HomeMy WebLinkAboutApp D Tree Survey and Arborist Report
Tree Survey and Arborist Report
For an approximate 17.3-acre Site
On the SE C/O Slover and Catawba Avenues
In the City of Fontana, County of San Bernardino, California
Prepared for:
EPD Solutions
Contact: Danielle Thayer, Project Manager
2355 Main Street, Suite 100
Irvine CA 92614
Prepared by:
CalPacific Sciences
George J Wirtes, MS, RCA #738
ISA Certified Arborist
Report Date: October 19, 2022
Tree Survey and Arborist Report
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1: Executive Summary .......................................................................................... 1
Section 2: Background ....................................................................................................... 2
2.1 - Project Location and Description ....................................................................... 2
2.2 - Site and Vicinity Characteristics ......................................................................... 3
2.3 - Assignment and Scope of Survey ...................................................................... 3
2.4 - Survey Method and Health Assessment ............................................................ 4
2.5 - Hazard Risk Assessment ................................................................................... 4
2.6 - Local Tree Regulation (Fontana Municipal Code Section 28:61-75) .................. 5
2.6.1 - Tree replacement or relocation (Sec. 28-67) ....................................... 6
2.7 - Limitations and Exceptions of Assessment ........................................................ 7
Section 3: Subject Trees and Observations ...................................................................... 8
3.1 - Species Assessment ....................................................................................... 10
Lemon Bottlebrush Callistemon citrinus ................................................................... 11
Citrus aurantifolia ..................................................................................................... 11
Prunus domestica .................................................................................................... 12
3.2 - Observations ................................................................................................... 14
Section 4: Discussion and Recommendations ............................................................... 19
4.1 - Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 19
4.2 - Discussion ....................................................................................................... 19
4.3 - Recommendations ........................................................................................... 19
4.3.1 - Tree Replacement ............................................................................. 19
4.3.2 - Trees Preserved ................................................................................ 19
4.3.3 - Migratory Bird Treaty Act ................................................................... 20
4.3.4 - Tree Protection during Construction .................................................. 20
Section 5: Qualifications Of Arborist ............................................................................... 21
Section 6: References ....................................................................................................... 22
Tree Survey and Arborist Report
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SECTION 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This arborist survey has been performed at the request of EPD Solutions for a proposed commercial
development in the City of Fontana, California. The field survey associated with this report was
performed on September 15 and 22, 2022.
The subject trees were tagged with an aluminum tag containing a unique number. As part of this survey,
details of each tree were recorded, documenting their species, stature, health, local environment as well as
the conditions in which they occur.
In all, 69 trees were assessed onsite involving 15 distinct species. The most prominent species onsite
were Afghan pine (Pinus eldarica) and lemon bottlebrush (Callistemon citrinus), comprising 55.1% of
the trees within the project site. Most of the trees onsite are in fair to good condition, especially those
within the tractor-trailer storage yard. Due to inadequate care, poor irrigation, and lack of maintenance,
12 (17.9%) of the trees show signs of disease, lack of vigor, poor growth form, crowding, etc.
necessitating their removal. One tree within the project boundary, a Deodora cedar (Cedrus deodora),
qualifies as Significant tree based on its species and special status designation with the City. No other
Heritage, or Specimen, or native trees occur onsite.
The City of Fontana’s Municipal Code (Section 2.6.1 below) outlines provisions and guidelines for tree
removal, installation, preservation, and maintenance within the City; this is especially important when
considering native and special status tree species within the City. Recommended mitigation for living
tree removal is replanting in accordance with the Code (see Section 2.6.1 and Appendix B below), or as
approved by the City’s Planning Department.
All trees that are intended for removal as part of a project require a removal permit and must be approved
by the Planning Director. The Director must approve final mitigation involving replacement tree species
and size.
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SECTION 2: BACKGROUND
2.1 - Project Location and Description
The site is located on the SE corner of Catawba and Slover Avenues; it is 5.0-miles east of Interstate 15,
and 0.25-mile south of Interstate 10 in the City of Fontana, California in the County of San Bernardino
(see Figure 1 below). The proposed project includes the improvement of approximately 17.3 acres to a
commercial facility with associated infrastructure, parking, and landscaping.
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2.2 - Site and Vicinity Characteristics
The elevation of the site is approximately 1,000 feet above mean sea level, and the terrain slopes gently to
the southwest. For the vicinity, the Sunset Zone is 18, and the USDA Hardiness Zone is 9b.
USGS describes the geological units below as quaternary alluvium and marine deposits from the
Pleistocene to Holocene period. As indicated in Table 1 below, one distinct soil series occurs within the
site boundary. This soil series is described by the Natural Resource Conservation Service as alluvium,
derived from granite (see Table 1 below).
Table 1. Soils on Site
Map Unit
Symbol Map Unit Name Acres Percent
TuB Tujunga loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes
Setting
• Landform: Alluvial fans
• Parent material: Alluvium derived from granite
Typical profile
• A - 0 to 6 inches: loamy sand
• C1 - 6 to 18 inches: loamy sand
• C2 - 18 to 60 inches: loamy sand
17.3 100.0%
Totals for Area of Interest 17.3 100.0%
The vegetation communities onsite include landscaped, non-native ornamental trees and vegetation as
well as bareground. The site contains several vacant residential structures as well as a tractor/trailer
storage yard.
2.3 - Assignment and Scope of Survey
CalPacific Sciences (CPS) was assigned to conduct a tree survey and health assessment of all trees within
the project area. The survey was performed to identify and enumerate the tree species found within the
project boundary, assess their health, and provide insight as to which trees may be retained as part of the
planned improvement. A health assessment was performed cataloging the health and stature parameters
of each tree onsite. This effort included, but was not limited to; recording total diameter at breast height
(DBH), canopy spread, tree height, apparent disease/decay, other signs of potential hazard, and pest
damage. A potential risk assessment was also conducted keeping public safety in mind. All
documentation in this report is in compliance with standards and requirements published by the
International Society of Arboriculture (ISA). This report includes recommendations and mitigation
measures meant to satisfy all applicable ordinances and permit guidelines.
