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Home My WebLink AboutAppendix E - Cultural Resources AssessmentCULTURAL RESOURCES STUDY FOR THE ALMOND AVENUE TRAILER YARD PROJECT CITY OF FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA APN 0234-061-04 Lead Agency: City of Fontana Community Development Department 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, California 92335 Preparer: BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company 14010 Poway Road, Suite A Poway, California 92064 Project Proponent: DLJ Fontana, LLC 9895 Double R Boulevard Reno, Nevada 89521 October 20, 2025 Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project Archaeological Database Information Authors: Kathleen A. Krogh, B.A. and Tracy A. Stropes, M.A., RPA Consulting Firm: BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company 14010 Poway Road, Suite A Poway, California 92064 (858) 484-0915 Client/Project Proponent: DLJ Fontana, LLC 9895 Double R Boulevard Reno, Nevada 89521 Lead Agency: City of Fontana Community Development Department 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, California 92335 Report Date: October 20, 2025 Report Title: Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California Type of Study: Phase I Cultural Resources Study USGS Quadrangle: Acreage: Key Words: Section 22, Township 1 South, Range 6 West of the Fontana, California (7.5-minute) USGS Quadrangle 9.49 acres Survey; Fontana, California USGS Quadrangle; no impact to cultural resource; no further study recommended. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project ii Table of Contents Section Description Page MANAGEMENT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT ........................................................................ iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1.0–1 1.1 Project Description............................................................................................1.0–1 1.2 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................1.0–1 1.3 Cultural Setting .................................................................................................1.0–5 1.4 Results of the Archaeological Records Search .................................................1.0–15 1.4.1 Sacred Lands File Search ........................................................................1.0–18 1.5 Applicable Regulations .....................................................................................1.0–18 1.5.1 California Environmental Quality Act .....................................................1.0–19 2.0 RESEARCH DESIGN .............................................................................................2.0–1 3.0 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT EFFECTS ....................................................................3.0–1 3.1 Survey Methods ................................................................................................3.0–1 3.2 Results of the Field Survey ...............................................................................3.0–1 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................................................4.0–1 5.0 LIST OF PREPARERS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONTACTED .......................5.0–1 6.0 CERTIFICATION ...................................................................................................6.0–1 7.0 REFERENCES CITED ............................................................................................7.0–1 List of Appendices Appendix A – Resumes of Key Personnel Appendix B – Archaeological Records Search Results* Appendix C – NAHC Sacred Lands File Search Results* *Deleted for public review and bound separately in the Confidential Appendix Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project iii List of Figures Figure Description Page Figure 1.1–1 General Location Map ...................................................................................1.0–2 Figure 1.1–2 Project Location Map ....................................................................................1.0–3 Figure 1.1–3 Project Development Map .............................................................................1.0–4 List of Plates Plate Description Page Plate 3.2–1 Overview of the project, facing southeast .......................................................3.0–2 Plate 3.2–2 Overview of the project, facing west ..............................................................3.0–2 Plate 3.2–3 Overview of the project, facing southwest .....................................................3.0–3 Plate 3.2–4 Overview of the project, facing northwest ......................................................3.0–3 List of Tables Table Description Page Table 1.4–1 Cultural Resources Recorded Within One Mile of the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project ........................................................................................1.0–17 Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project iv MANAGEMENT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT At the direction of the applicant, BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company (BFSA), conducted a cultural resources study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project. The project is located in the city of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. The 9.49-acre property (Assessor’s Parcel Number [APN] 0234-061-04) is located west of Almond Avenue between San Bernardino Avenue and Valley Boulevard. The project is situated within Section 22, Township 1 South, Range 6 West, as shown on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Fontana, California (7.5-minute) topographic quadrangle map. The project proposes the improvement of the parcel for use as a tractor trailer storage yard. The purpose of the current investigation was to locate and record any cultural resources within the project and subsequently evaluate any resources as part of the City of Fontana environmental review process conducted in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The archaeological investigation of the project includes an archaeological records search conducted at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) at California State University, Fullerton (CSU Fullerton) in order to assess previous archaeological studies and identify any previously recorded archaeological sites within the project or in the immediate vicinity. The records search identified 36 resources within a one-mile radius of the project, all of which are historic. One of the recorded resources, Site SBR-4131H (Kaiser Steel Mill), is recorded within the subject property. However, it appears the boundary for Site SBR-4131H was loosely drawn, and although in proximity of the original location of the Kaiser Steel Mill, the project does not appear to have ever contained any elements of the resource. The SCCIC records search results also identified 23 previous studies within one mile of the project, one of which overlaps the subject property (Owens 1995). A Sacred Lands File (SLF) search was also requested from the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The NAHC SLF search results were negative for the presence of any recorded Native American sacred sites or locations of religious or ceremonial importance within the project vicinity. Principal Investigator Tracy A. Stropes, M.A., RPA, directed the archaeological survey with assistance from BFSA archaeologist Mary Chitjian on August 5, 2025. The archaeological study included an intensive reconnaissance survey, consisting of a series of transects conducted across the project. The survey did not identify any cultural resources within the subject property. Further, aerial photographs indicate the property was historically utilized for agriculture, as a gravel pit, and has been graded. Given the previous ground-disturbing activites and the survey results, there is little to no potential for archaeological resources to be encountered by the proposed project. As such, archaeological monitoring of grading is not recommended based upon the findings of this cultural resources assessment. A copy of this report will be permanently filed with the SCCIC at CSU Fullerton. All notes, photographs, and other materials related to this project will be curated at the BFSA archaeological laboratory in Poway, California. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Description The archaeological survey program for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project was conducted in order to comply with CEQA and City of Fontana environmental requirements. The project is located in the city of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California (Figure 1.1–1). The 9.49-acre project (APN 0234-061-04) is located west of Almond Avenue between San Bernardino Avenue and Valley Boulevard. Specifically, the project is situated within Section 22, Township 1 South, Range 6 West, as shown on the USGS Fontana, California (7.5-minute) topographic quadrangle map (Figure 1.1–2). The project proposes the improvement of the parcel for use as a tractor trailer storage yard (Figures 1.1–3). The decision to request the current investigation was based upon the cultural resource sensitivity of the locality, as suggested by known site density and predictive modeling. Sensitivity for cultural resources in a given area is usually indicated by known settlement patterns, which, in southwestern San Bernardino County, were focused around freshwater resources and a food supply. 1.2 Environmental Setting The project is located in the Fontana region of San Bernardino County. The subject property is part of the Chino Basin, south of the San Gabriel Mountains, north of the Jurupa Mountains, and west of the San Bernardino Mountains. The San Gabriel Mountains to the north extend east from Newhall Pass in Los Angeles County to the Cajon Pass in San Bernardino County. These mountains are part of the Transverse Ranges with peaks exceeding 9,000 feet above mean sea level (AMSL). The Jurupa Mountains are part of the Perris tectonic block and constitute the northernmost portion of the Peninsular Ranges (MacKevett 1951; Morton 2003). The Jurupa Mountains mainly consist of Cretaceous granitic and pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks, with the lower slopes mantled by a sedimentary detritus of Pleistocene-aged alluvial fan deposits. Geologically, the project is mapped as Holocene and late Pleistocene young alluvial fan deposits of Lytle Creek, which is characterized as unconsolidated, gray, cobbly and bouldery alluvium of Lytle Creek fan (Morton 2003). Lytle Creek is located approximately 9.3 miles northeast of the property. Geomorphically, the project is relatively flat lying with a gentle slope to the southwest. Average elevations within the project range from approximately 1,045 feet AMSL to 1,073 feet AMSL. Figure 1.1–1 General Location Map The Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project Esri World Topographic Map (1:250,000 series) 1.0–2 Figure 1.1–2 Project Location Map The Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project USGS Fontana and Guasti Quadrangles (7.5-minute series) 1.0–3 Project Figure 1.1–3 Project Development Map The Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–4 Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–5 At present, the entire property is currently used for commercial activities, primarily for the storage of precast concrete infrastructure. Therefore, vegetation within the project consists entirely of non-native weeds and grasses and maintained commercial landscape. During the prehistoric period, vegetation near the project provided sufficient food resources to support prehistoric occupants. Animals that inhabited the project during prehistoric times included mammals such as rabbits, squirrels, gophers, mice, rats, deer, and coyotes, in addition to a variety of reptiles and amphibians. The natural setting of the project during the prehistoric occupation also offered a rich nutritional resource base. Fresh water was likely obtainable from intermittent streams within the Jurupa Mountains, or the Santa Ana River, the latter of which is located approximately seven miles south of the property. 1.3 Cultural Setting Paleo Indian, Archaic Period Milling Stone Horizon, and the Late Prehistoric Shoshonean groups are the three general cultural periods represented in San Bernardino County. The following discussion of the cultural history of San Bernardino County references the San Dieguito Complex, the Encinitas Tradition, the Milling Stone Horizon, the La Jolla Complex, the Pauma Complex, and the San Luis Rey Complex, since these culture sequences have been used to describe archaeological manifestations in the region. The Late Prehistoric component in the southwestern area of San Bernardino County was represented by the Gabrielino and Serrano Indians. According to Kroeber (1976), the Serrano probably owned a stretch of the Sierra Madre from Cucamonga east to above Mentone and halfway up to San Timoteo Canyon, including the San Bernardino Valley and just missing Riverside County. However, Kroeber (1976) also states that this area has been assigned to the Gabrielino, “which would be a more natural division of topography, since it would leave the Serrano pure mountaineers.” Absolute chronological information, where possible, will be incorporated into this discussion to examine the effectiveness of continuing to use these terms interchangeably. Reference will be made to the geologic framework that divides the culture chronology of the area into four segments: late Pleistocene (20,000 to 10,000 years before the present [YBP]), early Holocene (10,000 to 6,650 YBP), middle Holocene (6,650 to 3,350 YBP), and late Holocene (3,350 to 200 YBP). Paleo Indian Period (Late Pleistocene: 11,500 to circa 9,000 YBP) The Paleo Indian Period is associated with the terminus of the late Pleistocene (12,000 to 10,000 YBP). The environment during the late Pleistocene was cool and moist, which allowed for glaciation in the mountains and the formation of deep, pluvial lakes in the deserts and basin lands (Moratto 1984). However, by the terminus of the late Pleistocene, the climate became warmer, which caused glaciers to melt, sea levels to rise, greater coastal erosion, large lakes to recede and evaporate, extinction of Pleistocene megafauna, and major vegetation changes (Moratto 1984; Martin 1967, 1973; Fagan 1991). The coastal shoreline at 10,000 YBP, depending upon the particular area of the coast, was near the 30-meter isobath, or two to six kilometers further west Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–6 than its present location (Masters 1983). Paleo Indians were likely attracted to multiple habitat types, including mountains, marshlands, estuaries, and lakeshores. These people likely subsisted using a more generalized hunting, gathering, and collecting adaptation, utilizing a variety of resources including birds, mollusks, and both large and small mammals (Erlandson and Colten 1991; Moratto 1984; Moss and Erlandson 1995). Archaic Period (Early and Middle Holocene: circa 9000 to 1300 YBP) The Archaic Period of prehistory began with the onset of the Holocene circa 9,000 YBP. The transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene was a period of major environmental change throughout North America (Antevs 1953; Van Devender and Spaulding 1979). The general warming trend caused sea levels to rise, lakes to evaporate, and drainage patterns to change. In