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APPENDIX A2
SAN BERNARDINO KANGAROO RAT HABITAT ASSESSMENT
SAN BERNARDINO KANGAROO RAT
HABITAT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED WESTGATE PROJECTS
CITY OF FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Prepared by:
ENVIRA
P. O. Box 2612
Ramona, CA 92065
Phone 619-885-0236
E-mail phvergne@aol.com
Surveys Conducted On:
August 18 and 19, 2023
Prepared For:
UltraSystems Environmental, Inc.
This Phase One Survey and report were conducted and prepared in accordance with professional
requirements for small mammal studies by Philippe Vergne (USFWS Permit TE068072-4).
Philippe Jean Vergne
Philippe Jean Vergne, Field Biologist and Author
INTRODUCTION
Philippe Jean Vergne of ENVIRA was contracted by UltraSystems Environmental, Inc,
(UltraSystems) to conduct a site habitat evaluation and re-mapping of potential habitat for the
San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami parvus [SBKR]) at the Westgate
proposed project sites in the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. The site is
located south of the Highland Channel and north of the San Sevaine Channel. The total
acreage includes areas 7170B (30.8 acres), 7170D (25.4 acres, 7170F (72.1 acres), and 7170G
(33.0 acres); and is located in Township 1 North, Range 6 West, Sections 26, 34, and 35 as
depicted on the Devore, Fontana, Guasti, and Cucamonga Peak, California 7.5' USGS
topographic quadrangle maps, San Bernardino base and meridian.
METHODS
The field surveys provided information on the existing conditions on the site and the potential
for sensitive resources to be present. The field surveys occurred on August 18 and 19, 2023
between the hours of 7:30 and 15:00.
Field surveys were performed by Mr. Philippe Vergne of ENVIRA. Mr. Vergne holds a U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service permit to trap and handle Stephens’ and San Bernardino Kangaroo
rats, Pacific Pocket mouse, and to conduct field studies on sensitive small mammals in
Southern California (TE-060872-4); a California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)
Memorandum of Understanding (now attached to CDFW collection permit) for above
mentioned species and the Mohave ground squirrel, Los Angeles pocket mouse, Palms Springs
pocket mouse, Palm Springs ground squirrel, white-eared pocket mouse, Jacumba pocket
mouse, north-western San Diego pocket mouse, and the Dulzura pocket mouse; and a CDFW
collection permit.
RESULTS
Potential Sensitive Mammal Species on Site
San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat
The SBKR is one of several kangaroo rat species in its range. The Dulzura kangaroo rat
(Dipodomys simulans [DKR]), the Pacific kangaroo rat (Dipodomys agilis [PKR]) and the
Stephens kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi [SKR]) occur in areas occupied by the SBKR,
but these other species have a wider habitat range. The habitat of the SBKR is confined to
primary and secondary alluvial fan scrub habitats, with sandy soils deposited by fluvial (water)
rather than aeolian (wind) processes. Burrows are dug in loose soil, usually near or beneath
shrubs.
The SBKR (Dipodomys merriami parvus) is one of three subspecies of the Merriam’s
kangaroo rat. The Merriam’s kangaroo rat is a widespread species that can be found from the
inland valleys to the deserts. The subspecies known as the SBKR, however, is confined to
inland valley scrub communities, and more particularly, to scrub communities occurring along
rivers, streams, and drainages. Most of these drainages have been historically altered as a
result of flood control efforts and the resulting increased use of river resources, including
mining, off-road vehicle use, and road and housing development. This increased use of river
resources has resulted in a reduction in both the amount and quality of habitat available for the
SBKR. The past habitat losses and potential future losses prompted the emergency listing of
the SBKR as an endangered species on January 27 of 1998 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
1998a).
Northwestern San Diego Pocket Mouse
The northwestern San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodippus fallax fallax) prefers habitat similar
to that preferred by the SBKR. The northwestern San Diego pocket mouse occurs in open,
sandy areas in the valleys and foothills of southwestern California.
The range of this species extends from Orange County to San Diego County and includes
Riverside and San Bernardino counties. This mouse is a California Species of Special Concern
(SSC) whose historical range has been reduced first by agriculture, but also urban
development.
SSC designation of species is based on a series of publications prepared by the CDFW on
declining species of mammals, birds, fishes, amphibians and reptiles. These publications were
intended to focus attention on declining wildlife in California, species that are not currently
listed but may merit listing under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA). Some of the
species identified in these documents have been subsequently listed, or are provided protection
under provisions in CESA. Others have remained on the SSC list, and have not been elevated
to a greater status of protection.
Los Angeles Pocket Mouse
The Los Angeles pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris brevinasus) is one of two pocket
mice found in this area of San Bernardino County. Both the Los Angeles pocket mouse and
the San Diego pocket mouse occupy similar habitats, but the San Diego pocket mouse has a
wider range, extending south into San Diego County. The habitat of the Los Angeles pocket
mouse is confined to lower elevation grasslands and coast sage scrub habitats, in areas with
soils composed of fine sands (Williams, 1986). The present known distribution of this species
extends from Rancho Cucamonga east to Morongo and south to the San Diego County border.
Los Angeles pocket mouse forages in open ground and underneath shrubs. Generally, pocket
mice dig burrows in loose soil, although this has not been completely documented for this
subspecies.
The L.A. pocket mouse is listed as a SSC by the CDFW.
San Diego Desert Woodrat
The San Diego desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida intermedia) is a relatively wide-ranging
species extending along the coast of California from south of San Francisco through to the
border with Baja California. This species also occurs in the Central Valley and the deserts of
southern California and extends along the desert side of the Sierra Nevada into southeastern
Oregon. The coastal species of desert woodrat, the San Diego desert woodrat, prefers scrub
habitats such as coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and alluvial fan sage scrub. It is more common in
areas with rock piles and coarse sandy to rocky soils throughout coastal southern California.
