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Home My WebLink AboutAppendix E_Cultural Resources Report❖ APPENDICES ❖ APPENDIX E CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR THE NORTHGATE MARKET CENTER PROJECT CITY OF FONTANA SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: Brett Hamilton, Associate Planner Community Development City of Fontana Community Development Department 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, CA 92335-3528 Prepared by: Megan Black Doukakis, M.A. Stephen O’Neil, M.A., RPA UltraSystems Environmental Inc. 16431 Scientific Way Irvine, CA 92618 (949) 788-4900 June 5, 2020 Key Words: City of Fontana; San Bernardino County; Fontana, Calif. USGS Quad.; Negative Results ❖ CULTURAL REPORT ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page i Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR THE NORTHGATE MARKET CENTER PROJECT CITY OF FONTANA SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA City of Fontana Community Development Division Attention: Brett Hamilton, Associate Planner 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, CA 92335-35288 June 5, 2020 Reviewed by: Stephen O’Neil, M.A., RPA UltraSystems Environmental Inc. Date: June 5, 2020 ❖ TABLE OF CONTENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page ii Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 Settings .................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Natural Setting ...................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Cultural Setting ..................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2.1 Prehistoric Context .............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2.2 Ethnohistoric Context......................................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.3 Historic Context .................................................................................................................... 2-4 3.0 Research Methods ............................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Records Search ...................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Field Survey ............................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.3 Native American Outreach ............................................................................................................... 3-1 4.0 Findings .................................................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Records Search ...................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Recorded Archaeological Sites ....................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Previous Cultural Resource Investigations ............................................................... 4-1 4.2 Native American Outreach ............................................................................................................... 4-2 4.3 Pedestrian Survey Results ................................................................................................................ 4-4 5.0 Management Considerations .......................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Site Evaluation Criteria ...................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Potential Effects .................................................................................................................................... 5-1 6.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................. 6-1 7.0 References ............................................................................................................................................. 7-1 TABLES Table 4.1-1 - Known Cultural Resources Within a Half-Mile Radius of the Project Boundary .......... 4-1 Table 4.1-2 - Known Cultural Resource Studies Within a Half-Mile Radius of the Project Boundary ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-2 ATTACHMENTS Attachment A Project Maps Attachment B Personnel Background Attachment C Native American Heritage Commission Records Search Attachment D CHRIS Records Search ❖ INTRODUCTION ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 1-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview This Phase I Cultural Resource Inventory report was prepared by UltraSystems Environmental (UEI) at the request of the City of Fontana’s Planning Department. This study is for the Northgate Market Center Project. The project consists of the proposed development of a multi-tenant commercial shopping center. UEI conducted this cultural resources study to evaluate the potential presence of prehistoric and historic resources within the project boundary. The project is located in the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County (see Attachment A, Figure 1), and is specifically located at 9610 Sierra Avenue on the northwest corner of the intersection of Sierra Avenue and San Bernardino Avenue (see Attachment A, Figure 2), and can be seen on the Fontana, Calif., USGS topographical quadrangle, Range 05 W, Township 01 S, in the SE ¼ of the SE ¼ of Section 18 (see Attachment A, Figure 3). The background research and archival study included a one-half mile buffer surrounding the project site (see Attachment A, Figure 3). In general, the project site is located in a fully urbanized area with multi-family residences in the west, and commercial shopping centers to the north, east and south along Sierra Avenue. The proposed project includes the proposed development of a 64,037-square-foot multi-tenant commercial center on 7.04 acres of land to be anchored by Northgate Gonzalez Market with three quick service drive-through pads. At present, the project site is vacant and the surface is fully covered with asphalt and landscape planters with concrete curbing. Area of Potential Effect The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the undertaking encompasses the maximum extent of ground disturbance required by the project design (see Attachment A, Figure 3). The surface area of the APE is approximately 7.04 acres - all of this area will be subject to direct ground disturbances during construction. 