast to airborne noise, ground‐borne vibration outdoors is not a common environmental problem, and annoyance from ground‐borne vibration is almost exclusively an indoor phenomenon )(. Therefore, the effects of vibrations should only be evaluated at a structure and the effects of the building structure on the vibration should be considered. Wood‐frame buildings, such as typical residential structures, are more easily excited by ground vibration than heavier buildings. In contrast, large masonry buildings with spread footings have a low response to ground vibration (). In general, the heavier a building is, the lower the response will be to the incident vibration energy. However, all structures reduce vibration levels due to the coupling of the building to the soil. There are several methods used to quantify vibration levels. Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) is defined as the maximum instantaneous peak of a vibration signal and is most commonly used to evaluate the impact of vibration on buildings () (). However, PPV is not always suitable for assessing human response (e.g., annoyance), as the human body does not respond instantly to vibration signals. Instead, it responds to the average amplitude, more accurately represented by the Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the vibration (). RMS is defined as the square root of the average of the squared signal amplitude and is commonly used to evaluate human exposure to vibration. RMS and PPV are mathematically related—RMS is typically about % of the PPV for certain waveforms () (). However, deriving RMS from PPV requires knowing the full waveform or making assumptions (e.g., sinusoidal or steady‐state signals). Without this information, converting PPV to RMS introduces uncertainty and provides limited insight, especially in cases involving transient or impact vibrations (). This distinction is important because human annoyance to vibration is often triggered by abrupt, intermittent events, rather than sustained energy levels. Construction‐related vibrations are typically impulsive and broadband, in contrast to the continuous, tonal vibrations associated with transit systems. The FTA's RMS‐based criteria were developed with train activity in mind and are not well‐suited for construction vibration, where perception is driven by factors like suddenness, impact, and repetition (). In essence, RMS tends to average out short‐duration, high‐intensity events—the very events that people find most disturbing. Therefore, for construction activities, PPV‐based thresholds, such as those recommended by Caltrans, are more appropriate for assessing potential human annoyance and structural impact (). While not universally accepted, vibration decibel notation (VdB) is another RMS‐based vibration notation developed and used by the FTA in their guidance manual to describe vibration levels and provide a background of common vibration levels and set vibration limits (). Decibel notation (VdB) serves to reduce the range of numbers used to describe vibration levels and is used in this report to describe vibration levels. As stated in the FTA guidance manual, the background vibration‐velocity level in residential areas is generally VdB. Ground‐borne vibration is normally perceptible to humans at approximately VdB. For most people, a vibration‐velocity level of VdB is the approximate dividing line between barely perceptible and distinctly perceptible levels. Typical outdoor sources of perceptible ground‐ borne vibration are construction equipment, steel‐wheeled trains, and traffic on rough roads. If a roadway is smooth, the ground‐borne vibration is rarely perceptible. The range of interest is from approximately VdB, which is the typical background vibration‐velocity level, to VdB, which is ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard the general threshold where minor damage can occur in fragile buildings. Exhibit ‐ illustrates common vibration sources and the human and structural response to ground‐borne vibration VdB, which is the general threshold where minor damage can occur in fragile buildings. Exhibit ‐ illustrates common vibration sources and the human and structural response to ground‐borne vibration. EXHIBIT 2-3: TYPICAL LEVELS OF GROUND-BORNE VIBRATION Source: Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 3 REGULATORY SETTING To limit population exposure to physically and/or psychologically damaging as well as intrusive noise levels, the federal government, the State of California, various county governments, and most municipalities in the state have established standards and ordinances to control noise. In most areas, automobile and truck traffic is the major source of environmental noise. Traffic activity generally produces an average sound level that remains constant with time. Air and rail traffic, and commercial and industrial activities are also major sources of noise in some areas. Federal, state, and local agencies regulate different aspects of environmental noise. Federal and state agencies generally set noise standards for mobile sources such as aircraft and motor vehicles, while regulation of stationary sources is left to local agencies. 3.1 STATE OF CALIFORNIA NOISE REQUIREMENTS The State of California regulates freeway noise, sets standards for sound transmission, provides occupational noise control criteria, identifies noise standards, and provides guidance for land use compatibility. State law requires that each county and city adopt a General Plan that includes a Noise Element, which is to be prepared per guidelines adopted by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR). () The purpose of the Noise Element is to limit the exposure of the community to excessive noise levels. In addition, the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires that all known environmental effects of a project be analyzed, including environmental noise impacts. 3.2 CITY OF FONTANA GENERAL PLAN NOISE ELEMENT The City of Fontana General Plan was updated on November , . () To protect residents from the negative effects of “spillover” noise (Goal #), the City of Fontana has identified the following policies in the General Plan Noise and Safety Element: Policy Residential land uses and areas identified as noise‐sensitive shall be protected from excessive noise from non‐transportation sources including industrial, commercial, and residential activities and equipment. Actions A. Projects located in commercial areas shall not exceed stationary‐ source noise standards at the property line of proximate residential or commercial uses. B. Industrial uses shall not exceed commercial or residential stationary source noise standards at the most proximate land uses. C. Non‐transportation noise shall be considered in land use planning decisions. D. Construction shall be performed as quietly as feasible when performed in proximity to residential or other noise sensitive land uses. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard The City of Fontana has adopted a Noise and Safety Element of the General Plan to protect existing and planned land uses from excessive noise. The Noise Element typically provides the standards for land use compatibility for community noise exposure. However, the City of Fontana General Plan does not include specific transportation‐related noise land use compatibility guidelines. While the General Plan outlines the primary noise source activities, it does not identify criteria to assess the compatibility of the Project with transportation‐related noise. Therefore, for this analysis, the noise and land use compatibility noise criteria are derived from guidance contained in the California Office of Planning and Research (OPR) General Plan Guidelines. () The OPR land use noise compatibility criteria used by many California cities and counties specify the maximum noise levels allowable for new developments impacted by transportation noise sources. The OPR General Plan Guidelines land use noise compatibility criteria are found in Figure of the General Plan Guidelines, Appendix D: Noise Element Guidelines, as shown on Exhibit ‐. EXHIBIT 3-1: LAND USE NOISE COMPATIBILITY CRITERIA Source: OPR General Plan Guidelines, Appendix D: Noise Element Guidelines, Figure . ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard The Land Use Noise Compatibility Criteria describes categories of compatibility and not specific noise standards. As shown on Exhibit ‐, non‐noise sensitive land use is generally considered as normally acceptable with unmitigated exterior noise levels of less than dBA CNEL based. 3.3 OPERATIONAL NOISE STANDARDS To analyze noise impacts originating from a designated fixed location or private property, such as the Project site, stationary‐source (operational) noise, such as the expected trailer storage activity, truck movements, trash enclosure activity, and a roof‐top air conditioning unit is typically evaluated against standards established under a jurisdiction’s Municipal Code. The City of Fontana noise control guidelines for determining and mitigating non‐transportation or stationary noise source impacts from operations in neighboring residential areas are found in the Zoning and Development Code [Section ‐], provided in Appendix .. Section ‐ indicates that no person shall create or cause to be created any sound which exceeds the noise levels in this section as measured at the property line of any residentially zoned property. The performance standards found in Section ‐ limit the exterior noise level to dBA Leq during daytime hours, and dBA Leq during nighttime hours at sensitive receiver locations. In addition, Section ‐ states that no use shall create or cause to be created any sound that exceeds the exterior ambient noise standards of dBA Leq. 3.4 CONSTRUCTION NOISE STANDARDS The City of Fontana has set restrictions to control noise impacts associated with the construction of the proposed Project. According to Section ‐[b][] of the city’s Municipal Code, Construction or repairing of buildings or structures, construction activity is limited: between the hours of : a.m. and : p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of : a.m. and : p.m. on Saturdays except in the case of urgent necessity. () Project construction noise levels are, therefore, considered exempt from municipal regulation if activities occur within the hours specified in the City of Fontana Municipal Code, Section ‐[] of : a.m. to : p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of : a.m. to : p.m. on Saturdays. However, neither the General Plan nor the Municipal Code establish numeric maximum acceptable construction source noise levels at potentially affected receivers for CEQA analysis purposes. Therefore, a numerical construction threshold based on the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual is used for analysis of daytime construction impacts, as discussed below. According to the FTA, local noise ordinances are typically not very useful in evaluating construction noise. They usually relate to nuisance and hours of allowed activity, and sometimes specify limits in terms of maximum levels, but are generally not practical for assessing the impact of a construction project. Project construction noise criteria should account for the existing noise environment, the absolute noise levels during construction activities, the duration of the construction, and the adjacent land use. Due to the lack of standardized construction noise thresholds, the FTA provides guidelines that can be considered reasonable criteria for construction noise assessment. The FTA considers a daytime exterior construction noise level of dBA Leq as a reasonable threshold for noise‐sensitive residential land use, with a nighttime exterior construction noise level of dBA Leq. ( p. ) ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 3.5 CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION STANDARDS Construction activity can result in varying degrees of ground‐borne vibration, depending on the equipment and methods used, distance to the affected structures and soil type. Construction vibration is generally associated with pile driving and rock blasting. Other construction equipment, such as air compressors, light trucks, hydraulic loaders, etc., generates little or no ground vibration. () To analyze vibration impacts originating from the operation and construction of the Project, vibration‐generating activities are appropriately evaluated against standards established under the Municipal Code, if such standards exist. However, the City of Fontana does not identify specific construction vibration level limits. Therefore, for analysis purposes, the Caltrans Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, ( p. ) Table , vibration damage are used in this noise study to assess potential temporary construction‐related impacts at adjacent building locations. The nearest noise‐sensitive buildings adjacent to the Project site can best be described as “older residential structures” with a maximum acceptable continuous vibration threshold of . PPV (in/sec). ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 4 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA The following significance criteria are based on currently adopted guidance provided by Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. () For the purposes of this report, impacts would be potentially significant if the Project results in or causes: A. Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? B. Generation of excessive ground‐borne vibration or ground‐borne noise levels? C. For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? 4.1 NOISE LEVEL INCREASES (THRESHOLD A) Noise level increases resulting from the Project are evaluated based on the Appendix G CEQA Guidelines. Under CEQA, consideration must be given to the magnitude of the increase, the existing baseline ambient noise levels, and the location of receivers to determine if a noise increase represents a significant adverse environmental impact. This approach recognizes that there is no single noise increase that renders the noise impact significant. () This is primarily because of the wide variation in individual thresholds of annoyance and differing individual experiences with noise. Thus, an important way of determining a person’s subjective reaction to a new noise is the comparison of it to the existing environment to which one has adapted—the so‐called ambient environment. In general, the more a new noise level exceeds the previously existing ambient noise level, the less acceptable the new noise level will typically be judged. 4.1.1 Noise Sensitive Receivers (Substantial Permanent Noise Level Increase) The Federal Interagency Committee on Noise (FICON) () developed guidance to be used for the assessment of project‐generated increases in noise levels that considers the ambient noise level. The FICON recommendations are based on studies that relate aircraft noise levels to the percentage of persons highly annoyed by aircraft noise. Although the FICON recommendations were specifically developed to assess aircraft noise impacts, these recommendations are often used in environmental noise impact assessments involving the use of cumulative noise exposure metrics, such as the average‐daily noise level (CNEL) and equivalent continuous noise level (Leq). The FICON guidance provides an established source of criteria to assess the impacts of substantial temporary or permanent increase in baseline ambient noise levels. Based on the FICON criteria, the amount to which a given noise level increase is considered acceptable is reduced when the without Project (baseline) noise levels are already shown to exceed certain land‐use specific exterior noise level criteria. The specific levels are based on typical responses to noise level increases of dBA or readily perceptible, dBA or barely perceptible, and . dBA depending on the underlying without Project noise levels for noise‐sensitive uses. These levels of increases and their perceived acceptance are consistent with guidance provided by both the Federal Highway Administration ( p. ) and Caltrans ( p. _). ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Per the FICON, in areas where the without project noise levels range from to dBA, a dBA barely perceptible noise level increase appears to be appropriate for most people. When the noise levels without the project already exceed dBA, any increase in community noise louder than . dBA or greater is considered a significant impact if the noise criteria for a given land use are exceeded, since it likely contributes to an existing noise exposure exceedance. 4.1.2 Non-Noise Sensitive Receivers (Substantial Permanent Noise Level Increase) The Land Use Noise Compatibility Criteria was used to establish satisfactory noise levels of significance for non‐noise‐sensitive land uses in the Project study area. As previously shown on Exhibit ‐, a maximum exterior noise level criterion of dBA CNEL is assigned to non‐noise‐ sensitive land use. To determine if project‐related traffic noise increases are significant at off‐site non‐noise‐sensitive land uses, a barely perceptible dBA criterion is used. When the without‐project noise levels are greater than the normally acceptable dBA CNEL land use criteria, a barely perceptible dBA or greater noise level increase is considered a significant impact since the noise level criteria are already exceeded. The noise level increases used to determine significant impacts for non‐noise‐sensitive land uses is generally consistent with the FICON noise increase thresholds for noise‐sensitive land uses, but instead relies on the Land Use Noise Compatibility Criteria dBA CNEL exterior noise level criteria for non‐noise‐sensitive land uses. 4.1.3 Construction Noise (Substantial Temporary Noise Increase) To control the noise‐generating construction activities, the temporary noise level increases over the existing ambient conditions must be considered under CEQA Significance Threshold A. Although noise ordinances vary across jurisdictions, many cities and counties in California, including Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco, set construction noise limits between and dBA Leq and typically restrict construction activities to the daytime hours. In contrast, everyday operational noise regulations are more stringent because they apply to continuous, long‐term noise sources that can significantly impact the quality of life. As a result, many jurisdictions establish daytime residential noise limits around dBA Leq (or dBA Leq in the County of San Bernardino). This suggests that to dBA increase over the daytime noise limit can be reasonably tolerated without significant adverse effects. This is also illustrated in the adoption of many CEQA documents statewide that use an dBA Leq limit for assessing construction impacts while using everyday noise level limits of local noise ordinances in assessing on‐site operational impacts. While this analysis relies on the dBA Leq substantial noise increase threshold, it is important to recognize that many jurisdictions within the State, including the City of Los Angeles, no longer maintain any daytime noise increase thresholds. The City of Los Angeles found the dBA daytime construction noise increase thresholds previously employed in the City of Los Angeles to be overly conservative, especially in the context of impacts on public health that often result in significant impact determination, even for routine construction activities that are expected to occur in an urban environment. ( p. ) Based on these findings, the updated City of Los Angeles CEQA Thresholds Guide identifies a dBA nighttime construction noise increase threshold but no longer maintains a numerical threshold above ambient noise levels for daytime construction activities. Therefore, if the Project‐related construction noise levels generate a temporary noise level increase over the existing daytime ambient noise levels of more than dBA Leq or dBA Leq over the existing nighttime ambient noise levels, then the Project construction noise increases will be considered a significant impact. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 4.2 VIBRATION (THRESHOLD B) As described in Section ., vibration impacts from Project construction are evaluated against Caltrans vibration damage thresholds to assess potential temporary construction‐related impacts at adjacent building locations. The nearest vibration‐sensitive buildings adjacent to the Project site can best be described as “older residential structures” with a maximum acceptable continuous vibration threshold of . PPV (in/sec). 4.3 CEQA GUIDELINES NOT FURTHER ANALYZED (THRESHOLD C) CEQA Noise Threshold C applies when there are nearby public and private airports and/or airstrips and focuses on land use compatibility of the Project to nearby airports and airstrips. The Project site is not located within two miles of an airport or airstrip. The closest airport is Ontario International Airport (ONT), located over miles southwest of the Project site. As such, the Project site would not be exposed to excessive noise levels from airport operations, and therefore, impacts are considered less than significant, and no further noise analysis is conducted in relation to Appendix G to the CEQA Guidelines, Noise Threshold C. 4.4 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA SUMMARY Noise impacts shall be considered significant if any of the following occur as a direct result of the proposed development. Table ‐ shows the significance criteria summary matrix that includes the allowable criteria used to identify potentially significant incremental noise level increases. TABLE 4-1: SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA SUMMARY Analysis Receiving Land Use Condition(s) Significance Criteria Daytime Nighttime Off-Site Traffic Noise- Sensitive If ambient is < 60 dBA CNEL1 ≥ 5 dBA CNEL Project increase If ambient is 60 - 65 dBA CNEL1 ≥ 3 dBA CNEL Project increase If ambient is > 65 dBA CNEL1 ≥ 1.5 dBA CNEL Project increase Non-Noise- Sensitive If ambient is > 70 dBA CNEL1 ≥ 3 dBA CNEL Project increase Operational Noise- Sensitive At residential land use2 65 dBA Leq 65 dBA Leq If ambient is < 60 dBA Leq1 ≥ 5 dBA Leq Project increase If ambient is 60 - 65 dBA Leq1 ≥ 3 dBA Leq Project increase If ambient is > 65 dBA Leq1 ≥ 1.5 dBA Leq Project increase Construction Noise- Sensitive Exterior Noise Level Threshold3 80 dBA Leq 70 dBA Leq Exterior Noise Level Increase 20 dBA Leq4 5 dBA Leq5 Vibration Level Threshold6 0.3 PPV (in/sec) 1 FICON, 1992. 2 Based on Sections 30-469 and 30-543 of the City of Fontana Municipal Code. (Appendix 3.1) 3 Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual. 4 Reasonable daytime increase that can be tolerated without significant adverse effects. 5 City of Los Angeles Department of City Planning, Construction Noise and Vibration Updates to Thresholds and Methodology. 6 Caltrans Transportation and Construction Vibration Manual, April 2020 Table 19 "Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 5 EXISTING NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS To assess the existing noise level environment, ‐hour noise level measurements were taken at four locations in the Project study area. The receiver locations were selected to describe and document the existing noise environment within the Project study area. Exhibit ‐ provides the boundaries of the Project study area and the noise‐level measurement locations. To fully describe the existing noise conditions, long‐term noise level measurements were collected by Urban Crossroads, Inc. on Tuesday, November , . Appendix . includes study area photos. 5.1 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE AND CRITERIA To describe the existing noise environment, the hourly noise levels were measured during typical weekday conditions over a ‐hour period. By collecting individual hourly noise level measurements, it is possible to describe the equivalent daytime and nighttime hourly noise levels. The long‐term noise readings were recorded using Piccolo Type integrating sound level meter and dataloggers. The Piccolo sound level meters were calibrated using a Larson‐Davis calibrator, Model CAL . All noise meters were programmed in "slow" mode to record noise levels in "A" weighted form. The sound level meters and microphones were equipped with a windscreen during all measurements. All noise level measurement equipment satisfies the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard specifications for sound level meters ANSI S .