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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix G - Greenhouse Gas Emissions APPENDIX G Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment Sierra Distribution Facility Project City of Fontana, California Prepared by: Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. 1100 W Town and Country Road, Suite 700 Orange, California 92868 Contact: Ms. Olivia Chan 714.939.1030 May 2023 City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment May 2023 Page | ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Location and Setting ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Project Description ............................................................................................................... 2 2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 2.1 Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change.............................................................................................. 8 3 REGULATORY SETTING 3.1 Federal ............................................................................................................................................ 10 3.2 State of California ............................................................................................................................ 12 3.3 Regional........................................................................................................................................... 20 3.4 Local ................................................................................................................................................ 22 4 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 Thresholds and Significant Criteria ................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 24 5 POTENTIAL GREENHOUSE GAS IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 5.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions............................................................................................................... 25 5.2 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan Compliance.................................................................................... 26 5.3 Cumulative Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures .................................................................... 31 6 REFERENCES References ....................................................................................................................................... 32 TABLES Table 1 Description of Greenhouse Gases ......................................................................................... 9 Table 2 Construction-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................................................... 25 Table 3 Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..................................................................................... 26 Table 4 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy Consistency .................... 27 Table 5 Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update ................................................. 29 EXHIBITS Exhibit 1 Regional Vicinity ................................................................................................................... 5 Exhibit 2 Site Vicinity ........................................................................................................................... 6 Exhibit 3 Site Plan ............................................................................................................................... 7 APPENDIX Appendix A: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Appendix B: Consistency with the Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment May 2023 Page | iii LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS AB Assembly Bill CARB California Air Resource Board CCR California Code of Regulations CalEEMod California Emissions Estimator Model CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CALGreen Code California Green Building Standards Code CPUC California Public Utilities Commission CO2 Carbon dioxide CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CPP Clean Power Plan cy Cubic yard EPA Environmental Protection Agency FCAA Federal Clean Air Act FR Federal Register GHG Greenhouse gas HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon HFC Hydrofluorocarbon LCFS Low Carbon Fuel Standard CH4 Methane MMTCO2e Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent MTCO2e Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NF3 Nitrogen trifluoride N2O Nitrous oxide PFC Perfluorocarbon RTP/SCS Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy SB Senate Bill SCAB South Coast Air Basin SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SCAG Southern California Association of Government Sf Square foot SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride TAC Toxic air contaminants City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 1 1 INTRODUCTION This report documents the results of a Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Assessment completed for the Sierra Distribution Facility Project (“Project” or “Proposed Project”). The purpose of this GHG Emissions Assessment is to evaluate the potential construction and operational emissions associated with the Project and determine the level of impact the Project would have on the environment. 1.1 Project Location and Setting The Project site is located in northern Fontana, in San Bernardino County (County); Refer to Exhibit 1: Regional Vicinity. The Project site is comprised of six parcels (Assessor’s Parcel Numbers [APNs]: 1119- 241-10, -13, -18, -25, -26, and -27). The Project site is located at the northeast corner of the intersection of Sierra Avenue and Clubhouse Drive within the City and is bounded to the north and south by existing warehouse/industrial buildings, to the west by Sierra Avenue and residential development, and to the east by Mango Avenue and a landfill; Refer to Exhibit 2: Local Vicinity. The Project site is bound to the west by Sierra Avenue, to the east by Mango Avenue, and Windflower Avenue enters the Project site from Sierra Avenue. The proposed Project site is presently developed with four commercial/industrial buildings ranging from 5,000 to 25,000 square feet in size. The northwestern quadrant is developed with one building and is utilized as a wooden pallet facility. The northeastern quadrant is developed with one building and is utilized as a carnival attraction repair facility with truck trailer parking. The southwestern quadrant is developed with one building and open-graded gravel pavements and is utilized for truck trailer storage. The southeastern quadrant is developed with one building and is utilized as a storage facility. The existing buildings are single-story, metal-framed structures and are assumed to be supported on conventional shallow foundations with concrete slab-on-grade floors. Ground surface cover consists mainly of open graded gravel and exposed soil, with AC or PCC pavements surrounding the buildings. Little to no vegetation exists on site. Few large trees are present between the northwest and northeast quadrants. According to available historical sources, the Project site was historically undeveloped vacant land as early as 1896 and was developed in phases from 1982 to 1990. The Project site was historically occupied by light industrial businesses including: All American Pipe & Steel Distribution; Days Express Inc.; Anderson Trucking Services; Apollo Amusement; San Gabriel Valley Lumber & Milling; S.J. Steel Inc.; Active Steel, Inc.; and National Pallets (1987-Present). The Project site is currently occupied by the following businesses: 1.) San Gabriel Valley Lumber & Milling, 6075 Sierra Avenue. This portion of the Project site is located on the northwest and is used for manufacturing of wood molding and repair/ sale of wooden City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 2 pallets. This property was developed in late 1980s and houses a metal structure and a mobile office. 2.) 5975 Sierra Ave./ 16899 Windflower Avenue. This parcel is located on the southwest portion and is currently unoccupied. This property was last occupied by Anderson Trucking Services for storage and distribution of furniture & was developed in early 1980s and houses a metal structure. 3.) Davis Partners, 17010 Windflower Avenue. This parcel is located on the northeast portion and is currently used for repair of carnival rides. This property was developed in the late 1980s and houses two attached metal structures. 4.) Aluma Systems, 17051 Windflower Avenue. This parcel is located on the southeast portion and is currently used for repair and rent of steel and aluminum scaffolding. This property was developed in 1990 and houses a large metal structure. Two stormwater catch basins are present at this property. 1.2 Project Description The Project involves the development of a 398,514-square foot 1 warehouse building within an approximately 18.3-acre site, with associated facilities and improvements including approximately 10,000 square feet of office space, vehicle parking, loading dock doors, trailer parking, onsite landscaping, and related onsite improvements; refer to Exhibit 3: Overall Site Plan. The Project would have a Floor Area Ratio (FAR) of 0.45 and can have a maximum FAR of 0.60. Future occupant(s) of the building are not known at this time. The single building for the Project would maintain a typical height of 43 feet with a maximum height not to exceed 45.5 feet. The maximum building height allowed is approximately 75 feet. The building elevations would be articulated with varying depths of recesses with windows. The paint scheme includes a variable grey and white paint scheme to minimize the bulk and scale of the building with a decorative paint feature in the recesses along the side (east and west) and rear (north) elevations of the building. The dock doors (54) would be centered on the south side of the building. Land Use and Zoning The Project is consistent with the City’s General Plan land use designation and the zoning. The Project site’s industrial land use designation is I-L: Light Industrial and the zoning is M-1: Light Industrial. I-L: Light Industrial (0.1 to 0.6 FAR) allows for employee-intensive uses, including business parks, research and development, technology centers, corporate and support office uses, clean industry, supporting retail uses, truck and equipment sales and related services. Warehouses that are designed in ways that limit off-site impacts are also permitted. General uses permitted (either by right, minor use permit, or conditional use permit) under the industrial zoning districts (Light Industrial [M-1]) includes manufacturing, food processing, service and repair, 1 The analysis herein is based on trip generation for a total of 395,034 square feet. The nominal increase in proposed square footage would not result in appreciable increases in operational emissions. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 3 storage and open yards, warehousing uses, retail sales, restaurants and bars, administrative and professional offices, educational, and miscellaneous uses. Landscaping Landscaping would be provided on approximately 19.8 percent (78,795 square feet) of the Project site. Landscaping would be installed in all areas not devoted to buildings, parking, traffic, and specific user requirements, in accordance with the City’s Zoning and Development Code Section 30-551 which specifies landscape design guidelines for industrial zoning districts. Project Circulation and Parking Currently, the Project site is accessible from Windflower Avenue via Sierra Avenue. There is currently not access between the Project site and Mango Avenue. Regional Project access would be from State Route 210 (SR-210) via the officially designated local truck route, Sierra Avenue. Local access would be provided via Sierra Avenue and Mango Avenue. Project site ingress and egress would be via four driveways: one 40-foot (southerly) driveway and one 35-foot (northerly) driveway on Sierra Avenue and one 40-foot (southerly) driveway and one 35-foot (northerly) driveway on Mango Avenue. Trucks would enter the site via northbound Sierra Avenue and exit the site via southbound Mango Avenue. Mango Avenue intersects with Sierra Lakes Parkway which reconnects with Sierra Avenue. Trucks would access southbound Sierra Avenue from this point to reach SR-210 and regional destinations beyond. The Project would provide 132 parking stalls, 81 trailer stalls, and 37 tractor trailer stalls. Additionally, a total of 54 dock doors would be provided. Parking stalls would be provided as follows: • Standard = 98 stalls • ADA Standard = 5 stalls • ADA Van = 1 stall • EV ADA Van = 1 stall • EV Charging Only = 21 stalls • EV ADA = 1 stalls • EV Ambulance = 0 stalls • Carpool/Vanpool/EV = 5 stalls The Project would require a 34-foot right-of-way dedication for Mango Avenue. Project Phasing and Construction The Project is anticipated to be developed in one phase. Should the Project be approved, construction is anticipated to occur over a duration of approximately 15 months, commencing in summer of 2024; the facility would be operational in fall of 2025. New construction would include: (1) demolition, (2) grading/removal of concrete, (3) building construction, (4) paving, (5) architectural coating, (6) City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 4 landscaping, and the applicable off-site improvements conditioned by the City consisting of standard curb and gutter improvements. Grading and Utilities The following describes grading and utility work to be completed for the Project. The Project site is relatively flat but would require grading to achieve the needed slopes and contour to facilitate building design and connections to existing utilities. The existing site topography generally slopes downward to the south at a gradient of 3± percent. The Project site would maintain the same general drainage pattern and would be graded to conduct runoff to the new drainage facilities that would be constructed as part of the Project. It is anticipated that the site would be graded to balance on-site, eliminating the need for off-site soils hauling. Overhead SCE powerlines are present along the northern, southern, and western property lines of the Project site. The overhead powerlines would be removed from their existing location and undergrounded. The applicant would work with SCE to tie into, relocate, and extend services into the site as required. Not to scale EXHIBIT 1 : Regional Vicinity Sierra Distribution Facility Project, City of Fontana Project Site Source: ESRI, 2022 Not to scale EXHIBIT 2: Local Vicinity Sierra Distribution Facility Project, City of Fontana Source: ESRI, 2022 Mid-Valley Landfill Not to scale EXHIBIT 3: Overall Site Plan Sierra Distribution Facility Project, City of Fontana Source: HPA Architecture, 1/3/2023 City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 8 2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 2.1 Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change Certain gases in the earth’s atmosphere classified as GHGs, play a critical role in determining the earth’s surface temperature. Solar radiation enters the earth’s atmosphere from space. A portion of the radiation is absorbed by the earth’s surface and a smaller portion of this radiation is reflected back toward space. This absorbed radiation is then emitted from the earth as low-frequency infrared radiation. The frequencies at which bodies emit radiation are proportional to temperature. Because the earth has a much lower temperature than the sun, it emits lower-frequency radiation. Most solar radiation passes through GHGs; however, infrared radiation is absorbed by these gases. As a result, radiation that otherwise would have escaped back into space is instead “trapped,” resulting in a warming of the atmosphere. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate on earth. The primary GHGs contributing to the greenhouse effect are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Fluorinated gases also make up a small fraction of the GHGs that contribute to climate change. Examples of fluorinated gases include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3); however, it is noted that these gases are not associated with typical land use development. Human-caused emissions of GHGs exceeding natural ambient concentrations are believed to be responsible for intensifying the greenhouse effect and leading to a trend of unnatural warming of the Earth’s climate, known as global climate change or global warming. GHGs are global pollutants, unlike criteria air pollutants and toxic air contaminants (TACs), which are pollutants of regional and local concern. Whereas pollutants with localized air quality effects have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes (about one day), GHGs have long atmospheric lifetimes (one to several thousand years). GHGs persist in the atmosphere for long enough time periods to be dispersed around the globe. Although the exact lifetime of a GHG molecule is dependent on multiple variables and cannot be pinpointed, more CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere than is sequestered by ocean uptake, vegetation, or other forms of carbon sequestration. Of the total annual human-caused CO2 emissions, approximately 55 percent is sequestered through ocean and land uptakes every year, averaged over the last 50 years, whereas the remaining 45 percent of human-caused CO2 emissions remains stored in the atmosphere.2 Table 1: Description of Greenhouse Gases describes the primary GHGs attributed to global climate change, including their physical properties. 2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013. http://www.climatechange2013.org/ images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 9 Table 1: Description of Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gas Description Carbon Dioxide (CO2) CO2 is a colorless, odorless gas that is emitted naturally and through human activities. Natural sources include decomposition of dead organic matter; respiration of bacteria, plants, animals, and fungus; evaporation from oceans; and volcanic outgassing. Anthropogenic sources are from burning coal, oil, natural gas, and wood. The largest source of CO2 emissions globally is the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas in power plants, automobiles, and industrial facilities. The atmospheric lifetime of CO2 is variable because it is readily exchanged in the atmosphere. CO2 is the most widely emitted GHG and is the reference gas (Global Warming Potential of 1) for determining Global Warming Potentials for other GHGs. Nitrous Oxide (N2O) N2O is largely attributable to agricultural practices and soil management. Primary human-related sources of N2O include agricultural soil management, sewage treatment, combustion of fossil fuels, and adipic and nitric acid production. N2O is produced from biological sources in soil and water, particularly microbial action in wet tropical forests. The atmospheric lifetime of N2O is approximately 120 years. The Global Warming Potential of N2O is 298. Methane (CH4) CH4, a highly potent GHG, primarily results from off-gassing (the release of chemicals from nonmetallic substances under ambient or greater pressure conditions) and is largely associated with agricultural practices and landfills. Methane is the major component of natural gas, about 87 percent by volume. Human-rel ated sources include fossil fuel production, animal husbandry, rice cultivation, biomass burning, and waste management. Natural sources of CH4 include wetlands, gas hydrates, termites, oceans, freshwater bodies, non-wetland soils, and wildfires. The atmospheric lifetime of CH4 is about 12 years and the Global Warming Potential is 25. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) HFCs are typically used as refrigerants for both stationary refrigeration and mobile air conditioning. The use of HFCs for cooling and foam blowing is increasing, as the continued phase out of CFCs and HCFCs gains momentum. The 100-year Global Warming Potential of HFCs range from 124 for HFC- 152 to 14,800 for HFC-23. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) PFCs have stable molecular structures and only break down by ultraviolet rays about 60 kilometers above Earth’s surface. Because of this, they have long lifetimes, between 10,000 and 50,000 years. Two main sources of PFCs are primary aluminum production and semiconductor manufacturing. Global Warming Potentials range from 6,500 to 9,200. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFCs are gases formed synthetically by replacing all hydrogen atoms in methane or ethane with chlorine and/or fluorine atoms. They are nontoxic, nonflammable, insoluble, and chemically unreactive in the troposphere (the level of air at the earth’s surface). CFCs were synthesized in 1928 for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, and cleaning solvents. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer prohibited their production in 1987. Global Warming Potentials for CFCs range from 3,800 to 14,400. Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) SF6 is an inorganic, odorless, colorless, and nontoxic, nonflammable gas. It has a lifetime of 3,200 years. This gas is manmade and used for insulation in electric power transmission equipment, in the magnesium industry, in semiconductor manufacturing, and as a tracer gas. The Global Warming Potential of SF6 is 23,900. Hydrochlorofluorocar bons (HCFCs) HCFCs are solvents, similar in use and chemical composition to CFCs. The main uses of HCFCs are for refrigerant products and air conditioning systems. As part of the Montreal Protocol, HCFCs are subject to a consumption cap and gradual phase out. The United States is scheduled to achieve a 100 percent reduction to the cap by 2030. The 100-year Global Warming Potentials of HCFCs range from 90 for HCFC-123 to 1,800 for HCFC-142b. Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF3) NF3 was added to Health and Safety Code section 38505(g)(7) as a GHG of concern. This gas is used in electronics manufacture for semiconductors and liquid crystal displays. It has a high global warming potential of 17,200. Source: Compiled from U.S. EPA, Overview of Greenhouse Gases, April 11, 2018 (https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse- gases); U.S. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2016, 2018; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, 2007; National Research Council, Advancing the Science of Climate Change, 2010; U.S. EPA, Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Natural Sources, April 2010. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 10 3 REGULATORY SETTING 3.1 Federal To date, national standards have not been established for nationwide GHG reduction targets, nor have any regulations or legislation been enacted specifically to address climate change and GHG emissions reduction at the project level. Various efforts have been promulgated at the federal level to improve fuel economy and energy efficiency to address climate change and its associated effects. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (December 2007), among other key measures, requires the following, which would aid in the reduction of national GHG emissions: • Increase the supply of alternative fuel sources by setting a mandatory Renewable Fuel Standard requiring fuel producers to use at least 36 billion gallons of biofuel in 2022. • Set a target of 35 miles per gallon for the combined fleet of cars and light trucks by model year 2020 and direct the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to establish a fuel economy program for medium- and heavy-duty trucks and create a separate fuel economy standard for work trucks. • Prescribe or revise standards affecting regional efficiency for heating and cooling products and procedures for new or amended standards, energy conservation, energy efficiency labeling for consumer electronic products, residential boiler efficiency, electric motor efficiency, and home appliances. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Endangerment Finding The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) authority to regulate GHG emissions stems from the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Massachusetts v. EPA (2007). The Supreme Court ruled that GHGs meet the definition of air pollutants under the existing Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA) and must be regulated if these gases could be reasonably anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. Responding to the Court’s ruling, the EPA finalized an endangerment finding in December 2009. Based on scientific evidence it found that six GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6) constitute a threat to public health and welfare. Thus, it is the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the existing FCAA and the EPA’s assessment of the scientific evidence that form the basis for the EPA’s regulatory actions. Federal Vehicle Standards In response to the U.S. Supreme Court ruling discussed above, Executive Order 13432 was issued in 2007 directing the EPA, the Department of Transportation, and the Department of Energy to establish regulations that reduce GHG emissions from motor vehicles, non-road vehicles, and non-road engines by 2008. In 2009, the NHTSA issued a final rule regulating fuel efficiency and GHG emissions from cars and City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 11 light-duty trucks for model year 2011, and in 2010, the EPA and NHTSA issued a final rule regulating cars and light-duty trucks for model years 2012–2016. In 2010, an Executive Memorandum was issued directing the Department of Transportation, Department of Energy, EPA, and NHTSA to establish additional standards regarding fuel efficiency and GHG reduction, clean fuels, and advanced vehicle infrastructure. In response to this directive, the EPA and NHTSA proposed stringent, coordinated federal GHG and fuel economy standards for model years 2017–2025 light-duty vehicles. The proposed standards projected to achieve 163 grams per mile of CO2 in model year 2025, on an average industry fleet-wide basis, which is equivalent to 54.5 miles per gallon if this level were achieved solely through fuel efficiency. On April 2, 2018, the Administrator signed the Mid-term Evaluation Final Determination which finds that the model year 2022-2025 greenhouse gas standards are not appropriate in light of the record before EPA and, therefore, should be revised.3 On September 19, 2019, under the Safer, Affordable, Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHSTA) and the U.S. EPA issued the final “One National Program Rule.” The rule states that federal law preempts state and local laws regarding tailpipe GHG emissions standards, zero emissions vehicle mandates, and fuel economy for automobiles and light duty trucks. The rule revokes California’s Clean Air Act waiver and preempts California’s Advanced Clean Car Regulations.4,5 On September 20, 2019, a lawsuit was filed by California and a coalition of 22 other states, and the cities of Los Angeles, New York and Washington, D.C., in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (Case 1:19-cv-02826) challenging the SAFE Rule and arguing that EPA lacks the legal authority to withdraw the California waiver. In April 2021, the EPA announced it would reconsider its previous withdrawal and grant California permission to set more stringent climate requirements for cars and SUVs. On March 9, 2022, the EPA restored California’s 2013 waiver to full force, including both its GHG standards and zero-emissions vehicles sales requirements. Presidential Executive Orders 13990 and 14008 On January 20, 2021, President Biden issued Executive Order 13990, "Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science to Tackle the Climate Crisis". Executive Order 13990 directs Federal agencies to immediately review and take action to address the promulgation of Federal regulations and other actions that conflict with these important national objectives and to immediately commence work to confront the climate crisis. Executive Order 13990 directs the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) to review CEQ’s 2020 regulations implementing the procedural requirements of the National 3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Midterm Evaluation of Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Years 2022-2025. Available online at: https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/midterm- evaluation-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas, accessed September 2022 4 U.S. Department of Transportation and U.S. EPA. 2019. One National Program Rule on Federal Preemption of State Fuel Economy Standards. Available online at: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100XI4W.pdf, accessed September 14, 2022. 5 Southern California Association of Governments. 2019. Final Federal Safer, Affordable, Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Rule Part I (Supplemental Report). Available online at: http://www.scag.ca.gov/committees/CommitteeDocLibrary/EEC_Item8_RC_Item10%20Supplemental%20Report .pdf City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 12 Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and identify necessary changes or actions to meet the objectives of Executive Order 13990. Executive Order 13390 also directs the EPA to consider whether to propose suspending, revising, or rescinding the standards previously revised under the “The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021 -2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks,” promulgated in April 2020. On January 27, 2021, President Biden signed Executive Order 14008, "Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad," to declare the Administration’s policy to move quickly to build resilience, both at home and abroad, against the impacts of climate change that are already manifest and will continue to intensify according to current trajectories. In line with these Executive Order directives, CEQ is reviewing the 2020 NEPA regulations and plans to publish a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to identify necessary revisions in order to comply with the law; meet the environmental, climate change, and environmental justice objectives of Executive Orders 13990 and 14008; ensure full and fair public involvement in the NEPA process; provide regulatory certainty to stakeholders; and promote better decision making consistent with NEPA’s statutory requirements. This phase 1 rulemaking will propose a narrow set of changes to the 2020 NEPA regulations to address these goals. 3.2 State of California California Air Resources Board The California Air Resources Board (CARB) is responsible for the coordination and oversight of State and local air pollution control programs in California. Various statewide and local initiatives to reduce California’s contribution to GHG emissions have raised awareness about climate change and its potential for severe long-term adverse environmental, social, and economic effects. California is a significant emitter of CO2 equivalents (CO2e) in the world and produced 459 million gross metric tons of CO2e in 2013. In the State, the transportation sector is the largest emitter of GHGs, followed by industrial operations such as manufacturing and oil and gas extraction. The State of California legislature has enacted a series of bills that constitute the most aggressive program to reduce GHGs of any state in the nation. Some legislation, such as the landmark Assembly Bill (AB) 32, California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, was specifically enacted to address GHG emissions. Other legislation, such as Title 24 building efficiency standards and Title 20 appliance energy standards, were originally adopted for other purposes such as energy and water conservation, but also provide GHG reductions. This section describes the major provisions of the legislation. Assembly Bill 32 (California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006) AB 32 instructs the CARB to develop and enforce regulations for the reporting and verification of statewide GHG emissions. AB 32 also directed CARB to set a GHG emissions limit based on 1990 levels, to be achieved City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 13 by 2020. It set a timeline for adopting a scoping plan for achieving GHG reductions in a technologically and economically feasible manner. 2017 CARB Scoping Plan CARB adopted the Scoping Plan to achieve the goals of AB 32. The Scoping Plan establishes an overall framework for the measures that would be adopted to reduce California’s GHG emissions. CARB determined that achieving the 1990 emissions level would require a reduction of GHG emissions of approximately 29 percent below what would otherwise occur in 2020 in the absence of new laws and regulations (referred to as “business-as-usual”).6 The Scoping Plan evaluates opportunities for sector- specific reductions, integrates early actions and additional GHG reduction measures by both CARB and the State’s Climate Action Team, identifies additional measures to be pursued as regulations, and outlines the adopted role of a cap-and-trade program.7 Additional development of these measures and adoption of the appropriate regulations occurred through the end of 2013. Key elements of the Scoping Plan include: • Expanding and strengthening existing energy efficiency programs, as well as building and appliance standards. • Achieving a statewide renewables energy mix of 33 percent by 2020. • Developing a California cap-and-trade program that links with other programs to create a regional market system and caps sources contributing 85 percent of California’s GHG emissions (adopted in 2011). • Establishing targets for transportation-related GHG emissions for regions throughout California and pursuing policies and incentives to achieve those targets (several sustainable community strategies have been adopted). • Adopting and implementing measures pursuant to existing State laws and policies, including California’s clean car standards, heavy-duty truck measures, the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (amendments to the Pavley Standard adopted 2009; Advanced Clean Car standard adopted 2012), goods movement measures, and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (adopted 2009). • Creating targeted fees, including a public goods charge on water use, fees on gasses with high global warming potential, and a fee to fund the administrative costs of the State of California’s long-term commitment to AB 32 implementation. • The California Sustainable Freight Action Plan was developed in 2016 and provides a vision for California’s transition to a more efficient, more economically competitive, and less polluting freight transport system. This transition of California’s freight transport system is essential to supporting the State’s economic development in coming decades while reducing pollution. 6 CARB defines business-as-usual (BAU) in its Scoping Plan as emissions levels that would occur if California continued to grow and add new GHG emissions but did not adopt any measures to reduce emissions. Projections for each emission-generating sector were compiled and used to estimate emissions for 2020 based on 2002–2004 emissions intensities. Under CARB’s definition of BAU, new growth is assumed to have the same carbon intensities as was typical from 2002 through 2004. 7 The Climate Action Team, led by the secretary of the California Environmental Protection Agency, is a group of State agency secretaries and heads of agencies, boards, and departments. Team members work to coordinate statewide efforts to implement global warming emissions reduction programs and the State’s Climate Adaptation Strategy. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 14 • CARB’s Mobile Source Strategy demonstrates how the State can simultaneously meet air quality standards, achieve GHG emission reduction targets, decrease health risk from transportation emissions, and reduce petroleum consumption over the next fifteen years. The mobile Source Strategy includes increasing ZEV buses and trucks. In 2012, CARB released revised estimates of the expected 2020 emissions reductions. The revised analysis relied on emissions projections updated in light of current economic forecasts that accounted for the economic downturn since 2008, reduction measures already approved and put in place relating to future fuel and energy demand, and other factors. This update reduced the projected 2020 emissions from 596 million metric tons of CO2e (MMTCO2e) to 545 MMTCO2e. The reduction in forecasted 2020 emissions means that the revised business-as-usual reduction necessary to achieve AB 32’s goal of reaching 1990 levels by 2020 is now 21.7 percent, down from 29 percent. CARB also provided a lower 2020 inventory forecast that incorporated State-led GHG emissions reduction measures already in place. When this lower forecast is considered, the necessary reduction from business-as-usual needed to achieve the goals of AB 32 is approximately 16 percent. CARB adopted the first major update to the Scoping Plan on May 22, 2014. The updated Scoping Plan summarizes the most recent science related to climate change, including anticipated impacts to California and the levels of GHG emissions reductions necessary to likely avoid risking irreparable damage. It identifies the actions California has already taken to reduce GHG emissions and focuses on areas where further reductions could be achieved to help meet the 2020 target established by AB 32. In 2016, the Legislature passed Senate Bill (SB) 32, which codifies a 2030 GHG emissions reduction target of 40 percent below 1990 levels. With SB 32, the Legislature passed companion legislation, AB 197, which provides additional direction for developing the Scoping Plan. On December 14, 2017 CARB adopted a second update to the Scoping Plan 8. The 2017 Scoping Plan details how the State will reduce GHG emissions to meet the 2030 target set by Executive Order B-30-15 and codified by SB 32. Other objectives listed in the 2017 Scoping Plan are to provide direct GHG emissions reductions; support climate investment in disadvantaged communities; and support other Federal actions. 2022 CARB Scoping Plan Adopted December 15, 2022, CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality (2022 Scoping Plan) sets a path to achieve targets for carbon neutrality and reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions by 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045 in accordance with AB 1279. To achieve the targets of AB 1279, the 2022 Scoping Plan relies on existing and emerging fossil fuel alternatives and clean technologies, as well as carbon capture and storage. Specifically, the 2022 Scoping Plan focuses on zero-emission transportation; phasing out use of fossil gas use for heating homes and buildings; reducing chemical and refrigerants with high GWP; providing communities with sustainable options for walking, biking, and public transit; displacement of fossil-fuel fired electrical generation through use of renewable energy alternatives (e.g., solar arrays and wind turbines); and scaling up new options such as green hydrogen. The 2022 Scoping Plan sets one of the most aggressive approaches to reach carbon neutrality in the world. Unlike the 2017 Scoping Plan, CARB no longer includes a numeric per capita threshold and instead 8 California Air Resources Board, California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan, November 2017. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 15 advocates for compliance with a local GHG reduction strategy (i.e., Climate Action Plan) consistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15183.5. The key elements of the 2022 CARB Scoping Plan focus on transportation. Specifically, the 2022 Scoping Plan aims to rapidly move towards zero-emission transportation (i.e., electrifying cars, buses, trains, and trucks), which constitutes California’s single largest source of GHGs. The regulations that impact the transportation sector are adopted and enforced by CARB on vehicle manufacturers and are outside the jurisdiction and control of local governments. The 2022 Scoping Plan accelerates development of new regulations as well as amendments to strengthen regulations and programs already in place. Included in the 2022 Scoping Plan is a set of Local Actions (2022 Scoping Plan Appendix D) aimed at providing local jurisdictions with tools to reduce GHGs and assist the state in meeting the ambitious targets set forth in the 2022 Scoping Plan. Appendix D to the 2022 Scoping Plan includes a section on evaluating plan-level and project-level alignment with the State’s Climate Goals in CEQA GHG analyses. In this section, CARB identifies several recommendations and strategies that should be considered for new development in order to determine consistency with the 2022 Scoping Plan. Notably, this section is focused on Residential and Mixed-Use Projects.9 CARB specifically states that Appendix D does not address other land uses (e.g., industrial).10 However, CARB plans to explore new approaches for other land use types in the future.11 As such, it would be inappropriate to apply the requirements contained in Appendix D of the 2022 Scoping Plan to any land use types other than residential or mixed-use residential development. Senate Bill 32 (California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006: Emissions Limit) Signed into law in September 2016, SB 32 codifies the 2030 GHG reduction target in Executive Order B- 30-15 (40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030). The bill authorizes CARB to adopt an interim GHG emissions level target to be achieved by 2030. CARB also must adopt rules and regulations in an open public process to achieve the maximum, technologically feasible, and cost-effective GHG reductions. SB 375 (The Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008) Signed into law on September 30, 2008, SB 375 provides a process to coordinate land use planning, regional transportation plans, and funding priorities to help California meet the GHG reduction goals established by AB 32. SB 375 requires metropolitan planning organizations to include sustainable 9 California Air Resources Board, 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality, Appendix D: Local Actions, Page 21, November 2022. 10 California Air Resources Board, 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality, Appendix D: Local Actions, Page 4, November 2022. 11 California Air Resources Board, 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality, Appendix D: Local Actions, Page 21, November 2022. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 16 community strategies in their regional transportation plans for reducing GHG emissions, aligns planning for transportation and housing, and creates specified incentives for the implementation of the strategies. AB 1493 (Pavley Regulations and Fuel Efficiency Standards) AB 1493, enacted on July 22, 2002, required CARB to develop and adopt regulations that reduce GHGs emitted by passenger vehicles and light duty trucks. Implementation of the regulation was delayed by lawsuits filed by automakers and by the EPA’s denial of an implementation waiver. The EPA subsequently granted the requested waiver in 2009, which was upheld by the by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in 2011. The regulations establish one set of emission standards for model years 2009–2016 and a second set of emissions standards for model years 2017 to 2025. By 2025, when all rules will be fully implemented, new automobiles will emit 34 percent fewer CO2e emissions and 75 percent fewer smog- forming emissions. In 2019 the EPA published the SAFE Rule that revoked California’s waiver. However, the EPA is currently reconsidering the SAFE rule pursuant to Presidential Executive Order 13390. SB 1368 (Emission Performance Standards) SB 1368 is the companion bill of AB 32, which directs the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) to adopt a performance standard for GHG emissions for the future power purchases of California utilities. SB 1368 limits carbon emissions associated with electrical energy consumed in California by forbidding procurement arrangements for energy longer than 5 years from resources that exceed the emissions of a relatively clean, combined cycle natural gas power plant. The new law effectively prevents California’s utilities from investing in, otherwise financially supporting, or purchasing power from new coal plants located in or out of the State. The CPUC adopted the regulations required by SB 1368 on August 29, 2007. The regulations implementing SB 1368 establish a standard for baseload generation owned by, or under long-term contract to publicly owned utilities, for 1,100 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour. SB 1078 and SBX1-2 (Renewable Electricity Standards) SB 1078 requires California to generate 20 percent of its electricity from renewable energy by 2017. SB 1078 changed the due date to 2010 instead of 2017. On November 17, 2008, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order S-14-08, which established a Renewable Portfolio Standard target for California requiring that all retail sellers of electricity serve 33 percent of their load with renewable energy by 2020. Executive Order S-21-09 also directed CARB to adopt a regulation by July 31, 2010, requiring the State’s load serving entities to meet a 33 percent renewable energy target by 2020. CARB approved the Renewable Electricity Standard on September 23, 2010, by Resolution 10-23. SBX1-2, which codified the 33 percent by 2020 goal. SB 350 (Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act of 2015) Signed into law on October 7, 2015, SB 350 implements the goals of Executive Order B-30-15. The objectives of SB 350 are to increase the procurement of electricity from renewable sources from 33 percent to 50 percent (with interim targets of 40 percent by 2024, and 25 percent by 2027) and to double the energy efficiency savings in electricity and natural gas end uses of retail customers through energy efficiency and conservation. SB 350 also reorganizes the Independent System Operator to develop more City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 17 regional electricity transmission markets and improve accessibility in these markets, which will facilitate the growth of renewable energy markets in the western United States. AB 398 (Market-Based Compliance Mechanisms) Signed on July 25, 2017, AB 398 extended the duration of the Cap-and-Trade program from 2020 to 2030. AB 398 required CARB to update the Scoping Plan and for all GHG rules and regulations adopted by the State. It also designated CARB as the statewide regulatory body responsible for ensuring that California meets its statewide carbon pollution reduction targets, while retaining local air districts’ responsibility and authority to curb toxic air contaminants and criteria pollutants from local sources that severely impact public health. AB 398 also decreased free carbon allowances over 40 percent by 2030 and prioritized Cap- and-Trade spending to various programs including reducing diesel emissions in impacted communities. SB 150 (Regional Transportation Plans) Signed on October 10, 2017, SB 150 aligns local and regional GHG reduction targets with State targets (i.e., 40 percent below their 1990 levels by 2030). SB 150 creates a process to include communities in discussions on how to monitor their regions’ progress on meeting these goals. The bill also requires the CARB to regularly report on that progress, as well as on the successes and the challenges regions experience associated with achieving their targets. SB 150 provides for accounting of climate change efforts and GHG reductions and identify effective reduction strategies. SB 100 (California Renewables Portfolio Standard Program: Emissions of Greenhouse Gases) Signed into Law in September 2018, SB 100 increased California’s renewable electricity portfolio from 50 to 60 percent by 2030. SB 100 also established a further goal to have an electric grid that is entirely powered by clean energy by 2045. AB 1279 (California Climate Crisis Act) Signed on September 16, 2022, AB 1279 established the goal to achieve net-zero GHG emissions no later than 2045 and net negative thereafter. The bill establishes a goal toward at least an 85 percent reduction target for anthropogenic GHG emissions below statewide emissions limit from Section 36550 of the California Health and Safety Code. AB 1384 (Resiliency Through Adaptation, Economic Vitality, and Equity Act) Signed on September 16, 2022, AB 1384 requires the release of a draft Safeguarding California Plan by January 1, 2024, and every three years thereafter. The intent of AB 1384 is to prioritize the most vulnerable communities, ecosystems, and economic sectors in the State’s climate adaptation and resilience strategy set forth in the Safeguarding California Plan by ensuring that all State departments and agencies accurately identify, collaboratively prepare for, and are sufficiently resourced to adequately City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 18 respond to the impacts of climate change, such as extreme weather events, the urban heat island effect, habitat loss, wildfire, sea level rise, and drought. CARB Advanced Clean Truck Regulation CARB adopted the Advanced Clean Truck Regulation in June 2020 requiring truck manufacturers to transition from diesel trucks and vans to electric zero-emission trucks beginning in 2024. By 2045, every new truck sold in California is required to be zero-emission. This rule directly addresses disproportionate risks and health and pollution burdens and puts California on the path for an all zero-emission short-haul drayage fleet in ports and railyards by 2035, and zero-emission “last-mile” delivery trucks and vans by 2040. The Advanced Clean Truck Regulation accelerates the transition of zero-emission medium-and heavy-duty vehicles from Class 2b to Class 8. The regulation has two components including a manufacturer sales requirement, and a reporting requirement: • Zero-Emission Truck Sales: Manufacturers who certify Class 2b through 8 chassis or complete vehicles with combustion engines are required to sell zero-emission trucks as an increasing percentage of their annual California sales from 2024 to 2035. By 2035, zero-emission truck/chassis sales need to be 55 percent of Class 2b – 3 truck sales, 75 percent of Class 4 – 8 straight truck sales, and 40 percent of truck tractor sales. • Company and Fleet Reporting: Large employers including retailers, manufacturers, brokers and others would be required to report information about shipments and shuttle services. Fleet owners, with 50 or more trucks, would be required to report about their existing fleet operations. This information would help identify future strategies to ensure that fleets purchase available zero-emission trucks and place them in service where suitable to meet their needs. Executive Orders Related to GHG Emissions California’s Executive Branch has taken several actions to reduce GHGs using executive orders. Although not regulatory, they set the tone for the State and guide the actions of state agencies. Executive Order S-3-05. Executive Order S-3-05 was issued on June 1, 2005, which established the following GHG emissions reduction targets: • By 2010, reduce GHG emissions to 2000 levels. • By 2020, reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels. • By 2050, reduce GHG emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels. The 2050 reduction goal represents what some scientists believe is necessary to reach levels that will stabilize the climate. The 2020 goal was established to be a mid-term target. Because this is an executive order, the goals are not legally enforceable for local governments or the private sector. Executive Order S-01-07. Issued on January 18, 2007, Executive Order S 01-07 mandates that a statewide goal shall be established to reduce the carbon intensity of California’s transportation fuels by at least 10 percent by 2020. The executive order established a Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) and directed the City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 19 Secretary for Environmental Protection to coordinate the actions of the California Energy Commission, CARB, the University of California, and other agencies to develop and propose protocols for measuring the “life-cycle carbon intensity” of transportation fuels. CARB adopted the LCFS on April 23, 2009. Executive Order S-13-08. Issued on November 14, 2008, Executive Order S-13-08 facilitated the California Natural Resources Agency development of the 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy. Objectives include analyzing risks of climate change in California, identifying and exploring strategies to adapt to climate change, and specifying a direction for future research. Executive Order S-14-08. Issued on November 17, 2008, Executive Order S-14-08 expands the State’s Renewable Energy Standard to 33 percent renewable power by 2020. Additionally, Executive Order S-21- 09 (signed on September 15, 2009) directs CARB to adopt regulations requiring 33 percent of electricity sold in the State come from renewable energy by 2020. CARB adopted the Renewable Electricity Standard on September 23, 2010, which requires 33 percent renewable energy by 2020 for most publicly owned electricity retailers. Executive Order S-21-09. Issued on July 17, 2009, Executive Order S-21-09 directs CARB to adopt regulations to increase California's RPS to 33 percent by 2020. This builds upon SB 1078 (2002), which established the California RPS program, requiring 20 percent renewable energy by 2017, and SB 107 (2006), which advanced the 20 percent deadline to 2010, a goal which was expanded to 33 percent by 2020 in the 2005 Energy Action Plan II. Executive Order B-30-15. Issued on April 29, 2015, Executive Order B-30-15 established a California GHG reduction target of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and directs CARB to update the Climate Change Scoping Plan to express the 2030 target in terms of million metric tons of CO2e (MMTCO2e). The 2030 target acts as an interim goal on the way to achieving reductions of 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050, a goal set by Executive Order S-3-05. The executive order also requires the State’s climate adaptation plan to be updated every three years and for the State to continue its climate change research program, among other provisions. With the enactment of SB 32 in 2016, the Legislature codified the goal of reducing GHG emissions by 2030 to 40 percent below 1990 levels. Executive Order B-55-18. Issued on September 10, 2018, Executive Order B-55-18 establishes a goal to achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible, and no later than 2045, and achieve and maintain net negative emissions thereafter. This goal is in addition to the existing statewide targets of reducing GHG emissions. The executive order requires CARB to work with relevant state agencies to develop a framework for implementing this goal. It also requires CARB to update the Scoping Plan to identify and recommend measures to achieve carbon neutrality. The executive order also requires state agencies to develop sequestration targets in the Natural and Working Lands Climate Change Implementation Plan. Executive Order N-79-20. Signed in September 2020, Executive Order N-79-20 establishes as a goal that where feasible, all new passenger cars and trucks, as well as all drayage/cargo trucks and off-road vehicles and equipment, sold in California, will be zero-emission by 2035. The executive order sets a similar goal requiring that all medium and heavy-duty vehicles will be zero-emission by 2045 where feasible. It also directs CARB to develop and propose rulemaking for passenger vehicles and trucks, medium-and heavy- duty fleets where feasible, drayage trucks, and off-road vehicles and equipment “requiring increasing volumes” of new zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) “towards the target of 100 percent.” The executive order directs the California Environmental Protection Agency, the California Geologic Energy Management City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 20 Division (CalGEM), and the California Natural Resources Agency to transition and repurpose oil production facilities with a goal toward meeting carbon neutrality by 2045. Executive Order N-79-20 builds upon the CARB Advanced Clean Trucks regulation, which was adopted by CARB in July 2020. California Regulations and Building Codes California has a long history of adopting regulations to improve energy efficiency in new and remodeled buildings. These regulations have kept California’s energy consumption relatively flat even with rapid population growth. Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations. The appliance efficiency regulations (California Code of Regulations [CCR] Title 20, Sections 1601-1608) include standards for new appliances. Twenty-three categories of appliances are included in the scope of these regulations. These standards include minimum levels of operating efficiency, and other cost-effective measures, to promote the use of energy- and water-efficient appliances. Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. California’s Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings (CCR Title 24, Part 6) was first adopted in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption. The standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficient technologies and methods. Energy efficient buildings require less electricity; therefore, increased energy efficiency reduces fossil fuel consumption and decreases GHG emissions. The 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards approved on January 19, 2016 went into effect on January 1, 2017. The 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards were adopted on May 9, 2018 and went into effect on January 1, 2020. Under the 2019 standards, homes will use about 53 percent less energy and nonresidential buildings will use about 30 percent less energy than buildings under the 2016 standards. On August 11, 2021, the CEC adopted the 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (2022 Energy Code). In December, it was approved by the California Building Standards Commission for inclusion into the California Building Standards Code. The 2022 Energy Code encourages efficient electric heat pumps, establishes electric-ready requirements for new homes, expands solar photovoltaic and battery storage standards, strengthens ventilation standards, and more. Buildings whose permit applications are applied for on or after January 1, 2023, must comply with the 2022 Energy Code.12 Title 24 California Green Building Standards Code. The California Green Building Standards Code (CCR Title 24, Part 11 code) commonly referred to as the CALGreen Code, is a statewide mandatory construction code developed and adopted by the California Building Standards Commission and the Department of Housing and Community Development. The CALGreen standards require new residential and commercial buildings to comply with mandatory measures under the topics of planning and design, energy efficiency, water efficiency/conservation, material conservation and resource efficiency, and environmental quality. CALGreen also provides voluntary tiers and measures that local governments may adopt that encourage or require additional measures in the five green building topics. The most recent update to the CALGreen Code went into effect January 1, 2023 (2022 CALGreen). The 2022 CALGreen standards continue to 12 California Energy Commission, 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs -and - topics/programs/building-energy-efficiency-standards/2022-building-energy-efficiency, accessed December 2022. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 21 improve upon the existing standards for new construction of, and additions and alterations to, residential and nonresidential buildings. Warehouse Best Practices and Mitigation The California Department of Justice published recommended best practices and mitigation measures to comply with CEQA, updated in September 2022. The purpose of this document is to provide information on feasible best practices and mitigation measures that have been adapted from warehouse projects in California. Project-specific best practices and measures include warehouse sitting and design considerations such as distance to sensitive receptors, setback requirements, perimeter screening, parking considerations, limitations on idling time, use of zero-emissions operational equipment (e.g., forklifts and yard trucks), and constructing and maintaining electric light-duty vehicle charging stations, among others. 3.3 Regional South Coast Air Quality Management District Thresholds The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) formed a GHG California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Significance Threshold Working Group to provide guidance to local lead agencies on determining significance for GHG emissions in their CEQA documents. As of the last Working Group meeting (Meeting 15) held in September 2010, the SCAQMD is proposing to adopt a tiered approach for evaluating GHG emissions for development projects where SCAQMD is not the lead agency. With the tiered approach, the Project is compared with the requirements of each tier sequentially and would not result in a significant impact if it complies with any tier. Tier 1 excludes projects that are specifically exempt from SB 97 from resulting in a significant impact. Tier 2 excludes projects that are consistent with a GHG reduction plan that has a certified final CEQA document and complies with AB 32 GHG reduction goals. Tier 3 excludes projects with annual emissions lower than a screening threshold. The SCAQMD has adopted a threshold of 10,000 metric tons of CO2e (MTCO2e) per year for industrial projects and a 3,000 MTCO2e threshold was proposed for non-industrial projects but has not been adopted. During Working Group Meeting #7 it was explained that this threshold was derived using a 90 percent capture rate of a large sampling of industrial facilities. During Meeting #8, the Working Group defined industrial uses as production, manufacturing, and fabrication activities or storage and distribution (e.g., warehouse, transfer facility, etc.). The Working Group indicated that the 10,000 MTCO2e per year threshold applies to both emissions from construction and operational phases plus indirect emissions (electricity, water use, etc.). The SCAQMD concluded that projects with emissions less than the screening threshold would not result in a significant cumulative impact. Southern California Association of Governments On September 3, 2020, SCAG’s Regional Council adopted Connect SoCal (2020 - 2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy [2020 RTP/SCS]). The RTP/SCS charts a course for closely integrating land use and transportation so that the region can grow smartly and sustainably. The strategy was prepared through a collaborative, continuous, and comprehensive process with input from local governments, county transportation commissions, tribal governments, non-profit organizations, businesses and local stakeholders within the counties of Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 22 Bernardino, and Ventura. The RTP/SCS is a long-range vision plan that balances future mobility and housing needs with economic, environmental, and public health goals. The SCAG region strives toward sustainability through integrated land use and transportation planning. The SCAG region must achieve specific federal air quality standards and is required by state law to lower regional GHG emissions. 3.4 Local City of Fontana General Plan Update Chapter 10 and Chapter 12 of the General Plan Update outline the goals and policies for resource efficiency and planning for climate change within the City. General Plan policies that relate to climate change include the following: Chapter 10, Infrastructure and Green Systems Goal 7: Fontana is an energy-efficient community. Policy 7.1: Promote renewable energy and distributed energy systems in new development and retrofits of existing development to work towards the highest levels of low-carbon energy-efficiency. Chapter 12, Sustainability and Resilience Goal 3: Renewable sources of energy, including solar and wind, and other energy-conservation strategies are available to city households and businesses. Policy 3.1: Promote renewable energy programs for government, Fontana businesses, and Fontana residences. Goal 5: Green building techniques are used in new development and retrofits. Policy 5.1: Promote green building through guidelines, awards and nonfinancial incentives. Goal 6: Fontana is a leader in energy-efficient development and retrofits. Policy 6.1: Promote incentives for energy-efficient residential and non-residential construction. City of Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Ordinance The City approved and adopted the Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Ordinance (Ordinance No. 1891) on April 12, 2022. It is applicable to all warehouse uses throughout the City, including the proposed Project. The Ordinance will meet and exceed all state and federal environmental standards and would foster the balancing of public health and quality of life issues with the economic and employment opportunities that the goods movement provides the City and its residents. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 23 4 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 Thresholds and Significance Criteria Addressing GHG emissions generation impacts requires an agency to determine what constitutes a significant impact. The amendments to the CEQA Guidelines specifically allow lead agencies to determine thresholds of significance that illustrate the extent of an impact and are a basis from which to apply mitigation measures. This means that each agency is left to determine whether a project’s GHG emissions will have a “significant” impact on the environment. The guidelines direct that agencies are to use “careful judgment” and “make a good-faith effort, based to the extent possible on scientific and factual data, to describe, calculate or estimate” the project’s GHG emissions 13. Based upon the criteria derived from Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project normally would have a significant effect on the environment if it would: • Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment, based on any applicable threshold of significance; or • Conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs. South Coast Air Quality Management District Thresholds On December 5, 2008, the SCAQMD Governing Board adopted a 10,000 MTCO2e industrial threshold for projects where SCAQMD is the lead agency. The SCAQMD GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Working Group defined industrial uses as production, manufacturing, and fabrication activities or storage and distribution (e.g., warehouse, transfer facility, etc.) during Meeting #8. Additionally, the SCAQMD GHG Significance Threshold Stakeholder Working Group has specified that a warehouse is considered to be an industrial project.14 During the GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Working Group Meeting #15, the SCAQMD noted that it was considering extending the industrial GHG significance threshold for use by all lead agencies. Furthermore, the Working Group indicated that the 10,000 MTCO2e per year threshold applies to both emissions from construction and operational phases plus indirect emissions (electricity, water use, etc.). The SCAQMD has not announced when staff is expecting to present GHG thresholds for land use projects where the SCAQMD is not the lead agency to the governing board. The City of Fontana has not adopted project-specific significance thresholds, and instead relies on SCAQMD’s recommended Tier 3 screening thresholds to determine the significance of a project’s GHG emissions. Although this Project proposes an industrial warehouse, the considerable majority of GHG emissions generated in relation to the Project would result from mobile truck emissions, and not stationary industrial sources. Therefore, to provide the most conservative analysis, the City will apply the 13 14 California Code of Regulations, Section 15064.4a 14 South Coast Air Quality Management District, Minutes for the GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Stakeholder Working Group #8, 2009. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 24 3,000 MTCO2e/year screening threshold recommended by SCAQMD for residential and commercial projects, the emissions of which primarily the result of mobile, and not stationary, sources. 4.2 Methodology The Project’s construction and operational emissions were calculated using the California Emissions Estimator Model version 2020.4.0 (CalEEMod). Details of the modeling assumptions and emission factors are provided in Appendix A: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. For construction, CalEEMod calculates emissions from off-road equipment usage and on-road vehicle travel associated with haul, delivery, and construction worker trips. GHG emissions during construction were forecasted based on the proposed construction schedule and applying the mobile-source and fugitive dust emissions factors derived from CalEEMod. The Project’s construction-related GHG emissions would be generated from off-road construction equipment, on-road hauling and vendor (material delivery) trucks, and worker vehicles. The Project’s operational-related GHG emissions would be generated by vehicular traffic, area sources (e.g., landscaping maintenance, consumer products), electrical generation, natural gas consumption, water supply and wastewater treatment, and solid waste. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 25 5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 5.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Threshold 5.1 Would the Project generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that could have a significant impact on the environment? Short-Term Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions The Project would result in direct emissions of GHGs from construction. The approximate quantity of daily GHG emissions generated by construction equipment utilized to build the Project is depicted in Table 2: Construction-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Table 2: Construction -Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions Category MTCO2e 2024 Construction 496 2025 Construction 711 Total Construction Emissions 1,207 30-Year Amortized Construction 40 Source: CalEEMod version 2020.4.0. Refer to Appendix A: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data for model outputs. As shown, the Project would result in the generation of approximately 1,207 MTCO2e over the course of construction. Construction GHG emissions are typically summed and amortized over the lifetime of the Project (assumed to be 30 years), then added to the operational emissions.15 The amortized Project construction emissions would be 40 MTCO2e per year. Once construction is complete, the generation of these GHG emissions would cease. Long-Term Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions Operational or long-term emissions occur over the life of the Project. GHG emissions would result from direct emissions such as Project generated vehicular traffic, on-site combustion of natural gas, and operation of any landscaping equipment. Operational GHG emissions would also result from indirect sources, such as off-site generation of electrical power, the energy required to convey water to, and wastewater from the Project, the emissions associated with solid waste generated from the Project, and any fugitive refrigerants from air conditioning or refrigerators. Total GHG emissions associated with the Project are summarized in Table 3: Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions. As shown in Table 3, the Project would generate approximately 2,528 MTCO2e annually from both construction and operations and the Project. The existing approximately 48,000 square feet of warehouse use located on the Project site generates approximately 1,985 MTCO2e annually and will be removed and replaced by the Project. Existing emissions have been estimated based on CalEEMod default 15 The project lifetime is based on the standard 30-year assumption of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (South Coast Air Quality Management District, Minutes for the GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Stakeholder Working Group #13, August 26, 2009). City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 26 emissions factors for building operations and estimated trip generation. Therefore, the development of the Project would generate approximately 543 MTCO2e net new emissions annually. The net Project- related GHG emissions would not exceed the City’s 3,000 MTCO2e per year threshold. Therefore, the proposed Project would be less than significant, and no mitigation measures are required. Table 3: Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Emissions Source MTCO2e per Year Proposed Emissions Construction Amortized Over 30 Years 40 Area Source <1 Energy 240 Mobile 1,729 Waste 94 Water and Wastewater 272 Off-road Equipment (Electric Equipment) 153 Proposed Total 2,528 Existing Emissions 1,985 Net New Emissions 543 City of Fontana Project Threshold 3,000 Exceeds Threshold? No Source: CalEEMod version 2020.4.0. Refer to Appendix A for model outputs. Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required. Level of Significance: Less than significant impact. 5.2 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan Compliance Threshold 5.2 Would the Project conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions? Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy Consistency On September 3, 2020, SCAG’s Regional Council adopted Connect SoCal (2020 - 2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy [2020 RTP/SCS]). The RTP/SCS is a long-range visioning plan that balances future mobility and housing needs with economic, environmental, and public health goals. The RTP/SCS embodies a collective vision for the region’s future and is developed with input from local governments, county transportation commissions, tribal governments, nonprofit organizations, businesses, and local stakeholders in the counties of Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura. SCAG’s RTP/SCS establishes GHG emissions goals for automobiles and light-duty City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 27 trucks for 2020 and 2035 as well as an overall GHG target for the Project region consistent with both the target date of AB 32 and the post-2020 GHG reduction goals of Executive Orders 5-03-05 and B-30-15. The RTP/SCS contains over 4,000 transportation projects, ranging from highway improvements, railroad grade separations, bicycle lanes, new transit hubs and replacement bridges. These future investments were included in county plans developed by the six county transportation commissions and seek to reduce traffic bottlenecks, improve the efficiency of the region’s network, and expand mobility choices for everyone. The RTP/SCS is an important planning document for the region, allowing project sponsors to qualify for federal funding. The plan accounts for operations and maintenance costs to ensure reliability, longevity, and cost effectiveness. The RTP/SCS is also supported by a combination of transportation and land use strategies that help the region achieve state GHG emissions reduction goals and Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA) requirements, preserve open space areas, improve public health and roadway safety, support our vital goods movement industry, and utilize resources more efficiently. GHG emissions resulting from development-related mobile sources are the most potent source of emissions, and therefore Project comparison to the RTP/SCS is an appropriate indicator of whether the Project would inhibit the post-2020 GHG reduction goals promulgated by the state. The Project’s consistency with the RTP/SCS goals is analyzed in detail in Table 4: Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy Consistency. Table 4: Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy Consistency SCAG Goals Compliance GOAL 1: Encourage regional economic prosperity and global competitiveness. N/A: This is not a project-specific policy and is therefore not applicable. However, the Project is located on an occupied site that is surrounded by development. Redevelopment of the site would contribute to regional economic prosperity. GOAL 2: Improve mobility, accessibility, reliability, and travel safety for people and goods. N/A: This is not a transportation improvement project and is therefore not applicable. GOAL 3: Enhance the preservation, security, and resilience of the regional transportation system. N/A: This is not a transportation improvement project and is therefore not applicable. GOAL 4: Increase person and goods movement and travel choices within the transportation system. N/A: This is not a transportation improvement project and is therefore not applicable. However, the Project includes a warehouse use that would support goods movement. GOAL 5: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality. N/A: The Project is located within a developed area in proximity to existing truck routes and freeways, which would reduce trip lengths, and also reduce GHG and air quality emissions. GOAL 6: Support healthy and equitable communities N/A: As discussed in the Air Quality Assessment and the Health Risk Assessment, the Project would not exceed thresholds or result in health impacts. The Project would not conflict with the surrounding community’s ability to access healthy food or parks. In addition, the Project would be required to comply with the City’s Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Ordinance, ensuring that City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 28 Table 4: Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy Consistency SCAG Goals Compliance impacts to sensitive receptors would be minimized to the extent feasible. GOAL 7: Adapt to a changing climate and support an integrated regional development pattern and transportation network. N/A: This is not a project-specific policy and is therefore not applicable. GOAL 8: Leverage new transportation technologies and data-driven solutions that result in more efficient travel. N/A: This is not a transportation improvement project and is therefore not applicable. However, the Project is located in a developed area in proximity to existing truck routes and freeways. Location of the Project within a developed area would reduce trip lengths, which would result in more efficient travel. GOAL 9: Encourage development of diverse housing types in areas that are supported by multiple transportation options. N/A: The Project involves development of a warehouse and does not include housing. Goal 10: Promote conservation of natural and agricultural lands and restoration of habitats. N/A: This the Project is not located on agricultural or habitat lands. Source: Southern California Association of Governments, Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (Connect SoCal), 2020. The goals stated in the RTP/SCS were used to determine consistency with the planning efforts previously stated. As shown in Table 4, the proposed Project would be consistent with the stated goals of the RTP/SCS. Therefore, the proposed Project would not result in any significant impacts or interfere with SCAG’s ability to achieve the region’s post-2020 mobile source GHG reduction targets. California Air Resource Board Scoping Plan Consistency As previously noted, the 2022 Scoping Plan sets a path to achieve targets for carbon neutrality and reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions by 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045 in accordance with AB 1279. The transportation, electricity, and industrial sectors are the largest GHG contributors in the State. The 2022 Scoping Plan plans to achieve the AB 1279 targets primarily through zero-emission transportation (e.g., electrifying cars, buses, trains, and trucks). Additional GHG reductions are achieved through decarbonizing the electricity and industrial sectors. Statewide strategies to reduce GHG emissions in the latest 2022 Scoping Plan include implementing SB 100, which would achieve 100 percent clean electricity by 2045; achieving 100 percent zero emission vehicle sales in 2035 through Advanced Clean Cars II; and implementing the Advanced Clean Fleets regulation to deploy zero-electric vehicle buses and trucks. Additional transportation policies include the Off-Road Zero-Emission Targeted Manufacturer rule, Clean Off-Road Fleet Recognition Program, In-use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation, Off-Road Zero-Emission Targeted Manufacturer rule, Clean Off- Road Fleet Recognition Program, and Amendments to the In-use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation. The 2022 Scoping Plan would continue to implement SB 375. GHGs would be further reduced through the Cap-and-Trade Program carbon pricing and SB 905. SB 905 requires CARB to create the City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 29 Carbon Capture, Removal, Utilization, and Storage Program to evaluate, demonstrate, and regulate carbon dioxide removal projects and technology. Approximately 83 percent of the Project’s GHG emissions are from energy and mobile sources which would be further reduced by the 2022 Scoping Plan measures described above. It should be noted that the City has no control over vehicle emissions. However, these emissions would decline in the future due to Statewide measures discussed above, as well as cleaner technology and fleet turnover. The Project would not impede the State’s progress towards carbon neutrality by 2045 under the 2022 Scoping Plan. The Project would be required to comply with applicable current and future regulatory requirements promulgated through the 2022 Scoping Plan. Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update As previously discussed, Chapter 10 and Chapter 12 of the General Plan Update outline the goals and policies for resource efficiency and planning for climate change within the City. The Project’s consistency with these goals and policies is discussed in Table 5: Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update. As shown in Table 5, the proposed Project would be consistent with the General Plan Update. Table 5: Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update Goals Project Consistency Chapter 10, Infrastructure and Green Systems Goal 7: Fontana is an energy-efficient community. Consistent. The Project would implement required green building strategies through existing regulation that requires the Project to comply with various CALGreen and the Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Ordinance requirements. The Project includes sustainability design features that support such measures. As such, the project would be consistent with this goal. Chapter 12, Sustainability and Resilience Goal 3: Renewable sources of energy, including solar and wind, and other energy-conservation strategies are available to city households and businesses. Consistent. The electricity provider, SCE, is subject to California’s Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS). The RPS requires investor-owned utilities, electric service providers, and community choice aggregators to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 33 perecent of total procurement by 2020 and to 60 percent of total procurement by 2030. As such, the project would be consistent with this goal. Goal 5: Green building techniques are used in new development and retrofits. Consistent. The Project would comply with the latest Title 24 standards. The Project would implement required green building strategies through existing regulation that requires the Project to comply with various CALGreen requirements. The Project includes sustainability design features that support the Green Building Strategy. As such, the project would be consistent with this goal. Goal 6: Fontana is a leader in energy-efficient development and retrofits. Consistent. The Project would comply with the latest Title 24 standards. The Project would implement required green building strategies through existing regulation that requires the Project to comply with various CALGreen requirements. The Project includes sustainability design features that support the City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 30 Table 5: Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update Goals Project Consistency Green Building Strategy. As such, the project would be consistent with this goal. Source: City of Fontana, General Plan Update 2015-2035, November 2018. The Project is estimated to emit an additional approximately 390 MTCO2e per year directly from on-site activities and indirectly from off-site motor vehicles, see Table 3. As discussed above, the net new GHG emissions caused by long-term operation of the Project would not exceed the City’s 3,000 MTCO2e per year screening threshold, and impacts would be less than significant. As discussed above, the proposed Project would not interfere with SCAG’s ability to achieve the region’s post-2020 mobile source GHG reduction targets. Additionally, Project emissions would be indirectly reduced through the implementation of various Scoping Plan measures, such as the low carbon fuel standard, vehicle emissions standards, building energy efficiency standards, market-based mechanisms (such as the cap-and-trade program) and the Renewable Portfolio Standard. Therefore, the Project would not conflict with the Scoping Plan’s recommended measures and, as such, would not impede implementation of the Scoping Plan. As such, impacts related to consistency with the Scoping Plan would be less than significant. Regarding goals for 2050 under Executive Order S-3-05, at this time it is not possible to quantify the emissions savings from future regulatory measures, as they have not yet been developed; nevertheless, it can be anticipated that operation of the Project would benefit from implementation of current and potential future regulations (e.g., improvements in vehicle emissions, SB 100/renewable electricity portfolio improvements, etc.) enacted to meet an 80 percent reduction below 1990 levels by 2050. In addition, the Project would be required to comply with all applicable standards of the Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Ordinance and final documentation of compliance would be subject to review and approval prior to issuance of applicable permits. Requirements include, but are not limited to the following: • Buffering and Screening / Adjacent uses (Sec. 9-71): include appropriate landscaping buffer between warehouse building and adjacent sensitive receptors; all landscaping shall be drought tolerant, loading docks and truck entries shall be oriented away from abutting sensitive receptors. • Signing and Traffic Patterns (Sec. 9-72): Post anti-idling signage indicating a 3-minute diesel truck idling restriction, prepare and submit a Truck Route Map, provide adequate stacking depth within property (minimum 140 feet). • Alternative Energy (Sec. 9.73): On-site motorized operational equipment shall be zero emission, all building roofs shall be solar ready, at least 10 percent of all passenger vehicle parking spaces shall be electric vehicle (EV) ready, at least 5 percent of all passenger vehicle parking spaces shall City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 31 be equipped with working Level 2 Quick charge EV charging stations, electric plug-in units shall be installed at every dock door servicing refrigerated space, provide bicycle parking. • Operation and Construction (Sec. 9-74): Ensure that electrical rooms are sized to accommodate potential need for additional electrical panels, use super-compliance VOC coatings, use the highest rated CARB Tier technology for construction equipment, use electric-powered hand tools and forklifts. See Appendix B for a preliminary consistency analysis of Project with the Ordinance. The California Department of Justice published recommended best practices and mitigation measures to comply with CEQA, updated in September 2022. Best practices and measures are generally consistent with the requirements of the Ordinance. Therefore, implementation of applicable standards of the Ordinance would include applicable best practices and mitigation measures recommended by the Department of Justice. The Project would not conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency adopted for reducing the emissions of GHGs because the Project would generate low levels of GHGs, and would not impede implementation of the Scoping Plan, or conflict with the policies of the Scoping Plan or any other GHG reduction plan. Therefore, the impacts would be less than significant. 5.3 Cumulative Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation Measures Cumulative Setting Climate change is a global problem. GHGs are global pollutants, unlike criteria air pollutants and TACs, which are pollutants of regional and local concern. Whereas pollutants with localized air quality effects have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes (about 1 day), GHGs have much longer atmospheric lifetimes of 1 year to several thousand years that allow them to be dispersed around the globe. Cumulative Impacts It is generally the case that an individual project of this size and nature is of insufficient magnitude by itself to influence climate change or result in a substantial contribution to the global GHG inventory. GHG impacts are recognized as exclusively cumulative impacts; there are no non-cumulative GHG emission impacts from a climate change perspective. The additive effect of Project-related GHG emissions would not result in a reasonably foreseeable cumulatively considerable contribution to global climate change. In addition, the Project as well as other cumulative related projects would also be subject to all applicable regulatory requirements, which would further reduce GHG emissions. As shown in Table 4 and Table 5, the Project would not conflict with the Fontana General Plan Update, the RTP/SCS, or the CARB Scoping Plan. Therefore, the Project’s cumulative contribution of GHG emissions would be less than significant and the Project’s cumulative GHG impacts would also be less than cumulatively considerable. Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required. Level of Significance: Less than significant impact. City of Fontana Sierra Distribution Facility Air Quality Assessment May 2023 Page | 32 6 REFERENCES 1. California Air Resources Board, 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality, November 2022. 2. California Air Resources Board, California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan, 2017. 3. City of Fontana, General Plan Update 2015-2035, November 2018 4. City of Fontana, Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Ordinance (Ordinance No. 1891), Fontana Municipal Code Article V Section 9-70, April 2022 5. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, 2007. 6. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013. 7. National Research Council, Advancing the Science of Climate Change, 2010. 8. HPA Architecture. Sierra Distribution Facility Site Plan, July 2022. 9. Kimley-Horn, Trip Generation Assessment and Traffic Scoping for the Proposed Sierra Distribution Facility in the City of Fontana, April 2023. 10. San Bernardino County Council of Governments, San Bernardino County Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan, March 2021 11. State of California, Code of Regulations Section 15065.5a, 2018. 12. Southern California Association of Governments, 2020 - 2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (Connect SoCal), 2020. 13. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Minutes for the GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Stakeholder Working Group #13, 2009. 14. U.S. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2016, 2018. 15. U.S. EPA, Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Natural Sources, 2010. 16. U.S. EPA, Midterm Evaluation of Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Years 2022-2025. Available online at: https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and- engines/midterm-evaluation-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas, accessed November 2022. 17. U.S. EPA, Overview of Greenhouse Gases, 2018. Appendix A Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Construction Assumptions Disturbed Area 18.3 Acres 797,148.00 sf Demoliton 48,000 sf building 2,208 tons building 724,000 sf pavement 13,863 tons pavement 16,071 total demolition waste (tons) * Per CalEEMod: 1 SF = 0.046 tons * SF pavement * 0.25 F = CF. CF * 0.037 = CY. CY * 2.07 = tons Cut/Fill -cy import -cy export No piledriving Site Area 18.3 ac Building Area 398.034 KSF Unrefrigerated Warehouse 388.034 KSF Office 10 KSF Landscape 87.217 KSF Pavement 311.90 KSF Project Land Uses Trip Rates % Trips fleet mix LDA 100%93 0.2354 Existing LHDT1 24%73 0.1848 Size (KSF)Trip Rate Daily Trips MHDT 21%63 0.1595 Warehouse 48 8.229167 395 HHDT 55%166 0.4203 Total Trips 395 Proposed Size (KSF)Trip Rate Daily Trips % Trips fleet mix Warehouse 398 1.71 680.58 LDA 100%442 0.6490 LHDT1 25%59 0.0866 MHDT 21%50 0.0734 HHDT 55%130 0.1909 Total Trips 681 Project: Sierra Distribution Center GHG Emissions Construction 2024 496 2025 711 Total 1,208 Amortized 40 Proposed Operations - Unmitigated Area 0 Energy 240 Mobile 1,729 Waste 94 Water 272 Total 2,334 Existing Operations Warehouse 1,985 Net Emissions Proposed Project 2,375 Existing Warehouse 1,985 Net New Emissions 390 Sierra Distribution- Existing South Coast Air Basin, Annual Project Characteristics - Land Use - Construction Phase - Operations Only Trips and VMT - Demolition - Grading - Zero Import/Export Vehicle Trips - Per Trip Generation Assessment Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Fleet Mix - Per Trip Generation Assessment 1.1 Land Usage Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 48.00 1000sqft 1.10 48,000.00 0 1.2 Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Climate Zone Urban 10 Wind Speed (m/s)Precipitation Freq (Days)2.2 31 1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data 1.0 Project Characteristics Utility Company Southern California Edison 2022Operational Year CO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 390.98 0.033CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 0.004N2O Intensity (lb/MWhr) Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadMoistureContent 0 12 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 1 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.0 Emissions Summary tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed 0 15 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 0.00 tblFleetMix HHD 8.6030e-003 0.42 tblFleetMix LDA 0.54 0.24 tblFleetMix LDT1 0.06 0.00 tblFleetMix LDT2 0.18 0.00 tblFleetMix LHD1 0.02 0.18 tblFleetMix LHD2 6.2270e-003 0.00 tblFleetMix MCY 0.02 0.00 tblFleetMix MDV 0.13 0.00 tblFleetMix MH 3.8450e-003 0.00 tblFleetMix MHD 0.01 0.16 tblFleetMix OBUS 8.2900e-004 0.00 tblFleetMix SBUS 7.4100e-004 0.00 tblFleetMix UBUS 5.2100e-004 0.00 tblVehicleTrips DV_TP 5.00 0.00 tblVehicleTrips PB_TP 3.00 0.00 tblVehicleTrips PR_TP 92.00 100.00 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 1.74 8.23 tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 1.74 8.23 tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 1.74 8.23 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 2 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.1 Overall Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr 2022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Maximum 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unmitigated Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr 2022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Maximum 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Mitigated Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Quarter Start Date End Date Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 3 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Highest 2.2 Overall Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Area 0.1958 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.1900e- 003 1.1900e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 1.2700e- 003 Energy 5.2000e- 004 4.7300e- 003 3.9700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 0.0000 24.8977 24.8977 1.7700e- 003 3.0000e- 004 25.0302 Mobile 0.1656 4.2872 1.7214 0.0187 0.7665 0.0385 0.8050 0.2137 0.0368 0.2504 0.0000 1,821.971 5 1,821.971 5 0.0756 0.2419 1,895.938 0 Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 9.1590 0.0000 9.1590 0.5413 0.0000 22.6909 Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3.5215 25.6323 29.1538 0.3639 8.8000e- 003 40.8734 Total 0.3619 4.2920 1.7260 0.0187 0.7665 0.0388 0.8053 0.2137 0.0371 0.2508 12.6805 1,872.502 7 1,885.183 2 0.9825 0.2510 1,984.533 8 Unmitigated Operational CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 4 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.2 Overall Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Area 0.1958 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.1900e- 003 1.1900e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 1.2700e- 003 Energy 5.2000e- 004 4.7300e- 003 3.9700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 0.0000 24.8977 24.8977 1.7700e- 003 3.0000e- 004 25.0302 Mobile 0.1656 4.2872 1.7214 0.0187 0.7665 0.0385 0.8050 0.2137 0.0368 0.2504 0.0000 1,821.971 5 1,821.971 5 0.0756 0.2419 1,895.938 0 Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 9.1590 0.0000 9.1590 0.5413 0.0000 22.6909 Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3.5215 25.6323 29.1538 0.3639 8.8000e- 003 40.8734 Total 0.3619 4.2920 1.7260 0.0187 0.7665 0.0388 0.8053 0.2137 0.0371 0.2508 12.6805 1,872.502 7 1,885.183 2 0.9825 0.2510 1,984.533 8 Mitigated Operational 3.0 Construction Detail Construction Phase Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Demolition Demolition 9/14/2022 9/13/2022 5 0 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 5 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Water Exposed Area Water Unpaved Roads Reduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads OffRoad Equipment Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8.00 81 0.73 Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40 Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8.00 97 0.37 Trips and VMT Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class Hauling Vehicle Class Demolition 5 13.