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2.4 - Survey Method and Health Assessment
Prior to the field survey, the City of Fontana’s website was accessed to review specific tree protection
guidelines. An aerial photograph was used as a visual guide during the assessment. A handheld Global
Positioning System (GPS) device and GPS-enabled smartphone with digitized project boundaries were
used to identify the location of each subject tree. The crown-width was estimated by pacing, and the
height of each subject tree was visually estimated using a tangent height gauge. These data were recorded
on field sheets, and associated aluminum numeric tags were affixed to trees on the north side at BH for
later reference.
Tree status (relative condition, stature, and health) was conducted by ISA arborist/biologist, George
Wirtes from ground level with the aid of binoculars. Canopy spread was assessed by pacing. To estimate
wood integrity, a rubber mallet was occasionally used to assess possible decay within the tree stem and
flare. As indicated earlier, no invasive procedures were performed. Visual characteristics were recorded
on field sheets, and twig/leaf samples as well as digital photographs were taken as needed to assure
accurate identification. Overall health and general appearance of each tree was numerically rated
(Health/General Appearance Rating - 1-Good, 2-Fair, 3-Poor, 4-Decline/dead) based on the
aforementioned conditions. The local environment was also assessed in relation to the tree species and
conditions of its location (Local Environment Rating - 1-Good, 2-Fair, 3-Poor, 4-Inappropriate). For this
rating, the species was considered in relation to the environment. Other conditions were also considered
such as fence lines, utilities, competing canopies, grade cuts/slope, etc.
The position of the subject trees was recorded using a GPS whose data was exported into GIS for periodic
illustration over aerial photographs.
2.5 - Hazard Risk Assessment
The International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) recommends a Hazard Assessment be included with
arborist reports. Such an assessment is an important component of any report and is critical if trees are to
be located near public areas such as parks, walkways, residences, and buildings. This tree assessment
includes a Level 2 Basic Risk Assessment as defined by ISA Best Management Practices. This type of
assessment is limited to evaluating trees and obvious signs of defects such as:
• Dead or broken structures
• Cracks
• Weakly attached branches and co-dominant stems
• Missing or decayed wood
• Unusual tree architecture or distribution
• Obvious loss of root support
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A risk rating is assigned to each tree based on its defects, aesthetics, apparent health, location and the
nearby targets (people or property). As defined by ISA The ratings are defined below:
1. Low - Low-risk category applies when consequences are negligible, and likelihood is unlikely, or
consequences are minor, and likelihood is somewhat likely.
2. Moderate - Moderate risk situations are those for which consequences are minor and likelihood is
very likely or likely or likelihood is somewhat likely, and the consequences are significant or
severe.
3. High - High-risk situations are those for which consequences are significant and likelihood is
very likely or likely or Consequences are severe, and likelihood is likely.
4. Extreme - The extreme risk category applies in situations in which failure is imminent and there is
a high likelihood of impacting the target and the consequence of the failure is severe. The tree
risk assessor should recommend that mitigation measures be taken as soon as possible.
It is impossible to maintain a tree free of risk. A tree is considered hazardous when it has a structural
defect that predisposes it to failure, and it is located near a target.
• A target is person or property that may sustain potential injury or property damage if a tree or a
portion of a tree fails.
• Target areas include sidewalks, walkways, roads, vehicles, structures, playgrounds, or any other
area where people are likely to gather.
• Structurally sound and healthy trees may also be hazardous if they interfere with utilities,
roadways, walkways, and sidewalks, or if they obstruct motorist vision.
• Common hazards include dead and diseased trees, dead branches including bark, stubs from
topping cuts, broken branches (hangers), multiple leaders, tight-angled crotches, and an unbalanced
crown. Evaluation of risk is as follows: 1-Good, 2-Fair, 3-Poses risk, and 4-Hazardous.
2.6 - Local Tree Regulation (Fontana Municipal Code Section 28:61-75)
Chapter 28.61-75 of the FMC (or Code) addresses tree protection, maintenance, and replacement policies.
It outlines special status trees, such as a “Heritage tree”, “Significant tree”, and “Specimen tree” and the
procedures necessary to replacing them within a property. As stated in the City’s Code, “Except as
provided in section 28-65, no person shall remove or cause the removal of any heritage, significant or
specimen tree unless a tree removal permit is first obtained.”
Heritage tree means any tree which:
1. Is of historical value because of its association with a place, building, natural feature or event of
local, regional or national historical significance as identified by city council resolution; or
2. Is representative of a significant period of the city's growth or development (windrow tree,
European Olive tree); or
3. Is a protected or endangered species as specified by federal or state statute; or
4. Is deemed historically or culturally significant by the city manager or his or her designee because
of size, condition, location or aesthetic qualities.
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Windrow means a series of trees (minimum of four), usually a variety of eucalyptus, planted in a closely
spaced line no more than ten feet apart to provide a windbreak for the protection of property and/or
agricultural crops.
Significant tree means any tree that is one of the following species:
Genus/species Common name
• Juglans californica Southern California black walnut
• Quercus agrifollia Coast live oak
• Cedrus deodora Deodora cedar
• Platanus racemosa California (western) sycamore
• Platanus acerifolia London plane
Specimen tree is defined as a mature tree (which is not a heritage or significant tree) which is an excellent
example of its species in structure and aesthetics and warrants preservation, relocation or replacement as
provided in sections 28.66, 28.67 and 28.68. Specimen trees shall not include any tree located on a private
parcel of property of less than one acre zoned for residential use.