The range of this species extends from just south of Sacramento and the San Francisco area to
the border with Baja California. The coastal subspecies of the widespread Neotoma lepida is
listed as a SSC; however, the San Diego desert woodrat is not listed.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
WEATHER CONDITIONS
Weather conditions during the survey included clear skies, temperatures in the mid-eighties
degrees Fahrenheit, and winds of 0-3 miles per hour (mph).
TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS
The project site consists flat terrain with commercial vineyard. Soils for the project area are
mapped as sandy with river rock. The soils on site are suitable for small mammal and SBKR
occupancy.
SURROUNDING LAND USES
Surrounding land is ruderal/fallow fields and vineyards to the south, roads and highway
systems to the north with some agricultural fields and limited open space north, Housing
developments to the east and west. Paved roads and dirt easements for power line access bisect
the site.
PLANT COMMUNITIES
The majority of the site is covered by a vineyard. Disking and weed abatement between the
vines has left the soils mostly void of vegetation. Small clumps of emergent Riversidian
upland scrub and disturbed annual and ruderal plants occur mostly along the site boundaries
and easements, and between the vines. The soils on site have been severely impacted by
disking or other mechanical means as evidenced by linear furrows traversing the entire site.
WILDLIFE
There are numerous burrows and sign attributable to kangaroo rats on site. Smaller burrows
which could belong to the Los Angeles pocket mouse were also detected. Two potential k-rat
species could occur simultaneously on the property: the Dulzura kangaroo rat (Dipodomys
simulans [DKR]) and the SBKR.
K-rat densities were estimated by walking 50-meter transects and counting all active k-rat
burrows within 6 feet of the right side of the transect lines. Density estimates were derived
from work by Dr. O’Farrel on SKR with acreage density conversions from transects as
follows:
• trace less than 1,
• low 2-3, medium 4 to 7,
• high 8 and above.
In all areas surveyed, small discreet pockets of occupancy higher than those recorded and mapped were
observed.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to determine which species(s) is (are) present on site a trapping survey is required and
will be implemented.
Based on our experience, and consultation with other trappers that have performed surveys in
this general area it is likely that the majority of the k-rat sign observed is probably DKR with a
very limited potential of SBKR presence.
Due to site conditions and the need to determine if trace SBKR occurs within the area, two 5-
day trapping sessions will be required. The LAPM and other potential species would be
trapped at the same time as the k-rat survey.
Based on e-mail correspondence with clients and the need for the USFWS 15 day notification,
weather permitting trapping will be conducted at end of September and first part of October.
K-rat Densities on Westgate Project August 2023
Remnant RSS within Power Line Easement Bisecting Property
Overview of Vineyard and Existing Paved Road
K-rat Burrow near Vine
References
Burt, W. H., 1986. A Field Guide to the Mammals in North American North of Mexico.
Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.
Cadre Environmental, 2002, Etiwanda TT16072 Trapping Report
ENVIRA, 2021 Etiwanda Fan TT16072 SBKR and LAPM Focused Survey. Glenn Luckos and
Associates
Garrett, K. and J. Dunn, 1981. Birds of Southern California. Los Angeles Audubon Society. The
Artisan Press, Los Angeles, California.
Grinnell, J., 1933. Review of the Recent Mammal Fauna of California. University of California
Publications in Zoology, 40:71-234.
Hall, E.R., 1981. The Mammals of North America, Volumes I and II. John Wiley and Sons, New
York, New York.
Hickman, J.C., ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of
California Press.
Ingles, L.G., 1965. Mammals of the Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford,
California.
Laudenslayer, Jr., W.F., W.E. Grenfell, Jr., and D.C. Zeiner, 1991. A Check-list of the
Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of California. California Fish and Game
77:109-141.
McKernan, R.L., 1997. The Status and Known Distribution of the San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat
(Dipodomys merriami parvus): Field surveys conducted between 1987 and 1996. Report
prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Field Office.
McKernan, R.L. 1999. Biological Inventory of the Etiwanda Creek Flood Control Project, San
Bernardino County. Report prepared for the San Bernardino County
Transportation/Flood Control Department, San Bernardino, California.
Munz, P.A., 1974. A Flora of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley,
California.
NRA,2001, SBKR Trapping Report for 130 Acre Etiwanda Project
O’Farrel 1987 Population Density Estimates Camp Pendleton MCRD
Remsen, Jr., J.V., 1978. Bird Species of Special Concern in California. Non-game Wildlife
Investigations. Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report No 78-1. Report
prepared for the California Department of Fish and Game.
Soil Conservation Service, 1980. Soil Survey of San Bernardino County, Southwestern Part,
California.
Stebbins, R.C., 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. Houghton Mifflin
Company, Boston.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1996. Review of plant and animal taxa for listing as endangered
or threatened species; notice of review. Federal Register Vol. 61, No. 40.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998a. Emergency Rule to List the San Bernardino Kangaroo
Rat, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties in Southern California, as Endangered. Vol.
63, No. 17, pp. 3835 - 3843.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998b. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants;
Proposed Rule to List the San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat as Endangered; and Notice of
Public Hearing. Vol. 63, No. 17, pp. 3877 - 3878.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998c. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final
Rule to List the San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat as Endangered, Vol. 63, No. 185, pp.
51005 - 51017.
Williams, D.F., 1986. Mammalian Species of Special Concern in California. Wildlife
Management Division Administrative Report 86-1 prepared for The Resources Agency,
California Department of Fish and Game.