southern California, the general climate at the beginning of the early Holocene was marked by cool/moist periods and an increase in warm/dry periods and sea levels. The coastal shoreline at 8,000 YBP, depending upon the particular area of the coast, was near the 20-meter isobath, or one to four kilometers further west than its present location (Masters 1983). The rising sea level during the early Holocene created rocky shorelines and bays along the coast by flooding valley floors and eroding the coastline (Curray 1965; Inman 1983). Shorelines were primarily rocky with small littoral cells, as sediments were deposited at bay edges but rarely discharged into the ocean (Reddy 2000). These bays eventually evolved into lagoons and estuaries, which provided a rich habitat for mollusks and fish. The warming trend and rising sea levels generally continued until the late Holocene (4,000 to 3,500 YBP). At the beginning of the late Holocene, sea levels stabilized, rocky shores declined, lagoons filled with sediment, and sandy beaches became established (Gallegos 1985; Inman 1983; Masters 1994; Miller 1966; Warren and Pavesic 1963). Many former lagoons became saltwater marshes surrounded by coastal sage scrub by the late Holocene (Gallegos 2002). The sedimentation of the lagoons was significant in that it had profound effects upon the types of resources available to prehistoric peoples. Habitat was lost for certain large mollusks, namely Chione and Argopecten, but habitat was gained for other small mollusks, particularly Donax (Gallegos 1985; Reddy 2000). The changing lagoon habitats resulted in the decline of larger shellfish, the loss of drinking water, and the loss of Torrey Pine nuts, causing a major depopulation of the coast as people shifted inland to reliable freshwater sources and intensified their exploitation of terrestrial small game and plants, including acorns (originally proposed by Rogers 1929; Gallegos 2002). The Archaic Period in southern California is associated with a number of different cultures, complexes, traditions, horizons, and periods, including San Dieguito, La Jolla, Encinitas, Milling Stone, Pauma, and Intermediate. Late Prehistoric Period (Late Holocene: 1,300 YBP to 1790) Approximately 1,350 YBP, a Shoshonean-speaking group from the Great Basin region moved into San Bernardino County, marking the transition into the Late Prehistoric Period. This Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–7 period has been characterized by higher population densities and elaborations in social, political, and technological systems. Economic systems diversified and intensified during this period, with the continued elaboration of trade networks, the use of shell-bead currency, and the appearance of more labor-intensive, yet effective, technological innovations. Technological developments during this period included the introduction of the bow and arrow between A.D. 400 and 600 and the introduction of ceramics. Atlatl darts were replaced by smaller arrow darts, including the Cottonwood series points. Other hallmarks of the Late Prehistoric Period include extensive trade networks as far reaching as the Colorado River Basin and cremation of the dead. Gabrielino The territory of the Gabrielino at the time of Spanish contact covers much of present-day Los Angeles and Orange counties. The southern extent of this culture area is bounded by Aliso Creek, the eastern extent is located east of present-day San Bernardino along the Santa Ana River, the northern extent includes the San Fernando Valley, and the western extent includes portions of the Santa Monica Mountains. The Gabrielino also occupied several Channel Islands including Santa Barbara Island, Santa Catalina Island, San Nicholas Island, and San Clemente Island. Because of their access to certain resources, including a steatite source from Santa Catalina Island, this group was among the wealthiest and most populous aboriginal groups in all of southern California. Trade of materials and resources controlled by the Gabrielino extended as far north as the San Joaquin Valley, as far east as the Colorado River, and as far south as Baja California (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). The Gabrielino lived in permanent villages and smaller resource gathering camps occupied at various times of the year depending upon the seasonality of the resource. Larger villages were comprised of several families or clans, while smaller seasonal camps typically housed smaller family units. The coastal area between San Pedro and Topanga Canyon was the location of primary subsistence villages, while secondary sites were located near inland sage stands, oak groves, and pine forests. Permanent villages were located along rivers and streams, as well as in sheltered areas along the coast. As previously mentioned, the Channel Islands were also the locations of relatively large settlements (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Resources procured along the coast and on the islands were primarily marine in nature and included tuna, swordfish, ray, shark, California sea lion, Stellar sea lion, harbor seal, northern elephant seal, sea otter, dolphin, porpoise, various waterfowl species, numerous fish species, purple sea urchin, and mollusks such as rock scallop, California mussel, and limpet. Inland resources included oak acorn, pine nut, Mohave yucca, cacti, sage, grass nut, deer, rabbit, hare, rodent, quail, duck, and a variety of reptiles such as western pond turtle and snakes (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). The social structure of the Gabrielino is little known; however, there appears to have been at least three social classes: 1) the elite, which included the rich, chiefs, and their immediate family; 2) a middle class, which included people of relatively high economic status or long-established lineages; and 3) a class of people that included most other individuals in the society. Villages were Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–8 politically autonomous units comprised of several lineages. During times of the year when certain seasonal resources were available, the village would divide into lineage groups and move out to exploit them, returning to the village between forays (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Each lineage had its own leader, with the village chief coming from the dominant lineage. Several villages might be allied under a paramount chief. Chiefly positions were of an ascribed status, most often passed to the eldest son. Chiefly duties included providing village cohesion, leading warfare and peace negotiations with other groups, collecting tribute from the village(s) under his jurisdiction, and arbitrating disputes within the village(s). The status of the chief was legitimized by his safekeeping of the sacred bundle, which was a representation of the link between the material and spiritual realms and the embodiment of power (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Shamans were leaders in the spirit realm. The duties of the shaman included conducting healing and curing ceremonies, guarding the sacred bundle, locating lost items, identifying and collecting poisons for arrows, and making rain (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Marriages were made between individuals of equal social status and, in the case of powerful lineages, marriages were arranged to establish political ties between the lineages (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Men conducted the majority of the heavy labor, hunting, fishing, and trading with other groups. Women’s duties included gathering and preparing plant and animal resources, and making baskets, pots, and clothing (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Gabrielino houses were domed, circular structures made of thatched vegetation. Houses varied in size and could house from one to several families. Sweathouses (semicircular, earth- covered buildings) were public structures used in male social ceremonies. Other structures included menstrual huts and a ceremonial structure called a yuvar, an open-air structure built near the chief’s house (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Clothing was minimal. Men and children most often went naked, while women wore deerskin or bark aprons. In cold weather, deerskin, rabbit fur, or bird skin (with feathers intact) cloaks were worn. Island and coastal groups used sea otter fur for cloaks. In areas of rough terrain, yucca fiber sandals were worn. Women often used red ochre on their faces and skin for adornment or protection from the sun. Adornment items included feathers, fur, shells, and beads (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Hunting implements included wood clubs, sinew-backed bows, slings, and throwing clubs. Maritime implements included rafts, harpoons, spears, hook and line, and nets. A variety of other tools included deer scapulae saws, bone and shell needles, bone awls, scrapers, bone or shell flakers, wedges, stone knives and drills, metates, mullers, manos, shell spoons, bark platters, and wood paddles and bowls. Baskets were made from rush, deer grass, and skunkbush. Baskets were fashioned for hoppers, plates, trays, and winnowers for leaching, straining, and gathering. Baskets were also used for storing, preparing, and serving food, and for keeping personal and ceremonial items (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–9 The Gabrielino had exclusive access to soapstone, or steatite, procured from Santa Catalina Island quarries. This highly prized material was used for making pipes, animal carvings, ritual objects, ornaments, and cooking utensils. The Gabrielino profited well from trading steatite since it was valued so much by groups throughout southern California (Bean and Smith 1978a; Kroeber 1976). Serrano Aboriginally, the Serrano occupied an area east of present-day Los Angeles. According to Bean and Smith (1978b), definitive boundaries are difficult to place for the Serrano due to their sociopolitical organization and a lack of reliable data: The Serrano were organized into autonomous localized lineages occupying definite, favored territories, but rarely claiming any territory far removed from the lineage’s home base. Since the entire dialectical group was neither politically united nor amalgamated into supralineage groups, as many of their neighbors were, one must speak in terms of generalized areas of usage rather than pan-tribal holdings. (Strong [1929] in Bean and Smith 1978b) However, researchers place the Serrano in the San Bernardino Mountains east of Cajon Pass and at the base of and north of the mountains near Victorville, east to Twentynine Palms, and south to the Yucaipa Valley (Bean and Smith 1978b). Serrano has been used broadly for languages in the Takic family including Serrano, Kitanemuk, Vanyume, and Tataviam. The Serrano were part of “exogamous clans, which in turn were affiliated with one of two exogamous moieties, tukwutam (Wildcat) and wahiʔiam (Coyote)” (Bean and Smith 1978b). According to Strong (1971), details such as number, structure, and function of the clans are unknown. Instead, he states that clans were not political, but were rather structured based upon “economic, marital, or ceremonial reciprocity, a pattern common throughout Southern California” (Bean and Smith 1978b). The Serrano formed alliances amongst their own clans and with Cahuilla, Chemehuevi, Gabrielino, and Cupeño clans (Bean and Smith 1978b). Clans were large, autonomous, political and landholding units formed patrilineally, with all males descending from a common male ancestor, including all wives and descendants of the males. However, even after marriage, women would still keep their original lineage, and would still participate in those ceremonies (Bean and Smith 1978b). According to Bean and Smith (1978b), the cosmogony and cosmography of the Serrano are very similar to those of the Cahuilla: There are twin creator gods, a creation myth told in “epic poem” style, each local group having its own origin story, water babies whose crying foretells death, supernatural beings of various kinds and on various hierarchically arranged power- access levels, an Orpheus-like myth, mythical deer that no one can kill, and tales Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–10 relating the adventures (and misadventures) of Coyote, a tragicomic trickster- transformer culture hero. (Bean [1962-1972] and Benedict [1924] in Bean and Smith 1978b) The Serrano had a shaman, a person who acquired their powers through dreams, which were induced through ingestion of the hallucinogen datura. The shaman was mostly a curer/healer, using herbal remedies and “sucking out the disease-causing agents” (Bean and Smith 1978b). Serrano village locations were typically located near water sources. Individual family dwellings were likely circular, domed structures. Daily household activities would either take place outside of the house out in the open, or under a ramada constructed of a thatched willow pole roof held up by four or more poles inserted into the ground. Families could consist of a husband, wife/wives, unmarried female children, married male children, the husband’s parents, and/or widowed aunts and uncles. Rarely, an individual would occupy his own house, typically in the mountains. Serrano villages also included a large ceremonial house where the lineage leader would live, which served as the religious center for lineages or lineage-sets, granaries, and sweathouses (Bean and Smith 1978b). The Serrano were primarily hunters and gatherers. Vegetal staples varied with locality. Acorns and piñon nuts were found in the foothills, and mesquite, yucca roots, cacti fruits, and piñon nuts were found in or near the desert regions. Diets were supplemented with other roots, bulbs, shoots, and seeds (Heizer 1978). Deer, mountain sheep, antelopes, rabbits, and other small rodents were among the principal food packages. Various game birds, especially quail, were also hunted. The bow and arrow were used for large game, while smaller game and birds were killed with curved throwing sticks, traps, and snares. Occasionally, game was hunted communally, often during mourning ceremonies (Benedict 1924; Drucker 1937; Heizer 1978). Earth ovens were used to cook meat, bones were boiled to extract marrow, and blood was either drunk cold or cooked to a thicker consistency and then eaten. Some meat and vegetables were sun-dried and stored. Food acquisition and processing required the manufacture of additional items such as knives, stone or bone scrapers, pottery trays and bowls, bone or horn spoons, and stirrers. Mortars, made of either stone or wood, and metates were also manufactured (Strong 1971; Drucker 1937; Benedict 1924). The Serrano were very similar technologically to the Cahuilla. In general, manufactured goods included baskets, some pottery, rabbit-skin blankets, awls, arrow straighteners, sinew- backed bows, arrows, fire drills, stone pipes, musical instruments (rattles, rasps, whistles, bull- roarers, and flutes), feathered costumes, mats for floor and wall coverings, bags, storage pouches, cordage (usually comprised of yucca fiber), and nets (Heizer 1978). Ethnohistoric Period (1769 to Present) The historic background of the project began with the Spanish colonization of Alta California. The first Spanish colonizing expedition reached southern California in 1769 with the intention of converting and civilizing the indigenous populations, as well as expanding the knowledge of and access to new resources in the region (Brigandi 