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural Coating – sqft) Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 0 Acres of Paving: 0 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 6 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.2 Demolition - 2022 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 7 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.2 Demolition - 2022 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 8 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Mitigated 0.1656 4.2872 1.7214 0.0187 0.7665 0.0385 0.8050 0.2137 0.0368 0.2504 0.0000 1,821.971 5 1,821.971 5 0.0756 0.2419 1,895.938 0 Unmitigated 0.1656 4.2872 1.7214 0.0187 0.7665 0.0385 0.8050 0.2137 0.0368 0.2504 0.0000 1,821.971 5 1,821.971 5 0.0756 0.2419 1,895.938 0 4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile 4.2 Trip Summary Information 4.3 Trip Type Information Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT Annual VMT Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 395.04 395.04 395.04 1,815,119 1,815,119 Total 395.04 395.04 395.04 1,815,119 1,815,119 Miles Trip %Trip Purpose % Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 16.60 8.40 6.90 59.00 0.00 41.00 100 0 0 4.4 Fleet Mix Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 0.235400 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.184800 0.000000 0.159500 0.420300 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 9 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 5.0 Energy Detail ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Electricity Mitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 19.7492 19.7492 1.6700e- 003 2.0000e- 004 19.8511 Electricity Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 19.7492 19.7492 1.6700e- 003 2.0000e- 004 19.8511 NaturalGas Mitigated 5.2000e- 004 4.7300e- 003 3.9700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 0.0000 5.1485 5.1485 1.0000e- 004 9.0000e- 005 5.1791 NaturalGas Unmitigated 5.2000e- 004 4.7300e- 003 3.9700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 0.0000 5.1485 5.1485 1.0000e- 004 9.0000e- 005 5.1791 5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy Historical Energy Use: N CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 10 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas NaturalGa s Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 96480 5.2000e- 004 4.7300e- 003 3.9700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 0.0000 5.1485 5.1485 1.0000e- 004 9.0000e- 005 5.1791 Total 5.2000e- 004 4.7300e- 003 3.9700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 0.0000 5.1485 5.1485 1.0000e- 004 9.0000e- 005 5.1791 Unmitigated NaturalGa s Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 96480 5.2000e- 004 4.7300e- 003 3.9700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 0.0000 5.1485 5.1485 1.0000e- 004 9.0000e- 005 5.1791 Total 5.2000e- 004 4.7300e- 003 3.9700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 0.0000 5.1485 5.1485 1.0000e- 004 9.0000e- 005 5.1791 Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 11 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 6.1 Mitigation Measures Area 6.0 Area Detail 5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity Electricity Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 111360 19.7492 1.6700e- 003 2.0000e- 004 19.8511 Total 19.7492 1.6700e- 003 2.0000e- 004 19.8511 Unmitigated Electricity Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 111360 19.7492 1.6700e- 003 2.0000e- 004 19.8511 Total 19.7492 1.6700e- 003 2.0000e- 004 19.8511 Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 12 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Mitigated 0.1958 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.1900e- 003 1.1900e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 1.2700e- 003 Unmitigated 0.1958 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.1900e- 003 1.1900e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 1.2700e- 003 6.2 Area by SubCategory ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr Architectural Coating 0.0223 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 0.1735 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Landscaping 6.0000e- 005 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.1900e- 003 1.1900e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 1.2700e- 003 Total 0.1958 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.1900e- 003 1.1900e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 1.2700e- 003 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 13 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 7.1 Mitigation Measures Water 7.0 Water Detail 6.2 Area by SubCategory ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr Architectural Coating 0.0223 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 0.1735 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Landscaping 6.0000e- 005 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.1900e- 003 1.1900e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 1.2700e- 003 Total 0.1958 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.1900e- 003 1.1900e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 1.2700e- 003 Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 14 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category MT/yr Mitigated 29.1538 0.3639 8.8000e- 003 40.8734 Unmitigated 29.1538 0.3639 8.8000e- 003 40.8734 7.2 Water by Land Use Indoor/Out door Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use Mgal MT/yr Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 11.1 / 0 29.1538 0.3639 8.8000e- 003 40.8734 Total 29.1538 0.3639 8.8000e- 003 40.8734 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 15 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 7.2 Water by Land Use Indoor/Out door Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use Mgal MT/yr Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 11.1 / 0 29.1538 0.3639 8.8000e- 003 40.8734 Total 29.1538 0.3639 8.8000e- 003 40.8734 Mitigated 8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste 8.0 Waste Detail Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e MT/yr Mitigated 9.1590 0.5413 0.0000 22.6909 Unmitigated 9.1590 0.5413 0.0000 22.6909 Category/Year CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 16 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 8.2 Waste by Land Use Waste Disposed Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use tons MT/yr Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 45.12 9.1590 0.5413 0.0000 22.6909 Total 9.1590 0.5413 0.0000 22.6909 Unmitigated Waste Disposed Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use tons MT/yr Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 45.12 9.1590 0.5413 0.0000 22.6909 Total 9.1590 0.5413 0.0000 22.6909 Mitigated 9.0 Operational Offroad Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 17 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 11.0 Vegetation 10.0 Stationary Equipment Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type User Defined Equipment Equipment Type Number CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/20/2022 1:51 PMPage 18 of 18 Sierra Distribution- Existing - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Sierra Distribution- Proposed South Coast Air Basin, Annual Project Characteristics - Land Use - Construction Phase - Project Schedule Off-road Equipment - Trips and VMT - Demolition - Grading - Vehicle Trips - Per Trip Generation Assessment Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Per SCAQMD Rules and Regulations, Tier 4 per Fontana Industrial Commerce Center ordinance 1.1 Land Usage Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population General Office Building 10.00 1000sqft 0.23 10,000.00 0 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 388.03 1000sqft 8.91 388,034.00 0 Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces 87.22 1000sqft 2.00 87,217.00 0 Parking Lot 311.90 1000sqft 7.16 311,900.00 0 1.2 Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Climate Zone Urban 10 Wind Speed (m/s)Precipitation Freq (Days)2.2 31 1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data 1.0 Project Characteristics Utility Company Southern California Edison 2026Operational Year CO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 390.98 0.033CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 0.004N2O Intensity (lb/MWhr) CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 1 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Fleet Mix - Per Trip Generation Assessment Waste Mitigation - Per AQ 939 Water Mitigation - Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value tblConstDustMitigation CleanPavedRoadPercentReduction 0 6 tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadMoistureContent 0 12 tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed 0 15 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 1.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 1.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 2.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 5.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 6.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 2.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 1.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 2.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 2.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 2.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 6.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 2.00 tblConstEquipMitigation NumberOfEquipmentMitigated 0.00 12.00 tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 2 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstEquipMitigation Tier No Change Tier 4 Final tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 43.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 300.00 66.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 300.00 173.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 30.00 43.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 43.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 10.00 23.00 tblFleetMix HHD 8.6510e-003 0.19 tblFleetMix LDA 0.54 0.65 tblFleetMix LDT1 0.06 0.00 tblFleetMix LDT2 0.19 0.00 tblFleetMix LHD1 0.02 0.09 tblFleetMix LHD2 6.6070e-003 0.00 tblFleetMix MCY 0.02 0.00 tblFleetMix MDV 0.13 0.00 tblFleetMix MH 3.5830e-003 0.00 tblFleetMix MHD 0.01 0.07 tblFleetMix OBUS 8.1800e-004 0.00 tblFleetMix SBUS 7.4800e-004 0.00 tblFleetMix UBUS 4.9700e-004 0.00 tblVehicleTrips DV_TP 5.00 0.00 tblVehicleTrips PB_TP 3.00 0.00 tblVehicleTrips PR_TP 92.00 100.00 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 2.21 0.00 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 1.74 1.71 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 3 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.0 Emissions Summary tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 0.70 0.00 tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 1.74 1.71 tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 9.74 0.00 tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 1.74 1.71 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 4 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.1 Overall Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr 2024 0.2111 1.9565 1.9861 5.3500e- 003 0.7664 0.0750 0.8414 0.2668 0.0695 0.3363 0.0000 487.8288 487.8288 0.0860 0.0207 496.1362 2025 2.1462 1.7817 2.7732 7.5700e- 003 0.4078 0.0598 0.4676 0.1099 0.0562 0.1661 0.0000 699.2806 699.2806 0.0744 0.0344 711.3877 Maximum 2.1462 1.9565 2.7732 7.5700e- 003 0.7664 0.0750 0.8414 0.2668 0.0695 0.3363 0.0000 699.2806 699.2806 0.0860 0.0344 711.3877 Unmitigated Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr 2024 0.0839 0.4958 2.2125 5.3500e- 003 0.3828 8.6100e- 003 0.3914 0.1257 8.4900e- 003 0.1342 0.0000 487.8285 487.8285 0.0860 0.0207 496.1358 2025 2.0548 0.7454 2.9645 7.5700e- 003 0.3872 0.0118 0.3990 0.1049 0.0116 0.1164 0.0000 699.2803 699.2803 0.0744 0.0344 711.3874 Maximum 2.0548 0.7454 2.9645 7.5700e- 003 0.3872 0.0118 0.3990 0.1257 0.0116 0.1342 0.0000 699.2803 699.2803 0.0860 0.0344 711.3874 Mitigated Construction CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 5 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 9.28 66.80 -8.78 0.00 34.42 84.87 39.62 38.78 84.06 50.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Quarter Start Date End Date Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) 1 6-1-2024 8-31-2024 1.0797 0.2016 2 9-1-2024 11-30-2024 0.8582 0.2636 3 12-1-2024 2-28-2025 0.6759 0.3187 4 3-1-2025 5-31-2025 0.6695 0.3159 5 6-1-2025 8-31-2025 1.7584 1.3112 6 9-1-2025 9-30-2025 1.0715 0.9734 Highest 1.7584 1.3112 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 6 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.2 Overall Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Area 1.6551 9.0000e- 005 0.0102 0.0000 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0198 0.0198 5.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0211 Energy 4.3900e- 003 0.0399 0.0335 2.4000e- 004 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 0.0000 238.7627 238.7627 0.0173 2.7900e- 003 240.0285 Mobile 0.1304 2.5195 2.3274 0.0172 1.2059 0.0193 1.2253 0.3280 0.0184 0.3464 0.0000 1,674.424 3 1,674.424 3 0.0630 0.1766 1,728.611 0 Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 75.9288 0.0000 75.9288 4.4873 0.0000 188.1103 Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 29.0317 213.4610 242.4927 2.9999 0.0726 339.1211 Total 1.7899 2.5595 2.3710 0.0174 1.2059 0.0224 1.2283 0.3280 0.0214 0.3494 104.9604 2,126.667 9 2,231.628 3 7.5674 0.2519 2,495.892 1 Unmitigated Operational CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 7 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.2 Overall Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Area 1.6551 9.0000e- 005 0.0102 0.0000 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0198 0.0198 5.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0211 Energy 4.3900e- 003 0.0399 0.0335 2.4000e- 004 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 0.0000 238.7627 238.7627 0.0173 2.7900e- 003 240.0285 Mobile 0.1304 2.5195 2.3274 0.0172 1.2059 0.0193 1.2253 0.3280 0.0184 0.3464 0.0000 1,674.424 3 1,674.424 3 0.0630 0.1766 1,728.611 0 Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 37.9644 0.0000 37.9644 2.2436 0.0000 94.0552 Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 23.2253 171.0672 194.2925 2.3999 0.0581 271.5968 Total 1.7899 2.5595 2.3710 0.0174 1.2059 0.0224 1.2283 0.3280 0.0214 0.3494 61.1897 2,084.274 0 2,145.463 7 4.7239 0.2374 2,334.312 6 Mitigated Operational 3.0 Construction Detail Construction Phase Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Demolition Demolition 6/1/2024 6/28/2024 5 20 2 Site Preparation Site Preparation 6/29/2024 7/31/2024 5 23 3 Grading Grading 8/1/2024 9/30/2024 5 43 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.70 1.99 3.86 37.58 5.76 6.47 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 8 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 4 Infrastructure Building Construction 10/1/2024 12/31/2024 5 66 5 Building Construction Building Construction 1/1/2025 8/29/2025 5 173 6 Paving Paving 8/1/2025 9/30/2025 5 43 7 Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 8/1/2025 9/30/2025 5 43 OffRoad Equipment Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8.00 81 0.73 Demolition Excavators 3 8.00 158 0.38 Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers 2 8.00 247 0.40 Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8.00 247 0.40 Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8.00 97 0.37 Grading Excavators 2 8.00 158 0.38 Grading Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41 Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40 Grading Scrapers 2 8.00 367 0.48 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8.00 97 0.37 Infrastructure Cranes 1 7.00 231 0.29 Infrastructure Forklifts 3 8.00 89 0.20 Infrastructure Generator Sets 1 8.00 84 0.74 Infrastructure Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7.00 97 0.37 Infrastructure Welders 1 8.00 46 0.45 Building Construction Cranes 1 7.00 231 0.29 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 597,051; Non-Residential Outdoor: 199,017; Striped Parking Area: 23,947 (Architectural Coating – sqft) Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 34.5 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 129 Acres of Paving: 9.16 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 9 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Use Cleaner Engines for Construction Equipment Replace Ground Cover Water Exposed Area Water Unpaved Roads Reduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads Clean Paved Roads Building Construction Forklifts 3 8.00 89 0.20 Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 84 0.74 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7.00 97 0.37 Building Construction Welders 1 8.00 46 0.45 Paving Pavers 2 8.00 130 0.42 Paving Paving Equipment 2 8.00 132 0.36 Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38 Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 78 0.48 Trips and VMT Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class Hauling Vehicle Class Demolition 6 15.00 0.00 1,589.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Site Preparation 7 18.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading 8 20.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Infrastructure 9 334.00 131.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Building Construction 9 334.00 131.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving 6 15.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Architectural Coating 1 67.