2.6.1 - Tree replacement or relocation (Sec. 28-67)
According to the Code, Heritage, Significant or Specimen tree preservation on the site is preferred to
relocation or replacement. Relocation is subject to a written report by a certified arborist on the feasibility
of transplanting the subject tree. In the event that a permit is issued by the City for the removal of any
heritage, significant or specimen tree as provided in sections 28-64 and -68, such trees removed shall be
replaced with a species designated by the staff according to the following guidelines, unless the staff
determines that replacement is inappropriate.
• Windrow means a series of trees (minimum of four), usually a variety of Eucalyptus, planted in a
closely spaced line no more than ten feet apart to provide a windbreak for the protection of
property and/or agricultural crops.
• Where existing eucalyptus windrows are to be removed along the existing or ultimate public
right-of-way (R.O.W.), as shown within the circulation element of the city's general plan, they
shall be replaced with appropriate street trees to be determined by the staff of not less than a 15-
gallon size in a ratio of one tree from the city's approved tree list for every one removed.
Eucalyptus windrow trees not along the existing public right-of-way which cannot be preserved
or relocated shall be replaced according to the guidelines established within the Code.
• All heritage and significant trees shall be replaced with a species designated by the designated
staff according to the species, age, size, structure, and trunk diameter, graded on a scale from ten
percent to 100 percent according to Tables No. I and II (see Appendices A and B for grading and
replacement matrix).
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2.7 - Limitations and Exceptions of Assessment
This survey was conducted in a manner that draws upon past education, acquired knowledge, training,
experience, and research. It was conducted to the greatest extent feasible, and although the information
gathered reduces risk of tree failure/decline, it does not fully remove it. It must be noted that the arborist
could not gain access to three small residential properties at the northeastern corner of the property.
Observations and conclusions were based on limited appearance of the tree canopies only on six trees
(untagged (UT) trees 1 – 5 (see Figure 2 below)). In addition, it is possible that, despite the arborist’s
best efforts, small, obscured, inaccessible trees in these properties may have been overlooked. The
greatest care feasible was taken to avoid this. Therefore, a full assessment of the final five trees was not
performed and a limited assessment was only attainable from a distance via binoculars.
No diagnostic testing was performed during this assessment. This survey associated with this Arborist
Report included no soil sampling, root excavation, trunk coring/drilling or any other invasive procedure.
The determinations of damage due to pest infestation and decay were made solely on outward appearance
and inspection of the tree structures. Not all tree defects may be visible from the ground. Epiphytic
growth and debris can also obscure defects on the stem and in the canopy of a tree. Arborists cannot
detect every condition that could possibly lead to the structural failure of a tree. Trees are living
organisms subject to attack by disease, insects, fungi and other forces of nature. Many aspects of tree
health and environmental conditions are often not detectable (internal decay, poor root anchoring, etc.).
Arborists cannot guarantee that a tree will be healthy or safe under all circumstances, or for a specified
period of time.
The statements made in this report do not take into account the effects of climate/wind extremes,
vandalism, or accident (whether physical, chemical, or fire). In addition, this area is known to have
periodic, high velocity Santa Ana winds from transient high-pressure ridges CalPacific Sciences cannot,
therefore, accept any liability in connection with these factors, or where prescribed work is not carried out
in a correct and professional manner in accordance with current ISA good practice. The authority of this
report ceases at any stated time limit within it, after one year from the date of the survey (if none stated),
when any site conditions change, or after pruning (or other activity) not specified in this report.
The goal of this survey is to recommend measures to limit risk exposure while enhancing the beauty and
health of each tree onsite. Clients may choose to accept or disregard the recommendations contained
within this report, or seek additional advice. To live near trees is to accept some degree of risk. The only
way to eliminate all risk is to remove all trees onsite.
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SECTION 3: SUBJECT TREES AND OBSERVATIONS
During the site survey, specific measurements and parameters of all trees onsite were recorded on tree
assessment worksheets; these data have been transferred to the table in Appendix A at the end of this
document. In all, 69 trees consisting of 15 distinct species were assessed (see Figure 2 below). Note:
Trees tagged with a number preceded by UT could not be directly accessed and tagged. The age of the
trees onsite ranged from mature to senescent and the health from rigorous to dead.
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Tree Survey and Arborist Report
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3.1 - Species Assessment
During the survey, tree assessments were conducted according to general ISA and City requirements;
GPS waypoints were recorded, as were specific details of each tree. The tree species represented onsite
are characterized in detail below (as well as their count/abundance), and a table of each specimen’s
characteristics is provided in Appendix A of this report. In general, the species onsite were appropriate
for the location.
Common Name
Botanical Name Species Profile Qty.
Afghan pine
Pinus eldarica
This species is drought resistant. It is native to Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Northern Iran and Northern Iraq and thrives in hot dry climates and poor soils.
Its growth habit is erect or spreading and requires ample growing space. It has a
conical Shape with evergreen foliage.
Height: 30 - 80 feet. Width: 15 - 25 feet.
Growth Rate: 36 Inches per Season.
Longevity 50 to 150 years. Exposure Full Sun to Partial Shade.
It tolerates moist to dry soil. Its branch strength rated as medium strong and its
root damage potential rated as moderate. It is susceptible to aphids.
22
Chinese elm
Ulmus parvifolia This species is drought tolerant, but is susceptible to Texas root rot in the desert.
It has same problems as other elms but not as extensively. Susceptible to Dutch
elm disease, but relatively few pests and diseases compared to other elms. This
species is from the Ulmaceae (elm) family Native to China, Japan, north Korea,
and Vietnam. Its form is erect, spreading or weeping and requires ample growing
space. Its growth habit is oval, rounded or umbrella shape with evergreen to
partly deciduous foliage.
Height: 40 - 60 feet. Width: 50 - 70 feet.