1.2 Methods A cultural resources records search was completed at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) at California State University, Fullerton, which is the local California Historic Resources Information System (CHRIS) facility. The records search was conducted to identify previously recorded cultural resources (prehistoric and historic archaeological sites/isolates, historic buildings, structures, objects, or districts) within the project area and to also determine previous cultural resource surveys. The project site and a one-half-mile buffer zone are included in the search radius for archival studies. These records included a review of previously recorded prehistoric and historic archaeological resources and a review of listed cultural resource survey reports within that same geographical area. The cultural resources record search was conducted by SCCIC staff. Stephen O’Neil, M.A., RPA, who qualifies as a Principal Prehistoric Archaeologist and Historic Archaeologist per United States Secretary of the Interior Standards (see Attachment B), contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) requesting a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search. ❖ INTRODUCTION ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 1-2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Disposition of Data This report will be filed with the SCCIC, California State University, Fullerton; the City of Fontana Planning Department; and UltraSystems Environmental, Inc., Irvine, California. All field notes and other documentation related to the study will remain on file at the Irvine office of UltraSystems. ❖ SETTINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 2-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 2.0 SETTINGS 2.1 Natural Setting The City of Fontana is located in the western portion of the San Bernardino Valley. This is a broad inland valley defined by the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountain Ranges to the north and is ringed by the Jurupa Hills, a series of low rocky hills to the south. The region’s environment is characterized by a temperate Mediterranean climate, with the average maximum temperature in July reaching 95°F (degrees Fahrenheit) and the average minimum temperature in January at around 46°F. Rainfall is typically less than 15 inches annually, most of which occurs between November and March. The project site boundary is underlain by the Young Alluvial Fan Deposits of Lytle Creek (Qyfl) (Morton, 2001). This deposit consists of unconsolidated, gray, cobbly and bouldery alluvium of the Lytle Creek fan. It is relatively fine-grained (pebbly and cobbly) in southern extent; becomes coarser grained (cobbly and bouldery) northward. This deposit dates from the Holocene and late Pleistocene. 2.2 Cultural Setting 2.2.1 Prehistoric Context The earliest evidence of human occupation in the Inland Empire region (consisting of the southwestern corner of San Bernardino and western Riverside counties) was discovered below the surface of an alluvial fan in the northern portion of the Lakeview Mountains, overlooking the San Jacinto Valley, dating to around 9,500 radiocarbon years (rcy) before present (B.P.) (before present = A.D. 1950) (Horne and McDougall, 2008). Another prehistoric archaeological site found near the shoreline of Lake Elsinore, close to the confluence of Temescal Wash and the San Jacinto River, dates between 8,000 and 9,000 B.P. (Grenda, 1997). Additional sites with isolated Archaic dart points, bifaces, and other associated flaked stone artifacts are considered to be from the same age range and have been found in the Cajon Pass area, typically atop knolls with good viewsheds (Basgall and True, 1985; Goodman, 2002; Goodman and McDonald, 2001; Milburn et al., 2008). The regional prehistory of Southern California has been characterized by various cultural chronologies, including those developed by Chartkoff and Chartkoff (1984), Warren (1984), and others. Specifically, the prehistory of the Inland Empire region has been addressed by O’Connell et al., (1974), Keller et al., (1989), Grenda (1993), and Horne and McDougall (2008). Although the beginning and ending dates of different cultural periods vary, the regional framework can be generally broken into four primary periods: • Paleoindian and Lake Mojave (Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene) (ca. 11000 to 6000 calibrated years [cal] B.C.). This time period is characterized by highly mobile foraging strategies and a broad spectrum of subsistence pursuits. These earliest expressions of aboriginal occupation in America were marked by the use of large projectile points (Fluted and Concave Base Points) that are an element of the Western Clovis expression. Following the earliest portions of this time span there was a change in climate coincident with the retreat of glaciers. Large bodies of water existed and lakeside aboriginal adaptations were common. Large stemmed points (Western Stemmed – Lake Mojave and Silver Lake) accompanied by a wide variety of formalized stone tools were employed with the aid of ❖ SETTINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 2-2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 atlatls (dart throwers) and are representative of an adaptation that was in part focused on lacustrine environments. • Millingstone Horizon (ca. 6000 cal B.C. to cal A.D. 1000), during which time mobile hunter-gatherers became more sedentary and plant foods and small game animals came into more use. This prehistoric cultural expression is often characterized by a large number of millingstones (especially well-made, deep basin metates) and formalized, portable handstones (manos). Additionally, the cultural assemblage is dominated by an abundance of scraping tools (including scraper planes and pounding/pulping implements), and only a slight representation of dart-tipped projectile points (Pinto, Elko and Gypsum types). • Late Prehistoric Period (ca. cal A.D. 1000 to 1500), during which a more complex social organization, more diversified subsistence base and an extensive use of the bow and arrow is evidenced. Small, light arrow points, expedient millingstones and, later, pottery mark this period along with the full development of regional Native cultures and tribal territories. • Protohistoric Period (ca. cal A.D. 1500 to 1700s) ushered in long-distance contacts with Europeans, and thereby led to the Historic Period (ca. cal A.D. 1700 to contemporary times). Small arrow points are recognized as a hallmark of this time period. Geospatial analyses of known prehistoric sites in inland Southern California suggest that longer-term residential settlements of the Native population were more likely to occur in sheltered areas. Such locations were near the base of hills and/or on elevated terraces, hills, and finger ridges. Further, these favored locations were near permanent or reliable sources of water. These were areas that were largely level encampments situated on the unprotected valley floor. The residential sites were used for resource procurement and travel. The use of such geographical settings is supported by the ethnographic literature. These reports identify the foothills as preferred areas for settlement (Bean and Smith, 1978a; 1978b). The project area is situated at the base of the Jurupa Hills, an ideal location for prehistoric seasonal habitation site. 2.2.2 Ethnohistoric Context The project lies within