‐/IEC ‐:. () 5.2 NOISE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS The long‐term noise level measurements were positioned as close to the nearest sensitive receiver locations as possible to assess the existing equivalent hourly noise levels surrounding the Project site. Both Caltrans and the FTA recognize that it is not reasonable to collect noise level measurements that can fully represent every part of a private yard, patio, deck, or balcony normally used for human activity when estimating impacts for new development projects. This is demonstrated in the Caltrans general site location guidelines which indicate that sites must be free of noise contamination by sources other than sources of interest. Avoid sites located near sources such as barking dogs, lawnmowers, pool pumps, and air conditioners unless it is the express intent of the analyst to measure these sources. () Further, FTA guidance states, that it is not necessary nor recommended that existing noise exposure be determined by measuring at every noise‐sensitive location in the project area. Rather, the recommended approach is to characterize the noise environment for clusters of sites based on measurements or estimates at representative locations in the community. () Based on recommendations of Caltrans and the FTA, it is not necessary to collect measurements at each individual building or residence, because each receiver measurement represents a group of buildings that share acoustical equivalence. () In other words, the area represented by the receiver shares similar shielding, terrain, and geometric relationship to the reference noise source. Receivers represent a location of noise sensitive areas and are used to estimate the future noise level impacts. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard EXHIBIT 5-1: NOISE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Collecting noise level measurements at the nearby sensitive receiver locations allows for a comparison of the before and after Project noise levels and is necessary to assess potential noise increase due to the Project’s contribution to the ambient noise levels. This approach is necessary to calculate the temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels as required by the CEQA Guidelines Environmental Checklist. 5.3 NOISE MEASUREMENT RESULTS The noise measurements presented below focus on the equivalent or the hourly energy average sound levels (Leq) to describe the existing ambient conditions. Table ‐ provides the (energy average) noise levels used to describe the hourly daytime (: a.m. to : p.m.), and nighttime (: p.m. to : a.m.) noise levels at each noise level measurement location. The equivalent sound level (Leq) represents a steady state sound level containing the same total energy as a time‐ varying signal over a given sample period. The daytime and nighttime equivalent noise levels represent the average of all hourly noise levels observed during these time periods, expressed as a single number. TABLE 5-1: AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS Location1 Description Energy Average Noise Level (dBA Leq)2 Daytime Nighttime L1 Located north of the site near the residence at 9550 Cherry Ave. 55.7 49.1 L2 Located east of the site near the residence at 9933 Cherry Ave. 68.5 62.5 L3 Located south of the site near the residence at 10141 Walmac Ave. 53.5 49.6 L4 Located west of the site near the residence at 14037 Rosemary Dr. 51.8 46.9 1 See Exhibit 5-1 for the noise level measurement locations. 2 Energy (logarithmic) average levels. The long-term 24-hour measurement worksheets are included in Appendix 5.2. "Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. Table ‐ provides the equivalent noise levels used to describe the daytime and nighttime ambient conditions for each of the measurements. Appendix . provides summary worksheets of the noise levels for each hour as well as the minimum, maximum, L , L , L , L , L , L , L , L , and L percentile noise levels observed during the daytime and nighttime periods. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 6 OFF-SITE TRAFFIC NOISE ANALYSIS Traffic generated by the operation of the proposed Project will influence the traffic noise levels in surrounding off‐site areas and at the Project site. According to the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Traffic Study, () the Project is anticipated to generate fewer two‐way trip ends per day as compared to the uses evaluated for the same areas within the SWIP EIR. Based on a comparison to the current SWIP EIR, the development of the proposed Project is anticipated to result in a net reduction in trips. Therefore, since the Project represents a net reduction in trips, the off‐site traffic noise levels generated by the Project are considered less than significant and no further analysis is required. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 7 RECEIVER LOCATIONS To assess the potential for long‐term operational and short‐term construction noise impacts, the following receiver locations, as shown on Exhibit ‐, were identified as representative locations for analysis. The selection of receiver locations is based on FHWA guidelines and is consistent with additional guidance provided by Caltrans and the FTA, as previously described in Section .. Sensitive receivers are generally defined as locations where people reside or where the presence of unwanted sounds could otherwise adversely affect the use of the land. Noise‐sensitive land uses are generally considered to include schools, hospitals, single‐family dwellings, mobile home parks, churches, libraries, and recreation areas. Moderately noise‐sensitive land uses typically include multi‐family dwellings, hotels, motels, dormitories, out‐patient clinics, cemeteries, golf courses, country clubs, athletic/tennis clubs, and equestrian clubs. Land uses that are considered relatively insensitive to noise include business, commercial, and professional developments. Land uses that are typically not affected by noise include: industrial, manufacturing, utilities, agriculture, undeveloped land, parking lots, warehousing, liquid and solid waste facilities, salvage yards, and transit terminals. To describe the potential off‐site Project noise levels, four receiver locations in the vicinity of the Project site were identified. Other sensitive land uses in the Project study area that are located at greater distances than those identified in this noise study will experience lower noise levels than those presented in this report due to the additional attenuation from distance and the shielding of intervening structures. Distance is measured in a straight line from the Project boundary to each receiver location. R : Location R represents the existing Kaiser Park at Cherry Avenue, approximately , feet north of the Project site. Receiver R is placed in the outdoor area facing the Project site. A ‐hour noise measurement was taken near this location, L , to describe the existing ambient noise environment. R : Location R represents the existing residence at Cherry Avenue, approximately , feet east of the Project site. Receiver R is placed at the building façade facing the Project site. A ‐hour noise measurement was taken near this location, L , to describe the existing ambient noise environment. R : Location R represents the existing residence at Walmac Avenue, approximately feet south of the Project site. Receiver R is placed at the building façade facing the Project site. A ‐hour noise measurement was taken near this location, L , to describe the existing ambient noise environment. R : Location R represents the existing residence at Rosemary Drive, approximately , feet west of the Project site. Receiver R is placed in the private outdoor living area (backyard) facing the Project site. A ‐hour noise measurement was taken near this location, L , to describe the existing ambient noise environment. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard EXHIBIT 7-1: RECEIVER LOCATIONS ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 8 OPERATIONAL NOISE ANALYSIS This section analyzes the potential stationary‐source operational noise impacts at the nearby receiver locations, identified in Section , resulting from the operation of the Project. The SWIP EIR did not specifically evaluate operational noise sources within the Project site; rather, the SWIP EIR acknowledged the potential noise sources but lacked specifics to analyze the noise impacts. Therefore, the SWIP EIR imposed mitigation that required future developments to analyze and control noise sources to comply with the City's noise ordinance, once development plans were available. This noise analysis is intended to comply with that requirement. To conservatively describe the reasonable worst‐case noise environment, Exhibit ‐ presents the noise sources used to assess the operational noise levels. 8.1 OPERATIONAL NOISE SOURCES This operational noise analysis is intended to describe noise levels associated with the expected typical daytime and nighttime activities at the Project site. To present the potential worst‐case noise conditions, this analysis assumes the Project would be operational hours per day, seven days per week. The on‐site Project‐related noise sources are expected to include: trailer storage activity, truck movements, trash enclosure activity, and a roof‐top air conditioning unit. 8.2 REFERENCE NOISE LEVELS To estimate the Project operational noise impacts, reference noise level measurements were collected from similar types of activities to represent the noise levels expected with the development of the proposed Project. This section provides a detailed description of the reference noise level measurements shown in Table ‐, used to estimate the Project's operational noise impacts. It is important to note that the following projected noise levels assume the worst‐case noise environment with all noise source activity operating at the same time. However, these sources of noise activity will likely vary throughout the day. 8.2.1 Measurement Procedures The reference noise level measurements presented in this section were collected using a Larson Davis LxT Type precision sound level meter (serial number ). The LxT sound level meter was calibrated using a Larson‐Davis calibrator, Model CAL , which was programmed in "slow" mode to record noise levels in "A" weighted form and was located at approximately five feet above the ground elevation for each measurement. The sound level meters and microphones were equipped with a windscreen during all measurements. All noise level measurement equipment satisfies the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard specifications for sound level meters ANSI S .‐/IEC ‐:. () ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard EXHIBIT 8-1: OPERATIONAL NOISE SOURCE LOCATIONS ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard TABLE 8-1: REFERENCE NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS Reference Noise Source Noise Source Height (Feet) Min./ Hour1 Reference Noise Level (dBA Leq) @ 50 Feet Sound Power Level (dBA)2 Day Night Trailer Parking Activity 8' 60 45 62.8 94.4 Truck Movements 8' 60 45 59.8 93.2 Trash Enclosure Activity 5' 60 30 57.3 89.0 Roof-Top Air Conditioning Units 5' 39 28 57.2 88.9 1 Anticipated duration (minutes within the hour) of noise activity during typical hourly conditions expected at the Project site. 2 Sound power level represents the total amount of acoustic energy (noise level) produced by a sound source independent of distance or surroundings. Sound power levels calculated using the CadnaA noise model at the reference distance to the noise source. Numbers may vary due to size differences between point and area noise sources. "Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. 8.2.2 Truck/Trailer Parking Activity To evaluate the noise levels associated with truck idling, backup alarms, trailer movements, and storage activities, Urban Crossroads collected a reference noise level measurement at an existing parcel hub facility to describe the potential operational noise levels associated with Project operational activities. The measured reference noise level at feet from the activity was measured at . dBA Leq. The reference noise level measurement includes a semi‐truck with trailer pass‐by event, background switcher cab trailer towing, drop‐off, idling, and backup alarm events. Noise associated with trailer storage activity is expected to operate for the entire hour ( minutes). 