Growth Rate: 36 or More Inches per Season. Longevity 50 to 150 years. It
tolerates full Sun to Partial Shade and prefers moist Soil.
Clay, loam or sand texture. Susceptible to aphids, beetle borers, beetle leaves,
caterpillars and scales, Dutch elm disease, oak root rot, phytophthora, root rot,
sooty mold and verticillium. Its branch strength is rated as medium weak to
medium and root damage potential is rated as moderate.
2
Crape myrtle
Lagerstroemia indica
The Crape Myrtle tree is native to China and is a commonly used single or multi-
trunk tree. It is commonly used as in the urban setting in Southern California for
its flowering, foliage, and bark features. Erect or Spreading with a Low Canopy.
Has Deciduous foliage.
Height: 25 feet. Width: 25 feet.
Growth Rate: 24 Inches per Year.
Longevity 50 to 150 years. Exposure Full Sun. Moist to Dry Soil.
Drought tolerant. Clay, Loam or Sand Texture.
Branch Strength Rated as Medium.
Root Damage Potential Rated as Low.
Susceptible to Aphids, Powdery Mildew and Sooty Mold.
7
Deodar Cedar
Cedrus deodara
This tree species is native to Eastern Afghanistan, Northern Pakistan, and North-
central India. It has a conical shape and a spreading form requiring ample space. 1
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It is an Evergreen with a height of 40 to 60 feet, and a width of 20 to 30 feet
growing approximately 36 inches per year. Its longevity is approximately 150
years. Sunset Zones 3 - 10 and 14 – 24, USDA Hardiness Zones 7 - 9. It prefers
full sun to partial shade in moist to dry soil and is considered drought tolerant. It
tolerates clay loam or sand texture the soil that is either highly acidic too highly
alkaline in soil ph. Its branch strength is rated as medium and is writ damage
potential is rated as moderate. It is resistant to Verticillium. Susceptible to beetle
borers, Armillaria, Phytophthora, root rot and sooty mold.
Grapefruit tree
Citrus × paradisi
This species is native to Barbados and is best suited for hot inland areas. This
species has fragrant flowers. It has a compact and erect or spreading canopy. It
has a rounded, umbrella or vase shape with evergreen foliage. It needs good
drainage.
Height: 25 - 30 feet. Width: 15 - 25 feet.
Growth Rate: 24 Inches per Season. Longevity 50 to 150 years. This species
thrives in Sunset Zones 8, 9, and 12 – 24 and USDA Hardiness Zones 10 - 12. It
prefers Exposure to Full Sun with Moist Soil composed of Clay, Loam or Sand
Texture with a Highly Acidic to Highly Alkaline Soil pH. Its branch strength
rated as medium and root damage potential is rated as moderate.
2
Honey Mesquite
Prosopis glandulosa
The tree is from the Fabaceae (Pea) family and is native to the Southwestern
United States and Northern Mexico. Its SelecTree Water Use Rating is Low. It
grows in Sunset zones: 10 – 13 and 18 – 24, as well as in USDA zones: 10 and
11. It tolerates Full Sun exposure in Loam or Sand soil texture with a soil pH of
Acidic to Alkaline.
Maximum tree height: 35 feet
Canopy width: 25-35 feet
Growth rate: ~12-36 in/year
Its root damage potential is low, and this tree is deer resistant and attracts birds,
mammals. Its branches droop but resist breakage.
6
Lemon Bottlebrush
Callistemon citrinus
This evergreen species is commonly grown as a shrub, or as a single-trunked
standard tree. It is a tough, reliable evergreen species, with red brush-like flowers
in hanging clusters. It is native to Eastern Australia and is from the
family Myrtaceae.
Its canopy is Rounded in Shape.
Height: 20 - 25 feet. Width: 25 feet.
It has a Growth Rate of 36 Inches per Year and can live 40 to 150 years. Its
shading capacity rated as dense in leaf.
Sunset Zones 8, 9 and 12 - 24; H1, H2. USDA Hardiness Zones 9 - 11.
This species prefers exposure to full sun to partial shade.
It thrives in moist to dry soil and is a drought tolerant tree. It tolerates clay, loam
or sand textured soil that is slightly acidic to highly alkaline in pH. It is
susceptible to chlorosis.
Its branch strength rated as medium and its root damage potential rated as low.
16
Lemon tree
Citrus aurantifolia
This evergreen species is native to Asia and is very sensitive to cold; it is one of
the least hardy of the citrus. Needs good drainage. Lemon is one of the least
hardy of the citrus. Eureka and Lisbon are common varieties. Lisbon best inland.
Citrus grafted to sour orange root stock is resistant to Texas Root Rot. Produces
fruit all year along the coast. It has rounded, umbrella canopy that is low lying.
Height: 5 - 10 feet. Width: 5 - 10 feet.
Growth Rate: 24 Inches per Season.
Longevity 50 to 150 years.
1
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Its water use rating is rated as medium. It thrives in Sunset Zones 8 - 9, 12 – 24
as well as USDA zones 9, 10, 11. It prefers full sun exposure with loam or sandy
soil texture and a soil pH of very acidic to very alkaline.
Its branch strength rated as medium, and its root damage potential is rated as low.
Lime tree
Citrus aurantifolia
This species is native to southeastern Asia and is very sensitive to cold; it is one
of the least hardy of the citrus. It has rounded, umbrella or vase shape habit and
has evergreen foliage.
Height: 10 - 15 feet. Width: 5 - 10 feet.
Growth Rate: 24 Inches per Season.
Longevity 50 to 150 years.
Its water use rating is rated as medium. It thrives in Sunset Zones 12 - 13, 16 –
24. As well as USDA zones 10, 11, 12. It prefers full shade to full sun with
loam or sandy soil texture and a soil pH: slightly acidic to very alkaline.