1998). As a result, by the late Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–11 eighteenth century, a large portion of southern California was overseen by Mission San Luis Rey (San Diego County), Mission San Juan Capistrano (Orange County), and Mission San Gabriel (Los Angeles County), who began colonization the region and surrounding areas (Chapman 1921). Up until this time, the only known way to feasibly travel from Sonora to Alta California was by sea. In 1774, Juan Bautista de Anza, an army captain at Tubac, requested and was given permission by the governor of the Mexican State of Sonora to establish an overland route from Sonora to Monterey (Chapman 1921). In doing so, Juan Bautista de Anza passed through what is now Riverside County and described the area in writing for the first time (Caughey 1970; Chapman 1921). In 1797, Father Presidente Lausen (of Mission San Diego de Alcalá), Father Norberto de Santiago, and Corporal Pedro Lisalde (of Mission San Juan Capistrano) led an expedition through southwestern Riverside County in search of a new mission site to establish a presence between San Diego and San Juan Capistrano (Engelhardt 1921). Their efforts ultimately resulted in the establishment of Mission San Luis Rey in Oceanside, California. Each mission gained power through the support of a large, subjugated Native American workforce. As the missions grew, livestock holdings increased and became more vulnerable to theft. In order to protect their interests, the southern California missions began to expand inland to try and provide additional security (Beattie and Beattie 1939; Caughey 1970). In order to meet their needs, the Spaniards embarked on a formal expedition in 1806 to find potential locations within what is now the San Bernardino Valley. As a result, by 1810, Father Francisco Dumetz of Mission San Gabriel had succeeded in establishing a religious site, or capilla, at a Cahuilla rancheria called Guachama (Beattie and Beattie 1939). San Bernardino Valley received its name from this site, which was dedicated to San Bernardino de Siena by Father Dumetz. The Guachama rancheria was located in present-day Bryn Mawr in San Bernardino County. These early colonization efforts were followed by the establishment of estancias at Puente (circa 1816) and San Bernardino (circa 1819) near Guachama (Beattie and Beattie 1939). These efforts were soon mirrored by the Spaniards from Mission San Luis Rey, who in turn established a presence in what is now Lake Elsinore, Temecula, and Murrieta (Chapman 1921). The indigenous groups who occupied these lands were recruited by missionaries, converted, and put to work in the missions (Pourade 1961). Throughout this period, the Native American populations were decimated by introduced diseases, a drastic shift in diet resulting in poor nutrition, and social conflicts due to the introduction of an entirely new social order (Cook 1976). Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1822 and became a federal republic in 1824. As a result, both Baja and Alta California were classified as territories (Rolle 1969). Shortly thereafter, the Mexican Republic sought to grant large tracts of private land to its citizens to begin to encourage immigration to California and to establish its presence in the region. Part of the establishment of power and control included the desecularization of the missions circa 1832. These same missions were also located on some of the most fertile land in California and were considered highly valuable as a result. The resulting land grants, known as “ranchos,” covered expansive portions of California and by 1846, more than 600 land grants had been issued by the Mexican government. Rancho Jurupa was the first rancho to be established and was issued to Juan Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project Bandini in 1838. Although Bandini primarily resided in San Diego, Rancho Jurupa was located in what is now Riverside County (Pourade 1963). The treatment of Native Americans grew worse during the Rancho Period. Most of the Native Americans were forced off of their land or put to work on the now privately-owned ranchos, most often as slave labor. In light of the brutal ranchos, the degree to which Native Americans had become dependent upon the mission system is evident when, in 1838, a group of Native Americans from Mission San Luis Rey petitioned government officials in San Diego to relieve suffering at the hands of the rancheros: We have suffered incalculable losses, for some of which we are in part to be blamed for because many of us have abandoned the Mission … We plead and beseech you … to grant us a Rev. Father for this place. We have been accustomed to the Rev. Fathers and to their manner of managing the duties. We labored under their intelligent directions, and we were obedient to the Fathers according to the regulations, because we considered it as good for us. (Brigandi 1998:21) Native American culture had been disrupted to the point where they could no longer rely upon prehistoric subsistence and social patterns. Not only does this illustrate how dependent the Native Americans had become upon the missionaries, but it also indicates a marked contrast in the way the Spanish treated the Native Americans compared to the Mexican and United States ranchers. Spanish colonialism (missions) is based upon utilizing human resources while integrating them into their society. The Mexican and American ranchers did not accept Native Americans into their social order and used them specifically for the extraction of labor, resources, and profit. Rather than being incorporated, they were either subjugated or exterminated (Cook 1976). By 1846, tensions between the United States and Mexico had escalated to the point of war (Rolle 1969). In order to reach a peaceful agreement, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was put into effect in 1848, which resulted in the annexation of California to the United States. Once California opened to the United States, waves of settlers moved in searching for gold mines, business opportunities, political opportunities, religious freedom, and adventure (Rolle 1969; Caughey 1970). By 1850, California had become a state and was eventually divided into 27 separate counties. While a much larger population was now settling in California, this was primarily in the central valley, San Francisco, and the Gold Rush region of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Rolle 1969; Caughey 1970). During this time, southern California grew at a much slower pace than northern California and was still dominated by the cattle industry established during the earlier rancho period. During the same decade, circa 1852, the Native Americans of southern Riverside County, including the Luiseño and the Cahuilla, thought they had signed a treaty resulting in their ownership of all lands from Temecula to Aguanga east to the desert, including the San Jacinto Valley and the San Gorgonio Pass. The Temecula Treaty also included food and clothing 1.0–12 Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–13 provisions for the Native Americans. However, Congress never ratified these treaties, and the promise of one large reservation was rescinded (Brigandi 1998). With the completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1869, southern California saw its first major population expansion. The population boom continued circa 1874 with the completion of connections between the Southern Pacific Railroad in Sacramento to the transcontinental Central Pacific Railroad in Los Angeles (Rolle 1969; Caughey 1970). The population influx brought farmers, land speculators, and prospective developers to the region. By the late 1880s and early 1890s, there was growing discontent between San Bernardino and Riverside, its neighbor 10 miles to the south, due to differences in opinion concerning religion, morality, the Civil War, and politics, as well as fierce competition to attract settlers. After a series of instances in which charges were claimed about unfair use of tax monies to the benefit of only the city of San Bernardino, several people from Riverside decided to investigate the possibility of a new county. In May 1893, voters living within portions of San Bernardino County (to the north) and San Diego County (to the south) approved the formation of Riverside County. Early business opportunities were linked to the agriculture industry, but commerce, construction, manufacturing, transportation, and tourism also provided a healthy local economy. General History of the City of Fontana According to the City of Fontana General Plan Update 2015–2035 (City of Fontana 2018a), the history of the city is primarily divided into four periods or “contexts” identified as “The Four Fontanas.” The four periods are “Rural Pioneer Community: 1850 to 1906; Fontana Farms: 1906 to 1942; Steeltown: 1942 to 1983; and Suburban Bedroom Community: 1983 to 2006” (City of Fontana 2018a). Rural Pioneer Community: 1850 to 1906 In 1869, Andrew Jackson Pope, co-founder of the Pope & Talbot Company, a lumber dealer based out of San Francisco (Ancestry.com 2009a, 2009b; University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections 2018), purchased 3,840 acres of land in San Bernardino County as part of the Land Act of 1820. “During the ensuing years, Andrew Pope and W.C. Talbot acquired other properties in the West, chiefly in California. By 1874, they owned a real estate empire, including almost 80,000 acres of ranch lands” (World Forestry Center 2017). Pope passed away in 1878 amid water rights conflicts between grant owners (himself) and settlers of the lands surrounding his Fontana-area property. As a result of the water rights conflict, in which the United States Supreme Court sided with the grant owners, the Lytle Creek Water Company was formed in 1881. The purpose of the Lytle Creek Water Company was to: [U]nify the interests of appropriators to the stream, to fight the grant owners. These latter had the law on their side, but the settlers had the water, and were holding and using it. An injunction was issued in favor of the grant owners, restraining the settlers from using the water, but it was never enforced. The conflict was a long Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–14 and bitter one. In the meantime, the grant owners, and others operating with them, quietly bought up the stock of the Lytle Creek Water Company, until enough to control it was secured, and sold out these rights to the projectors of the Semi-tropic Land and Water Company, with the riparian lands, which movement seems to have quieted the conflict. (Hall 1888) The Semi-Tropic Land and Water Company was incorporated in 1887. That year, the company platted the settlement of Rosena, but no structures were erected. By 1888, the company had acquired “something more than twenty-eight thousand five hundred acres of land, embracing the channel of Lytle creek for ten miles” (Hall 1888). In 1903, San Bernardino contractor and agriculturist A.B. Miller and “his pioneer Fontana Development Company purchased Rosena, and by 1905 had begun the building of a farming complex that included an assortment of barns, dining rooms, a 200-man bunk house, a kitchen, a company store, as well as the ranch house used by the foreman” (Anicic 1982). Fontana Farms: 1906 to 1942 By 1906, Miller had also taken over the remainder of the Semi-Tropic Land and Water Company assets and created the Fontana Farms Company and the Fontana Land Company. Afterward, Miller oversaw the construction of an irrigation system that utilized the water from Lytle Creek, as well as the planting of “half a million eucalyptus saplings as windbreaks” (Conford 1995). In 1913, the town of Fontana was platted between Foothill Boulevard and the Santa Fe railroad tracks. Much of the land to the south of the townsite was utilized as a hog farm, while the remainder of the Fontana Farms Company land was subdivided into small farms. The smaller “starter farms” were approximately 2.5 acres and the new owner was able to choose between grapevines or walnut trees, all supplied by the Fontana Farms nursery. “By 1930 the Fontana Company had subdivided more than three thousand homesteads, half occupied by full-time settlers, some of them immigrants from Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Italy” (Conford 1995). Steeltown: 1942 to 1983 Kaiser Steel was founded in Fontana in the 1940s and became one of the main producers of steel west of the Mississippi River. The Kaiser Steel Mill was built in response to the United States government’s need for a steel mill and factory on the west coast to construct ships and airplanes following the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 (Sturm et al. 1995). Following World War II, the mill shifted production to can manufacturing, tin plating, and pipe milling (Sturm et al. 1995). To provide for his workers’ health needs, Henry J. Kaiser constructed the Fontana Kaiser Permanente medical facility, which is now the largest managed care organization in the United States. The city of Fontana was incorporated on June 25, 1952, and the Kaiser Steel Mill continued to expand through the 1950s and 1960s. In addition to health care, Kaiser created Kaiser Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–15 Community Homes to address the burgeoning housing needs of post-war America. Within Fontana and neighboring Ontario, Kaiser Community Homes provided affordable residential neighborhoods and housing subdivisions to meet the steel mill workers’ housing needs (City of Fontana 2018a). “Kaiser Steel also worked with the United Steelworkers of America to develop an innovative profit-sharing plan in which labor shared in cost savings resulting from technology and labor productivity improvements” (City of Fontana 2018a). By the late 1970s, the Kaiser Steel Mill had begun to experience a massive downturn in production, which resulted in a 3,000-person layoff (Sturm et al. 1995). Kaiser and their contributions to Fontana and the nation during the mid-twentieth century can be viewed in the context of the “Post-War Building Boom of 1945–1970” (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2012). Kaiser Steel was important to the expansion of development during this period, supplying steel for the construction of buildings throughout the region and nation. However, the mill ultimately closed its doors and ceased production in 1983. In 1984, California Steel Industries (CSI) purchased the southern 380 acres of the 480-acre property and portions of the factory were reopened. A 1995 archaeological survey by LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA) indicates that the property to the north that was not purchased by CSI had been demolished by Hollywood movie explosions throughout the 1980s (Sturm et al. 1995). In the late 1990s, construction of the California Speedway resulted in further damage to original steel mill property (McLean and Monk 1997). Suburban Bedroom Community: 1983 to 2006 With the closing of the steel mill in 1983, residential development became the primary driving factor for economic growth in the Fontana (City of Fontana 2018b). Between 1980 and 1987, Fontana’s population doubled from 35,000 to 70,000, assisted by the Fontana Redevelopment Agency, who provided incentives for housing developers to build within the city (City of Fontana 2018b; Conford 1995). Residential development continued to grow through the 1990s; however, commercial activities in the downtown area declined as new commercial developments near freeways and the new residential areas pulled shopping away from the historic downtown core (City of Fontana 2018b). More recently, the city has since become a transportation hub for trucking due to the number of highways that intersect in the area (Anicic 2005; City of Fontana 2018a). 