the territory of the Gabrielino (Tongva) ethnolinguistic group (Bean and Smith, 1978a:538), who speak a language classified as a member of the Uto-Aztecan language family. This language is further affiliated as an element of the Northern Takic Branch of that linguistic group (Golla, 2011). The Gabrielino, with the Chumash, were considered the most populous, wealthiest, and therefore most powerful ethnic nationalities in aboriginal Southern California (Bean and Smith, 1978a:538). Unfortunately, most Gabrielino cultural practices had declined before systematic ethnographic studies were instituted. Today, the leading sources on Gabrielino culture are Bean and Smith (1978a), Johnson (1962), and McCawley (1996). According to recent research, Takic groups were not the first inhabitants of the region. Archeologists suggest that a Takic in-migration may have occurred as early as 2,000 years ago, replacing or intermarrying with a more ancient indigenous people represented by speakers of a Hokan language (Howard and Raab, 1993; Porcasi, 1998). By the time of European contact, the Gabrielino territory included the southern Channel Islands and the Los Angeles Basin. Their territory reached east into the present-day San Bernardino-Riverside area and south to the San Joaquin Hills in central Orange County. ❖ SETTINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 2-3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Different groups of Gabrielino adopted several subsistence strategies, based on gathering, hunting, and fishing. Because of the similarities to other Southern California tribes in economic activities, inland Gabrielino groups' industrial arts, exemplified by basket weaving, exhibited an affinity with those of their neighbors (Kroeber, 1925). Coastal Gabrielino material culture, on the other hand, reflected an elaborately developed artisanship most recognized through the medium of steatite, which was rivaled by few other groups in Southern California. The intricacies of Gabrielino social organization are not well known. There appeared to have been at least three hierarchically ordered social classes, topped with an elite consisting of the chiefs, their immediate families, and other ceremonial specialists (Bean and Smith, 1978a). Clans owned land, and property boundaries were marked by the clan's personalized symbol. Villages were politically autonomous, composed of non-localized lineages, each with its own leader. The dominant lineage's leader was usually the village chief, whose office was generally hereditary through the male line. Occasionally several villages were allied under the leadership of a single chief. The villages frequently engaged in warfare against one another, resulting in what some consider to be a state of constant enmity between coastal and inland groups. The Fontana region was within the eastern Tongva culture area. The central Tongva land was the Los Angeles Basin; however, it extended east to include portions of the San Bernardino Valley. In the San Bernardino Valley, the Tongva’s neighbors were the Serrano on the north and the Cahuilla farther east. Away from the Santa Ana River this area was not well watered. Therefore, this portion of the territory was not as densely populated as the coastal territory. The village of Jurupa, also spelled Huruuvnga, was somewhat west of Riverside (McCawley, 1996:49). Its proximity to Fontana is attested by Native consultants who described a “long range of hills at Jurupa – west of Riverside,” termed Shokaava by José Zalvidea, the Tongva consultant to researcher J.P. Harrington (McCawley, 1996:50). These Shokaava hills to the west of Riverside likely correspond to the Jurupa Hills lying one-and-a-quarter miles south of the project site. In the late Mission Period or just thereafter, much of the region was populated by the Serrano (Bean and Smith, 1978b), who migrated into the area following the removal of the Gabrielino to Mission San Gabriel. The first Franciscan establishment in Gabrielino territory and the broader region was Mission San Gabriel, founded in A.D. 1772. Priests from the mission proselytized the Tongva throughout the Los Angeles Basin. As early as 1542, however, the Gabrielino were in peripheral contact with the Spanish even during the historic expedition of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. However, it was not until 1769 that the Spaniards took steps to colonize the territory of aboriginal Californians. Within a few decades, most of the Gabrielino were incorporated into Mission San Gabriel and other missions in Southern California (Engelhardt, 1931). Due to introduced diseases, dietary deficiencies, and forceful reducción (removal of non-agrarian Native populations to the mission compound), Gabrielino population dwindled rapidly from these impacts. By 1900, the Gabrielino community had almost ceased to exist as a culturally identifiable group. In the late 20th century, however, a renaissance of Native American activism and cultural revitalization of Gabrielino descendants took place. Among the results of this movement has been a return to a traditional name for the tribe, the Tongva, which is employed by several of the bands and organizations representing tribal members. Many of the Tongva bands focus on maintaining and teaching traditional knowledge, with special focus on language, place names and natural resources. ❖ SETTINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 2-4 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 2.2.3 Historic Context 2.2.3.1 Spanish/Mexican Era In 1772, three years after the beginning of Spanish colonization of Alta California, Lt. Pedro Fages, governor of the new province, and a small force of soldiers under his command became the first Europeans to set foot in the San Bernardino Valley (Beck and Haase, 1974:15). The colonizers were followed in the next few years by two other famed Spanish explorers, Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza and Fr. Francisco Garcés, who traveled through the valley in the mid-1770s. Despite these early visits, for the next 40 years this inland valley received little impact from the Spanish colonization activities. The Spanish incursions into Alta California were concentrated along the coast. For the bulk of the Spanish-Mexican Period, the San Bernardino Valley was considered a part of the land holdings of Mission San Gabriel. The name “San Bernardino” was bestowed on the region by about 1819, when the mission asistencia and an associated rancho were officially established under this name in the eastern area of the valley (Lerch and Haenszel, 1981). After gaining independence from Spain, in 1834 the Mexican government began the process of secularizing the missions in Alta California, which in practice meant the confiscation of the Franciscan missions’ vast land holdings that were to have been returned to the Native population, to be distributed among prominent citizens of the province. During the 1830s and the 1840s, several large land grants were created near present-day Fontana, but the project itself does not fall within the boundaries of any private ranchos and remained public land when California became a part of the United States in 1848. 