Its branch strength rated as medium, and its root damage potential is rated as low.
1
Plum
Prunus domestica
This species requires annual pruning for quality fruit. Favorable plant climate
zones depend on varieties. Its growth habit is erect or spreading with a low oval,
rounded or umbrella shaped canopy. It has deciduous foliage.
Height: 10 - 15 feet. Width: 10 - 15 feet.
Growth Rate: 24 Inches per Season.
Longevity 40 to 150 years. Exposure Full Sun. Moist Soil.
Clay, Loam or Sand Texture. Susceptible to Aphids, Beetle Borers, Caterpillars
and Spider Mites, Anthracnose, Fire Blight, Brown Rot, Canker, Crown Rot,
Gummosis, Powdery Mildew, Root Rot, Rust, Sooty Mold and Verticillium.
Its branch strength is rated as medium weak and root damage potential is rated as
low.
1
Queen Palm
Syagrus romanzoffiana
The queen palm (also known as Cocos palm), is a palm native to South America.
This species has evergreen foliage and grows to a height of 50 feet and a width of
20 - 30 feet. It can grow 24 or more inches per year.
The longevity of this species is 50 to 150 years. Leaves are referred to as fronds
and remain green throughout the year.
Sunset zones 12, 13, 15 - 17 and 19 - 24; H1, H2. USDA hardiness zones 10 -
11. This tree prefers full sun and well-drained soil composed of clay, loam or
sand texture. This species is tolerant to salinity lending itself to good seaside
tolerance near the coast. This species is resistant to Texas root rot. Susceptible to
scales and spider mites, butt rot, armillaria and root rot.
5
Red Cascade Weeping
Bottlebrush
Callistemon viminalis 'Red
Cascade'
This evergreen tree species from the family Myrtaceae is native range is western
Australia. The branches droop but resist breakage. The tree shape is
rounded or weeping. This tree can attain a height up to 30 feet, and its canopy
width is 15 to 20 feet wide. This tree can grow 12-36 in. per year. Its leaf
arrangement and form are Alternate, Simple Leaf/leaflet. The tree shape is spear-
shaped and the leaf color is green. Its Water Use Rating is Low. The Sunset
zones are 6 - 9, 12 – 24, and the USDA zones are 9, 10, 11. It prefers sun
exposure of full Sun. The preferred soil texture includes loam, sand or clay soil
with pH ranging acidic to alkaline.
1
Shamel Ash
Fraxinus uhdei
This large tree species is in the Fraxinus family and is used widely in Southern
California. It is native to Mexico, and had a growth habit that is erect or
spreading and requires ample growing space.
Oval Shape. Has Evergreen to Partly Deciduous foliage.
Height: 80 feet. Width: 60 feet.
1
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Growth Rate: 36 or More Inches per Season.
Longevity 50 to 150 years. SelecTree Water Use Rating: Medium. It grows in
Sunset zones 9, 12 – 24 and USDA zones 8, - 10. It tolerates exposure full sun to
partial shade and moist to dry soil. It tolerates clay, loam or sand texture.
Susceptible to aphids, scales and white fly, fusarium, root rot, sooty mold and
verticillium. Its branch strength is rated as medium weak and root damage
potential is rated as high. This species is resistant to oak root fungus and is
susceptible to Texas root rot
Tree of Heaven **
Ailanthus altissima
This invasive tree species is native to China and grows rapidly. This deciduous
tree tolerates hot and dry conditions, wind, air pollution, and difficult soils.
However, is weedy and less desirable in most landscape situations. Can grow
taller under some conditions. Cal-IPC (California Invasive Plant Council)
classifies the invasiveness of this plant as moderate. Has Deciduous foliage.
Height: 40 - 60 feet. Width: 40 - 60 feet.
Growth Rate: 36 or More Inches per Year.
Longevity Less than 50 years.
Sunset Zones 2 - 24. USDA Hardiness Zones 4 - 8.
It tolerates full sun to full shade and wet to dry soil with clay, loam or sand
texture. Its branch strength rated as weak and root damage potential rated as
moderate.
2
white mulberry
Morus alba
This species is native to China and has a Spreading with an oval, rounded or
umbrella shaped high canopy. It has deciduous foliage.
Height: 30 - 50 feet. Width: 30 - 50 feet.
Growth Rate: 36 or More Inches per Season.
Longevity 50 to 150 years. Exposure Full Sun to Partial Shade.
Moist to Dry Soil.
Clay, Loam or Sand Texture.
It is susceptible to beetle borers, caterpillars, spider mites and white fly,
chlorosis, crown rot, fusarium, oak root rot, leaf blight, phytophthora and root rot.
Its branch strength rated as weak. Its root damage potential rated as high.
1
* California native tree species
** Cal-IPC (California Invasive Plant Council) invasive tree species
Source: UFEI 2022
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3.2 - Observations
During the tree survey associated with this report, many observations relating to tree health, structure, and
local environment were noted. Many of the noteworthy instances are provided in the plates below.
Plate 1. This is a view of brown leaf tips, possibly due to
inadequate irrigation (#943).
Plate 2. This is a view of utility lines running through a
canopy (#946).
Plate 3. This is a view of exudation of tree sap from a wound
(#953).
Plate 4. This is a view of a tree with a severe lean and
compensatory root strain (#956).
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Plate 5. This is a view of a poorly formed trunk flare and
stature (#960).
Plate 6. This is a view of longitudinal stem canker (#965).
Plate 7. This is a view of included bark between codominant
stems (#985).
Plate 8. This is another view of included bark
between codominant stems (#988).
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Plate 9. This is a view of a large mid-stem canker (#991).
Plate 10. This is a view of a distressed tree
with dry foliage (#997).
Plate 11. This is a view of canopy dieback (#998).