1.4 Results of the Archaeological Records Search The results of the SCCIC records search (Appendix B) identified 36 resources within a one-mile radius of the project, all of which are historic. A portion of one of the historic resources (Site SBR-4131H) is recorded within the subject property. Site SBR-4131H consists of the historic Kaiser Steel Mill. However, it appears the boundary for Site SBR-4131H was loosely drawn, and although in proximity of the original location of the Kaiser Steel Mill, the project does not appear to have ever contained any elements of the resource. Detailed information about the resource is provided below, and descriptions of all resources identified during the records search are presented Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–16 in Table 1.4−1. • Site SBR-4131H was originally recorded as a Point of Historical Interest in 1975 by Hansberger (1975). As noted in Section 1.3, the Kaiser Steel Mill was created by Henry J. Kaiser as part of the Kaiser Steel Corporation and originally opened in 1942 (Owen 1995). In 1980, the Kaiser Steel Mill was designated SBR-4131H and recorded by Teal (1980) with the San Bernardino County Museum. During the 1970s, steel production in the United States slowed, and the Kaiser Steel Mill closed the following decade in 1983 (Owen 1995). In 1997, LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA) conducted a survey and evaluated portions of the former Kaiser Steel Mill in order to “prepare CEQA level clearance for the demolition of the Kaiser West End property” (McClean et al. 1997). During their survey, LSA identified and documented six historic features associated with the Kaiser Steel Mill, none of which were located on the subject property. Owens (1995) notes: Most of what remains of the former steel mill today is limited to partially or totally demolished concrete structures, remnants of masonry and ceramic brick coke ovens, asphalt roadways, railways, and piles of rubble. California Steel Industries maintains facilities on a portion of the original Kaiser property. Although Kaiser Resources Inc., has an extensive collection of documents and photographs that cover much of the steel mill’s history, they have few material objects from the facility itself. Current uses for the site have included its use as a background in over 70 motion pictures. During the construction of the California Speedway to the north of the subject property, portions of the original Kaiser Steel Mill were evaluated as ineligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1995 (Sturm et al. 1995; Owens 1995). Likewise, the plant’s slag pond area was also evaluated as ineligible for the NRHP in 1995 (Owens 1995). Additionally, the following decade, CRM Tech determined in an update to Site SBR 4131H: all major components of the former Kaiser Steel Mill, including the 155- mm shell plant recorded in 1997, have been demolished to make way for the conversion of the property into the California Speedway in the 1990s. For all practical purposes, therefore, Site 36-004131 no longer exists today. (Ballester 2008) At present, the Kaiser Steel Mill is listed in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) as a Point of Historical Interest and is listed in the Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) Built Environment Resource Directory (BERD). Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–17 Table 1.4–1 Cultural Resources Recorded Within One Mile of the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project Site(s) Description SBR-4131H* Historic Kaiser Steel Mill SBR-7426H and SBR-10,330H Historic railroad alignment SBR-7795H 36-020012, P-36-020013, P-36-020014, P-36- 020015, P-36-020016, P-36-020017, P-36- 020018, P-36-020019, P-36-020020, P-36- 020021, P-36-020022, P-36-020023, P-36- 020024, P-36-020025, P-36-020026, P-36- 020027, P-36-020028, P-36-020029, P-36- 020030, P-36-020031, P-36-023214, P-36- Historic single-family property P-36-034669 *Recorded within the project. The SCCIC records search results also identified 23 previous studies within one mile of the project, one of which overlaps the subject property (Owens 1995). The Owens (1995) study was a large-scale overview for the San Savaine Redevelopment Project that did not directly address the subject property. Nevertheless, Owens (1995) discussed in depth the evaluation history of the Kaiser Steel Mill and the resource’s importance to Fontana history. Owens (1995) noted that previous evaluations, which designated the steel mill as ineligible for the NRHP, were possibly skewed by not evaluating the site as a whole. Nevertheless, Owens (1995) concludes: [W]hile the Kaiser Steel Plant is an important cultural resource for the time period, associations, and accomplishments it represents, sites such as these, which contain hazardous wastes, and dangerous and dilapidated equipment and structures, pose an unwanted health threat and eye sore to the community. This particular site is perhaps better preserved through documentation or through the creation of a Kaiser memorial collection displayed at a museum or other appropriate facility within the County. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–18 BFSA also reviewed the following sources to facilitate a better understanding of the historic use of the property: •The NRHP Index •The OHP, Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility •The OHP, BERD •Bureau of Land Management (BLM) General Land Office (GLO) Records •The 1896, 1898, 1901, and 1942 San Bernardino (15-minute) series topographic maps •The 1943, 1953 and 1967 Fontana (7.5-minute) series topographic maps •Historic aerial photographs (1933 to 2025) A review of historic aerial photographs and topographic maps demonstrates that although the subject property has been recorded as part of the Kaiser Steel Mill, the project does not appear to have ever contained any elements of the resource. The 1933 and 1938 historic aerial photographs illustrate that the entire project previously consisted of agricultural fields. The Kaiser Steel Mill originally opened in 1942, and historic aerial photographs from 1948 show the facility in operation to the north of the project. Nevertheless, the subject property was not part of the steel mill. Rather, the 1948 aerial photograph depicts the property as a gravel pit, and it is listed as such on the (7.5- minute) topographic maps. Based on the aerial photographs, it appears the gravel pit ceased operation by 1966. The 1977 and 1985 historic aerial photographs illustrate the subject property as vacant. By 1994, the southeast corner of the property appears to have been utilized as a staging or storage area, with this use expanding throughout the entire property by 2002. At present, the property appears to primarily be utilized for the storage of precast concrete infrastructure materials tied to Jensen Infrastructure, which operates a production facility directly to the north. The review of historic aerial photographs demonstrates that no features of the Kaiser Steel Mill have ever been present within the subject property. 1.4.1 Sacred Lands File Search BFSA also requested a SLF search from the NAHC. The NAHC SLF search results are negative for the presence of any recorded Native American sacred sites or locations of religious or ceremonial importance within one mile of the project. This request is not part of any Assembly Bill (AB) 52 Native American consultation. Additional outreach will be conducted during AB 52 consultation. All correspondence is in Appendix C. 1.5 Applicable Regulations Resource importance is assigned to districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess exceptional value or quality illustrating or interpreting the heritage of San Bernardino County in history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture. A number of criteria are used in demonstrating resource importance. Criteria outlined in CEQA provide guidance for making such a determination. The following sections detail the criteria that a resource must meet Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–19 in order to be determined important. 1.5.1 California Environmental Quality Act According to CEQA (§ 15064.5a), the term “historical resource” includes the following: 1) A resource listed in or determined to be eligible by the State Historical Resources Commission for listing in the CRHR (Public Resources Code SS5024.1, Title 14 CCR. Section 4850 et seq.). 2) A resource included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in Section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or identified as significant in an historical resource survey meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, shall be presumed to be historically or culturally significant. Public agencies must treat any such resource as significant unless the preponderance of evidence demonstrates that it is not historically or culturally significant. 3) Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript, which a lead agency determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California may be considered to be an historical resource, provided the lead agency’s determination is supported by substantial evidence in light of the whole record. Generally, a resource shall be considered by the lead agency to be “historically significant” if the resource meets the criteria for listing on the CRHR (Public Resources Code SS5024.1, Title 14, Section 4852) including the following: a) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage; b) Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past; c) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or d) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. 4) The fact that a resource is not listed in, or determined eligible for listing in the CRHR, not included in a local register of historical resources (pursuant to Section 5020.1[k] of the Public Resources Code), or identified in an historical resources survey (meeting the criteria in Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code) does not preclude a lead agency from determining that the resource may be an historical resource as defined in Public Resources Code Section 5020.1(j) or 5024.1. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–20 According to CEQA (§ 15064.5b), a project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect upon the environment. CEQA defines a substantial adverse change as: 1) Substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource means physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of an historical resource would be materially impaired. 2) The significance of an historical resource is materially impaired when a project: a) Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of an historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for inclusion in the CRHR; or b) Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics that account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources pursuant to Section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or its identification in an historical resources survey meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of evidence that the resource is not historically or culturally significant; or, c) Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of an historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for inclusion in the CRHR as determined by a lead agency for purposes of CEQA. Section 15064.5(c) of CEQA applies to effects upon archaeological sites and contains the following additional provisions regarding archaeological sites: 1) When a project impacts an archaeological site, a lead agency shall first determine whether the site is an historical resource, as defined in subsection (a). 2) If a lead agency determines that the archaeological site is an historical resource, it shall refer to the provisions of Section 21084.1 of the Public Resources Code, Section 15126.4 of the guidelines, and the limits contained in Section 21083.2 of the Public Resources Code do not apply. 3) If an archaeological site does not meet the criteria defined in subsection (a) but does meet the definition of a unique archaeological resource in Section 21083.2 of the Public Resources Code, the site shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of Section 21083.2. The time and cost limitations described in Public Resources Code Section 21083.2 (c-f) do not apply to surveys and site evaluation activities intended to determine whether the project location contains unique archaeological resources. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 1.0–21 4) If an archaeological resource is neither a unique archaeological nor historical resource, the effects of the project upon those resources shall not be considered a significant effect upon the environment. It shall be sufficient that both the resource and the effect on it are noted in the Initial Study or Environmental Impact Report, if one is prepared to address impacts upon other resources, but they need not be considered further in the CEQA process. Sections 15064.5(d) and 15064.5(e) contain additional provisions regarding human remains. Regarding Native American human remains, paragraph (d) states: (d) When an Initial Study identifies the existence of, or the probable likelihood of, Native American human remains within the project, a lead agency shall work with the appropriate Native Americans as identified by the NAHC as provided in Public Resources Code SS5097.98. The applicant may develop an agreement for treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and any items associated with Native American burials with the appropriate Native Americans as identified by the NAHC. Action implementing such an agreement is exempt from: 1) The general prohibition on disinterring, disturbing, or removing human remains from any location other than a dedicated cemetery (Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5). 2) The requirements of CEQA and the Coastal Act. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 2.0–1 2.0 RESEARCH DESIGN The primary goal of the research design is to attempt to understand the way in which humans have used the land and resources within the project through time, as well as to aid in the determination of resource significance. For the current project, the study area under investigation is the city of Fontana in the southwest portion of San Bernardino County. The scope of work for the cultural resources study conducted for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project included a survey of the 9.49-acre study area (APN 0234-061-04). Given the area involved and the presence of archaeological sites within the project vicinity, the research design for this project was focused upon realistic study options. Since the main objective of the investigation was to identify the presence of and potential impacts to cultural resources, the goal was not necessarily to answer wide-reaching theories regarding the development of early southern California, but to investigate the role and importance of identified resources. Nevertheless, an assessment of the significance of a resource must take into consideration a variety of factors, as well as the ability of a resource to address regional research topics and issues. Although elementary resource evaluation programs are limited in terms of the amount of information available, several specific research questions were developed that could be used to guide an initial investigation of any observed cultural resources. The following research questions consider the small size and location of the project discussed above. Research Questions: • Can located cultural resources be associated with a specific time period, population, or individual? • Do the types of any located cultural resources allow a site activity/function to be determined from a preliminary investigation? What are the site activities? What is the site function? What resources were exploited? • How do located sites compare to others reported from different surveys conducted in the area? • How do located sites fit existing models of settlement and subsistence for mountainous environments of the region? Data Needs At the survey level, the principal research objective is a generalized investigation of changing settlement patterns in both the prehistoric and historic periods within the study area. The overall goal is to understand settlement and resource procurement patterns of the project occupants. Therefore, adequate information on site function, context, and chronology from an archaeological perspective is essential for the investigation. The fieldwork and archival research were undertaken with the following primary research goals in mind: Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 2.0–2 1) To identify cultural resources occurring within the project; 2) To determine, if possible, site type and function, context of the resource(s), and chronological placement of each cultural resource identified; 3) To place each cultural resource identified within a regional perspective; and 4) To provide recommendations for the treatment of each cultural resource identified. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 3.0–1 3.0 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT EFFECTS The cultural resources study of the project consisted of an institutional records search, archival research, an intensive cultural resource survey of the entire 9.49-acre study area, and the preparation of this technical report. This study was conducted in conformance with City of Fontana environmental requirements, Section 21083.2 of the California Public Resources Code, and CEQA. Statutory requirements of CEQA (Section 15064.5) were followed for the identification and evaluation of resources. Specific definitions for archaeological resource type(s) used in this report are those established by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO 1995). 3.1 Survey Methods The survey methodology employed during the current investigation followed standard archaeological field procedures and was sufficient to accomplish a thorough assessment of the entire project. The field methodology employed for the project included walking evenly spaced survey transects set approximately 15 to 20 meters apart while visually inspecting the ground surface. All potentially sensitive areas where cultural resources might be located were closely inspected. Photographs documenting survey areas and overall survey conditions were frequently taken. 3.2 Results of the Field Survey Principal Investigator Tracy A. Stropes, M.A., RPA, directed the archaeological survey of the project with assistance from BFSA archaeologist Mary Chitjian on August 5, 2025. The archaeological study included an intensive reconnaissance survey, consisting of a series of transects conducted across the entire project. The survey found the property currently being utilized for the storage of precast concrete infrastructure materials, trailers, and other associated equipment (Plates 3.2–1 to 3.2–4). Ground visibility was hindered at times by the materials stored in the project; however, it is clear the subject property has been previously graded. Between areas of stored materials, maintained dirt access roads traverse throughout the property, and open areas are either covered in concrete or gravel. Vegetation within the property is comprised of non-native weeds and grasses and maintained commercial landscaping. The survey did not identify any cultural resources within the subject property. Additionally, although the Kaiser Steel Mill (Site SBR-4131H) was previously mapped by the SCCIC as including the property, no features of the mill were identified within the project. Further, it appears that no elements of the resource have ever been present on the property. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 3.0–2 Plate 3.2–1: Overview of the project, facing southeast. Plate 3.2–2: Overview of the project, facing west. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 3.0–3 Plate 3.2–3: Overview of the project, facing southwest. Plate 3.2–4: Overview of the project, facing northwest. Cultural Resources Study for Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 4.0–1 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The proposed development of the property will not adversely impact any cultural resources. No cultural resources were identified during the survey. Although the records search identified Site SBR-4131H within the property, a review of historic aerial photographs demonstrates that the project was historically used for agriculture and as a gravel pit before its current use as a storage yard. As no features associated with the Kaiser Steel Mill were identified during the review of historic sources or the pedestrian survey, the project does not appear to have ever contained any elements of Site SBR-4131H. Further, the survey determined that the subject property has been previously impacted through its use as a gravel pit, as well as cleared and graded. This characterization of the property as disturbed is relevant to the consideration of cultural resources being present within the project. Given the previous ground-disturbing activites and the survey results, there is little to no potential for archaeological resources to be encountered by the proposed project. As such, archaeological monitoring of grading is not recommended based upon the findings of this cultural resources assessment. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 5.0–1 5.0 LIST OF PREPARERS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONTACTED The archaeological survey program for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project was directed by Principal Investigator Tracy A. Stropes, M.A., RPA. BFSA archaeologist Mary Chitjian conducted the archaeological fieldwork. The report text was prepared by Kathleen Krogh and Tracy Stropes. Kathleen Krogh also prepared the report graphics. Technical editing and report production was conducted by Payton Swanson. The archaeological records search was conducted at the SCCIC at CSU Fullerton by Emily Soong. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 6.0–1 6.0 CERTIFICATION I hereby certify that the statements furnished above and in the attached exhibits present the data and information required for this archaeological report, and that the facts, statements, and information presented are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. October 20, 2025 Tracy A. Stropes, M.A., RPA Date Principal Investigator Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 7.0–1 7.0 REFERENCES CITED Ancestry.com 2009a 1860 United States Federal Census (database online). Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2009b 1870 United States Federal Census (database online). Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Anicic, John Charles, Jr. 1982 National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form, Fontana Farms Company Ranch House, Camp #1 (Pepper Street House). Fontana Historical Society. Form on file at the United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service. 2005 Images of America: Fontana. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina; Chicago, Illinois; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; and San Francisco, California. Antevs, Ernst 1953 The Postpluvial or the Neothermal. University of California Archaeological Survey Reports 22:9–23, Berkeley, California. Ballester, Daniel 2008 Site Record Form Update for SBR-4131H. Form on file at the South Central Coastal Information Center at California State University, Fullerton, California. Bean, Lowell John and Charles R. Smith 1978 Serrano. In California, edited by R.F. Heizer, pp. 570-574. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8. William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Bean, Lowell John and Florence C. Shipek 1978 Luiseño. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 550-563. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8. William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Beattie, George W. and Helen P. Beattie 1951 Heritage of the Valley: San Bernardino’s First Century. Biobooks, Oakland, California. Benedict, Ruth Fulton 1924 A Brief Sketch of Serrano Culture. American Anthropologist 26(3). Brigandi, Phil 1998 Temecula: At the Crossroads of History. Heritage Media Corporation, Encinitas, Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 7.0–2 California. Caughey, John W. 1970 California: A Remarkable State's Life History. 3rd ed. Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Chapman, Charles E. 1921 A History of California: The Spanish Period. The Macmillan Company, New York. City of Fontana 2018a Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015–2035. Approved and Adopted by City Council November 13, 2018. Electronic document, https://www.fontana.org/ DocumentCenter/View/28271/Complete-Document---Approved-General-Plan- Documents-11-13-2018, accessed June 29, 2021. 2018b Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015–2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report (State Clearinghouse #2016021099). Electronic document, https://www.fontana.org/ DocumentCenter/View/29524/Draft-Environmental-Impact-Report-for-the-General- Plan-Update, accessed June 29, 2021. Conford, Danial (editor) 1995 Working People of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Oxford, California. Cook, Sherburne F. 1976 The Conflict Between the California Indian and White Civilization. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. Curray, Joseph R. 1965 Late Quaternary History: Continental Shelves of the United States. In Quaternary of the United States, edited by H.E. Wright Jr. and D.G. Frey, pp. 723–735. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Drucker, Philip 1937 Culture Element Distributions: V. Southern California. Anthropological Records 1(1):1-52. University of California, Berkeley. Engelhardt, Zephyrin 1921 San Luis Rey Mission, The King of the Missions. James M. Barry Company, San Francisco, California. Erlandson, John M. and Roger H. Colten (editors) 1991 An Archaeological Context for Archaeological Sites on the California Coast. In Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by J.M. Erlandson and R.H. Colten. Perspectives in California Archaeology, Volume 1, Institute of Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 7.0–3 Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Fagan, Brian M. 1991 Ancient North America: The Archaeology of a Continent. Thames and Hudson, London. Gallegos, Dennis 1985 A Review and Synthesis of Environmental and Cultural Material for the Batiquitos Lagoon Region. In San Diego State University Cultural Resource Management Casual Papers 2(1). 2002 Southern California in Transition: Late Holocene Occupation of Southern San Diego County. In Catalysts to Complexity: Late Holocene Societies of the California Coast, edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Terry Jones. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Hall, William Hammond 1888 The Field, Water-Supply, and Works, Organization and Operation in San Diego, San Bernardino, and Los Angeles Counties: The Second Part of the Report of the State Engineer of California on Irrigation and the Irrigation Question. State Office, J.D. Young, Supt. State Printing, Sacramento. Hansberger, Dennis 1975 Point of Historical Interest Form for SBR-4131H. Form on file at the South Central Coastal Information Center at California State University, Fullerton, California. 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Martin, Paul S. 1967 Prehistoric Overkill. In Pleistocene Extinctions: The Search for a Cause, edited by Paul S. Martin and H.E. Wright. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. 1973 The Discovery of America. Science 179(4077):969-974. Masters, Patricia M. 1983 Detection and Assessment of Prehistoric Artifact Sites off the Coast of Southern California. In Quaternary Coastlines and Marine Archaeology: Towards the Prehistory of Land Bridges and Continental Shelves, edited by Patricia M. Masters and Nicholas C. Fleming, pp. 189-213. Academic Press, London. McLean, Deborah and Jani Monk 1997 Cultural Resource Assessment of the Kaiser West End Project, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, CA. 12+PP. LSA. Unpublished report on file at the South Central Coastal Information Center at California State University, Fullerton. McClean, Deborah, Steve Conkling, Jani Monk and Judy Berryman 1997 Site Record Form Update for SBR-4131H. Form on file at the South Central Coastal Information Center at California State University, Fullerton, California. Moratto, Michael J. 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, New York. Morton, D.M. 2003 Preliminary geologic Map of the Fontana 7.5' Quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California, Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-418, scale 1:24,000. Moss, Madonna L. and Jon M. Erlandson 1995 Reflections on North American Pacific Coast Prehistory. Journal of World Prehistory 9(1):1-46. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2012 A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War II Housing. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) 2019 Web Soil Survey. Electronic database, https://nrcs.usda.gov, accessed May 3, 2023. Owen, Shelley Marie 1995 Cultural Resources Record Search and Management Plan for the San Sevaine Redevelopment Project Area San Bernardino County California. EIP Associates. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 7.0–5 Unpublished report on file with the South Central Coastal Information Center at California State University, Fullerton, California. Pourade, Richard F. 1961 Time of the Bells. The History of San Diego Volume 2. Union-Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego, California. 1963 The Silver Dons. In The History of San Diego (Volume 3). Union-Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego, California. Reddy, Seetha 2000 Settling the Highlands: Late Holocene Highland Adaptations on Camp Pendleton, San Diego County California. Prepared for the Army Corps of Engineers by ASM Affiliates. Unpublished report on file at South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Rogers, Malcolm J. 1929 Field Notes, 1929 San Diego-Smithsonian Expedition. Manuscript on file at San Diego Museum of Man. Rolle, Andrew F. 1969 California: A History. 2nd ed. Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York. State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) 1995 Instructions for Recording Historical Resources. Office of Historic Preservation, Sacramento, California. Strong, William Duncan 1971 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. Reprint of 1929 Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology No. 26, University of California, Berkeley. Sturm, Bradley L., Jani Monk, and Ivan H. Strudwick 1995 Cultural Resources Survey and National Register Assessment of the Kaiser Steel Mill for the California Speedway Project, Fontana, California. LSA Associates Inc. Unpublished report on file with the South Central Coastal Information Center at California State University, Fullerton, California. Teal, G. 1980 Site Record Form for SBR-4131H (Kaiser Steel). Form on file with the South Central Coastal Information Center at California State University, Fullerton, California. University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections 2018 Pope & Talbot records, circa 1849-1975. Electronic file, http://archiveswest.orbis cascade.org/ark:/80444/xv14450/pdf, accessed February 26, 2019. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project 7.0–6 Van Devender, T.R. and W.G. Spaulding 1979 Development of Vegetation and Climate in the Southwestern United States. Science 204:701–710. Warren, Claude N. 1984 The Desert Region. In California Archaeology, edited by Michael J. Moratto, pp. 339- 430. Academic Press, Orlando. Warren, Claude N. and M.G. Pavesic 1963 Shell Midden Analysis of Site SDI-603 and Ecological Implications for Cultural Development of Batequitos Lagoon, San Diego County, Los Angeles. University of California, Los Angeles, Archaeological Survey Annual Report, 1960-1961:246–338. World Forestry Center 2017 Andrew Jackson Pope. Electronic document, https://www.worldforestry.org/wp- content/uploads/2016/03/POPE-ANDREW-JACKSON.pdf, accessed February 2019. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project APPENDIX A Qualifications of Key Personnel Tracy A. Stropes, MA, RPA Vice President of Cultural Resources/ Principal Archaeologist BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company 14010 Poway Road  Suite A  Phone: (858) 484-0915 Email: tstropes@bfsa.perennialenv.com Education Master of Arts, Anthropology, San Diego State University, California 2007 Bachelor of Science, Anthropology, University of California, Riverside 2000 Professional Memberships Register of Professional Archaeologists Society for California Archaeology Archaeological Institute of America Association of Oregon Archaeologists Experience Vice President of Cultural Resources/Principal Archaeologist March 2009–Present BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company Poway, California Tracy A. Stropes has over 33 years of experience in cultural resource management, with experience in project management, report authorship, lithic analysis, laboratory management, Native American consultation, and technical report editing for numerous projects throughout the western United States. Mr. Stropes has conducted cultural resource surveys, archaeological site testing and evaluations for National Register eligibility and CEQA compliance, mitigation of resources through data recovery for archaeological sites, budget and report preparation, and direction of crews of all sizes for projects ranging in duration from a single-day site visit to multiple years. Mr. Stropes is a Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA) and is on the list of archaeological consultants qualified to conduct archaeological investigations in the city and county of San Diego, county of Riverside, State of Oregon, State of Arizona, and on Arizona and California BLM lands. He has served as project archaeologist for hundreds of projects and composed data recovery and preservation programs for sites throughout the western United States for both CEQA- and NEPA-level compliance. Archaeological Principal Investigator June 2008–February 2009 TRC Solutions Irvine, California Cultural resource segment of Natural Sciences and Permitting Division; management of archaeological investigations for private companies and local, state, and federal agencies, personnel management, field and laboratory supervision, lithic analysis, Native American consultation and reporting, NRHP and CEQA site evaluations, and authoring/coauthoring cultural resource management reports. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 2 Principal Investigator and Project Archaeologist June 2006–May 2008 Archaeological Resource Analysts Oceanside, California As a sub consultant, served as Principal Investigator and Project Archaeologist for several projects for SRS Inc., including field direction, project and personnel management, lab analysis, and authorship of company reports. Project Archaeologist September 1996–June 2006 Gallegos & Associates Carlsbad, California Project management, laboratory management, lithic analysis, field direction, Native American consultation, report authorship/technical editing, and composition of several data recovery/preservation programs for both CEQA and NEPA level compliance. Project Archaeologist September 1993–September 1996 Macko Inc. Santa Ana, California Project management, laboratory management, lithic analysis, field supervision, and report authorship/technical editing. Archaeological Field Technician January 1993–September 1993 Chambers Group Inc. Irvine, California Archaeological excavation, surveying, monitoring, wet screen facilities management, and project logistics. Archaeological Field Technician May 1992–September 1992 John Minch and Associates San Juan Capistrano, California Archaeological excavation, surveying, monitoring, wet screen facilities management, and project logistics. Selected Reports/Papers Principal Author 2023 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resource Study for the Oak Creek Canyon Project, City of Wildomar, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Ambient Pacific OCC, LLC. 2023 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resource Study for The Questhaven 76 Project, San Diego County, California (APNs 223-070-007, 223-070-008, and 223-080-046). Prepared for ColRich. 2023 A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Bermuda Dunes Self Storage Project, PAR220053, Riverside County, California. Prepared for FAMA Dairy. 2023 A Cultural Resources Study for 4846 Pacifica Drive, City of San Diego. Prepared for Colliers International. 2023 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historical Resources Study for the Maison’s Sierra Project, City of Lancaster, California (Tract No. 27099). Prepared for Ravello Holdings, Inc. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 3 2023 Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation Program for the Omni Hotel Driving Range/Parking Lot Project, City of Carlsbad, California. Prepared for TRT Holdings, Inc. 2022 A Class III Historic Resources Study for the Anna Avenue Project for Section 106 Compliance, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for John Smith Earthworks, Inc. 2022 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resource Study for the Grand Avenue Project, Riverside County, California (APN 379-060-005). Prepared for TriPointe Homes 2022 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for the Boulder Springs North Project, Riverside County, California (TTMs 31243, 31244, and 31245; APNs 321-020-027, -028, -029, and -030 and 321- 130-047 and -048). Prepared for KB Home. 2022 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historical Resources Study for the Alpine Rancho Palo Verde Project, San Diego County, California (SPL-219-00698-CJA). Prepared for Schindler Real Estate Services, Inc. 2022 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resource Study for the Cumming Ranch Project, San Diego County, California (APNs 282-010-08, -30, -34, and -43; 283-011-06; 283-021-01 and -02; 283-022-02; 283-041- 25 and -26; and 283-051-01). Prepared for 805 Properties. 2021 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for the Gatchell Road Project, San Diego County, California (Project No. 100203). Prepared for the National Park Service. 2021 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for Site CA-SDI-11,934/H, San Diego County, California (APN 532-520-15). Prepared for the National Park Service. 2021 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historical Resources Study for the Renaissance Ranch Project, Riverside County, California (SPL-2004-01431-JPL). Prepared for Richland Developers, Inc. 2021 A Phase I Cultural Resource Survey for the Coppel Remodel & Addition Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Marengo Morton Architects, Inc. 2021 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for CAB-20-1, San Diego County, California (APN 532-520-15). Prepared for the National Park Service. 2021 Cultural Resources Study for 7951 Paseo Del Ocaso, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Aidlin Darling Design. 2021 Cultural Resources Study for the Secret Hills Ranch Project, San Diego County, California (PDS2020- LDGRMJ-30253, APN 520-060-18) 2021 Cultural Resources Study for the UCLA Cedar Suites and Willow Creek Staff Housing Project, Lake Arrowhead, San Bernardino County, California. Prepared for T&B Planning, Inc. 2021 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for CA-SDI-13,884, San Diego County, California (APN 532-520-13). Prepared for the National Park Service. 2021 A Cultural Resources Study for the UCLA Glamping Facility Project, Lake Arrowhead, San Bernardino County, California. Prepared for UCLA Capital Programs. 2021 Archaeological Test Results for 2596 Chalcedony Street, San Diego, California. Prepared for Colliers International. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 4 2021 Cultural Resources Study for the 12247 Elliott Avenue Project, Los Angeles County, California. Prepared for EPD Solutions. 2021 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for the Roquet Ranch Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California (Tentative Tract Map No. 19983; APNs 116-701-101, -102, 116-702-101, -105, -121, -122, -123, and 116-703-118). Prepared for Sunmeadows, LLC. 2020 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historical Resources Study for the Ocean Breeze Ranch Project, Bonsall, San Diego County, California (SPL-2020-00176). Prepared for Ocean Breeze Ranch, LLC. 2020 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Encinitas Beach Hotel Project, Encinitas, California. Prepared for JMI Realty, LLC 2020 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for the Pacifica Estates Project, Fallbrook, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Jose Islas. 2020 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for the Hidden Valley Ranch Project, SPL-2004- 01124, City of Poway, California. Prepared for Barbara Malone. 2020 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resource Study for The Farms in Poway Project, Poway, San Diego County, California (APNs 273-110-070, -080, and -180). Prepared for Kevin McNamara. 2020 A Phase I and II Cultural Resources Assessment for the Hansen Lot Split Project, TPM 37655, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Forest Hansen. 2020 Cultural Resources Study for the West Coast Cold Storage Project, City of Jurupa Valley, County of Riverside (APNs 178-140-010 and -018). Prepared for 2020 Cultural Resources Study for the 340 East Bradley Avenue Project, San Diego County, California (PDS2021-LDGRMJ-30346). Prepared for A N1-Mart, LLC. 2019 Archaeological Monitoring Report for the Atwell Phase 1A Project (formerly Butterfield Specific Plan), City of Banning, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Pardee Homes. 2019 A Cultural Resource Assessment for the Glen Circle Project, Poway, California. Prepared for MDD Homes. 2019 Cultural Resources Survey for the Highlands at Warner Springs and Off-Site Fire Access Road Project, Warner Springs, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Warner Springs Estates, LLC. 2019 A Cultural Resources Assessment for the 8801 East Marginal Way Project, City of Tukwila, King County, Washington. Prepared for CenterPoint Properties Trust. 2019 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the 7980 Park Village Road Emergency Repair Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for Orion Construction Corporation. 2019 Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program for the Harmony Grove Village, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Lennar – San Diego Division. 2019 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Price-Cohen Residence Project, 2045 Lowry Place, La Jolla, California 92037. Prepared for Lena Price and Thomas Cohen. 2019 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for the Melrose Drive Widening Project, City of Oceanside, California. Prepared for California West Communities. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 5 2019 A Cultural Resources Study for the Majestic Chino Heritage Project, City of Chino, San Bernardino County, California. Prepared for T&B Planning, Inc. 2019 Cultural Resources Study for the Ocean Breeze Ranch Project, Bonsall, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Ocean Breeze Ranch, LLC. 2019 Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program for the Arthofer Residence Project, 1890 Viking Way, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Frank and Sharon Arthofer. 2019 A Phase I and II Cultural Resources Assessment for the Greentree Ranch Project, Riverside County, California. Prepared for T&B Planning, Inc. 2018 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for the Escondido Country Club Project, SPL-2018- 00135-CJA, City of Escondido, California. Prepared for New Urban West, Inc. 2018 A Phase I Cultural Resources Study for the North County Plaza Project, Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Planning Systems, Inc. 2018 Cultural Resources Addendum Report for the Ivey Palms Project, Thousand Palms, Riverside, California. Prepared for T&B Planning, Inc. 2017 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Altman Residence Project, 9696 La Jolla Farms Road, La Jolla, California 92037. Prepared for Steve and Lisa Altman. 2017 Cultural Resources Study for the Escondido Country Club Project, City of Escondido, California. Prepared for New Urban West, Inc. 2017 A Class III Archaeological Study for the Tract 28859 Project for Section 106 Compliance. Prepared for Menifee 28859, LLC. 2016 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for the Lake Ranch Project, TR 36730, Riverside County, California. 2016 Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program for the Imperial Beach Bikeway Village Project, 536 13th Street and 535 Florence Street, Imperial Beach, California. Prepared for Bikeway Village, LLC. 2015 Cultural Resource Data Recovery and Mitigation Monitoring Program for Site SDI-10,237 Locus F, Everly Subdivision Project, El Cajon, California. Prepared for Shea Homes. 2015 A Class III Historic Resource Study for the Miramar Clearwell Improvements Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for Global Environmental Permitting, Inc. 2015 A Class III Historic Resource Study for the College Boulevard Project, Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Bent West, LLC. 2015 A Class III Archaeological Study for the Parkside Project for Section 106 Compliance, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Lennar Corporation. 2015 A Cultural Resource Assessment for the Zhao Residence Project, Poway, California (275-240-66). Prepared for Pacific Sotheby’s International Realty. 2014 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Utah Trail Project, County of San Bernardino, California (APNs 621-281-22 through 621-281-25). Prepared for Ecos Energy, LLC. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 6 2014 Phase I Archaeological Assessment for the Sky Canyon Project (PP25309), Riverside County, California. Prepared for Rocky Snider California Project Management Office. 2014 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Shoshone Valley Road Project, County of San Bernardino, California (APNs 613-233-01, -02, -03, -04, -27, -28, -29, and -30). Prepared for Ecos Energy, LLC. 2014 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Nuevo 055 Project, Community of Nuevo, County of Riverside. Prepared for Ecos Energy, LLC. 2014 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Bourgeoios Project, Poway, California. Prepared for Bill Yen & Associates, Inc. 2014 A Cultural Resources Survey for the Aliso Canyon Major Subdivision Project, Rancho Santa Fe, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Zephyr Partners. 2014 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Sewer Group 723 Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for Ortiz Corporation. 2013 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Rogers Tierra Bonita Project, Poway, California. Prepared for John D. Fitch & Associates. 2013 A Cultural Resource Assessment Update for the Girard Townhome Project, TR 35477, Riverside County, California. Prepared for G8 Development, Inc. 2013 Phase I Archaeological Assessment for the Ridge Park Project, City of Temecula, California. Prepared for Ambient Communities. 2013 A Phase I and Phase II Cultural Resource Study for the Citrus Heights/Fairway Drive Project, Riverside County, California. Prepared for CV Communities. 2013 Phase I Archaeological Assessment for the Bixby Highgrove Project (TTM 36437), Riverside County, California. Prepared for T&B Planning, Inc. 2013 A Class III Cultural Resources Study for the Ramona Ranch Affordable Housing Project for Section 106 Compliance, San Diego County, California. Prepared for AMCAL Multi-Housing, Inc. 2013 Phase I Archaeological Assessment for the Yates Road Project (TTM 36437), Riverside County, California. Prepared for CV Communities, LLC. 2013 A Cultural Resources Survey and Evaluation Program for the Warner Ranch Project, San Diego County, California. Prepared for HP Warner Ranch, LP. 2013 A Phase I Cultural Resource Assessment for TPM 36585, Riverside County, California. Prepared for GF Real Estate Services. 2013 A Class III Cultural Resources Study for TR 31597 and TR 32627, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Standard Pacific Homes. 2013 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Sunny Cal Project, City of Beaumont, County of Riverside. Prepared for CV Communities, LLC. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 7 2013 A Class III Cultural Resources Study for The Sierra Bella Project for Section 106 Compliance, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Forestar Corona, LLC. 2013 A Class III Cultural Resources Study for the Moosa Creek Mitigation Bank Project. Prepared for a Creek LLC. 2013 Archaeological Survey of the Rohmiller Residence for a Bulletin 560 Permit Application, 2350 Calle De La Garza, La Jolla, California 92037 (APN 346-180-22). Prepared for Architect Mark D. Lyon, Inc. 2013 Cultural Resources Survey and Evaluation Program for the Oak Creek Project, City of Escondido, California. Prepared for New Urban West, Inc. 2013 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Hope Harbor Project, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Medhat Rofael. 2013 Archaeological Survey of the Liske Residence, La Jolla, California. Prepared for ECEGC Inc. 2013 An Updated Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for Tentative Tract Maps Nos. 36484 and 36485, Audie Murphy Ranch. Prepared for Brookfield Residential. 2013 A Phase I Cultural Resources Study For the 401 West Ash Street Project San Diego, California. Prepared for PierPoint Legacy Holdings, LLC. 2013 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the Ten on Columbia Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for InDev, Inc. 2013 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Washington Avenue Project, City of Murrieta, California. Prepared for Coastal Land Solutions. 2012 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Wildomar 23 Project, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Lennar. 2012 A Class III Cultural Resources Study for the USGS Creepmeter Project. Prepared for Bureau of Land Management, El Centro Office. 2012 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the for the Johnston Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Heather Johnston. 2012 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Howell Residence Project, Poway, California. Prepared for Cal Howell. 2012 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Sewer and Water Group 799 Project. Prepared for Burtech Pipeline. 2012 A Phase I Cultural Resources Study For the Villa Hermosa Project San Diego, California. Prepared for David Chow. 2012 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Payan Property Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for Landmark Engineering. 2012 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the El Camino Real Widening Project, Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Planning Systems. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 8 2012 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Encore Trust Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Metcalf Development and Consulting. 2012 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Andres Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Engineering Design Group. 2012 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Diamond Springs Project, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Benjamin J. Stables III, B 3 Consulting. 2012 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the ActivCare at Mission Bay Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for ActivCare Living, Inc. 2012 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the Water Group 790 Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for Orion Construction Corporation. 2012 Results of the Mitigation Monitoring Program for the Mission Brewery Villas Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for Eilar Associates, Inc. 2012 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Gatto Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Marengo Morton Architects Inc. 2012 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Sunset Cliffs Trunk Sewer Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for KTA Construction. 2012 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the Sewer Group 682M Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for BRH Garver. 2012 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Pelberg Residence Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for Linda and Art Pelberg. 2012 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Rose Creek Bikeway Bridge Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for Flatiron West, Inc. 2011 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the South Mission Valley Trunk Sewer Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for HPS Mechanical, Inc. 2011 A Class III Cultural Resources Study for the La Dama de Oro Project, San Bernardino County, California. Prepared for Mohave Gold Mining & Exploration, Inc. 2011 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the Jacobs Health Care Facility Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for Jacobs Health Care, LLC. 2011 A Phase I Cultural Resources Study For the Rowland Auto Dismantling Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for David Rowland. 2011 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Dye Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Eric Dye. 2011 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Santa Rosa Academy Project, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Santa Rosa Academy Charter School c/o Bradley Burke Competitive Edge Development, LLC. 2011 Cultural Resource Data Recovery Study for SDI-4606 Locus B for Saint Gabriel’s Catholic Church, Poway, California. Prepared for Saint Gabriel’s Catholic Church. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 9 2011 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Nooren Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Jack Nooren. 2011 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the Sewer and Water Group 768 Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for Ortiz Corporation. 2011 Cultural Resource Test for the 10th Avenue Parking Lot Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for 11th and B Investment Associates, LLC. 2011 A Cultural Resources Study for the Ampudia Lot Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for Venture Pacific Commercial Services, Inc. 2011 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Hyde Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Paul and Denise Hyde. 2011 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Fialko Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Thomas Armstrong Construction, Inc. 2011 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the Sewer Group 682M Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for HTA Engineering & Construction Inc. 2011 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Butterfield Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Geotechnical Exploration, Inc. 2011 A Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Eichen Residence Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for Steigerwald-Dougherty, Inc. 2011 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Galway Downs Project, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Trip Hord. 2011 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for Rancho Bella Vista Phase IV (TR 31871), Riverside County, California. Prepared for Lennar Inland Division. 2011 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Salvation Army Vehicle Storage Area Demolition Project. Prepared for The Salvation Army General Counsel. 2011 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Kates Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Brad and Shannon Kates. 2011 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Kralik Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for John Kralik. 2010 An Archaeological Monitoring Report for the Cricket Cell Tower Project (Permit # 3399 06-032), San Diego County, California. Prepared for Ken Hayes. 2010 A Cultural Resources Study for the 47th Street Warehouse Project City of San Diego, California, Project No. 190957. Prepared for 47th Street Properties. 2010 A Cultural Resource Study for the Dickenson Ranch Project, San Bernardino County, California. Prepared for Dickenson and Son Property Management and Investments. 2010 A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Young Family Trust Lot Split Project City of Escondido, California. Prepared for Young Family Trust. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 10 2010 An Archaeological Monitoring Report for the Jamul Rural Fire Station Auxiliary Access Road Project, San Diego County, California. Prepared for TCB. 2010 Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation Program for the Citracado Parkway Extension Project, City of Escondido, California. Prepared for AECOM. 2010 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Sycamore Creek Specific Plan No. 256 Amendment No. 2, Riverside County, California. Prepared for T&B Planning. 2010 A Phase III Cultural Resource Data Recovery Program for CA-SDI-16,986, Hidden Meadows, San Diego County, California (TPM 20794). Tuscan Ridge, LLC. 2010 Historic Properties Treatment Plan for the Talega (64 Area) 12kV Conversion Project Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton San Diego County California. Prepared for Synergy Electric Company, Inc. 2010 A Cultural Resources Survey and Evaluation Program for the Highlands at Warner Springs Project, Warner Springs, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Warner Springs Estates, LLC. 2010 A Cultural Resources Literature Review for the 11099 North Torrey Pines Road Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for Touchstone Investments. 2010 A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the San Jacinto Poultry Ranch Storage Building Project, San Jacinto, California. Prepared for Moark, LLC. 2010 A Phase III Cultural Resource Data Recovery Program for SDI-16986, Hidden Meadows, San Diego, California (TPM 20794). Prepared for Tuscan Ridge, LLC. 2010 Cultural Resources Study for the Dos Colinas Project, Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Dos Colinas, LLC. 2010 A Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Horsethief Vegetation Management Project. Prepared for the Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council. 2010 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Moses Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Brian Moses. 2010 Pottery Canyon Site Archaeological Evaluation Project City of San Diego, California. Prepared for the City of San Diego Park and Recreation Department. 2010 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Shabaz Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Negar Shabaz. 2009 A Phase I Cultural Resources Study for the Kramer 453 Project, San Bernardino County, California. Prepared for LightSource Renewables LLC. 2009 A Cultural Resources Study for the Hronopoulus Residence Project, City of San Diego, California. Prepared for Andreas Hronopoulus. 2009 A Cultural Resources Monitoring Report for the East Point Loma Trunk Sewer Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for Southern California Soil and Testing. 2009 A Cultural Resources Study for the McKean SDP Project. San Diego, California. 2009 An Archaeological Assessment for the Rivera-Placentia Project, City of Riverside, California. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 11 Prepared for Riverside Construction Company. 2009 Cultural Resource Data Recovery Plan for the North Ocean Beach Gateway Project. Prepared for the City of San Diego and KTU+A. 2009 Cultural Resource Letter Report for the Borrego Substation Feasibility Study, Borrego Springs, California. Prepared for RBF Consulting. 2009 A Cultural Resource Study for the Gatto Residence Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Marengo Martin Architects Inc. 2009 A Cultural Resource Report for the Central Feeder Connection Project, San Bernardino, California. Prepared for Albert A. Webb and Associates. 2009 A Cultural Resource Report for the Clay Street Connection Project, Riverside, California. Prepared for Albert A. Webb and Associates. 2009 A Cultural Resource Report for the Green Hills Project, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Atlas Investments, LLC. 2009 A Cultural Resource Report for the La Sierra Pipeline Project, Riverside, California. Prepared for Albert A. Webb and Associates. 2009 Cultural Resources Monitoring Report for the East Point Loma Trunk Sewer Project. Prepared for Southern California Soil & Testing. 2009 A Cultural Resource Report for the Mockingbird Connection Project, Riverside, California. Prepared for Albert A. Webb and Associates. 2009 A Cultural Resource Report for the Mesquite Lake Treatment Plan Project, Imperial County, California. Prepared for Albert A. Webb and Associates. 2008 Phase I Cultural Resource Survey for the 28220 Highridge Road Development Project, Rancho Palos Verdes, California. Prepared for REC Development. 