8.2.3 Truck Movements The truck movements reference noise level measurement was collected over a period of hour and minutes and represents multiple heavy trucks entering and exiting the outdoor loading dock area, producing a reference noise level of . dBA Leq at feet. The noise sources included at this measurement location account for trucks entering and exiting the Project driveways and maneuvering in and out of the outdoor loading dock activity area. 8.2.4 Trash Enclosure Activity To describe the noise levels associated with a trash enclosure activity, Urban Crossroads collected a reference noise level measurement at an existing trash enclosure containing two dumpster bins. The trash enclosure noise levels describe metal gates opening and closing, metal scraping against concrete floor sounds, dumpster movement on metal wheels, and trash dropping into the metal dumpster. The reference noise levels describe trash enclosure noise activities when trash is dropped into an empty metal dumpster, as would occur at the Project Site. The measured reference noise level at the uniform ‐foot reference distance is . dBA Leq for the trash enclosure activity. The noise level reference describes the expected noise source activities associated with the trash enclosures for the Project’s proposed building. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 8.2.5 Roof-Top Air Conditioning Units The reference noise level represents a Lennox SCA series ‐ton model packaged air conditioning unit. At the uniform reference distance of feet, the reference noise level is . dBA Leq. Based on the typical operating conditions observed over a four‐day measurement period, the roof‐top air conditioning units are estimated to operate for an average of minutes per hour during the daytime hours, and minutes per hour during the nighttime hours. These operating conditions reflect peak summer cooling requirements with measured temperatures approaching degrees Fahrenheit (°F) with average daytime temperatures of °F. For this noise analysis, the air conditioning units are expected to be located on the roof of the Project buildings. 8.3 CADNAA NOISE PREDICTION MODEL To fully describe the exterior operational noise levels from the Project, Urban Crossroads, Inc. developed a noise prediction model using the CadnaA (Computer Aided Noise Abatement) computer program. CadnaA can analyze multiple types of noise sources using the spatially accurate Project site plan, georeferenced Nearmap aerial imagery, topography, buildings, and barriers in its calculations to predict outdoor noise levels. Using the ISO ‐ protocol, CadnaA will calculate the distance from each noise source to the noise receiver locations, using the ground absorption, distance, and barrier/building attenuation inputs to provide a summary of noise level at each receiver and the partial noise level contributions by noise source. The operational noise level calculations provided in this noise study account for the distance attenuation provided due to geometric spreading, when sound from a localized stationary source (i.e., a point source) propagates uniformly outward in a spherical pattern. A default ground attenuation factor of . was used in the noise analysis to account for mixed ground representing a combination of hard and soft surfaces. This approach ensures a reasonable approximation in environments where both hard and soft surfaces exist, aligning with typical real‐world conditions. Appendix . includes the detailed noise dBA Leq model inputs used to estimate the Project operational noise levels presented in this section. 8.4 PROJECT OPERATIONAL NOISE LEVELS Using the reference noise levels to represent the Project operations that include trailer storage activity, truck movements, trash enclosure activity, and a roof‐top air conditioning unit, Urban Crossroads, Inc. calculated the operational source noise levels that are expected to be generated at the Project site and the Project‐related noise level increases that would be experienced at each of the sensitive receiver locations. Table ‐ shows the Project operational noise levels during the daytime hours from : a.m. to : p.m. The daytime hourly noise levels at the off‐site receiver locations are expected to range from . to . dBA Leq. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard TABLE 8-2: DAYTIME PROJECT OPERATIONAL NOISE LEVELS Noise Source1 Operational Noise Levels by Receiver Location (dBA Leq) R1 R2 R3 R4 Trailer Parking Activity 32.1 35.4 38.2 37.8 Truck Movements 14.0 17.5 21.0 19.8 Trash Enclosure Activity 11.6 17.0 19.7 16.0 Roof-Top Air Conditioning Units 16.3 23.9 24.2 22.6 Total (All Noise Sources) 32.3 35.8 38.5 38.0 1 See Exhibit 8-1 for the noise source locations. CadnaA noise model calculations are included in Appendix 8.1. Table ‐ shows the Project operational noise levels during the nighttime hours from : p.m. to : a.m. The nighttime hourly noise levels at the existing off‐site receiver locations are expected to range from . to . dBA Leq. TABLE 8-3: NIGHTTIME PROJECT OPERATIONAL NOISE LEVELS Noise Source1 Operational Noise Levels by Receiver Location (dBA Leq) R1 R2 R3 R4 Trailer Parking Activity 32.1 35.4 38.2 37.8 Truck Movements 14.0 17.5 21.0 19.8 Trash Enclosure Activity 10.6 16.0 18.7 15.1 Roof-Top Air Conditioning Units 13.6 21.1 21.4 19.9 Total (All Noise Sources) 32.3 35.7 38.4 38.0 1 See Exhibit 8-1 for the noise source locations. CadnaA noise model calculations are included in Appendix 8.1. The differences between the daytime and nighttime noise levels are largely related to the estimated duration of noise activity as outlined in Table ‐. Appendix . includes the detailed noise model inputs. 8.5 PROJECT OPERATIONAL NOISE LEVEL COMPLIANCE To demonstrate compliance with local noise regulations, the Project‐only operational noise levels are evaluated against exterior noise level thresholds based on the City of Fontana exterior noise level standards at nearby receiver locations. Table ‐ shows that the operational noise levels associated with the Project will not exceed the City of Fontana daytime and nighttime exterior noise level standards adjusted to reflect the existing ambient conditions at the nearest noise‐sensitive receiver locations. Therefore, consistent with the findings in the SWIP EIR, the operational noise impacts are considered less than significant at the nearby noise‐sensitive receiver locations. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard TABLE 8-4: OPERATIONAL NOISE LEVEL COMPLIANCE Receiver Location1 Project Operational Noise Levels (dBA Leq)2 Noise Level Standards (dBA Leq)3 Noise Level Standards Exceeded?4 Day Night Day Night Day Night R1 32.3 32.3 65 65 No No R2 35.8 35.7 65 65 No No R3 38.5 38.4 65 65 No No R4 38.0 38.0 65 65 No No 1 See Exhibit 7-1 for the receiver locations. 2 Proposed Project unmitigated operational noise levels as shown in Tables 8-2 and 8-3. 3 Based on Sections 30-469 and 30-543 of the City of Fontana Municipal Code. (Appendix 3.1) 4 Do the estimated Project operational noise source activities exceed the noise level standards? "Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. 8.6 PROJECT OPERATIONAL NOISE LEVEL INCREASES To describe the Project operational noise level increases, the Project operational noise levels are combined with the existing ambient noise levels measurements for the nearby receiver locations that may be potentially impacted by Project operational noise sources. Since the units used to measure noise, decibels (dB), are logarithmic units, the Project‐operational and existing ambient noise levels cannot be combined using standard arithmetic equations. () Instead, they must be logarithmically added using the following base equation: SPLTotal = log [SPL / + SPL / + … SPLn/] where “SPL ,” “SPL ,” etc. are equal to the sound pressure levels being combined, or in this case, the Project‐operational and existing ambient noise levels. The difference between the combined Project and ambient noise levels describes the Project noise level increases in the existing ambient noise environment. Noise levels that would be experienced at receiver locations when Project‐ source noise is added to the daytime and nighttime ambient conditions are presented in Tables ‐ and ‐, respectively. As indicated in Table ‐, the Project will generate daytime operational noise increases ranging from less than . to . dBA Leq at the nearest receiver locations. Table ‐ shows that the Project will generate nighttime operational noise increases ranging from less than . to . dBA Leq at the nearest receiver locations. Project‐related operational noise level increases would not exceed the operational noise level increase significance criteria presented in Table ‐. Therefore, consistent with the findings in the SWIP EIR, Project‐related operational noise level increases at the sensitive receiver locations will be less than significant. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard TABLE 8-5: DAYTIME PROJECT OPERATIONAL NOISE INCREASES Receiver Location1 Total Project Operational Noise Level2 Measurement Location3 Reference Ambient Noise Levels4 Combined Project and Ambient5 Project Increase6 Increase Criteria7 Increase Criteria Exceeded? R1 32.3 L1 55.7 55.7 0.0 5.0 No R2 35.8 L2 68.5 68.5 0.0 1.5 No R3 38.5 L3 53.5 53.6 0.1 5.0 No R4 38.0 L4 51.8 52.0 0.2 5.0 No 1 See Exhibit 7-1 for the receiver locations. 2 Total Project daytime operational noise levels as shown in Table 8-2. 3 Reference noise level measurement locations as shown on Exhibit 5-1. 4 Observed daytime ambient noise levels as shown in Table 5-1. 5 Represents the combined ambient conditions plus the Project activities. 6 The noise level increase expected with the addition of the proposed Project activities. 7 Significance increase criteria as shown in Table 4-1. TABLE 8-6: NIGHTTIME OPERATIONAL NOISE INCREASES Receiver Location1 Total Project Operational Noise Level2 Measurement Location3 Reference Ambient Noise Levels4 Combined Project and Ambient5 Project Increase6 Increase Criteria7 Increase Criteria Exceeded? R1 32.3 L1 49.1 49.2 0.1 5.0 No R2 35.7 L2 62.5 62.5 0.0 3.0 No R3 38.4 L3 49.6 49.9 0.3 5.0 No R4 38.0 L4 46.9 47.4 0.5 5.0 No 1 See Exhibit 7-1 for the receiver locations. 2 Total Project nighttime operational noise levels as shown in Table 8-3. 3 Reference noise level measurement locations as shown on Exhibit 5-1. 4 Observed nighttime ambient noise levels as shown in Table 5-1. 5 Represents the combined ambient conditions plus the Project activities. 6 The noise level increase expected with the addition of the proposed Project activities. 7 Significance increase criteria as shown in Table 4-1. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 9 CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS This section analyzes potential impacts resulting from the short‐term construction activities associated with the development of the Project. Exhibit ‐A shows the construction activity boundaries in relation to the nearest sensitive receiver locations previously described in Section . The City of Fontana Municipal Code Section ‐[] states that project construction noise levels are considered exempt between : a.m. and : p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of : a.m. and : p.m. on Saturdays. The SWIP EIR indicates that “due to the conceptual nature of the future development within the Specific Plan Update Area,” future projects should prepare “individual assessments of potential construction‐related noise impacts”. This noise analysis is intended to comply with that requirement. 9.1 CONSTRUCTION NOISE LEVELS The FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual recognizes that construction projects are accomplished in several different stages and outlines the procedures for assessing noise impacts during construction. Each stage has a specific equipment mix, depending on the work to be completed during that stage. As a result of the equipment mix, each stage has its own noise characteristics; some stages have higher continuous noise levels than others, and some have higher impact noise levels than others. The Project construction activities are expected to occur in the following stages: • Demolition • Site Preparation • Grading • Building Construction • Paving • Architectural Coatings 9.2 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE NOISE LEVELS To describe construction noise activities, this construction noise analysis was prepared using reference construction equipment noise levels from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), which published the Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM), which includes a national database of construction equipment reference noise emission levels. () The RCNM equipment database provides a comprehensive list of the noise‐generating characteristics of specific types of construction equipment. In addition, the database provides an acoustical usage factor to estimate the fraction of time each piece of construction equipment is operating at full power (i.e., its loudest condition) during a construction operation. According to the EPA, FTA, and FHWA, the overall construction noise level is governed primarily by the noisiest pieces of equipment. The quieter pieces do not affect the overall level, but they do reduce the magnitude of the fluctuations in the noise level. Therefore, a rough estimate of the noise level needs only to include the noisiest pieces of equipment expected at the site. () () () Consistent with FHWA and FTA guidance for detailed construction noise assessment, Table ‐ presents the combined noise levels for the loudest construction activities expected for each stage, assuming all equipment operates simultaneously. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard EXHIBIT 9-1: CONSTRUCTION NOISE SOURCE LOCATIONS ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard TABLE 9-1: CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE NOISE LEVELS Construction Stage Reference Construction Equipmnet1 Reference Noise Level @ 50 Feet (dBA Leq) Composite Reference Noise Level (dBA Leq)2 Reference Power Level (dBA Lw)3 Demolition Concrete Saw 83 85.8 117.5 Jack Hammer 82 Backhoe 74 Site Preparation Tractor 80 84.0 115.6 Backhoe 74 Grader 81 Grading Scraper 80 83.3 114.9 Excavator 77 Dozer 78 Building Construction Crane 73 81.1 112.8 Tractor 80 Welder/Torch 70 Paving Paver 74 77.8 109.5 Dump Truck 72 Roller 73 Architectural Coating Man Lift 68 76.2 107.8 Compressor (air) 74 Generator (<25kVA) 70 1 FHWA Road Construction Noise Model. 2 Represents the combined noise level for all equipment assuming they operate at the same time. 3 The total amount of acoustical energy produced by a sound source independent of distance or surroundings. 9.3 CONSTRUCTION NOISE ANALYSIS Construction projects involve various stages, and activities frequently shift from one location to another. For example, during site preparation and grading, noise‐generating activities may concentrate in an area for a short period to remove an obstruction, while the majority of the grading involves the equipment moving back and forth in a predictable pattern throughout the site; building construction and foundation work generally concentrate near the building footprint, while paving generally involves a predictable pattern of movement throughout the site. Therefore, construction activities are best evaluated as multiple moving point sources within the construction area since the speed and power of the equipment vary, and the equipment constantly changes position in terms of its distance and direction relative to the receivers. () () Using the reference construction equipment noise levels and the CadnaA noise prediction model, calculations of the Project construction noise level impacts by phase at the nearby sensitive receiver locations were completed. To account for the dynamic nature of construction activities, the CadnaA construction noise analysis evaluates the noise source activities as multiple moving point sources, or construction crews, within the limits of construction. Construction impacts are based on the loudest activity and the highest noise level calculated at each receiver location. As shown in Table ‐, the construction noise levels ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard are expected to range from . to . dBA Leq at the nearby receiver locations. Appendix . includes the detailed CadnaA construction noise model inputs. TABLE 9-2: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT NOISE SUMMARY Receiver Location1 Construction Noise Levels (dBA Leq) Demolition Site Preparation Grading Building Construction Paving Architectural Coating Highest Levels2 R1 50.4 48.6 47.9 45.7 42.4 40.7 50.4 R2 54.0 52.2 51.5 49.3 46.0 44.3 54.0 R3 57.1 55.3 54.6 52.4 49.1 47.4 57.1 R4 56.1 54.3 53.6 51.4 48.1 46.4 56.1 1 Construction noise source and receiver locations are shown on Exhibit 9-1. 2 Construction noise level calculations based on distance from the construction activity, which is measured from the Project site boundary to the nearest receiver locations. CadnaA construction noise model inputs are included in Appendix 9.1. 9.4 PROJECT SITE CONSTRUCTION NOISE COMPLIANCE To evaluate whether the Project will generate potentially significant short‐term noise levels at the nearest receiver locations, a construction‐related daytime noise level threshold of dBA Leq is used as a reasonable threshold to assess the daytime construction noise level impacts. The construction noise analysis shows that the nearest receiver locations will satisfy the reasonable daytime dBA Leq significance threshold during Project construction activities, as shown in Table ‐. Therefore, consistent with the findings in the SWIP EIR, the noise impacts due to the Project construction noise are considered less than significant at all receiver locations. TABLE 9-3: CONSTRUCTION NOISE COMPLIANCE Receiver Location1 Construction Noise Levels (dBA Leq) Highest Construction Noise Levels2 Threshold3 Threshold Exceeded?4 R1 50.4 80 No R2 54.0 80 No R3 57.1 80 No R4 56.1 80 No 1 Construction noise source and receiver locations are shown on Exhibit 9-1. 2 Highest construction noise level calculations based on distance from the construction noise source activity to the nearest receiver locations as shown in Table 9-2. 3 Construction noise level thresholds as shown in Table 4-1. 4 Do the estimated Project construction noise levels exceed the construction noise level threshold? 9.5 TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION NOISE INCREASES To describe the temporary Project construction noise level contributions to the existing ambient noise environment, the Project construction noise levels were combined with the existing ambient noise levels measurements at the nearest off‐site receiver locations. The difference between the combined Project‐construction and ambient noise levels is used to describe the construction noise level contributions. Temporary noise level increases that would be experienced at sensitive receiver ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard locations when the Project construction‐source noise is added to the ambient daytime conditions are presented in Table ‐. As outlined in Section .., a reasonable dBA increase over the daytime noise limit can be tolerated without significant adverse effects. Table ‐ shows that the Project construction will contribute to noise level increases ranging from . to . dBA Leq during daytime hours at the nearest receiver locations. The unmitigated construction noise analysis shows that the nearest receiver locations will not exceed the temporary dBA Leq noise increase significance threshold during Project construction activities. Therefore, consistent with the findings in the SWIP EIR, the temporary construction noise increase analysis shows that the noise impacts due to daytime Project construction noise are considered less than significant. TABLE 9-4: DAYTIME CONSTRUCTION NOISE INCREASES Receiver Location1 Typical Project Construction Noise Level2 Measurement Location3 Reference Ambient Noise Levels4 Combined Project and Ambient5 Project Increase6 Increase Criteria7 Increase Criteria Exceeded? R1 50.4 L1 55.7 56.8 1.1 20 No R2 54.0 L2 68.5 68.7 0.2 20 No R3 57.1 L3 53.5 58.7 5.2 20 No R4 56.1 L4 51.8 57.5 5.7 20 No 1 Construction noise source and receiver locations are shown in Exhibit 9-1. 2 Typical Project daytime construction noise levels as shown in Table 9-3. 3 Reference noise level measurement locations as shown in Exhibit 5-1. 4 Observed daytime ambient noise levels as shown in Table 5-1. 5 Represents the combined ambient conditions plus the Project construction activities. 6 The noise level increase expected with the addition of the proposed Project construction activities. 7 Reasonable increase that can be tolerated without significant adverse effects. 9.6 CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION ANALYSIS Construction activity can result in varying degrees of ground vibration, depending on the equipment and methods employed. The operation of construction equipment causes ground vibrations that spread through the ground and diminish in strength with distance. Ground vibration levels associated with various types of construction equipment are summarized in Table ‐. Based on the representative vibration levels presented for various construction equipment types, it is possible to estimate the potential for human response (annoyance) and building damage using the following vibration assessment methods defined by the FTA. To describe the vibration impacts the FTA provides the following equation: PPV (in/sec)equip = PPV (in/sec)ref x (/D) Using the vibration source level of construction equipment provided in Table ‐ and the construction vibration assessment methodology published by the FTA, it is possible to estimate the Project vibration impacts. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard TABLE 9-5: VIBRATION SOURCE LEVELS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Equipment PPV (in/sec) at 25 feet Small bulldozer 0.003 Jackhammer 0.035 Loaded Trucks 0.076 Large bulldozer 0.089 Vibratory Roller 0.210 Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual Table ‐ presents the expected Project‐related vibration levels at the nearby receiver locations. At distances ranging from to , feet from Project construction activities, construction vibration velocity levels are estimated to range from less than . to . PPV (in/sec). Based on a maximum acceptable continuous vibration threshold of . PPV (in/sec), the typical Project construction vibration levels will fall below the damage thresholds at all the receiver locations. Therefore, consistent with the findings in the SWIP EIR, the Project‐related vibration impacts are considered less than significant during typical construction activities at the Project site. TABLE 9-6: PROJECT CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION LEVELS Location1 Distance to Const. Activity (Feet)2 Typical Construction Vibration Levels PPV (in/sec)3 Thresholds PPV (in/sec)4 Thresholds Exceeded?5 Small bulldozer Jack- hammer Loaded Trucks Large bulldozer Vibratory Roller Highest Vibration Level R1 2,107' 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 No R2 1,400' 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 No R3 907' 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.30 No R4 1,054' 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 No 1 Construction noise source and receiver locations are shown in Exhibit 9-1. 2 Distance from receiver building facade to Project construction boundary (Project site boundary). 3 Based on the Vibration Source Levels of Construction Equipment (Table 9-5). 4 Caltrans Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, Table 19, p. 38. 5 Does the peak vibration exceed the acceptable vibration thresholds? "PPV" = Peak Particle Velocity ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 10 REFERENCES . Association of Environmental Professionals. California Environmental Quality Act Statute & Guidelines. . . California Department of Transportation Environmental Program. Technical Noise Supplement ‐ A Technical Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol. Sacramento, CA : s.n., September . . Environmental Protection Agency Office of Noise Abatement and Control. Information on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety. March . EPA/ONAC //‐. . U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Environment and Planning, Noise and Air Quality Branch. Highway Traffic Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy and Guidance. December . . U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. Highway Noise Barrier Design Handbook. . . U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Highway Traffic Noise in the United States, Problem and Response. April . p. . . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Noise Abatement and Control. Noise Effects Handbook‐ A Desk Reference to Health and Welfare Effects of Noise. October (revised July ). EPA ///. . U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, FTA Report No. . September . . Dowding, C. H. Construction Vibrations. s.l. : Prentice Hall, . . DIN ‐. Structural Vibration ‐ Effects of Vibration on Structures. s.l. : German Institute for Standardization., . . California Department of Transportation. Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual. April . . Amick, H., & Randall, M. Environmental Vibration—A Review of ISO and ANSI Standards and Their Application in Critical Environments. s.l. : Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. , . . Office of Planning and Research. State of California General Plan Guidelines. October . . City of Fontana. General Plan Noise Element. November . . Federal Interagency Committee on Noise. Federal Agency Review of Selected Airport Noise Analysis Issues. August . . California Department of Transportation. Technical Noise Supplement. November . . City of Los Angeles Department of City Planning. Construction Noise and Vibration Updates to Thresholds and Methodology. August . . American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Specification for Sound Level Meters ANSI S .‐/IEC ‐:. . Kimley‐Horn and Associates, Inc. Serrano Commerce Center Specific Plan. April . . U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Environment and Planning. FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model. January, . . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment, and Home Appliances. . NTID .. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard . U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Special Report ‐ Measurement, Prediction, and Mitigation. Office of Planning, Environment, and Realty ‐ Environment ‐ Noise. [Online] . https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/construction_noise/special_report/hcn .cfm. . —. FHWA Highway Construction Noise Handbook. Final Report August . . —. FHWA Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model. December . FHWA‐RD‐‐. . California Department of Transportation. Traffic Noise Attenuation as a Function of Ground and Vegetation Final Report. June . FHWA/CA/TL‐/. . Urban Crossroads Inc. Almond Avenue Trailer Yard (MCN‐) Trip Generation Assessment. . . Urban Crossroads, Inc. Jensen Precast Industrial (TRSTY‐‐) Traffic Assessment. . —. Drill Tech Trip Generation Assessment. June . ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard 11 CERTIFICATION The contents of this noise study report represent an accurate depiction of the noise environment and impacts associated with the proposed Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project. The information contained in this noise study report is based on the best available data at the time of preparation. If you have any questions, please contact me directly at (949) 584‐3148. Bill Lawson, P.E., INCE Principal URBAN CROSSROADS, INC. Camelback # Newport Beach, CA () ‐ blawson@urbanxroads.com Education Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo • December, Bachelor of Science in City and Regional Planning California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo • June, Professional Registrations PE – Registered Professional Traffic Engineer – TR • January, AICP – American Institute of Certified Planners – • June, –January , PTP – Professional Transportation Planner • May, – May, INCE – Institute of Noise Control Engineering • March, Professional Affiliations ASA – Acoustical Society of America ITE – Institute of Transportation Engineers Professional Certifications Certified Acoustical Consultant – County of San Diego • March, Certified Acoustical Consultant – County of Orange • February, FHWA‐NHI‐ Highway Traffic Noise Certificate of Training • February, ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard APPENDIX 3.1: CITY OF FONTANA MUNICIPAL CODE 53 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. 54 Created: 2025-07-18 12:31:11 [EST] (Supp. No. 14) Page 1 of 1 Sec. 30-469. Noise. No use shall create or cause to be created any sound that exceeds the ambient noise standards outlined in Table 30-469. No use shall create or cause creation of noise from a portable electronic device such as a car stereo, portable radio and/or cassette/compact disc player or similar device which exceeds the ambient noise standards outlined in Table 30-469. Table 30-469 Noise Standards Location of Measurement Maximum Allowable All zoning districts 7:00 a.m. until 10:00 p.m. 10:00 p.m. until 7:00 a.m. Interior 45 db 45 db Exterior 65 db 65 db 55 Created: 2022-11-01 10:44:48 [EST] (Supp. No. 6) Page 1 of 2 Sec. 30-543. Noise and vibration. (a) Noise levels. No person shall create or cause to be created any sound which exceeds the noise levels in this section as measured at the property line of any residentially zoned property: (1) The noise level between 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. shall not exceed 70 db(A). (2) The noise level between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. shall not exceed 65 db(A). (b) Noise measurements. Noise shall be measured with a sound level meter that meets the standards of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Section SI4 -1979, Type 1 or Type 2. Noise levels shall be measured using the "A" weighted sound pressure level scale in decibels (reference pressure = 20 micronewtons per meter squared). (c) Vibration. No person shall create or cause to be created any activity which causes a vibr ation which can be felt beyond the property line with or without the aid of an instrument. Sec. 18-63. Scope, enumeration of prohibited noises. (a) This article shall apply to loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive interior and exterior sound or noise that annoys or disturbs persons of ordinary sensibilities emanating from any type of property or source within the city. (b) The following acts, which create loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive sound or noise that annoys or disturbs persons of ordinary sensibilities from a distance of 50 feet or more from the edge of the property, structure or unit in which the source is located, are declared to be in violation of this article, but such enumeration shall not be deemed to be exclusive, namely: (1) Horns, signaling devices, etc. The sounding of any horn or signaling device on any automobile, motorcycle, streetcar or other vehicle on any street or public place of the city, except as a danger warning; the creation by means of any such signaling device of any unreasonably loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive noise; and the sounding of any such device for an unnecessary and unreasonable period of time; the use of any signaling device except one operated by hand or electricity; the use of any horn, whistle or other device operated by engine exhaust; and the use of any such signaling device when traffic is for any reason held up. (2) Sound amplifying equipment. The use or operation of any radio receiving set, musical instrument, phonograph, loudspeaker, sound amplifier or any other machine or device in a manner that creates loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive noise that annoys or disturbs a person of o rdinary sensibilities. Such sound amplifying equipment shall not be construed to include electronic devices, including, but not limited to, radios, tape players, tape recorders, compact disc players, MP3 players, electric keyboards, music synthesizers, record players or televisions, which are designed and operated for personal use, or used entirely within a building and are not designed or used to convey the human voice, music or any other sound to an audience outside such building, or which are used in veh icles and heard only by occupants of the vehicle in which installed. (3) Animals, birds, etc. Keeping any animal or allowing any animal to be kept or suffering, or permitting any animal to remain upon the premises under the control of a person, when such animal habitually barks, whines or makes loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive noises in such a manner as to disturb the peace and quiet of the neighbors surrounding or in the vicinity of such premises, or whose barking or howling or other sound or cry interferes with any person of ordinary sensitiveness in the reasonable and comfortable enjoyment of life and property. (4) Exhausts. The discharge into the open air of the exhaust of any steam engine, stationary internal combustion engine, motorboat or motor vehicle, except through a muffler or other device which will 56 Created: 2022-11-01 10:44:48 [EST] (Supp. No. 6) Page 2 of 2 effectively prevent loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive noises therefrom; provided, however, that the provisions of this section and article do not apply to any raceway, racetrack or drag strip which is being operated in accordance with the provisions of chapter 17, article IX. (5) Defect in vehicle or load. The use of any automobile, motorcycle or vehicle so out of repair or loaded or used in such manner as to create loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive and unnecessary grating, grinding, rattling or other noise. (6) Loading, unloading or opening boxes. The creation of a loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive and excessive noise in connection with loading or unloading of any vehicle or the opening and destruction of bales, boxes, crates and containers. (7) Construction or repairing of buildings or structures. The erection (including excavating), demolition, alteration or repair of any building or structure other than between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays, except in case of urgent necessity in the interest of public health and safety, and then only with a permit from the building inspector, which permit may be granted for a period not to exceed three days or less while the emergency continues and which permit may be renewed for periods of three days or less while the emergency continues. If the building inspector should determine that the public health and sa fety will not be impaired by the erection, demolition, alteration or repair of any building or structure or the excavation of streets and highways within the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., and if he shall further determine that loss or inconvenience would result to any party in interest, he may grant permission for such work to be done on weekdays within the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., upon application being made at the time the permit for the work is awarded or during the progress of the work. (8) Noise near schools, courts, place of worship or hospitals. The creation of any loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive noise on any street adjacent to any school, institution of learning, places of worship or court while the premises are in use, or adjacent to any hospital which unreasonably interferes with the workings of such institution or which disturbs or unduly annoys patients in the hospital; provided conspicuous signs are displayed in such streets indicating that the street is a school, hospital o r court street. (9) Transportation of metal rails, pillars and columns. The transportation of rails, pillars or columns of iron, steel or other material over and along streets and other public places upon carts, drays, cars or trucks, or in any other manner so loaded as to cause loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive noise or as to disturb the peace and quiet of such streets or other public places. (10) Piledrivers, hammers, etc. The operation between the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. of any piledriver, steamshovel, pneumatic hammer, derrick, steam or electric hoist or other appliance, the use of which is attended by loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive noise. (11) Blowers. The operation of any noise-creating blower or power fan or any internal combustion engine other than from the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on a weekday and the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on a Saturday, the operation of which causes noise due to the explosion of operating gases or fluids, unless the noise from such blower or fan is muffled and such engine is equipped with a muffler device sufficient to deaden such noise. (Code 1968, § 17-3; Ord. No. 1460, § 2, 10-5-04; Ord. No. 1560, § 2, 9-11-07) 57 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. 