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 10 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.2 Demolition - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.1720 0.0000 0.1720 0.0260 0.0000 0.0260 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.0224 0.2088 0.1971 3.9000e- 004 9.6000e- 003 9.6000e- 003 8.9200e- 003 8.9200e- 003 0.0000 33.9961 33.9961 9.5100e- 003 0.0000 34.2338 Total 0.0224 0.2088 0.1971 3.9000e- 004 0.1720 9.6000e- 003 0.1816 0.0260 8.9200e- 003 0.0350 0.0000 33.9961 33.9961 9.5100e- 003 0.0000 34.2338 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 1.6200e- 003 0.1035 0.0279 4.5000e- 004 0.0137 6.9000e- 004 0.0144 3.7500e- 003 6.6000e- 004 4.4100e- 003 0.0000 45.1323 45.1323 2.8100e- 003 7.1800e- 003 47.3426 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 4.4000e- 004 3.2000e- 004 4.5700e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.6500e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.6500e- 003 4.4000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 4.5000e- 004 0.0000 1.2759 1.2759 3.0000e- 005 3.0000e- 005 1.2858 Total 2.0600e- 003 0.1038 0.0325 4.6000e- 004 0.0153 7.0000e- 004 0.0160 4.1900e- 003 6.7000e- 004 4.8600e- 003 0.0000 46.4082 46.4082 2.8400e- 003 7.2100e- 003 48.6284 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 11 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.2 Demolition - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.0637 0.0000 0.0637 9.6500e- 003 0.0000 9.6500e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 4.6200e- 003 0.0200 0.2328 3.9000e- 004 6.2000e- 004 6.2000e- 004 6.2000e- 004 6.2000e- 004 0.0000 33.9960 33.9960 9.5100e- 003 0.0000 34.2338 Total 4.6200e- 003 0.0200 0.2328 3.9000e- 004 0.0637 6.2000e- 004 0.0643 9.6500e- 003 6.2000e- 004 0.0103 0.0000 33.9960 33.9960 9.5100e- 003 0.0000 34.2338 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 1.6200e- 003 0.1035 0.0279 4.5000e- 004 0.0131 6.9000e- 004 0.0137 3.6000e- 003 6.6000e- 004 4.2600e- 003 0.0000 45.1323 45.1323 2.8100e- 003 7.1800e- 003 47.3426 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 4.4000e- 004 3.2000e- 004 4.5700e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.5600e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.5700e- 003 4.2000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 4.2000e- 004 0.0000 1.2759 1.2759 3.0000e- 005 3.0000e- 005 1.2858 Total 2.0600e- 003 0.1038 0.0325 4.6000e- 004 0.0146 7.0000e- 004 0.0153 4.0200e- 003 6.7000e- 004 4.6800e- 003 0.0000 46.4082 46.4082 2.8400e- 003 7.2100e- 003 48.6284 Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 12 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.3 Site Preparation - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.2261 0.0000 0.2261 0.1162 0.0000 0.1162 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.0306 0.3125 0.2109 4.4000e- 004 0.0141 0.0141 0.0130 0.0130 0.0000 38.4756 38.4756 0.0124 0.0000 38.7867 Total 0.0306 0.3125 0.2109 4.4000e- 004 0.2261 0.0141 0.2402 0.1162 0.0130 0.1292 0.0000 38.4756 38.4756 0.0124 0.0000 38.7867 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 6.0000e- 004 4.4000e- 004 6.3100e- 003 2.0000e- 005 2.2700e- 003 1.0000e- 005 2.2800e- 003 6.0000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 1.7607 1.7607 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.7744 Total 6.0000e- 004 4.4000e- 004 6.3100e- 003 2.0000e- 005 2.2700e- 003 1.0000e- 005 2.2800e- 003 6.0000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 6.1000e- 004 0.0000 1.7607 1.7607 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.7744 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 13 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.3 Site Preparation - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.0838 0.0000 0.0838 0.0430 0.0000 0.0430 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 5.3500e- 003 0.0232 0.2400 4.4000e- 004 7.1000e- 004 7.1000e- 004 7.1000e- 004 7.1000e- 004 0.0000 38.4756 38.4756 0.0124 0.0000 38.7867 Total 5.3500e- 003 0.0232 0.2400 4.4000e- 004 0.0838 7.1000e- 004 0.0845 0.0430 7.1000e- 004 0.0438 0.0000 38.4756 38.4756 0.0124 0.0000 38.7867 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 6.0000e- 004 4.4000e- 004 6.3100e- 003 2.0000e- 005 2.1500e- 003 1.0000e- 005 2.1700e- 003 5.7000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 5.9000e- 004 0.0000 1.7607 1.7607 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.7744 Total 6.0000e- 004 4.4000e- 004 6.3100e- 003 2.0000e- 005 2.1500e- 003 1.0000e- 005 2.1700e- 003 5.7000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 5.9000e- 004 0.0000 1.7607 1.7607 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.7744 Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 14 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.4 Grading - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.1979 0.0000 0.1979 0.0786 0.0000 0.0786 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.0692 0.6961 0.5960 1.3300e- 003 0.0287 0.0287 0.0264 0.0264 0.0000 117.2170 117.2170 0.0379 0.0000 118.1647 Total 0.0692 0.6961 0.5960 1.3300e- 003 0.1979 0.0287 0.2266 0.0786 0.0264 0.1050 0.0000 117.2170 117.2170 0.0379 0.0000 118.1647 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 1.2500e- 003 9.2000e- 004 0.0131 4.0000e- 005 4.7200e- 003 3.0000e- 005 4.7400e- 003 1.2500e- 003 2.0000e- 005 1.2800e- 003 0.0000 3.6576 3.6576 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 3.6860 Total 1.2500e- 003 9.2000e- 004 0.0131 4.0000e- 005 4.7200e- 003 3.0000e- 005 4.7400e- 003 1.2500e- 003 2.0000e- 005 1.2800e- 003 0.0000 3.6576 3.6576 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 3.6860 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 15 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.4 Grading - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.0733 0.0000 0.0733 0.0291 0.0000 0.0291 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.0164 0.0710 0.7095 1.3300e- 003 2.1800e- 003 2.1800e- 003 2.1800e- 003 2.1800e- 003 0.0000 117.2168 117.2168 0.0379 0.0000 118.1646 Total 0.0164 0.0710 0.7095 1.3300e- 003 0.0733 2.1800e- 003 0.0755 0.0291 2.1800e- 003 0.0313 0.0000 117.2168 117.2168 0.0379 0.0000 118.1646 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 1.2500e- 003 9.2000e- 004 0.0131 4.0000e- 005 4.4700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 4.5000e- 003 1.1900e- 003 2.0000e- 005 1.2200e- 003 0.0000 3.6576 3.6576 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 3.6860 Total 1.2500e- 003 9.2000e- 004 0.0131 4.0000e- 005 4.4700e- 003 3.0000e- 005 4.5000e- 003 1.1900e- 003 2.0000e- 005 1.2200e- 003 0.0000 3.6576 3.6576 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 3.6860 Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 16 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.5 Infrastructure - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.0486 0.4436 0.5335 8.9000e- 004 0.0202 0.0202 0.0190 0.0190 0.0000 76.5102 76.5102 0.0181 0.0000 76.9625 Total 0.0486 0.4436 0.5335 8.9000e- 004 0.0202 0.0202 0.0190 0.0190 0.0000 76.5102 76.5102 0.0181 0.0000 76.9625 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 4.4300e- 003 0.1667 0.0606 7.8000e- 004 0.0273 8.8000e- 004 0.0281 7.8700e- 003 8.4000e- 004 8.7100e- 003 0.0000 76.0512 76.0512 2.8500e- 003 0.0111 79.4173 Worker 0.0320 0.0236 0.3360 1.0000e- 003 0.1209 6.7000e- 004 0.1216 0.0321 6.1000e- 004 0.0327 0.0000 93.7523 93.7523 2.2100e- 003 2.2600e- 003 94.4822 Total 0.0365 0.1903 0.3967 1.7800e- 003 0.1482 1.5500e- 003 0.1497 0.0400 1.4500e- 003 0.0414 0.0000 169.8035 169.8035 5.0600e- 003 0.0133 173.8995 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 17 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.5 Infrastructure - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.0172 0.0862 0.5817 8.9000e- 004 2.8200e- 003 2.8200e- 003 2.8200e- 003 2.8200e- 003 0.0000 76.5101 76.5101 0.0181 0.0000 76.9624 Total 0.0172 0.0862 0.5817 8.9000e- 004 2.8200e- 003 2.8200e- 003 2.8200e- 003 2.8200e- 003 0.0000 76.5101 76.5101 0.0181 0.0000 76.9624 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 4.4300e- 003 0.1667 0.0606 7.8000e- 004 0.0261 8.8000e- 004 0.0270 7.5800e- 003 8.4000e- 004 8.4200e- 003 0.0000 76.0512 76.0512 2.8500e- 003 0.0111 79.4173 Worker 0.0320 0.0236 0.3360 1.0000e- 003 0.1146 6.7000e- 004 0.1153 0.0306 6.1000e- 004 0.0312 0.0000 93.7523 93.7523 2.2100e- 003 2.2600e- 003 94.4822 Total 0.0365 0.1903 0.3967 1.7800e- 003 0.1407 1.5500e- 003 0.1423 0.0382 1.4500e- 003 0.0396 0.0000 169.8035 169.8035 5.0600e- 003 0.0133 173.8995 Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 18 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.6 Building Construction - 2025 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.1183 1.0786 1.3913 2.3300e- 003 0.0456 0.0456 0.0429 0.0429 0.0000 200.6103 200.6103 0.0472 0.0000 201.7893 Total 0.1183 1.0786 1.3913 2.3300e- 003 0.0456 0.0456 0.0429 0.0429 0.0000 200.6103 200.6103 0.0472 0.0000 201.7893 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0113 0.4350 0.1565 2.0000e- 003 0.0715 2.3200e- 003 0.0738 0.0206 2.2200e- 003 0.0228 0.0000 195.7678 195.7678 7.4900e- 003 0.0285 204.4477 Worker 0.0787 0.0556 0.8228 2.5400e- 003 0.3170 1.6700e- 003 0.3186 0.0842 1.5400e- 003 0.0857 0.0000 239.7419 239.7419 5.2300e- 003 5.5500e- 003 241.5258 Total 0.0900 0.4906 0.9793 4.5400e- 003 0.3884 3.9900e- 003 0.3924 0.1048 3.7600e- 003 0.1086 0.0000 435.5098 435.5098 0.0127 0.0341 445.9735 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 19 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.6 Building Construction - 2025 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.0436 0.2225 1.5237 2.3300e- 003 6.8100e- 003 6.8100e- 003 6.8100e- 003 6.8100e- 003 0.0000 200.6101 200.6101 0.0472 0.0000 201.7890 Total 0.0436 0.2225 1.5237 2.3300e- 003 6.8100e- 003 6.8100e- 003 6.8100e- 003 6.8100e- 003 0.0000 200.6101 200.6101 0.0472 0.0000 201.7890 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0113 0.4350 0.1565 2.0000e- 003 0.0684 2.3200e- 003 0.0707 0.0199 2.2200e- 003 0.0221 0.0000 195.7678 195.7678 7.4900e- 003 0.0285 204.4477 Worker 0.0787 0.0556 0.8228 2.5400e- 003 0.3005 1.6700e- 003 0.3022 0.0801 1.5400e- 003 0.0817 0.0000 239.7419 239.7419 5.2300e- 003 5.5500e- 003 241.5258 Total 0.0900 0.4906 0.9793 4.5400e- 003 0.3689 3.9900e- 003 0.3729 0.1000 3.7600e- 003 0.1038 0.0000 435.5098 435.5098 0.0127 0.0341 445.9735 Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 20 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.7 Paving - 2025 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.0197 0.1845 0.3134 4.9000e- 004 9.0000e- 003 9.0000e- 003 8.2800e- 003 8.2800e- 003 0.0000 43.0414 43.0414 0.0139 0.0000 43.3894 Paving 9.3800e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0291 0.1845 0.3134 4.9000e- 004 9.0000e- 003 9.0000e- 003 8.2800e- 003 8.2800e- 003 0.0000 43.0414 43.0414 0.0139 0.0000 43.3894 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 8.8000e- 004 6.2000e- 004 9.1800e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.5400e- 003 2.0000e- 005 3.5600e- 003 9.4000e- 004 2.0000e- 005 9.6000e- 004 0.0000 2.6762 2.6762 6.0000e- 005 6.0000e- 005 2.6961 Total 8.8000e- 004 6.2000e- 004 9.1800e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.5400e- 003 2.0000e- 005 3.5600e- 003 9.4000e- 004 2.0000e- 005 9.6000e- 004 0.0000 2.6762 2.6762 6.0000e- 005 6.0000e- 005 2.6961 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 21 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.7 Paving - 2025 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 6.0300e- 003 0.0261 0.3719 4.9000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 0.0000 43.0414 43.0414 0.0139 0.0000 43.3894 Paving 9.3800e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0154 0.0261 0.3719 4.9000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 0.0000 43.0414 43.0414 0.0139 0.0000 43.3894 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 8.8000e- 004 6.2000e- 004 9.1800e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.3500e- 003 2.0000e- 005 3.3700e- 003 8.9000e- 004 2.0000e- 005 9.1000e- 004 0.0000 2.6762 2.6762 6.0000e- 005 6.0000e- 005 2.6961 Total 8.8000e- 004 6.2000e- 004 9.1800e- 003 3.0000e- 005 3.3500e- 003 2.0000e- 005 3.3700e- 003 8.9000e- 004 2.0000e- 005 9.1000e- 004 0.0000 2.6762 2.6762 6.0000e- 005 6.0000e- 005 2.6961 Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 22 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.8 Architectural Coating - 2025 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Archit. Coating 1.9004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 3.6700e- 003 0.0246 0.0389 6.0000e- 005 1.1100e- 003 1.1100e- 003 1.1100e- 003 1.1100e- 003 0.0000 5.4895 5.4895 3.0000e- 004 0.0000 5.4970 Total 1.9041 0.0246 0.0389 6.0000e- 005 1.1100e- 003 1.1100e- 003 1.1100e- 003 1.1100e- 003 0.0000 5.4895 5.4895 3.0000e- 004 0.0000 5.4970 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 3.9200e- 003 2.7700e- 003 0.0410 1.3000e- 004 0.0158 8.0000e- 005 0.0159 4.2000e- 003 8.0000e- 005 4.2700e- 003 0.0000 11.9535 11.9535 2.6000e- 004 2.8000e- 004 12.0424 Total 3.9200e- 003 2.7700e- 003 0.0410 1.3000e- 004 0.0158 8.0000e- 005 0.0159 4.2000e- 003 8.0000e- 005 4.2700e- 003 0.0000 11.9535 11.9535 2.6000e- 004 2.8000e- 004 12.0424 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 23 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.8 Architectural Coating - 2025 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Archit. Coating 1.9004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 6.4000e- 004 2.7700e- 003 0.0394 6.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 0.0000 5.4895 5.4895 3.0000e- 004 0.0000 5.4970 Total 1.9010 2.7700e- 003 0.0394 6.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 005 0.0000 5.4895 5.4895 3.0000e- 004 0.0000 5.4970 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 3.9200e- 003 2.7700e- 003 0.0410 1.3000e- 004 0.0150 8.0000e- 005 0.0151 4.0000e- 003 8.0000e- 005 4.0700e- 003 0.0000 11.9535 11.9535 2.6000e- 004 2.8000e- 004 12.0424 Total 3.9200e- 003 2.7700e- 003 0.0410 1.3000e- 004 0.0150 8.0000e- 005 0.0151 4.0000e- 003 8.0000e- 005 4.0700e- 003 0.0000 11.9535 11.9535 2.6000e- 004 2.8000e- 004 12.0424 Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 24 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Mitigated 0.1304 2.5195 2.3274 0.0172 1.2059 0.0193 1.2253 0.3280 0.0184 0.3464 0.0000 1,674.424 3 1,674.424 3 0.0630 0.1766 1,728.611 0 Unmitigated 0.1304 2.5195 2.3274 0.0172 1.2059 0.0193 1.2253 0.3280 0.0184 0.3464 0.0000 1,674.424 3 1,674.424 3 0.0630 0.1766 1,728.611 0 4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile 4.2 Trip Summary Information 4.3 Trip Type Information Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT Annual VMT General Office Building 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 663.54 663.54 663.54 3,048,806 3,048,806 Total 663.54 663.54 663.54 3,048,806 3,048,806 Miles Trip %Trip Purpose % Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by General Office Building 16.60 8.40 6.90 33.00 48.00 19.00 77 19 4 Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces 16.60 8.40 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 Parking Lot 16.60 8.40 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 25 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Miles Trip %Trip Purpose % Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 16.60 8.40 6.90 59.00 0.00 41.00 100 0 0 4.4 Fleet Mix Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH General Office Building 0.541801 0.062785 0.185964 0.127448 0.023798 0.006607 0.012341 0.008651 0.000818 0.000497 0.024959 0.000748 0.003583 Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces 0.541801 0.062785 0.185964 0.127448 0.023798 0.006607 0.012341 0.008651 0.000818 0.000497 0.024959 0.000748 0.003583 Parking Lot 0.541801 0.062785 0.185964 0.127448 0.023798 0.006607 0.012341 0.008651 0.000818 0.000497 0.024959 0.000748 0.003583 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 0.649046 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.086640 0.000000 0.073420 0.190900 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 5.0 Energy Detail 5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy Historical Energy Use: N CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 26 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Electricity Mitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 195.3113 195.3113 0.0165 2.0000e- 003 196.3189 Electricity Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 195.3113 195.3113 0.0165 2.0000e- 003 196.3189 NaturalGas Mitigated 4.3900e- 003 0.0399 0.0335 2.4000e- 004 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 0.0000 43.4514 43.4514 8.3000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 43.7096 NaturalGas Unmitigated 4.3900e- 003 0.0399 0.0335 2.4000e- 004 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 3.0300e- 003 0.0000 43.4514 43.4514 8.3000e- 004 8.0000e- 004 43.7096 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 27 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas NaturalGa s Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr General Office Building 34300 1.8000e- 004 1.6800e- 003 1.4100e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.3000e- 004 1.3000e- 004 1.3000e- 004 1.3000e- 004 0.0000 1.8304 1.8304 4.0000e- 005 3.0000e- 005 1.8413 Other Non- Asphalt Surfaces 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 779948 4.2100e- 003 0.0382 0.0321 2.3000e- 004 2.9100e- 003 2.9100e- 003 2.9100e- 003 2.9100e- 003 0.0000 41.6210 41.6210 8.0000e- 004 7.6000e- 004 41.8684 Total 4.3900e- 003 0.0399 0.0335 2.4000e- 004 3.0400e- 003 3.0400e- 003 3.0400e- 003 3.0400e- 003 0.0000 43.4514 43.4514 8.4000e- 004 7.9000e- 004 43.7096 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 28 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas NaturalGa s Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr General Office Building 34300 1.8000e- 004 1.6800e- 003 1.4100e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.3000e- 004 1.3000e- 004 1.3000e- 004 1.3000e- 004 0.0000 1.8304 1.8304 4.0000e- 005 3.0000e- 005 1.8413 Other Non- Asphalt Surfaces 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 779948 4.2100e- 003 0.0382 0.0321 2.3000e- 004 2.9100e- 003 2.9100e- 003 2.9100e- 003 2.9100e- 003 0.0000 41.6210 41.6210 8.0000e- 004 7.6000e- 004 41.8684 Total 4.3900e- 003 0.0399 0.0335 2.4000e- 004 3.0400e- 003 3.0400e- 003 3.0400e- 003 3.0400e- 003 0.0000 43.4514 43.4514 8.4000e- 004 7.9000e- 004 43.7096 Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 29 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity Electricity Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr General Office Building 91900 16.2981 1.3800e- 003 1.7000e- 004 16.3821 Other Non- Asphalt Surfaces 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 109165 19.3599 1.6300e- 003 2.0000e- 004 19.4598 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 900239 159.6534 0.0135 1.6300e- 003 160.4770 Total 195.3113 0.0165 2.0000e- 003 196.3189 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 30 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 6.1 Mitigation Measures Area 6.0 Area Detail 5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity Electricity Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr General Office Building 91900 16.2981 1.3800e- 003 1.7000e- 004 16.3821 Other Non- Asphalt Surfaces 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 109165 19.3599 1.6300e- 003 2.0000e- 004 19.4598 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 900239 159.6534 0.0135 1.6300e- 003 160.4770 Total 195.3113 0.0165 2.0000e- 003 196.3189 Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 31 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Mitigated 1.6551 9.0000e- 005 0.0102 0.0000 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0198 0.0198 5.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0211 Unmitigated 1.6551 9.0000e- 005 0.0102 0.0000 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0198 0.0198 5.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0211 6.2 Area by SubCategory ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr Architectural Coating 0.1900 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 1.4641 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Landscaping 9.3000e- 004 9.0000e- 005 0.0102 0.0000 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0198 0.0198 5.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0211 Total 1.6551 9.0000e- 005 0.0102 0.0000 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0198 0.0198 5.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0211 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 32 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Install Low Flow Bathroom Faucet Install Low Flow Kitchen Faucet Install Low Flow Toilet Install Low Flow Shower Use Water Efficient Irrigation System 7.1 Mitigation Measures Water 7.0 Water Detail 6.2 Area by SubCategory ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr Architectural Coating 0.1900 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 1.4641 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Landscaping 9.3000e- 004 9.0000e- 005 0.0102 0.0000 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0198 0.0198 5.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0211 Total 1.6551 9.0000e- 005 0.0102 0.0000 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0198 0.0198 5.