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Plate 12. This is an eastern aerial view of properties that could not be accessed to closely inspect the trees (see
Section 2.7 above). Assessments were made based on partial canopy observations only.
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Plate 13. This is an southeastern view from the northwestern portion of the property showing the trees on the
perimeter and residences to the top-left of the photo.
Tree Survey and Arborist Report
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SECTION 4: DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 - Conclusion
In all, 69 trees were assessed onsite involving 15 distinct species. The most prominent species onsite
were Afghan pine (Pinus eldarica) and lemon bottlebrush (Callistemon citrinus), comprising 55.1% of
the trees within the project site. Most of the trees onsite are in fair to good condition, especially those
within the tractor-trailer storage yard. Due to inadequate care, poor irrigation, and lack of maintenance,
12 (17.9%) of the trees show signs of disease, lack of vigor, poor growth form, crowding, etc.
necessitating their removal. One tree within the project boundary, a Deodora cedar (Cedrus deodora),
qualifies as Significant tree based on its species. No other Heritage, or Specimen, or native trees occur
onsite.
4.2 - Discussion
As indicated, most of the trees are regularly maintained for and adequately irrigated. There is a variety of
species within the property that contribute to the local urban forest. Several species of fruit trees were
noted as well one invasive species (tree of heaven) listed as by Cal-IPC.
4.3 - Recommendations
4.3.1 - Tree Replacement
The City’s Municipal Code provides for special status (Heritage, Significant, and Specimen) and non-
status tree replacement, as shown in Appendix B below. Tree viability (health, vigor, growth form, etc.)
directly affects the mitigation requirement within the Code for any tree removal. Appendix A below
includes a rating as well as a special status indication (if any) for each tree located within the project site.
Appendix B below contains Tables I through IV from the City’s Code that can be used by the landscape
architect to determine the size and quantity of the trees needed to be installed for each tree removed.
Recommended mitigation for special status and non-status living tree removal is replanting in accordance
with the Code (see Section 2.6.1 above), or as approved by the City’s Planning department. Removal of
any trees must be preceded by authorization from the City’s Planning Department.
4.3.2 - Trees Preserved
Removal of living, native and non-native trees may result a biological impact. If it is decided to preserve
any trees onsite, an ongoing maintenance and monitoring are recommended; this is to ensure public safety
and minimize liability due to potential tree failure. Strategic pruning compliant with ISA standards must
be performed to subordinate non-primary, codominant stems, and canopy deadwood should be removed.
Regular care and maintenance are recommended according to ISA standards. Note: there were instances
along Slover Ave. where Afghan pine canopies are interfering with the utility lines.
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4.3.3 - Migratory Bird Treaty Act
Pursuant to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and CDFG Code, removal of any trees, shrubs, or any
other potential nesting habitat should be conducted outside the avian nesting season. The nesting season
generally extends from early February through August, but can vary slightly from year to year based upon
seasonal weather conditions.
4.3.4 - Tree Protection during Construction
Building/grading near trees requires that they are healthy at the start of the project for the stand to recover
well. Some older trees have little tolerance for root damage or other stress factors. Younger, more vital
trees are more tolerant of changes in their surroundings. However, each change in soil compaction,
irrigation, under plantings, and other condition takes some of an older tree’s strength and vigor and
further diminishes its health. The main stresses and risks of construction are:
• Soil compaction
• Lack of water or changes in the site hydrology
• Change of grade in the root zone
• Physical damage to tree roots and structure
• Dumping of potentially toxic construction wastes
• Lack of pest control and other care
• Dust
• Human error
Mature trees take a long time to heal from, or respond to, injury. It could take 10 years for some trees to
make a visible improvement in health after construction impacts occur. On the other hand, it could take
10 years for a tree to visibly start declining after cutting roots, compacting the soil, or raising the grade.
Measures within the City's municipal code supersede any conflicting guidelines below.
1. Dripline fencing must be placed a minimum of 1 foot in radius from the tree per 1 inch of
diameter at breast height (for example, 6-inch trunk = 6 feet protection radius/12 feet diameter).
2. Dripline fencing must be erected so that it is visible and structurally sound enough to deter
construction equipment, foot traffic, and the storing of equipment under tree canopies.
3. Raising or lowering the grade in the root zone of trees can be fatal or ruin the health of trees for
years to come. Grade change and soil compaction force out the oxygen and literally press the life
out of the soil. A retaining wall can be used to minimize the amount of the root zone that is
affected, but it is essential that the footing is not continuous. Gravel and aeration pipes should be
placed inside the retaining wall before the fill is placed. Consult with a qualified civil engineer
for proper design calculations.
Tree Survey and Arborist Report
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4. Trenching within the protection zone must be avoided wherever possible. Most of the roots are in
the top 1 to 2 feet of soil, and trenching can sever a large percentage of roots.
5. Oil from construction equipment, cement, concrete washout, acid washes, paint, and solvents are
toxic to tree roots. Signs should be posted on the fencing around trees notifying contractors of the
fines for dumping. Portable latrines that are washed out with strong detergents can damage the
fine roots of the trees. Portable latrines should not be placed near trees, nor where frequent and
regular foot traffic to them will compact the soil below the trees.
6. Construction creates large amounts of dust, and the oaks and any other trees to be preserved will
need to be kept clean. Dust reduces photosynthesis on all trees. Strict dust control measures
must be implemented during construction to minimize this impact, and an occasional rinsing with
a solution of water and insecticidal soap will help control pests.
SECTION 5: QUALIFICATIONS OF ARBORIST
Mr. Wirtes is a Certified Arborist with the International Society of Arboriculture (CH-08084) and a
member of the American Society of Consulting Arborists. Mr. Wirtes was certified in November of 2005
and has conducted numerous tree assessments for residential properties that involve oak and other tree
species. Most notably, Mr. Wirtes has created an oak regeneration plan for a 2.3-acre project site in
Ventura County as mitigation within a specific plan development. He has performed numerous tree
surveys is Riverside, San Bernardino, and Los Angeles Counties on sites with as many as 400 trees. Mr.