58 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard APPENDIX 5.1: STUDY AREA PHOTOS 59 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. 60 16758 - Fontana Trailer Yard 16758_L1_E 1.North 34, 4' 49.450000",117, 29' 30.120000" 16758_L1_E 2.South 34, 4' 49.370000",117, 29' 30.230000" 16758_L1_E 3.East 34, 4' 49.490000",117, 29' 30.090000" 16758_L1_E 4.West 34, 4' 49.520000",117, 29' 30.090000" 61 16758 - Fontana Trailer Yard 16758_L2_F 1.North 34, 4' 23.990000",117, 29' 18.990000" 16758_L2_F 2.South 34, 4' 23.950000",117, 29' 18.880000" 16758_L2_F 3.East 34, 4' 24.060000",117, 29' 18.860000" 16758_L2_F 4.West 34, 4' 24.060000",117, 29' 19.160000" 62 16758 - Fontana Trailer Yard 16758_L3_G 1.North 34, 4' 9.540000",117, 29' 39.680000" 16758_L3_G 2.South 34, 4' 9.430000",117, 29' 39.620000" 16758_L3_G 3.East 34, 4' 9.310000",117, 29' 39.650000" 16758_L3_G 4.West 34, 4' 9.310000",117, 29' 39.650000" 63 16758 - Fontana Trailer Yard 16758_L4_H 1.North 34, 4' 23.850000",117, 29' 55.440000" 16758_L4_H 2.South 34, 4' 23.810000",117, 29' 55.390000" 16758_L4_H 3.East 34, 4' 23.810000",117, 29' 55.360000" 16758_L4_H 4.West 34, 4' 23.860000",117, 29' 55.690000" 64 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. 65 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard APPENDIX 5.2: NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT WORKSHEETS 66 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. 67 Date:Location:Meter:Piccolo II JN:16758 Project:Jensen Precast Industrial Source:Analyst:Z. Ibrahim Timeframe Hour L eq L max L min L1% L2% L5% L8% L25% L50% L90% L95% L99%L eq Adj.Adj. L eq 0 48.7 57.1 41.8 56.9 56.5 55.0 53.3 48.7 45.5 42.6 42.2 41.8 48.7 10.0 58.7 1 45.3 51.4 40.9 51.2 50.9 49.8 49.1 45.9 43.7 41.5 41.2 41.0 45.3 10.0 55.3 2 45.4 51.4 40.3 51.1 50.8 50.0 49.3 46.3 43.6 41.1 40.8 40.5 45.4 10.0 55.4 3 47.5 54.6 41.3 54.3 53.9 52.9 51.9 48.1 45.4 42.2 41.7 41.4 47.5 10.0 57.5 4 46.9 53.8 41.9 53.5 53.1 51.8 50.6 47.5 45.0 42.5 42.2 41.9 46.9 10.0 56.9 5 50.6 56.5 45.7 56.3 56.0 55.1 54.2 51.5 49.2 46.4 46.1 45.8 50.6 10.0 60.6 6 54.6 62.5 47.9 62.2 61.8 60.3 59.1 54.6 52.2 49.0 48.5 48.0 54.6 10.0 64.6 7 62.9 68.2 61.2 67.5 66.8 65.3 64.5 63.0 62.3 61.5 61.4 61.2 62.9 0.0 62.9 8 54.9 61.5 50.0 61.2 60.9 59.8 58.8 55.1 52.8 50.7 50.5 50.1 54.9 0.0 54.9 9 52.3 59.1 47.3 58.7 58.2 56.7 55.8 52.8 50.9 48.3 47.8 47.4 52.3 0.0 52.3 10 52.9 60.2 47.1 59.6 59.1 57.6 56.3 53.6 51.3 48.3 47.8 47.3 52.9 0.0 52.9 11 54.1 61.9 47.6 61.5 61.0 60.1 58.8 53.9 51.2 48.5 48.1 47.7 54.1 0.0 54.1 12 53.9 62.1 47.5 61.7 61.1 59.5 58.4 53.8 51.3 48.7 48.2 47.7 53.9 0.0 53.9 13 56.4 66.1 48.3 65.6 64.8 62.3 61.0 56.0 53.0 49.3 48.8 48.4 56.4 0.0 56.4 14 53.8 61.8 47.2 61.3 60.8 59.5 58.6 53.9 51.1 48.3 47.8 47.3 53.8 0.0 53.8 15 52.4 59.4 47.2 59.0 58.4 57.0 56.0 53.0 50.9 48.2 47.8 47.3 52.4 0.0 52.4 16 54.6 64.3 47.8 63.8 63.1 60.5 58.9 54.1 51.9 48.8 48.3 47.9 54.6 0.0 54.6 17 52.8 59.6 48.1 59.3 59.0 57.6 56.4 53.4 51.2 48.8 48.5 48.2 52.8 0.0 52.8 18 54.8 63.0 47.6 62.7 62.3 61.0 59.5 55.4 51.4 48.6 48.2 47.8 54.8 0.0 54.8 19 55.5 66.4 49.0 65.2 63.9 61.4 59.4 55.0 52.5 49.9 49.5 49.2 55.5 5.0 60.5 20 54.5 63.9 48.1 62.8 61.8 59.7 58.8 54.7 51.4 48.8 48.5 48.2 54.5 5.0 59.5 21 51.7 60.6 44.9 60.1 59.5 57.4 55.7 51.7 49.4 46.0 45.5 45.0 51.7 5.0 56.7 22 47.9 56.4 40.9 56.0 55.2 53.8 52.3 48.2 45.0 41.7 41.3 41.0 47.9 10.0 57.9 23 44.1 51.4 38.1 51.1 50.8 49.4 48.0 44.7 42.1 39.0 38.6 38.2 44.1 10.0 54.1 Timeframe Hour L e L ma L min L1% L2% L5% L8% L25% L50% L90% L95% L99% Min 51.7 59.1 44.9 58.7 58.2 56.7 55.7 51.7 49.4 46.0 45.5 45.0 Max 62.9 68.2 61.2 67.5 66.8 65.3 64.5 63.0 62.3 61.5 61.4 61.2 55.7 62.0 61.4 59.7 58.5 54.6 52.2 49.5 49.1 48.7 Min 44.1 51.4 38.1 51.1 50.8 49.4 48.0 44.7 42.1 39.0 38.6 38.2 Max 54.6 62.5 47.9 62.2 61.8 60.3 59.1 54.6 52.2 49.0 48.5 48.0 49.1 54.7 54.3 53.1 52.0 48.4 45.7 42.9 42.5 42.2 Night Day Leq (dBA)24‐Hour CNELDay Night Energy Average Energy Average Average: Average: Daytime (7am‐10pm) Nighttime (10pm‐7am) 57.8 55.7 49.1 24‐Hour Noise Level Measurement Summary Hourly L eq dBA Readings (unadjusted) Night Tuesday, November 11, 2025 L1 ‐ Located north of the site near the residence at 9550 Cherry Ave. 48 . 7 45 . 3 45 . 4 47 . 5 46 . 9 50 . 6 54 . 6 62 . 9 54 . 9 52 . 3 52 . 9 54 . 1 53 . 9 56 . 4 53 . 8 52 . 4 54 . 6 52 . 8 54 . 8 55 . 5 54 . 5 51 . 7 47 . 9 44 . 1 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Ho u r l y Leq (d B A ) Hour Beginning Z:\Shared\UcJobs\_16600‐17000\_16700\16758\04_Noise\fieldwork\measurements\16758_L1_E 68 Date:Location:Meter:Piccolo II JN:16758 Project:Jensen Precast Industrial Source:Analyst:Z. Ibrahim Timeframe Hour L eq L max L min L1% L2% L5% L8% L25% L50% L90% L95% L99%L eq Adj.Adj. L eq 0 58.2 68.8 44.9 68.3 67.9 65.6 63.7 56.9 51.5 46.3 45.5 45.0 58.2 10.0 68.2 1 56.2 67.1 42.9 66.6 66.2 63.7 61.8 54.7 48.7 43.8 43.3 43.0 56.2 10.0 66.2 2 56.7 68.0 40.3 67.7 67.3 64.6 62.3 54.5 46.5 41.0 40.7 40.4 56.7 10.0 66.7 3 56.2 67.1 42.0 66.7 66.3 63.9 61.8 54.4 48.2 42.9 42.5 42.1 56.2 10.0 66.2 4 61.5 72.0 46.8 71.6 71.3 69.6 67.0 60.1 55.2 49.2 48.4 47.4 61.5 10.0 71.5 5 64.2 73.4 50.9 73.1 72.6 70.6 69.4 64.7 59.9 53.0 52.0 51.1 64.2 10.0 74.2 6 67.4 76.5 53.8 76.1 75.6 73.9 72.4 68.1 63.3 56.2 55.0 54.0 67.4 10.0 77.4 7 68.9 77.0 53.6 76.7 76.3 75.0 73.9 70.2 65.4 56.0 54.8 53.9 68.9 0.0 68.9 8 67.2 74.9 54.0 74.6 74.2 73.1 72.3 68.4 63.6 56.2 55.1 54.2 67.2 0.0 67.2 9 67.6 75.8 53.7 75.4 74.9 73.3 72.3 68.9 64.1 56.3 55.1 53.9 67.6 0.0 67.6 10 67.9 75.7 54.4 75.4 74.9 73.5 72.5 69.2 64.9 57.3 55.8 54.6 67.9 0.0 67.9 11 68.4 79.1 51.6 78.2 77.4 74.8 73.0 68.8 64.1 55.1 53.3 52.0 68.4 0.0 68.4 12 68.4 76.9 52.4 76.6 76.0 74.4 73.2 69.9 64.9 54.8 53.6 52.7 68.4 0.0 68.4 13 68.5 76.5 55.8 76.1 75.6 74.1 72.9 69.9 65.9 59.1 57.7 56.0 68.5 0.0 68.5 14 69.2 77.9 53.3 77.4 76.7 74.5 73.2 70.5 66.7 57.8 55.7 53.7 69.2 0.0 69.2 15 68.7 76.7 54.3 76.4 75.8 74.3 73.3 70.1 65.8 57.7 55.9 54.5 68.7 0.0 68.7 16 69.8 79.5 55.3 79.0 78.3 76.2 74.2 70.6 65.6 57.6 56.5 55.5 69.8 0.0 69.8 17 69.8 77.6 53.9 77.1 76.5 74.8 73.9 71.7 67.8 56.7 55.2 54.1 69.8 0.0 69.8 18 68.3 75.6 54.7 75.3 74.9 73.5 72.6 69.8 65.8 58.0 56.1 54.9 68.3 0.0 68.3 19 68.4 78.3 53.9 77.6 76.8 74.3 73.1 69.2 64.7 56.5 55.3 54.1 68.4 5.0 73.4 20 66.7 76.2 50.3 75.6 74.9 73.1 71.8 67.5 62.4 53.4 51.9 50.6 66.7 5.0 71.7 21 67.9 79.5 49.2 79.2 78.5 75.0 73.3 66.5 61.0 52.0 50.7 49.5 67.9 5.0 72.9 22 63.8 73.3 47.3 72.9 72.4 70.4 69.1 64.4 58.1 49.8 48.5 47.5 63.8 10.0 73.8 23 62.9 74.4 42.4 73.8 73.1 70.2 68.4 61.2 54.3 44.6 43.7 42.6 62.9 10.0 72.9 Timeframe Hour L e L ma L min L1% L2% L5% L8% L25% L50% L90% L95% L99% Min 66.7 74.9 49.2 74.6 74.2 73.1 71.8 66.5 61.0 52.0 50.7 49.5 Max 69.8 79.5 55.8 79.2 78.5 76.2 74.2 71.7 67.8 59.1 57.7 56.0 68.5 76.7 76.1 74.3 73.0 69.4 64.8 56.3 54.8 53.6 Min 56.2 67.1 40.3 66.6 66.2 63.7 61.8 54.4 46.5 41.0 40.7 40.4 Max 67.4 76.5 53.8 76.1 75.6 73.9 72.4 68.1 63.3 56.2 55.0 54.0 62.5 70.8 70.3 68.1 66.2 59.9 54.0 47.4 46.6 45.9 Night Day Leq (dBA)24‐Hour CNELDay Night Energy Average Energy Average Average: Average: Daytime (7am‐10pm) Nighttime (10pm‐7am) 71.0 68.5 62.5 24‐Hour Noise Level Measurement Summary Hourly L eq dBA Readings (unadjusted) Night Tuesday, November 11, 2025 L2 ‐ Located southeast of the site near the residence at 9933 Cherry Ave. 58 . 2 56 . 2 56 . 7 56 . 2 61 . 5 64 . 2 67 . 4 68 . 9 67 . 2 67 . 6 67 . 9 68 . 4 68 . 4 68 . 5 69 . 2 68 . 7 69 . 8 69 . 8 68 . 3 68 . 4 66 . 7 67 . 9 63 . 8 62 . 9 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Ho u r l y Leq (d B A ) Hour Beginning Z:\Shared\UcJobs\_16600‐17000\_16700\16758\04_Noise\fieldwork\measurements\16758_L2_F 69 Date:Location:Meter:Piccolo II JN:16758 Project:Jensen Precast Industrial Source:Analyst:Z. Ibrahim Timeframe Hour L eq L max L min L1% L2% L5% L8% L25% L50% L90% L95% L99%L eq Adj.Adj. L eq 0 49.6 59.7 44.6 59.2 58.3 56.0 53.8 48.5 46.2 44.9 44.8 44.6 49.6 10.0 59.6 1 43.5 51.8 38.0 51.2 50.7 49.5 48.3 43.3 40.6 38.6 38.3 38.1 43.5 10.0 53.5 2 43.9 52.6 38.3 52.1 51.4 49.8 48.5 43.7 40.6 38.7 38.5 38.4 43.9 10.0 53.9 3 46.4 54.2 41.1 53.7 53.0 51.9 50.8 46.7 44.0 41.5 41.3 41.2 46.4 10.0 56.4 4 48.8 57.0 39.8 56.5 55.9 54.6 53.7 49.7 45.6 41.0 40.6 39.9 48.8 10.0 58.8 5 51.8 58.6 44.4 58.1 57.6 56.7 55.9 53.0 49.6 45.6 45.0 44.6 51.8 10.0 61.8 6 55.2 63.1 47.3 62.6 62.1 60.4 59.2 55.9 53.2 48.7 47.9 47.4 55.2 10.0 65.2 7 54.6 61.8 47.2 61.2 60.7 59.5 58.6 55.9 52.6 48.4 47.8 47.3 54.6 0.0 54.6 8 53.3 60.2 46.0 59.8 59.5 58.9 58.2 53.7 50.9 47.2 46.7 46.2 53.3 0.0 53.3 9 51.9 58.7 45.2 58.2 57.6 56.3 55.2 53.0 50.5 46.5 45.8 45.3 51.9 0.0 51.9 10 51.6 58.4 44.1 58.1 57.7 56.2 55.4 52.7 50.0 45.5 44.8 44.2 51.6 0.0 51.6 11 51.6 60.3 42.9 59.8 59.3 57.4 55.4 52.2 49.3 44.4 43.6 43.0 51.6 0.0 51.6 12 52.5 59.9 45.1 59.6 59.1 58.0 56.7 53.4 50.7 46.4 45.8 45.2 52.5 0.0 52.5 13 57.2 66.0 47.3 65.4 64.7 62.7 61.7 58.5 54.4 48.7 48.2 47.5 57.2 0.0 57.2 14 53.3 61.3 44.5 60.8 60.2 58.5 57.1 54.0 51.6 46.3 45.4 44.6 53.3 0.0 53.3 15 52.7 60.4 43.8 60.1 59.5 58.0 56.6 53.8 50.6 45.4 44.7 43.9 52.7 0.0 52.7 16 54.7 63.5 46.1 63.1 62.6 59.9 58.5 55.2 52.1 47.5 46.8 46.2 54.7 0.0 54.7 17 53.4 61.9 44.8 61.4 60.6 58.3 57.3 54.3 51.6 46.3 45.7 44.9 53.4 0.0 53.4 18 55.4 60.8 51.1 60.5 60.2 59.2 58.4 56.8 54.1 51.8 51.5 51.2 55.4 0.0 55.4 19 52.3 61.9 43.9 61.5 60.4 58.0 56.5 52.5 49.6 45.2 44.6 44.0 52.3 5.0 57.3 20 50.4 58.5 42.7 58.0 57.4 55.8 54.6 51.1 48.0 43.8 43.3 42.8 50.4 5.0 55.4 21 52.4 62.4 42.8 62.1 61.6 59.1 57.5 51.8 48.1 44.0 43.4 42.9 52.4 5.0 57.4 22 47.0 55.1 40.3 54.6 54.1 52.4 51.1 47.6 44.5 41.2 40.8 40.4 47.0 10.0 57.0 23 46.1 56.8 37.0 56.4 55.9 53.6 51.1 44.5 40.6 37.7 37.3 37.0 46.1 10.0 56.1 Timeframe Hour L e L ma L min L1% L2% L5% L8% L25% L50% L90% L95% L99% Min 50.4 58.4 42.7 58.0 57.4 55.8 54.6 51.1 48.0 43.8 43.3 42.8 Max 57.2 66.0 51.1 65.4 64.7 62.7 61.7 58.5 54.4 51.8 51.5 51.2 53.5 60.6 60.1 58.4 57.2 53.9 50.9 46.5 45.9 45.3 Min 43.5 51.8 37.0 51.2 50.7 49.5 48.3 43.3 40.6 37.7 37.3 37.0 Max 55.2 63.1 47.3 62.6 62.1 60.4 59.2 55.9 53.2 48.7 47.9 47.4 49.6 56.1 55.4 53.9 52.5 48.1 45.0 42.0 41.6 41.3 24‐Hour Noise Level Measurement Summary Hourly L eq dBA Readings (unadjusted) Night Tuesday, November 11, 2025 L3 ‐ Located south of the site near the residence at 10141 Walmac Ave. Night Day Leq (dBA)24‐Hour CNELDay Night Energy Average Energy Average Average: Average: Daytime (7am‐10pm) Nighttime (10pm‐7am) 57.2 53.5 49.6 49 . 6 43 . 5 43 . 9 46 . 4 48 . 8 51 . 8 55 . 2 54 . 6 53 . 3 51 . 9 51 . 6 51 . 6 52 . 5 57 . 2 53 . 3 52 . 7 54 . 7 53 . 4 55 . 4 52 . 3 50 . 4 52 . 4 47 . 0 46 . 1 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Ho u r l y Leq (d B A ) Hour Beginning Z:\Shared\UcJobs\_16600‐17000\_16700\16758\04_Noise\fieldwork\measurements\16758_L3_G 70 Date:Location:Meter:Piccolo II JN:16758 Project:Jensen Precast Industrial Source:Analyst:Z. Ibrahim Timeframe Hour L eq L max L min L1% L2% L5% L8% L25% L50% L90% L95% L99%L eq Adj.Adj. L eq 0 45.7 54.5 38.8 54.0 53.5 52.6 52.0 43.0 41.0 39.4 39.1 38.8 45.7 10.0 55.7 1 40.5 45.6 38.3 45.1 44.5 43.5 42.8 40.9 39.7 38.7 38.5 38.3 40.5 10.0 50.5 2 44.4 49.7 39.0 49.5 49.2 48.4 47.8 46.0 42.8 39.7 39.4 39.1 44.4 10.0 54.4 3 51.5 58.6 44.0 58.4 58.2 57.0 56.1 52.6 48.9 45.3 44.6 44.2 51.5 10.0 61.5 4 42.9 46.9 41.3 46.5 46.0 44.9 44.4 43.2 42.6 41.7 41.6 41.4 42.9 10.0 52.9 5 46.0 50.5 43.9 50.1 49.7 48.7 48.1 46.3 45.3 44.3 44.2 44.0 46.0 10.0 56.0 6 51.5 59.5 45.1 59.0 58.6 57.4 56.4 51.7 48.2 45.9 45.5 45.2 51.5 10.0 61.5 7 57.9 70.0 48.7 68.7 67.5 65.0 62.3 56.0 53.3 49.3 49.1 48.8 57.9 0.0 57.9 8 51.8 58.8 47.0 58.5 58.1 56.6 56.0 52.6 49.5 47.8 47.6 47.1 51.8 0.0 51.8 9 48.8 55.9 45.3 55.4 54.9 53.5 52.2 48.9 47.3 45.8 45.6 45.4 48.8 0.0 48.8 10 48.8 56.7 43.6 56.4 56.0 54.9 53.6 48.7 45.6 44.1 43.9 43.7 48.8 0.0 48.8 11 49.1 55.4 46.0 54.8 54.1 52.8 51.9 49.6 48.0 46.5 46.3 46.1 49.1 0.0 49.1 12 50.2 58.7 45.4 58.1 57.3 55.7 54.7 49.8 47.6 45.9 45.7 45.5 50.2 0.0 50.2 13 54.6 65.9 45.3 65.2 64.4 62.4 60.6 52.6 48.1 45.8 45.6 45.3 54.6 0.0 54.6 14 52.7 61.6 45.3 60.9 60.2 58.8 57.7 52.6 49.2 46.1 45.7 45.4 52.7 0.0 52.7 15 48.5 56.5 43.6 55.9 55.2 53.7 52.3 48.7 46.5 44.4 44.1 43.7 48.5 0.0 48.5 16 48.9 58.6 42.5 57.5 56.7 54.7 52.9 48.3 45.6 43.1 42.8 42.5 48.9 0.0 48.9 17 47.8 58.2 42.3 57.7 56.7 53.7 52.0 47.6 44.5 42.7 42.5 42.3 47.8 0.0 47.8 18 51.3 62.4 42.2 61.7 61.0 58.6 56.6 49.3 45.2 42.7 42.6 42.3 51.3 0.0 51.3 19 53.0 64.7 46.4 63.4 62.1 59.2 57.8 50.8 48.9 47.0 46.8 46.5 53.0 5.0 58.0 20 50.1 60.3 45.9 59.0 57.5 54.6 52.9 49.7 48.2 46.9 46.5 46.1 50.1 5.0 55.1 21 47.7 55.7 43.2 55.1 54.5 52.8 51.4 47.8 45.7 44.0 43.8 43.4 47.7 5.0 52.7 22 40.7 48.1 37.6 47.4 46.7 45.0 43.9 40.9 39.1 38.0 37.9 37.7 40.7 10.0 50.7 23 40.0 46.1 35.3 45.8 45.5 44.7 44.1 40.4 38.3 35.7 35.5 35.4 40.0 10.0 50.0 Timeframe Hour L e L ma L min L1% L2% L5% L8% L25% L50% L90% L95% L99% Min 47.7 55.4 42.2 54.8 54.1 52.8 51.4 47.6 44.5 42.7 42.5 42.3 Max 57.9 70.0 48.7 68.7 67.5 65.0 62.3 56.0 53.3 49.3 49.1 48.8 51.8 59.2 58.4 56.5 55.0 50.2 47.5 45.5 45.2 44.9 Min 40.0 45.6 35.3 45.1 44.5 43.5 42.8 40.4 38.3 35.7 35.5 35.4 Max 51.5 59.5 45.1 59.0 58.6 57.4 56.4 52.6 48.9 45.9 45.5 45.2 46.9 50.6 50.2 49.1 48.4 45.0 42.9 41.0 40.7 40.5 Night Day Leq (dBA)24‐Hour CNELDay Night Energy Average Energy Average Average: Average: Daytime (7am‐10pm) Nighttime (10pm‐7am) 54.9 51.8 46.9 24‐Hour Noise Level Measurement Summary Hourly L eq dBA Readings (unadjusted) Night Tuesday, November 11, 2025 L4 ‐ Located southwest of the site near the residence at 14037 Rosemary Dr. 45 . 