2.2.3.2 The American Period to Founding of Fontana Used primarily as cattle ranches, the ranchos around Fontana saw little development until the mid-19th century. A colony of Mormon settlers from Salt Lake City founded the town of San Bernardino in 1851. The Southern Pacific Railroad was completed in the mid-1870s, and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway introduced a competing rail line in the 1880s during a phenomenal land boom that swept through much of Southern California (Dumke, 1944). The boom ushered in a number of new settlements in the San Bernardino Valley. In 1887, the Semi-Tropic Land and Water Company purchased a large tract of land near the mouth of Lytle Creek. With that acquisition and accompanied by the necessary water rights to the creek, Semi-Tropic laid out the townsites of Rialto, Bloomington, and Rosena (Schuiling, 1984:90). While Rialto and Bloomington were soon settled and began to grow, little development took place at Rosena before the collapse of the 1880s land boom and the ensuing financial collapse of the Semi-Tropic Land and Water Company (Schuiling, 1984:90, 102). In 1905, Azariel Blanchard “A.B.” Miller (1878-1941), widely considered the founder of present-day Fontana, arrived in Rosena. Miller hailed from the Imperial Valley and, along with his associates, soon established Fontana Farms on a tract of land that eventually reached 20,000 acres (Anicic, 2005:32-40). Within the first ten years of the 20th century, an irrigation system was constructed and much of the land was planted in grain and citrus (Schuiling, 1984:102). Miller’s Fontana Farms became synonymous with the location, which led to Rosena being renamed as Fontana in 1913. Up to Miller’s death in 1941, Fontana remained primarily an agrarian settlement. It was recognized as the town where domesticated animal husbandry of poultry, hog, and rabbit played a particularly important role in the local economy (Schuiling, 1984:102). During World War II, however, the ❖ SETTINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 2-5 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 establishment of the Kaiser Steel Mill initiated an alteration of this agrarian setting. With further industrial enterprises moving into the area, Fontana became known as a center of heavy industry, a characterization that lasted until recent years (Schuiling, 1984:106). The Kaiser Steel Mill ceased operations in 1983. In response to demand for affordable housing, Fontana, like many other cities in the San Bernardino Valley became a “bedroom community” for the more developed cities of Los Angeles and western San Bernardino and Riverside counties. Fontana’s progression from its agricultural roots to an industrial center and a suburban residential community represents a prominent and characteristic trend in the history of the region. Historical maps and aerial photographs reflect similar trends in the growth of the project area as well as nearby neighborhoods. The land along Santa Ana Avenue that was primarily agricultural fields was recast with notable industrial development between 1967 and 1994. During the post-WWII era, agriculture has given way to suburban development as residential neighborhoods and light industry gradually spread over former farmlands (NETR Online, 2019; 1959; 1966). 2.2.3.3 Project Site Land Use History The available topographic maps for the project area start with 1896 (USGS, 1896). These show open land at the project site 1896 through 1938. The 1943 topo map shows the appearance of a single building on the east side of the project area along Sierra Avenue (USGS, 1943). Other buildings appear outside of the project area to the west along Juniper Avenue. The 1955 topo map shows the area in almost its current configuration (USGS, 1955). Buildings in the southeast of the project area are then present. The 1959-1963 topo maps show agriculture in all directions around the project site area (USGS, 1959, 1963). Historic aerial maps are available for Fontana; the earliest dating to 1938. These maps support the topo maps’ evidence for a late introduction of agricultural use of this southcentral Fontana area. In 1938 there was agriculture covering the entire area including the project area. Windrows can be seen along the present-day streets of San Bernardino Avenue and Sierra Avenue. Farm buildings are present in the project area and in the larger area on the 1948 map. The area seems to begin its transition away from agriculture beginning 1959. While there were still patches of agriculture to the north, south and east of the project area, residential tracts also began to appear to the north. The immediate project area itself, however, has no active agriculture with many buildings present in 1959. Agriculture appears to have disappeared completely in the area on the 1994 map. The area is almost fully built with a mix of residential and commercial properties including the residential community directly to the west of the project area. A car lot on the project site appears to be present on the 2002 map. (NETR Online, 2019: 1938-2016.) ❖ RESEARCH METHODS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 3-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 3.0 RESEARCH METHODS The cultural resources inventory and related archival research included a background cultural resources records check (archival research) at the SCCIC, California State University, Fullerton. Additionally, a SLF search was requested from the NAHC. 3.1 Records Search A cultural resource records search was requested from the SCCIC on March 24, 2020 and was conducted on April 8, 2020. That research was completed to identify cultural resources on or near the project site. The local CHRIS facility for San Bernardino County maintained at the SCCIC was reviewed to identify resources that have been previously evaluated for historic significance, as well as to identify any previous completed cultural resources survey reports. Also searched and reviewed were the official records and maps for cultural resources and surveys in Fontana, National Register of Historic Places (NRHP); Listed Properties and Determined Eligible Properties (2012), and the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) (2012). For the current study, the scope of the records search included a half-mile buffer zone from the project’s footprint (see Attachment A, Figure 3). The research effort was completed to assess the sensitivity of the project site for both surface and subsurface cultural resources and to assist in determining the potential to encounter such resources, especially prehistoric—i.e., Native American—cultural remains, during earth-moving activities associated with construction of the proposed project. 