Wirtes’ education includes a Bachelor of Science in Biology and a Master of Science in Environmental
Science from California State University at Fullerton.
I certify that the details stated herein this report are true and accurate:
________________________________________________________________
George Wirtes, MS
ISA Certified Arborist, CH-08084
Tree Survey and Arborist Report
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SECTION 6: REFERENCES
Calflora. 2022. Website at http://www.calflora.org.
Cal-IPC 2022. Website at https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/inventory/
City of Fontana, 2022. Municipal Code posted on website:
https://library.municode.com/ca/fontana/codes/code_of_ordinances
Hickman, J.C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California
Press. Berkeley, California.
Natural Resource Conservation Service. 2022. Website at http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/
University of California, 2020. California Tree Failure Report Program website at
http://ucanr.edu/sites/treefail/
University of Florida Environmental Horticulture Department 2022. Website at
http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/
UFEI, 2022. Urban Forest Ecosystems Institute website at https://selectree.calpoly.edu/
Virginia Tech, Dendrology Dept. 2022. Website at
http://www.cnr.vt.edu/DENDRO/dendrology/main.htm
Tree Survey and Arborist Report
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Appendix A - Tree Species Observed
Note - This tree survey and the details recorded below are meant to characterize the trees within the property. The assessment is not exhaustive, but is a balance
between the competing forces of in-depth description and cost effectiveness. The goal was to accumulate enough data to make a judgment as to what role, if any,
the existing trees may have in the proposed project.
Tree Tag
# Species1
DBH (inches)
Height
(feet)
Canopy Width (feet)
Ge
n
A
p
p
St
a
t
u
r
e
Ri
s
k
Rating Conclusion 1st
Trunk
2nd
Trunk
3rd
Trunk
4th
Trunk
5th
Trunk
6th
Trunk Total (North on top)
940 Crape Myrtle 9 9 18 7 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 7 12
8
941 Crape Myrtle 7 7 14 10 2-3 2 2 65 Preserve
Plants at bases, Superficial roots 9 7
8
942 Crape Myrtle 7 7 19 5 2-3 2-3 2-3 60 Preserve
Lean, Crowded canopy, Some canopy mechanical damage 7 7
8
943 Crape Myrtle 6.5 6.5 16 8 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 9 9
8
944 Crape Myrtle 6.5 6.5 17 8 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 7 8
6
945 Crape Myrtle 7 7 17 8 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 10 9
6
946 Afghan Pine 13.5 13.5 19 12 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Highly pruned 3 9
6
947 Afghan Pine 16 16 38 14 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 7 13
12
948 Afghan Pine 18 18 38 12 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Good vigor, Sweep lean 5 17
10
949 Afghan Pine 18 18 36 13 2 2 3-4 60 Preserve
Touching utility lines, trim 18 16
11
950 Crape Myrtle 5 5 16 5 2 3 2 60 Preserve
Offset canopy, good vigor 1 4
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5
951 Afghan Pine 19 19 28 10 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 12 12
10
952 Bottlebrush 2.5 3.5 6 12 4 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Offset canopy 1 3
6
953 Afghan Pine 19 19 31 8 2 2-3 3 65 Remove
Failed branch, good vigor, Poor prognosis 12 11
10
954 Bottlebrush 2.5 2 4.5 13 3 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Superficial roots, Co-dominant, good vigor 1 3
4
955 Bottlebrush 2.5 2.5 3 8 13 6 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Good vigor, Trimmed stem 1 3
5
956 Bottlebrush 3 7.5 2 12.5 13 1 2 3 3 55 Remove
Increased lean, Superficial roots 2 4
7
957 Bottlebrush 5 5 15 4 2 3 2 60 Preserve
Remnant co-dominant stem removed, Poor flare 3 3
5
958 Bottlebrush 4.5 2.5 7 15 5 2 3 2 60 Preserve
Good form and vigor, Superficial roots 2 3
4
959 Afghan Pine 17 17 37 10 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 10 10
12
960 Bottlebrush 5 4 9 14 4 2 3 2-3 55 Remove
Offset canopy, Poor flare, Poor structure 13 3
5
961 Bottlebrush 5 5 14 6 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Good vigor, Fair form 2 3
3
962 Weeping
Bottlebrush 8.5 7 15.5 37 12 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Included bark, Prune to subordinate codominant stem 9 12
10
963 Afghan Pine 21 21 42 12 2 2 2 70 Preserve
12 15
15
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964 Bottlebrush 4 3 2 2 11 13 5 2 3 2 65 Preserve
Multi-stem, good vigor 3 4
5
965 Bottlebrush 4.5 4.5 13 2 3 2-3 3 50 Remove
Large Stem Canker 2 2
3
966 Bottlebrush 4 4 8 14 4 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 2 3
4
967 Afghan Pine 20 20 34 10 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 11 10
14
968 Bottlebrush 6 6 13 1 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Good form and vigor 2 2
5
969 Bottlebrush 33 33 13 2 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor, Flare sprouters 2 3
4
970 Bottlebrush 5 4.5 9.5 16 5 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor, Co-dominant 2 3
4
971 Afghan Pine 23 23 38 12 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Good form and vigor 11 17
14
972 Bottlebrush 6.5 4.5 11 17 3 2-3 3 3 55 Remove
3 4
8
973 Bottlebrush 6 6 15 6 2-3 2-3 2-3 65 Preserve
Removed stem 2 5
7
974 Afghan Pine 21 21 40 14 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 14 18
12
975 Afghan Pine 16 16 42 15 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor, Superficial structural roots 12 13
12