7 40 . 5 44 . 4 51 . 5 42 . 9 46 . 0 51 . 5 57 . 9 51 . 8 48 . 8 48 . 8 49 . 1 50 . 2 54 . 6 52 . 7 48 . 5 48 . 9 47 . 8 51 . 3 53 . 0 50 . 1 47 . 7 40 . 7 40 . 0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Ho u r l y Leq (d B A ) Hour Beginning Z:\Shared\UcJobs\_16600‐17000\_16700\16758\04_Noise\fieldwork\measurements\16758_L4_H 71 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. 72 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard APPENDIX 8.1: CADNAA OPERATIONAL NOISE CALCULATIONS 73 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. 74 16758 - Fontana Trailer Yard CadnaA Noise Prediction Model: 16758-02_Operation.cna Date: 09.12.25 Analyst: B. Maddux Calculation Configuration Configuration Parameter Value General Max. Error (dB)0.00 Max. Search Radius (ft)6561.70 Min. Dist Src to Rcvr 0.00 Partition Raster Factor 0.50 Max. Length of Section (ft)3280.80 Min. Length of Section (ft)3.30 Min. Length of Section (%)0.00 Proj. Line Sources On Proj. Area Sources On Ref. Time Daytime Penalty (dB)0.00 Recr. Time Penalty (dB)5.00 Night-time Penalty (dB)10.00 DTM Standard Height (m)0.00 Model of Terrain Triangulation Reflection max. Order of Reflection 2 Search Radius Src 328.08 Search Radius Rcvr 328.08 Max. Distance Source - Rcvr 3280.84 3280.84 Min. Distance Rvcr - Reflector 3.28 3.28 Min. Distance Source - Reflector 0.33 Industrial (ISO 9613 (1996)) Lateral Diffraction some Obj Obst. within Area Src do not shield On Screening Incl. Ground Att. over Barrier Dz with limit (20/25) Barrier Coefficients C1,2,3 3.0 20.0 0.0 Temperature (°F)50 rel. Humidity (%)70 Ground Absorption G 0.50 Wind Speed for Dir. (mph)6.7 Roads (TNM) Railways (FTA/FRA) Aircraft (???) Strictly acc. to AzB Receiver Noise Levels Name M.ID Level Lr Limit. Value Land Use Height Coordinates Day Night CNEL Day Night CNEL Type Auto Noise Type X Y Z (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) R1 R1 32.4 32.3 39.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 x Total 5.00 r 6715394.95 1851701.97 5.00 R2 R2 35.8 35.7 42.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 x Total 5.00 r 6716522.21 1849362.13 5.00 R3 R3 38.5 38.4 45.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 x Total 5.00 r 6714902.81 1848042.30 5.00 R4 R4 38.0 37.9 44.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 x Total 5.00 r 6713441.92 1849354.34 5.00 Point Source(s) Name M.ID Result. PWL Lw / Li Operating Time Height Coordinates Day Evening Night Type Value norm.Day Special Night X Y Z (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)dB(A)(min)(min)(min)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) TRASH1 TRASH1 89.0 89.0 89.0 Lw 89.0 150.00 0.00 90.00 8.00 r 6715064.92 1849121.49 8.00 AC1 AC1 88.9 88.9 88.9 Lw 88.9 585.00 0.00 252.00 5.00 g 6715091.96 1849091.94 13.00 Line Source(s) Name M.ID Result. PWL Result. PWL'Lw / Li Operating Time Moving Pt. Src Height Day Evening Night Day Evening Night Type Value norm.Day Special Night Number Speed (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)dB(A)(min)(min)(min)Day Evening Night (mph)(ft) TRUCK1 TRUCK1 82.7 -25.1 82.7 54.9 -52.8 54.9 PWL-Pt 93.2 6.0 0.0 6.0 25.0 8 r TRUCK2 TRUCK2 76.1 -31.7 76.1 54.9 -52.8 54.9 PWL-Pt 93.2 6.0 0.0 6.0 25.0 8 r TRUCK3 TRUCK3 76.0 -31.7 76.0 54.9 -52.8 54.9 PWL-Pt 93.2 6.0 0.0 6.0 25.0 8 r Name ID Height Coordinates Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) TRUCK1 TRUCK1 8.00 r 6715123.12 1849010.63 8.00 0.00 Urban Crossroads, Inc.75 Name ID Height Coordinates Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) 6714590.26 1849007.98 8.00 0.00 6714594.95 1849519.43 8.00 0.00 6715016.30 1849518.97 8.00 0.00 6715018.91 1849011.10 8.00 0.00 TRUCK2 TRUCK2 8.00 r 6714591.76 1849171.14 8.00 0.00 6715018.09 1849171.48 8.00 0.00 TRUCK3 TRUCK3 8.00 r 6714593.29 1849338.17 8.00 0.00 6715017.24 1849337.11 8.00 0.00 Area Source(s) Name M.ID Result. PWL Result. PWL''Lw / Li Operating Time Height Day Evening Night Day Evening Night Type Value norm.Day Special Night (ft) (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)dB(A)(min)(min)(min) TRAILER1 TRAILER1 94.3 94.3 94.3 60.5 60.5 60.5 Lw 94.3 8 r TRAILER2 TRAILER2 94.3 94.3 94.3 60.9 60.9 60.9 Lw 94.3 8 r TRAILER3 TRAILER3 94.3 94.3 94.3 59.9 59.9 59.9 Lw 94.3 8 r TRAILER4 TRAILER4 94.3 94.3 94.3 58.8 58.8 58.8 Lw 94.3 8 r TRAILER5 TRAILER5 94.3 94.3 94.3 58.8 58.8 58.8 Lw 94.3 8 r TRAILER6 TRAILER6 94.3 94.3 94.3 58.8 58.8 58.8 Lw 94.3 8 r Name ID Height Coordinates Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) TRAILER1 TRAILER1 8.00 r 6714562.50 1849606.65 8.00 0.00 6715042.41 1849608.69 8.00 0.00 6715043.19 1849555.30 8.00 0.00 6714562.77 1849551.66 8.00 0.00 TRAILER2 TRAILER2 8.00 r 6715042.93 1849549.57 8.00 0.00 6715101.78 1849550.61 8.00 0.00 6715103.09 1849130.04 8.00 0.00 6715049.96 1849130.30 8.00 0.00 TRAILER3 TRAILER3 8.00 r 6714560.17 1849007.93 8.00 0.00 6714506.78 1849007.67 8.00 0.00 6714505.22 1849547.75 8.00 0.00 6714562.51 1849547.75 8.00 0.00 TRAILER4 TRAILER4 8.00 r 6714626.73 1849136.34 8.00 0.00 6714985.85 1849136.60 8.00 0.00 6714985.59 1849031.39 8.00 0.00 6714626.47 1849029.83 8.00 0.00 TRAILER5 TRAILER5 8.00 r 6714625.95 1849309.10 8.00 0.00 6714984.80 1849309.88 8.00 0.00 6714985.33 1849203.11 8.00 0.00 6714626.21 1849202.59 8.00 0.00 TRAILER6 TRAILER6 8.00 r 6714625.69 1849482.44 8.00 0.00 6714984.28 1849482.44 8.00 0.00 6714984.80 1849375.67 8.00 0.00 6714625.43 1849378.79 8.00 0.00 Barrier(s) Name Sel.M.ID Absorption Z-Ext.Cantilever Height Coordinates left right horz.vert.Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Building(s) Name Sel.M.ID RB Residents Absorption Height Coordinates Begin x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) BUILDING BUILDING00001 x 0 10.00 a 6715082.53 1849118.98 10.00 0.00 6715102.02 1849118.98 10.00 0.00 6715102.02 1849063.01 10.00 0.00 6715081.90 1849063.64 10.00 0.00 Ground Absorption(s) Name Sel.M.ID G Coordinates x y (ft)(ft) Contour(s) Name Sel.M.ID OnlyPts Height Coordinates Begin End x y z (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Urban Crossroads, Inc.76 Vertical Area Source(s) Name ID Height Coordinates Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Rail Name Sel.M.ID Lw'Train Class Correct.Vmax Day Night Track (dBA)(dBA)(dB)(km(mph) Sound Level Spectra Name ID Type Oktave Spectrum (dB)Source Weight.31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 A lin Roads Name Sel.M.ID Lme Count Data exact Count Data Speed Limit SCS Surface Gradient Mult. Reflection Day Evening Night DTV Str.class.M p (%)Auto Truck Dist.Dstro Type Drefl Hbuild Dist. (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)Day Evening Night Day Evening Night (mph)(mph)(dB)(%)(dB)(ft)(ft) RoadsGeo Name Height Coordinates Dist LSlope Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(%) (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Urban Crossroads, Inc.77 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. 78 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard APPENDIX 9.1: CONSTRUCTION NOISE CALCULATIONS 79 ‐ NA Almond Avenue Trailer Yard This page was intentionally left blank. 80 16758 - Fontana Trailer Yard CadnaA Noise Prediction Model: 16758-02_Construction.cna Date: 10.12.25 Analyst: B. Maddux Calculation Configuration Configuration Parameter Value General Max. Error (dB)0.00 Max. Search Radius (ft)6561.70 Min. Dist Src to Rcvr 0.00 Partition Raster Factor 0.50 Max. Length of Section (ft)3280.80 Min. Length of Section (ft)3.30 Min. Length of Section (%)0.00 Proj. Line Sources On Proj. Area Sources On Ref. Time Daytime Penalty (dB)0.00 Recr. Time Penalty (dB)5.00 Night-time Penalty (dB)10.00 DTM Standard Height (m)0.00 Model of Terrain Triangulation Reflection max. Order of Reflection 2 Search Radius Src 328.08 Search Radius Rcvr 328.08 Max. Distance Source - Rcvr 3280.84 3280.84 Min. Distance Rvcr - Reflector 3.28 3.28 Min. Distance Source - Reflector 0.33 Industrial (ISO 9613 (1996)) Lateral Diffraction some Obj Obst. within Area Src do not shield On Screening Incl. Ground Att. over Barrier Dz with limit (20/25) Barrier Coefficients C1,2,3 3.0 20.0 0.0 Temperature (°F)50 rel. Humidity (%)70 Ground Absorption G 0.50 Wind Speed for Dir. (mph)6.7 Roads (TNM) Railways (FTA/FRA) Aircraft (???) Strictly acc. to AzB Receiver Noise Levels Name M.ID Level Lr Limit. Value Land Use Height Coordinates Day Night CNEL Day Night CNEL Type Auto Noise Type X Y Z (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) R1 R1 50.4 47.4 54.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 x Total 5.00 r 6715394.95 1851701.97 5.00 R2 R2 54.0 51.0 58.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 x Total 5.00 r 6716522.21 1849362.13 5.00 R3 R3 57.1 54.1 61.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 x Total 5.00 r 6714902.81 1848042.30 5.00 R4 R4 56.1 53.1 60.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 x Total 5.00 r 6713441.92 1849354.34 5.00 Point Source(s) Name M.ID Result. PWL Lw / Li Operating Time Height Coordinates Day Evening Night Type Value norm.Day Special Night X Y Z (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)dB(A)(min)(min)(min)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Line Source(s) Name M.ID Result. PWL Result. PWL'Lw / Li Operating Time Moving Pt. Src Height Day Evening Night Day Evening Night Type Value norm.Day Special Night Number Speed (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)dB(A)(min)(min)(min)Day Evening Night (mph)(ft) Name ID Height Coordinates Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Area Source(s) Urban Crossroads, Inc.81 Name M.ID Result. PWL Result. PWL''Lw / Li Operating Time Height Day Evening Night Day Evening Night Type Value norm.Day Special Night (ft) (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)(dBA)dB(A)(min)(min)(min) CA1 CA1 120.5 117.5 117.5 74.7 71.7 71.7 Lw 117.5 8 r Name ID Height Coordinates Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) CA1 CA1 8.00 r 6714495.37 1849605.97 8.00 0.00 6715122.26 1849612.28 8.00 0.00 6715123.21 1848951.44 8.00 0.00 6714497.57 1848945.92 8.00 0.00 6714496.33 1849318.85 8.00 0.00 Barrier(s) Name Sel.M.ID Absorption Z-Ext.Cantilever Height Coordinates left right horz.vert.Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Building(s) Name Sel.M.ID RB Residents Absorption Height Coordinates Begin x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Ground Absorption(s) Name Sel.M.ID G Coordinates x y (ft)(ft) Contour(s) Name Sel.M.ID OnlyPts Height Coordinates Begin End x y z (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Vertical Area Source(s) Name ID Height Coordinates Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Rail Name Sel.M.ID Lw'Train Class Correct.Vmax Day Night Track (dBA)(dBA)(dB)(km(mph) Sound Level Spectra Name ID Type Oktave Spectrum (dB)Source Weight.31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 A lin Roads Name Sel.M.ID Lme Count Data exact Count Data Speed Limit SCS Surface Gradient Mult. Reflection Day Evening Night DTV Str.class.M p (%)Auto Truck Dist.Dstro Type Drefl Hbuild Dist. (dBA)(dBA)(dBA)Day Evening Night Day Evening Night (mph)(mph)(dB)(%)(dB)(ft)(ft) RoadsGeo Name Height Coordinates Dist LSlope Begin End x y z Ground (ft)(%) (ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft)(ft) Urban Crossroads, Inc.82