3.2 Field Survey On May 20, 2020, archaeologist Stephen O’Neil visited the project site to conduct a pedestrian survey. During the survey, the project site was carefully inspected for any indication of human activities dating to the prehistoric or historic periods (i.e., 50 years or older). 3.3 Native American Outreach On April 1, 2020, Mr. O’Neil contacted the NAHC via email notifying them of the project activities, requesting a search of their SLF and requesting a list of local tribal organizations and individuals to contact for project outreach. The NAHC replied on April 2, 2020 with a letter dated the same day reporting on the SLF search findings and a list of 11 tribal organizations and individuals to contact. Letters to local tribes were sent on April 3, 2020 to all 15 of the tribal organizations and their representatives listed in the NAHC April 2, 2020 letter (Attachment C). ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 4-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 4.0 FINDINGS 4.1 Records Search 4.1.1 Recorded Archaeological Sites Based on the cultural resources records search, it was determined that no cultural resources have been previously recorded within the project site boundary. Within the one-half-mile buffer zone, there are two recorded historic-era and no prehistoric cultural resources. Table 4.1-1 summarizes these resources. Both historic resources are located approximately 0.35 miles north of the project boundary. One is a Spanish Colonial Revival style residential site ca. 1930 (30-007144). The site also has an associated commercial rabbitry. The residence is situated in the northeastern portion of the property with an adobe brick wall; to the south a brick and concrete courtyard. A wood-framed garage is located to the west of the residence. An elongated wood-framed dependency is located in the southwest corner of the property and contained chicken coops or rabbit pens. The property with the commercial rabbitry was evaluated for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The rabbitry “represents one of the rare examples of this particular Site Type within Fontana, and especially within the urban core area.” (Alexandrowicz and Kuhner; 1992a). For this reason, this site was evaluated as eligible for the NRHP under Criterion D, architecture and this site has potential eligibility under Criterion A (Alexandrowicz, Arthur Kuhner; 1992a). The second historic site includes the remains of a residence dating to first quarter of the 20th century (Alexandrowicz and Kuhner; 1992b). Site includes multiple concrete slabs to the east, west and south of the residential area. Table 4.1-1 KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCES WITHIN A HALF-MILE RADIUS OF THE PROJECT BOUNDARY Site Number Author(s) Date Type Description 30-007144 J. S. Alexandrowicz, Arthur Kuhner 1992 Historic Spanish Colonial Revival style residence ca. 1930, with associated commercial rabbitry. 30-007145 J. S. Alexandrowicz, Arthur Kuhner 1992 Historic Remains of residence dating to first quarter of the 20th century. Site includes concrete slabs. 4.1.1 Previous Cultural Resource Investigations According to the records at the SCCIC, there have been five previous cultural resource studies within portions of the one-half-mile buffer of the project (Table 4.1-2) (see Attachment D). The SCCIC was only able to provide one of the survey reports, SB-06787. This project area is located 650 feet to the west of the project site along Juniper Avenue (Tang, Encarnacion, and Ballester; 2008). It is unknown if the remaining four cultural studies cover the project boundary as the SCCIC was not able to provide them at this time due to their being available in hard copy only and the SCCIC facility is currently working out of the office electronically due to coronavirus isolation restrictions. Both SB-02624 and SB-02682 appear to cover the two historic residential sites located 0.35 miles to the north of the project area (Alexandrowicz, Alexandrowicz, and Kuhner, 1992, Alexandrowicz and Alexandrowicz; 1992). ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 4-2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Table 4.1-2 KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCE STUDIES WITHIN A HALF-MILE RADIUS OF THE PROJECT BOUNDARY Report Number Author(s) Date Title Resources SB-02624 Alexandrowicz, J. Stephen, Susan R. Alexandrowicz, and Arthur A. Kuhner 1992 A Cultural Resources Investigation for the Proposed Construction Site of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Facility, 9310 Sierra Avenue and the Adjacent Western Property, City of Fontana, County of San Bernardino, California 36-007144, 36-007145 SB-02682 Alexandrowicz, J. Stephen and Susan R. Alexandrowicz 1992 Historic Archaeological and Architectural Investigations for the Proposed Kaiser Permanente Medical Facility, Southwest Corner of Sierra and Randall Avenues, City of Fontana, County of San Bernardino, California 36-007144, 36-007145 SB-03599 Brant Brechbiel 1998 Cultural Resource Record Search and Survey Report for a PBMS Telecommunications Facility: CM 016-12 in the City of Fontana, Ca. 5pp N/A SB-04873 Deirdre Encarnacion 2005 Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: San Bernardino Avenue Pipeline and Pump Station in and Near the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. N/A SB-06787 Tang, Bai “Tom”, Deirdre Encarnacion, and Daniel Ballester 2008 Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: Chino Groundwater Basin Dry-Year Yield Program Expansion, Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California. N/A 4.2 Native American Outreach On April 1, 2020, Mr. O’Neil contacted the NAHC via email notifying them of the project, requesting a search of their SLF and asking for a list of local tribal organizations and individuals to contact for project outreach. The results of the search request were received April 2, 2020, at the office of UEI from Mr. Andrew Green, Cultural Resources Analyst. The NAHC letter stated that “A record search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF) was completed for the information you have submitted for the above referenced project. The results were negative [emphasis in the original].” (See Attachment C.) UEI prepared letters to each of the 15 tribal contacts describing the project and included a map showing the project's location, requesting a reply if they have knowledge of cultural resources in the area, and asked if