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.0211 Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 33 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category MT/yr Mitigated 194.2925 2.3999 0.0581 271.5968 Unmitigated 242.4927 2.9999 0.0726 339.1211 7.2 Water by Land Use Indoor/Out door Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use Mgal MT/yr General Office Building 1.77734 / 1.08934 6.8145 0.0584 1.4300e- 003 8.7021 Other Non- Asphalt Surfaces 0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 89.7319 / 0 235.6783 2.9414 0.0712 330.4191 Total 242.4927 2.9999 0.0726 339.1211 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 34 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 7.2 Water by Land Use Indoor/Out door Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use Mgal MT/yr General Office Building 1.42187 / 1.02289 5.7499 0.0468 1.1500e- 003 7.2615 Other Non- Asphalt Surfaces 0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 71.7856 / 0 188.5426 2.3531 0.0569 264.3353 Total 194.2925 2.3999 0.0581 271.5968 Mitigated 8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste Institute Recycling and Composting Services 8.0 Waste Detail CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 35 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e MT/yr Mitigated 37.9644 2.2436 0.0000 94.0552 Unmitigated 75.9288 4.4873 0.0000 188.1103 Category/Year 8.2 Waste by Land Use Waste Disposed Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use tons MT/yr General Office Building 9.3 1.8878 0.1116 0.0000 4.6770 Other Non- Asphalt Surfaces 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 364.75 74.0410 4.3757 0.0000 183.4333 Total 75.9288 4.4873 0.0000 188.1103 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 36 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 8.2 Waste by Land Use Waste Disposed Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use tons MT/yr General Office Building 4.65 0.9439 0.0558 0.0000 2.3385 Other Non- Asphalt Surfaces 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 182.375 37.0205 2.1879 0.0000 91.7167 Total 37.9644 2.2436 0.0000 94.0552 Mitigated 9.0 Operational Offroad Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type 10.0 Stationary Equipment Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type User Defined Equipment CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 37 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 11.0 Vegetation Equipment Type Number CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 9/23/2022 9:20 AMPage 38 of 38 Sierra Distribution- Proposed - South Coast Air Basin, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Appendix B Consistency with the Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Consistency with the Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Fontana MC Article V Section 9-70 FSDF Applicable SCs, PDFs, MMs Sec. 9-71. – Buffering and Screening / Adjacent uses. (1) For any Warehouse building larger than 50,000 square feet in size, a ten-foot-wide landscaping buffer shall be required, measured from the property line of all adjacent sensitive receptors. For any Warehouse building larger than 400,000 square feet in size, a twenty-foot-wide landscaping buffer shall be required, measured from the property line of all adjacent sensitive receptors. The buffer area(s) shall include, at a minimum, a solid decorative wall(s) of at least ten feet in height, natural ground landscaping, and solid screen buffering trees, as described below, unless there is an existing solid block wall. For any Warehouse building equal to or less than 50,000 square feet in size, a solid decorative wall(s) of at least ten feet in height shall be required when adjacent to any sensitive receptors. Sensitive receptor shall be defined as any residence including private homes, condominiums, apartments, and living quarters, schools, preschools, daycare centers, in-home daycares, health facilities such as hospitals, long term care facilities, retirement and nursing homes, community centers, places of worship, parks (excluding trails), prisons, and dormitories. There are no sensitive receptors adjacent to the Project boundaries. Therefore, this standard is not applicable. The nearest sensitive receptors (residential uses) are located across Sierra Avenue from the Project site and are located approximately 130 feet from the Project boundaries. The Project would include a minimum 15-foot landscape buffer along the western boundary of the site. (2) Trees shall be used as part of the solid screen buffering treatment. Trees used for this purpose shall be evergreen, drought tolerant, minimum 36-inch box, and shall be spaced at no greater than 40-feet on center. The property owner and any successors in interest shall maintain these trees for the duration of ownership, ensuring any unhealthy or dead trees are replaced timely as needed. This is a site design measure and not directly applicable to GHG. However, the Project would be required to comply with this measure. (3) All landscaping shall be drought tolerant, and to the extent feasible, species with low biogenic emissions. Palm trees shall not be utilized. The Project would comply with this measure by installing drought tolerant landscaping. Palm trees are not included in the landscape plan. (4) All landscaping areas shall be properly irrigated for the life of the facility to allow for plants and trees to maintain growth. This is a site design measure and not directly applicable to GHG. However, the Project would be required to comply with this measure . (5) Trees shall be installed in automobile parking areas to provide at least 35% shade cover of parking areas within fifteen years. Trees shall be planted that are capable of meeting this requirement. The Project would comply with this measure as shown on landscape plans. (6) Unless physically impossible, loading docks and truck entries shall be oriented away from abutting sensitive receptors. To the greatest extent feasible, loading docks, truck entries, and truck drive aisles shall be located away from nearby sensitive receptors. In making feasibility decisions, the City must comply with existing laws and regulations and balance public safety and the site development’s potential impacts to nearby sensitive receptors. Therefore, loading docks, truck entries, and drive aisles may be located nearby sensitive receptors at the discretion of the Planning Director, but any such site design shall include measures designed to minimize overall impacts to nearby sensitive receptors. There are no sensitive receptors abutting the Project site. Additionally, based on the conceptual site plan, loading docks are oriented away from the nearest sensitive receptors to the west of Sierra Avenue. The Project includes a driveway off of Sierra Avenue that would allow access for passenger vehicles only. Truck entry would be permitted via Mango Avenue only, which is approximately 1,400 feet from the nearest sensitive receptor (located to the west of Sierra Avenue). The Project site plan would undergo final site plan review and approvals and appropriate conditions will be implemented by the Planning Director. Consistency with the Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Fontana MC Article V Section 9-70 FSDF Applicable SCs, PDFs, MMs (7) For any Warehouse building larger than 400,000 square feet in size, the building’s loading docks shall be located a minimum of 300 feet away, measured from the property line of the sensitive receptor to the nearest dock door which does not exclusively serve electric trucks using a direct straight-line method. The proposed warehouse is less than 400,000 square feet. However, according to the conceptual site plan, the closest dock door would be located at least 400 feet away from the nearest sensitive receptor property line. Sec. 9-72. – Signage and Traffic Patterns. (1) Entry gates into the loading dock/truck court area shall be positioned after a minimum of 140 feet of total available stacking depth inside the property line. The stacking distance shall be increased by 70 feet for every 20 loading docks beyond 50 docks. Queuing, or circling of vehicles, on public streets immediately pre- or post- entry to an industrial commerce facility is strictly prohibited unless queuing occurs in a deceleration lane or right turn lane exclusively serving the facility. Truck access would be provided via one driveway on Mango Avenue. According to the conceptual site plan, the stacking depth would be approximately 141 feet from the Mango Avenue entry point. The Project would include 54 docks, and therefore an additional 70 feet is not required. (2) Applicants shall submit to the Engineering Department, and obtain approval of, all turning templates to verify truck turning movements at entrance and exit driveways and street intersection adjacent to industrial buildings prior to entitlement approval. Unless not physically possible, truck entries shall be located on Collector Streets (or streets of a higher commercial classification), and vehicle entries shall be designed to prevent truck access on streets that are not Collector Streets (or streets of a higher commercial classification), including, but not limited to, by limiting the width of vehicle entries. Truck turning movements are included on the Site Plan and will be submitted to the Engineering Department for review and verification. (3) Anti-idling signs indicating a 3-minute diesel truck engine idling restriction shall be posted at industrial commerce facilities along entrances to the site and in the dock areas and shall be strictly enforced by the facility operator. The Project would comply with this measure through installation of anti-idling signs. . (4) Prior to issuance of certificate of occupancy facility operators shall establish and submit for approval to the Planning Director a Truck Routing Plan to and from the State Highway System based on the City’s latest Truck Route Map. The plan shall describe the operational characteristics of the use of the facility operator, including, but not limited to, hours of operations, types of items to be stored within the building, and proposed truck routing to and from the facility to designated truck routes that avoids passing sensitive receptors, to the greatest extent possible. The plan shall include measures, such as signage and pavement markings, queuing analysis and enforcement, for preventing truck queuing, circling, stopping, and parking on public streets. Facility operator shall be responsible for enforcement of the plan. A revised plan shall be submitted to by the Planning Director prior to a business license being issued by the City for any new tenant of the property. The Planning Director shall have discretion to determine if changes to the plan are necessary including any additional measures to alleviate truck routing and parking issues that may arise during the life of the facility. A Truck Routing Plan will be prepared and submitted to the Planning Director for review and approval prior to the issuance of the certificate of occupancy. (5) Signs and drive aisle pavement markings shall clearly identify the on-site circulation pattern to minimize unnecessary on-site vehicular travel. (6) Facility operators shall post signs in prominent locations inside and outside of the building indicating that The Project will comply with this measure through the installation of the appropriate signs throughout Consistency with the Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Fontana MC Article V Section 9-70 FSDF Applicable SCs, PDFs, MMs off-site parking for any employee, truck, or other operation related vehicle is strictly prohibited. City may require facility operator to post signs on surface or residential streets indicating that off-site truck parking is prohibited by City ordinance and/or the Truck Routing Plan. the Project site and within neighboring residential areas, as required by the City. (7) Signs shall be installed at all truck exit driveways directing truck drivers to the truck route as indicated in the Truck Routing Plan and State Highway System. The Project will comply with this measure through the installation of appropriate signage at the exit driveways. (8) Signs shall be installed in public view with contact information for a local designated representative who works for the facility operator and who is designated to receive complaints about excessive dust, fumes, or odors, and truck and parking complaints for the site, as well as contact information for the SCAQMD’s on-line complaint system and its complaint call-line: 1-800-288-7664. Any complaints made to the facility operator’s designee shall be answered within 72 hours of receipt. The Project will comply with this measure through the posting of the designated representative’s contact information and the contact information for SCAQMD’s on-line complaint system and call- line. (9) All signs under this Section shall be legible, durable, and weather-proof. All signage installed at the Project site pursuant to this Ordinance will be legible, durable, and weather- proof. (10) Prior to issuance of a business license, City shall ensure for any facility with a building or buildings larger than 400,000 total square feet, that the facility shall include a truck operator lounge equipped with clean and accessible amenities such as restrooms, vending machines, television, and air conditioning.” The proposed warehouse is less than 400,000 square feet. Therefore, this standard is not applicable. Sec. 9-73. – Alternative Energy. (1) On-site motorized operational equipment shall be ZE (zero emission). Al on-site forklifts and yard trucks will be zero emission vehicles. (2) All building roofs shall be solar-ready, which includes designing and constructing buildings in a manner that facilitates and optimizes the installation of a rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system at some point after the building has been constructed. Building code requires solar ready. Inclusion of PV system infrastructure (conduit, reinforced roofs) and solar PV systems can be added as mitigation. See Site Plan general note #18 on sheet DAB-A1.1 (3) The office portion of a building’s rooftop that is not covered with solar panels or other utilities shall be constructed with light colored roofing material with a solar reflective index (“SRI”) of not less than 78. This material shall be the minimum solar reflective rating of the roof material for the life of the building.” See keynote #27 on sheet DAB- A1.1 (4) On buildings over 400,000 square feet, prior to issuance of a business license, the City shall ensure rooftop solar panels are installed and operated in such a manner that they will supply 100% of the power needed to operate all non-refrigerated portions of the facility including the parking areas. The proposed warehouse is less than 400,000 square feet. Therefore, this standard is not applicable. (5) At least 10% of all passenger vehicle parking spaces shall be electric vehicle (EV) ready, with all necessary conduit and related appurtenances installed. At least 5% of all passenger vehicle parking spaces shall be equipped with working Level 2 Quick charge EV charging stations installed and operational, prior to building occupancy. Signage shall be installed indicating EV charging stations and specifying that spaces are reserved for clean air/EV vehicles. Unless superior technology is developed that would replace the EV charging units, facility operator and any successors in interest shall be responsible for maintaining the EV charging stations in working order for the life of the facility. The Project would provide 132 auto parking stalls. Of these, one would be for EV ADA Van; 21 would be for EV charging only; and one would be for EV ADA. In total, EV spaces total 23 stalls, exceeding the 10 percent threshold. See updated tabulation (7) EV (per 5% of city requirements) and (19) EV capable (per 2022 CalGreen) (6) Unless the owner of the facility records a covenant on the title of the underlying property ensuring that the property cannot be used to provide chilled, cooled, or freezer warehouse space, a conduit shall be installed during construction of the building shell from the electrical room to 100% of the loading dock doors that have The Project would not include refrigerated space. The Project would comply with the specifications of this measure Consistency with the Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Standards Fontana MC Article V Section 9-70 FSDF Applicable SCs, PDFs, MMs potential to serve the refrigerated space. When tenant improvement building permits are issued for any refrigerated warehouse space, electric plug-in units shall be installed at every dock door servicing the refrigerated space to allow transport refrigeration units (TRUs) to plug in. Truck operators with TRUs shall be required to utilize electric plug-in units when at loading docks. through either covenants on the title or through the installation of a conduit to provide electric plug-in units at all of the loading dock doors. (7) Bicycle racks are required per Section 30-714 and in the amount required for warehouse uses by Table 30-714 of the Zoning and Development Code. The racks shall include locks as well as electric plugs to charge electric bikes. The racks shall be located as close as possible to employee entrance(s). Nothing in this section shall preclude the warehouse operator from satisfying this requirement by utilizing bicycle parking amenities considered to be superior such as locating bicycle parking facilities indoors or providing bicycle lockers. Bicycle racks are proposed in close proximity to the east and west building entries. Sec. 9-74. – Operation and Construction. (1) Cool surface treatments shall be added to all drive aisles and parking areas or such areas shall be constructed with a solar-reflective cool pavement such as concrete. The Project will comply with this measure. (2) To ensure that warehouse electrical rooms are sufficiently sized to accommodate the potential need for additional electrical panels, either a secondary electrical room shall be provided in the building, or the primary electrical room shall be sized 25% larger than is required to satisfy the service requirements of the building or the electrical gear shall be installed with the initial construction with 25% excess demand capacity. The Project will comply with this measure. (3) Use of super-com pliant VOC architectural and industrial maintenance coatings (e.g., paints) shall be required. The Project will comply with this measure through the use of super compliant VOC. (4) The facility operator shall incorporate a recycling program. The Project will comply with this measure. (5) The following environmentally responsible practices shall be required during construction: a. The applicant shall use reasonable best efforts to deploy the highest rated CARB Tier technology that is available at the time of construction. Prior to permit issuance, the construction contractor shall submit an equipment list confirming equipment used is compliant with the highest CARB Tier at the time of construction. Equipment proposed for use that does not meet the highest CARB Tier in effect at the time of construction, shall only be approved for use at the discretion of the Planning Director and shall require proof from the construction contractor that, despite reasonable best efforts to obtain the highest CARB Tier equipment, such equipment was unavailable. b. Use of electric-powered hand tools, forklifts, and pressure washers. c. Designation of an area in any construction site where electric-powered construction vehicles and equipment can charge. d. Identification in site plans of a location for future electric truck charging stations and installation of a conduit to that location. e. Diesel-powered generators shall be prohibited except in case of emergency or to establish temporary power during construction. The Project will comply with this measure . (6) A Property Maintenance Program shall be submitted for review and approval by the Planning Director or his/her designee prior to the issuance of building permits. The program shall provide for the regular maintenance of building structures, landscaping, and paved surfaces in good physically condition, and appearance. The methods and maximum intervals for maintenance of each component shall be specified in the program. The Project will comply with this measu re. (7) Property owner shall provide facility operator with information on incentive programs such as the Carl Moyer Program and Voucher Incentive Program and shall require all facility operators to enroll in the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s SmartWay Program. The Project will comply with this measure.