976 Afghan Pine 15 15 48 12 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor, Superficial structural roots 10 12
12
977 Afghan Pine 16 16 28 12 2 2-3 2-3 60 Preserve
Lean, Overhangs, Near parking structure 8 12
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12
978 Afghan Pine 13 13 24 10 2-3 2 2 65 Preserve
Good form and vigor 9 8
10
979 Afghan Pine 17 17 38 10 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 9 18
14
980 Afghan Pine 14 14 33 8 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 5 6
17
981 Afghan Pine 16 16 35 8 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 7 9
13
982 Afghan Pine 16 16 37 8 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 12 11
13
983 Afghan Pine 17 17 36 9 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor, Superficial structural roots 11 13
13
984 Afghan Pine 19 19 38 8 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor, Superficial structural roots 9 9
15
985 Chinese Elm 3 3 6 19 6 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Co-dominant, Included bark, good form and vigor, Subordinate stem 3 13
3
986 Afghan Pine 19 19 37 17 2 2-3 2 65 Preserve
Mid-canopy dead wood, Lean 14 16
14
987 Chinese Elm 14 14 25 10 3 3 3 45 Remove
Poor form, Broken leader, Decreased aesthetics 12 14
10
UT1 Grapefruit 16 16 24 8 2-3 2-3 2-3 60 Preserve
Good form and fair vigor, some upper canopy dieback 8 9
10
988 White Mulberry 8 6 6 20 21 15 2-3 3 3 60 Preserve
Co-dominant, good vigor, included bark, brace if keeping 12 15
12
989 Plum 3.5 4 4.5 12 12 8 3 3 2-3 55 Remove
Decline 7 9
6
990 Shamel Ash 28 28 59 18 3 3 3 50 Remove
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Distressed, May be able to save with irrigation 21 18
16
991 Deodar Cedar 18 18 41 13 2-3 2-3 2-3 60 Preserve
Large canker mid-stem, good health and vigor 16 11
12
992 Queen Palm 9 9 18 10 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good forma and vigor 8 10
10
993 Queen Palm 11 11 13 8 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 8 8
8
994 Queen Palm 11 11 20 7 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 6 6
3
UT Honey Mesquite NA NA 29 20 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 20 18
20
UT Honey Mesquite NA NA 20 10 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 14 10
12
995 Queen Palm 11 11 20 7 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 9 9
8
996 Tree of Heaven 5 10 8 6.5 29.5 20 10 2 2 2 70 Remove
Invasive, Good health and vigor, multi-stem 12 10
14
997 Lemon 8 9 10 27 11 6 3 3 3 50 Remove
Decline 6 6
5
998 Lime 3 3 3 9 15 5 3 3 2-3 55 Remove
Decreased health 7 7
9
999 Grapefruit 12 12 16 8 3 3 3 50 Remove
Decreased health, Assessed over a fence 8 10
7
UT3 Queen Palm 8 8 17 8 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good health and vigor 8 8
8
1000 Tree of Heaven 10 10 28 10 2-3 2-3 2-3 55 Remove
Covered with English Ivy 12 12
12
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UT4 Honey Mesquite NA NA 15 5 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 5 5
5
UT5 Honey Mesquite NA NA 36 10 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 10 9
12
UT6 Honey Mesquite NA 0 10 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 14 10
12
UT7 Honey Mesquite NA 0 6 2 2 2 70 Preserve
Good form and vigor 8 6
7
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Appendix B - Fontana Municipal Code Replacement Tables
The tables below have been taken directly from chapter 28 Section 61- 75 of the Code. These tables must be used in
conjunction with each tree’s rating (shown in Appendix A above) to determine the mitigation required for each tree
removed.
Heritage and Significant Tree Replacement
Table No. I for Trees Under Seven Inches in Diameter Trunk Diameter (Approximate)/Replace With
Scale Rating (10% to 100%) 0.75″/ 2″/ 3.25″/ 4.5″/ 6″/
Very poor Below 45% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal.
Poor 45%— 55% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal.
Average 60%— 70% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 1/36″ box 1/48″ box 1/60″ box
Very good 75%— 85% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 2/36″ box 2/48″ box 2/60″ box
Excellent 90%—100% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 3/36″ box 3/48″ box 3/60″ box
Heritage and Significant Tree Replacement
Table No. II for Trees Seven Inches in Diameter or Greater
Scale Rating (10% to 100%) Number Removed Replace With Minimum Size
Very poor Below 45% 1 1 15 gallons
Poor 45%—55% 1 1 15 gallons
Average 60% 1 4 24″ box
65% 1 4 24″ box
70% 1 4 36″ box
Very good 75% 1 4 36″ box
80% 1 4 48″ box
85% 1 4 48″ box
Excellent 90% 1 4 60″ box
95% 1 4 60″ box
100% 1 4 72″ box
Other Tree Replacement
Table No. III for Trees under Seven Inches in Diameter Trunk Diameter (Approximate)/Replace With
Scale Rating (10% to 100%) 0.75″/ 2″/ 3.25″/ 4.5″/ 6″/
Very poor Below 45% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal.
Poor 45%— 55% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal.
Average 60%— 70% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 1/36″ box 1/48″ box
Very good 75%— 85% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 1/36″ box 1/48″ box 2/48″ box
Excellent 90%—100% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 1/36″ box 2/48″ box 3/48″ box
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Other Tree Replacement
Table No. IV for Trees Seven Inches in Diameter or Greater
Scale Rating (10% to 100%) Number Removed Replace With Minimum Size
Very poor Below 45% 1 1 15 gallons
Poor 45%—55% 1 1 15 gallons
Average 60% 1 4 24″ box
65% 1 4 24″ box
70% 1 4 36″ box
Very good 75% 1 4 36″ box
80% 1 4 48″ box
85% 1 4 48″ box