2008 Wild Goose Expansion 3 Project Butte County, California Colusa County, California. Prepared for Niska Gas Storage LLC. 2008 Class III Cultural Resource Survey for the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Four Railway Bridge Renewal Project, San Bernardino County, California. Prepared for BNSF Railway Company. 2008 I-80 Colfax Site Cultural Resource Records Search Report, Placer County, California. Prepared for Granite Construction Company. 2008 I-80 Gold Run Site Cultural Resource Records Search Report, Placer County, California. Prepared for Granite Construction Company. 2008 Cultural Resource Monitoring at 31431 Camino Capistrano, San Juan Capistrano, California. Prepared for Herman Weissker, Inc. 2008 Cultural Resource Inventory for the Snow White Pumice Mine, Hinkley, California. Prepared for U.S. Mining and Minerals Corporation. 2007 Nodule Industries of North Coastal San Diego: Change and Stasis in 10,000 Years of Lithic BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 12 Technology. Masters thesis on file, San Diego State University. 2007 Cultural Resource Inventory for Empire Homes (APN 104-180-04), Lake Forest, California. Prepared for Empire Homes. 2007 Phase I Archaeological Assessment for APN 104-200-09, Beaumont, California. Prepared for Mary Chan. 2007 Cultural Resource Inventory for Empire Homes (APN 104-180-04), Lake Forest, California. Prepared for Empire Homes. 2006 Carlsbad Municipal Golf Course Data Recovery Program for CA-SDI-8694, and Indexing and Preservation Program Study for CA-SDI-8303 and CA-SDI-8797 Locus C, City of Carlsbad, California. Prepared for City of Carlsbad. 2005 Grand Pacific Resorts Data Recovery and Index Sample Program for CA-SDI-8797, Area A, City of Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Grand Pacific Resorts Inc. 2004 "Near the Harris Site Quarry" Cultural Resource Data Recovery and Preservation Program for CA- SDI-13028, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Harbrecht Development, L.P. 2004 Cultural Resource Survey and Boundary Test Report for the Lilac Ranch Project, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Empire Companies. 2003 Cultural Resource Data Recovery and Preservation Program for CA-SDI-12027, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Harbrecht Development Inc. 2002 Data Recovery Program for the Pacbell Site CA-SDI-5633, San Marcos, California. Prepared for Joseph Wong Design Associates. 2001 McCrink Ranch Cultural Resource Test Program Additional Information for Selected Sites, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Shapouri & Associates. 2001 The Quail Ridge Project Cultural Resource Test Program, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Helix Environmental Planning, Inc. 2000 Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the North Sand Sheet Full Buildout Program, Owens Lake, California. Prepared for CH2MHill. 1995 Final Report: Archaeological Investigations Conducted for the Abalone Cove Dewatering Wells, City of Rancho Palos Verdes Los Angeles County, California. Prepared for the City of Rancho Palos Verdes, Environmental Services. 1995 Final Report: A Class III Intensive Survey of a 100-Acre Sand and Gravel Mining Area, Imperial County, California. Prepared for the Lilburn Corporation. 1994 Final Report: Data Recovery Excavations at Five Late Prehistoric Archaeological Sites Along the Los Trancos Access Road, Newport Coast Planned Community, Orange County, California. Prepared for the Coastal Community Builders, a division of The Irvine Company. Contributing Author 2019 Cultural Resources Study for the 3868-3900 Sepulveda Boulevard Project, City of Culver City, Los Angeles County, California. Prepared for Sepulveda Suites, Inc. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 13 2019 Final Archaeological Data Recovery and Mitigation Monitoring Program for the Westin Hotel and Timeshare Project, City of Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Grand Pacific Resorts, Inc. 2019 Cultural Resources Study for the Commerce Logistics Center Project, 5200 Sheila Street, Commerce, California 90040. Prepared for T&B Planning, Inc. 2019 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resource Study for the McElwain Project (SPL-2019-00565), Murrieta, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Murrieta Development II, LLC. 2019 Phase II Cultural Resource Study for the McElwain Project, City of Murrieta, California. Prepared for Murrieta Development II, LLC. 2018 A Phase I and II Cultural Resources Assessment for the Emerald Acres Project, Winchester, Riverside County. Prepared for T&B Planning, Inc. 2018 A Cultural Resources Monitoring Report for the Golden City Project, Tracts 28532-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 and Tract 34445, City of Murrieta, California. Prepared for North Murrieta Community, LLC. 2018 An Archaeological/Historical Study for the Citracado Business Park West Project, City of Escondido. Prepared for Pacific Harmony Grove Development. 2015 Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation Program for the Westin Hotel and Timeshare Project, City of Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Grand Pacific Resorts, Inc. 2015 A Class III Cultural Resource Study for the Habitat for Humanity Project, Perris, California. Habitat for Humanity Inland Valley. 2015 A Phase II Cultural Resource Assessment for the Munro Valley Solar Project, Inyo County, California. Prepared for Prepared for Ecos Energy, LLC. 2014 An Extended Phase I Cultural Resource Assessment for the Belvedere-Webster Project, City of Poway, California (APN 323-010-26-00). Prepared for Webster Realty Group. 2014 Cultural Resources Study for the Brook Forest Conservation Bank Project, Valley Center, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Brook Forest, LLC. 2014 A Phase I Cultural Resource Study for the Crystal View Lane Project, Poway, California. Prepared for Mark Catrambone. 2014 Cultural Resource Assessment for the Muscat Project, Poway, California (TPM 13-002; APN 278- 180-44). Prepared for Mr. Ed Muscat. 2014 An Extended Phase I Cultural Resource Assessment for the Mulholland Highway Improvement Project, Cities of Calabasas and Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California. City of Calabasas Public Works Department. 2014 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the 9th and Broadway Project, City of San Diego. Prepared for Bridge Housing Corporation. 2013 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the Cisterra Sempra Tower Project San Diego, California. Prepared for Eilar Associates, Inc. 2013 A Section 106 (NHPA) Cultural Resources Study for the Toscana Project, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Forestar Toscana, LLC. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 14 2013 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the Gaslamp Hotel Project. Prepared for The Robert Green Company. 2012 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the Pinnacle International 15th and Island Project. Prepared for Pinnacle International. 2012 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the Horton Plaza Park Improvement Project. Prepared for the City of San Diego. 2012 Mitigation Monitoring Report for the T-Mobile West, LLC Telecommunications Candidate SD02867C (Presidio Park). Prepared for Michael Brandman Associates. 2012 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the Old Police Headquarters Project. Prepared for Terramar Retail Centers. 2012 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the Knight Residence Project. Prepared for Mr. Dennis Knight. 2012 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the 9th and Broadway Project. Prepared for Bridge Housing Corporation. 2012 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the Blue Sky Project. Prepared for Gray Development. 2011 An Archaeological Study for 1887 Viking Way Project, La Jolla, California. Prepared for Island Architects. 2011 A Cultural Resource Evaluation Program for the Otay Hills Quarry Project, San Diego County, California, Log No. 93-19-006J; P04-004; RPO4-001. Prepared for EnviroMINE. 2010 A Cultural Resource Evaluation Program for the Batchelder Lot Split Project, San Diego County, California, TPM 21177; KIVA PROJECT 10-0125593; APNs 247-010-10, -13. Prepared for David Batchelder. 2010 A Cultural Resources Survey and Evaluation Program for the Butterfield Trails Ranch Project, Valley Center, San Diego County, California, TM 5551, P 08-028, GPA 06-007, REZ 06-010, LOG NO. 06-08-033. Prepared for Wayne B. Hilbig. 2008 Lithic Analysis for Thirteen Sites Along the Transwestern Phoenix Expansion Project, Loops A and B. Prepared for Transwestern Pipeline Company, LLC. 2005 Cultural Resource Survey and Testing for the Star Ranch Property, San Diego, California. 2004 Cultural Resource Test Report for the Palomar Point Project: Site CA-SDI-16205, Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Lanikai Management Corp. 2004 Cultural Resource Survey and Test Report for the Canyon View Project, Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Shapouri & Associates. 2004 Cultural Resource Test Report for the Yamamoto Property: Site SDM-W-2046, Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Cunningham Consultants, Inc. 2004 Historical Resources Report for the Kuta and Mascari Properties, Otay Mesa, California. Prepared for Centex Homes. 2004 Cultural Resource Monitor and Test Report for the Encina Power Plant Project, Carlsbad, BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 15 California. Prepared for Haley & Aldrich, Inc. 2004 Cultural Resource Test Report for Site CA-SDI-16788, Otay Mesa, California. Prepared for Otay Mesa Property, L.P. 2004 Cultural Resource Survey and Test Report for the Lonestar Project, Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Otay Mesa Property, L.P. 2003 Cultural Resource Mitigation Program for the Torrey Ranch Site CA-SDI-5325, San Diego, California. Prepared for Garden Communities. 2003 Cultural Resource Survey and Test Report for the Johnson Canyon Parcel, Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Otay Mesa Property, L.P. 2002 Cultural Resource Data Recovery Plan for the Shaw Project: Sites CA-SDI-13025 and CA-SDI- 13067, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Shapouri & Associates. 2001 Archaeological Test Program for CA-SDI-14112 Mesa Norte Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for Hunsaker & Associates. 2001 The Vista-Oceanside Cultural Resource Survey and Test Program, Vista, California. Prepared for Shapouri & Associates. 2001 Cultural Resource Test Program for the Wilson Property, Carlsbad, California. Prepared for the City of Carlsbad. 2001 Cultural Resource Test Plan for the Oceanside-Escondido Project, County of San Diego, California. Prepared for Dudek & Associates. 2001 Cultural Resource Test Program for the Kramer Junction Expansion Project Adelanto, California. Prepared for AMEC. 2001 Cultural Resource Test Program for CA-SDI-12508 San Diego, California (LDR No. 99-1331). Prepared for Garden Communities. 2000 Archaeological Testing of Prehistoric Sites CASDI-14115 and CA-SDI-14116 for The Mesa Grande Project, San Diego, California. Prepared for Solana Mesa Partners, LLC. 2000 Cultural Resource Survey and Test Report for the Wetmore Property, Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Mr. Andy Campbell. 2000 The Torrey Ranch Cultural Resource Test Program, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Garden Communities. 2000 Cultural Resource Test Results for the Otay Mesa Generating Project. Prepared for the California Energy Commission and Otay Mesa Generating Company, LCC. 2000 The Eternal Hills Cultural Resource Survey and Test Program, City of Oceanside, California. Prepared for Eternal Hills Memorial Park. 2000 The Quail Ridge Cultural Resource Test Program, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Helix Environmental Planning Inc. 2000 Cultural Resource Testing Program for CA-SDI-5652/H and CA-SDI-9474H SR 78/Rancho Del Oro BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 16 Interchange Project, Oceanside, California. Prepared for Tetratech Inc. 2000 Cultural Resource Test Results for a Portion of CA-SDI-8654 (Kuebler Ranch) Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California. Prepared for Shapouri & Associates. 2000 Historical/Archaeological Monitoring and Data Recovery Program for Prehistoric Site CA-SDI-48, Locus C Naval Base Point Loma, San Diego, California. Prepared for Department of the Navy, Southwest Division. 2000 Cultural Resource Evaluation Report for the Palomar College Science Building Project, San Marcos, California. Prepared for Parsons Engineering Science Inc. 1999 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Village of Ystagua Water Main Break City of San Diego, California. Prepared for the City of San Diego Water Department. 1999 The Effect of Projectile Point Size on Atlatl Dart Efficiency in Lithic Technology Vol. 24, No 1 p (27- 37). 1999 Cultural Resource Evaluation Report for the Oceanside-Escondido Bikeway Project, San Marcos, California. Prepared for City of San Marcos. 1999 5000 Years of Occupation: Cultural Resource Inventory and Assessment Program for the Carlsbad Municipal Golf Course Project City of Carlsbad, California. Prepared or Cotton/Beland/Associates, Inc. 1999 Silver Oaks Estates Cultural Resource Enhanced Survey and Test Report for a Portion of CA-SDI- 7202 San Diego, California. Prepared for Helix Environmental Planning Inc. 1999 Historical Archaeological Test of a portion of CA-SDI-8303 for the Faraday Road Extension Carlsbad, California. Prepared for the City of Carlsbad. 1999 Cultural Resource Literature Review for the North Coast Transportation Study Arterial Streets Alternative San Diego County, California. Prepared for MLF/San Diego Association of Govt. 1998 Archaeological Test Report for a Portion of CA-SDI-9115/SDM-W-122 Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Industrial Developments International. 1998 Rainforest Ranch Cultural Resource Survey and Significance Test for Prehistoric Sites CA-SDI- 14932, CA-SDI-14937, CA-SDI-14938, and CA-SDI-14946 County of San Diego, California. Prepared for the Boys and Girls Club of Inland North County. 1998 Cultural Resource Evaluation Report for the Oceanside-Escondido Bikeway Project San Marcos, California. 1998 Final Report: Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Sterling Property, Carlsbad, California. Prepared for SPT Holdings LCC. 1996 Final Report: Archaeological Survey and Test for the Huber Property Carlsbad, California. Prepared for Gene Huber. 1996 Final Report: Results of Phase II Test Excavations and Phase III Data Recovery Excavations at Nine Archaeological Sites Within the Newport Coast Planned Community Phase III Entitlement Area, San Joaquin Hills, Orange County, California. Prepared for Coastal Community Builders, a division of The Irvine Company. BFSA Environmental Services, a Perennial Company, 17 1995 Preliminary Report: Phase II Test Results From Nine Prehistoric Archaeological Sites within the Proposed Upper Newport Bay Regional County Park. Prepared for EDAW, Inc. 1995 Final Report: A Phase II Test Excavation at CA-ORA-136, Block 800 City of Newport Beach, Orange County California. Prepared for the Irvine Apartment Communities. Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project APPENDIX B Archaeological Records Search Results (Deleted for Public Review; Bound Separately) Cultural Resources Study for the Almond Avenue Trailer Yard Project APPENDIX C NAHC Sacred Lands File Search Results (Deleted for Public Review; Bound Separately)