they had any questions or concerns regarding the project (see ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 4-3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Attachment C). On April 3, 2020, Mr. O’Neil mailed letters with accompanying maps to all 15 tribal contacts, and also emailed identical letters and maps to each of the tribal contacts for which email addresses were known (14). An email was received from Brandy Salas, the Administrative Specialist for the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians-Kizh Nation on May 13, 2020, stating that they would like to consult on the project and requested the contact information for the lead agency. Archaeological Technician Megan B. Doukakis replied by email on May 14, 2020 with the lead agency’s contact information. Patricia Garcia-Plotkin, Director of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians, replied on April 6, 2020 stating that they would defer any comments to tribes closer to the project site. Jessica Mauck, Director of Cultural Resources of the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians emailed on May 1, 2020 indicating that that they typically do not have great concerns with this portion of Serrano ancestral territory, and as the project area is disturbed (and currently covered with concrete), it is highly unlikely that the tribe will consult on this project with the Lead Agency. Jill McCormick, Historic Preservation Officer of the Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation on April 3, 2020 indicated that UEI should call her. A telephone call was made to Ms. McCormick on May 20, 2020; Ms. McCormick indicated that she had emailed a response and that she would resend that email now. An email was received the same day indicating that Ms. McCormick was corresponding with the City of Fontana and that they did not wish to comment on the project. Following up on the initial letter and email contacts, telephone calls were conducted by Ms. Doukakis on May 20, 2020, to complete the outreach process following the 30-day period when replies could be made. These calls were to the nine tribal contacts who had not already responded to UEI’s mailing and emails. Five telephone calls were placed with no answer and messages were left describing the project and requesting a response. These were to Charles Alvarez, Councilmember of the Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe; Donna Yocum, Chairperson of the San Fernando Band of Mission Indians; Mark Cochrane, Co-Chairperson of the Serrano Nation of Mission Indians; Wayne Walker, Co-Chairperson of the Serrano Nation of Mission Indians; and Sandonne Goad, Chairperson of the Gabrielino/Tongva Nation. Messages were unable to be left for two tribal contacts. The available phone number for both Cultural Resources Manager Denisa Torres and Chairperson Robert Martin of the Morongo Band of Mission Indians was disconnected. Chairperson Anthony Morales of the Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians responded over telephone on May 20, 2020 stating that there might be a satellite of the San Gabriel Mission (an estancia) in the area. He also indicated that there would have been travel routes along the I-10 Freeway. The Chairperson requested archaeological and Native American monitoring. Chairperson Morales recommended his tribal group for monitoring services. (See Attachment C). Chairperson Robert Dorame, of the Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council indicated by telephone on May 20, 2020 that UEI should telephone him after we conduct our survey to provide the pedestrian survey results. Following up on this request, a call was made on May 22, 2020 to Chairperson Dorame, there was no answer and the mailbox was full so no message was left. Chairperson Dorame returned our call the same day. UEI provided the survey results and he proceeded to ask about any close water ways. Chairperson Dorame concluded that in the event that cultural artifacts, burial goods and patrimonial material are unearthed during construction, the Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council should be notified. If human remains are unearthed the tribe would also like to be notified despite the Most Likely Descendent that the NAHC may assign. ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 4-4 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 4.3 Pedestrian Survey Results A pedestrian survey was conducted on May 20, 2020 by Mr. Stephen O’Neil. The survey consisted of walking over, visually inspecting, and photographing the exposed ground surface of the project site using standard archaeological procedures and techniques. Survey of the ground surface was conducted by walking opportunistic transects where there was open surface along streets and landscape planter beds. The parcel itself is essentially graded flat and covered with asphalt; previous small structures had been removed and their footprint was covered by concrete foundations. The parcel is basically rectangular, approximately 600 feet long east/west and 475 feet wide north/south with an irregularly-shaped eastern boundary. The only surface soils available for observation was landscaping along the San Bernardino Avenue on the south boundary on either sides of the sidewalk (Figure 4.3-1), landscaping along Sierra Avenue behind the sidewalk (Figure 4.3-2), two landscaped entryways off of Sierra Avenue (Figure 4.3-3), and scattered trees within the parcel that had marked parking areas (Figure 4.3-4 and Figure 4.3-5). Vegetation on the outer portions of the parcel consisted of ornamental trees along the south and east boundaries (palm, pine, and Ficus sp. trees) as well as a strip of unmaintained grass along San Bernardino Avenue. The entry has an unmaintained grass lawn with scattered ornamental trees. The interior parking landscaped planter beds contain a variety of ornamental trees, some shrubs and dead grass. Among the interior ornamental trees are possibly three species of eucalyptus and perhaps two other ornamental tree types. There are approximately 45 trees total on the parcel. The ground surface of the planter beds was only partially visible due to the dead grass. During the survey, the project site was carefully inspected for any indication of human activities dating to the prehistoric or historic periods (i.e., 50 years or older). Ground surface visibility was approximately 5%. The result of the pedestrian survey was negative for historic or prehistoric cultural resources, features or isolates in the parcel. The intensive commercial development of the parcel and near complete coverage of the surface by an asphalt parking lot precluded observations. ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 4-5 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Figure 4.3-1 PROJECT SITE SOUTH BOUNDARY ALONG SAN BERNARDINO AVENUE; VIEW TO THE EAST ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 4-6 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Figure 4.3-2 PROJECT SITE EAST BOUNDARY ALONG SIERRA AVENUE; VIEW TO THE NORTH ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 4-7 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Figure 4.3-3 PROJECT SITE ENTRY OFF OF SIERRA AVENUE; VIEW TO THE WEST ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 4-8 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Figure 4.3-4 INTERIOR OF PROJECT SITE FROM CENTRAL-EAST LOCATION; VIEW TO THE WEST ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 4-9 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Figure 4.3-5 INTERIOR OF PROJECT SITE FROM NORTHWEST CORNER; VIEW TO THE SOUTH ❖ MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 5-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 5.0 MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS 5.1 Site Evaluation Criteria Evaluation of significance under CEQA uses criteria found in eligibility descriptions from the CRHR. Generally, a resource is to be considered historically significant if it meets the criteria for listing in the California Register [Public Resources Code § 5024.1; California Code of Regulations § 15064.5(a)(3)]. These criteria provide that a resource may be listed as potentially significant if it: • Is associated with the events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California history and cultural heritage. • Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past. • Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic value. • Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. 5.2 Potential Effects No cultural resources will be adversely affected by the project. However, the presence of buried cultural (prehistoric and/or historic archaeological) resources cannot be ruled out. If prehistoric and/or historic artifacts are observed during subsurface excavation, work should be stopped in that area and a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor should be on call to assess the finds. ❖ CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 6-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS No prehistoric or historic archaeologic resources were identified in the CHRIS record literature search in the project area. Two historic-era residences are within the half-mile radius of the project area. Historical maps indicate that the project site had been used for agriculture pre-1948. Six Native American responses have been received to date. The Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians- Kizh Nation stated that they would like to consult on the project and requested the contact information for the lead agency. The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians stated that they would defer any comments to tribes closer to the project site. The San Manuel Band of Mission Indians indicated that that they typically do not have great concerns with this portion of Serrano ancestral territory, and it is highly unlikely that the tribe will consult on this project with the Lead Agency. The Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation indicated that they did not wish to comment on the project. The Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians requested archaeological and Native American monitoring for the project. The Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council indicated that they want to be made aware of any resources uncovered during project construction. (See Section 4.2 and Attachment C.) The cultural resources study findings suggest that there is a low potential for the presence of prehistoric cultural resources. If prehistoric and/or historic items are observed during subsurface activities, work should be stopped in that area and a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor should be called to assess the findings and retrieve the material. The project site appears to be heavily disturbed, and it is not recommended that an archaeological monitor be present during ground-disturbing activities. However, if prehistoric and/or historic items are observed during subsurface activities, work should be stopped in that area and a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor be retained to assess the finding(s) and retrieve the material. If human remains are encountered during excavations associated with this project, work will halt in that area and the San Bernardino County Coroner will be notified (§ 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code). The Coroner will determine whether the remains are of recent human origin or older Native American ancestry. If the coroner, with the aid of the supervising archaeologist, determines that the remains are prehistoric, they will contact the NAHC. The NAHC will be responsible for designating the most likely descendant (MLD), who will make recommendations as to the manner for handling these remains and further provide for the disposition of the remains, as required by § 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code. Following notification by the NAHC, the MLD will make these recommendations within 48 hours of having access to the project site following notification by the NAHC. These recommendations may include scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials (§ 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code). The long commercial use of the parcel, the graded levels and asphalt capping of the surface indicate this land is heavily disturbed. There are no recorded prehistoric sites within the project buffer zone. While there were two historic properties identified within the half-mile buffer zone, all are at over a quarter mile away to the north and one is no longer extant. The results of the CHRIS records search and prior investigations and the pedestrian survey indicate it is highly unlikely that historic properties could be adversely affected by project construction. ❖ REFERENCES ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 7-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 7.0 REFERENCES Alexandrowicz, J. Stephen, Susan R. Alexandrowicz, and Arthur A. Kuhner 1992 A Cultural Resources Investigation for the Proposed Construction Site of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Facility, 9310 Sierra Avenue and the Adjacent Western Property, City of Fontana, County of San Bernardino, California (SB-02624). Archaeological Consulting Services. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. Alexandrowicz, J. Stephen, and Susan R. Alexandrowicz 1992 Historic Archaeological and Architectural Investigations for the Proposed Kaiser Permanente Medical Facility, Southwest Corner of Sierra and Randall Avenues, City of Fontana, County of San Bernardino, California (SB-02682). Archaeological Consulting Services. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. Alexandrowicz, J. S,. and Arthur Kuhner 1992a Primary Record for 36-007144. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. 1992b Primary Record for 36-007145. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. Anicic, John Charles, Jr. 2005 Images of America: Fontana. Arcadia Publishing, San Francisco and Chicago. Basgall, Mark E., and D. L. True 1985 Archaeological Investigations in Crowder Canyon, 1973-1984: Excavations at Sites SBR-421B, SBR-421C, SBR-421D, and SBR-713, San Bernardino County, California. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. Bean, Lowell John, and Charles R. Smith 1978a Gabrielino. In Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8, California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 538-549. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 1978b Serrano. In Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8, California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 570-574. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Beck, Warren A., and Ynez D. Haase 1974 Historical Atlas of California. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma. Chartkoff, Joseph L., and Kerry Kona Chartkoff 1984 The Archaeology of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. Dumke, Glenn S. 1944 The Boom of the Eighties. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. ❖ REFERENCES ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 7-2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Engelhardt, Zephyrin, O.F.M. 1931 San Gabriel Mission and the Beginnings of Los Angeles. Franciscan Herald Press, Chicago. Goodman, John D. 2002 Archaeological Survey of the Charter Communications Cable Project, Mountaintop Ranger District, San Bernardino National Forest, California. San Bernardino National Forest Technical Report 05-12-BB-102. San Bernardino, California. Goodman, John D., II, and M. McDonald 2001 Archaeological Survey of the Southern California Trails Association Event Area, Little Pine Flats, Mountaintop Ranger District, San Bernardino National Forest, California. San Bernardino National Forest Technical Report 05-12-BB-106. San Bernardino, California. Grenda, Donn 1993 Archaeological Treatment Plan for CA-RIV-2798/H, Lake Elsinore, Riverside County, California. On file at Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1997 Continuity and Change: 8,500 Years of Lacustrine Adaptation on the Shores of Lake Elsinore. Statistical Research Technical Series 59. Statistical Research, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. Howard, W. J., and L. M. Raab 1993 Olivella Grooved Rectangle Beads as Evidence of an Early Period Southern California Channel Island Interaction Sphere. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 29(3):1-11. Horne, Melinda C., and Dennis P. McDougall 2008 CA-RIV-6069: Early Archaic Settlement and Subsistence in the San Jacinto Valley, Western Riverside County, California. On file at Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Keller, Jean S., Jean Salpas, and Daniel F. McCarthy 1989 Data Recovery at the Cole Canyon Site (CA-RIV-1139), Riverside County, California. Pacific Coast Archeological Society Quarterly 25(1):1-89. Kroeber, Alfred 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78, Washington, D.C. Lerch, Michael K., and Arda M. Haenszel 1981 Life on Cottonwood Row. Heritage Tales 1981:33-71. Fourth Annual Publication of the City of San Bernardino Historical Society, San Bernardino, California. McCawley, William 1996 The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. Malki Museum Press, Banning, California/Ballena Press, Novato, California. Milburn, Doug, U.K. Doan, and John D. Goodman II 2008 Archaeological Investigation at Baldy Mesa-Cajon Divide for the Baldy Mesa Off-Highway- Vehicle Recreation Trails Project, San Bernardino National Forest, San Bernardino County, California. San Bernardino National Forest Technical Report 05-12-53-091. San Bernardino, California. ❖ REFERENCES ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Page 7-3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Morton, Douglas M. and Johnathan C. Matti 2001 Geologic Map of the Devore 7.5' Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California United States Geological Survey and Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside. NETR Online 2019 Aerial photographs of the project vicinity, taken in 1938, 1948, 1959, 1966, 1994, 2002, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016. http://www.historicaerials.com. Accessed June 3, 2020. O’Connell, James F., Philip J. Wilke, Thomas F. King, and Carol L. Mix (editors.) 1974 Perris Reservoir Archaeology: Late Prehistoric Demographic Change in Southeastern California. California Department of Parks and Recreation Archaeological Report 14. Sacramento, California. Porcasi, Judith F. 1998 Middle Holocene Ceramic Technology on the Southern California Coast: New Evidence from Little Harbor, Santa Catalina Island. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 20:270-284. Schuiling, Walter C. 1984 San Bernardino County: Land of Contrasts. Windsor Publications, Woodland Hills, California. Tang, Bai “Tom”, Deirdre Encarnacion, and Daniel Ballester 2008 Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: Chino Groundwater Basin Dry-Year Yield Program Expansion, Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California. (SB-06787). CRM Tech. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. USGS (United States Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior) 1896 Fontana, Calif. 7.5’, USGS Quadrangle map. 1943 Fontana 7.5’, Calif., USGS Quadrangle map. 1955 Fontana, Calif. 7.5’, USGS Quadrangle map. 1959 Fontana, Calif. 7.5’, USGS Quadrangle map. 1963 Fontana, Calif. 7.5’, USGS Quadrangle map. Warren, Claude N. 1984 The Desert Region. In Michael J. Moratto (ed.), California Archaeology, pp. 339-430. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ATTACHMENTS ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ATTACHMENT A PROJECT MAPS ❖ ATTACHMENTS❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment A, Page 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Figure 1 PROJECT REGIONAL LOCATION MAP ❖ ATTACHMENTS❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment A, Page 2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Figure 2 PROJECT STUDY AREA ❖ ATTACHMENTS❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment A, Page 3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Figure 3 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP WITH APE SHOWN AND HALF-MILE BUFFER ZONE ❖ ATTACHMENTS❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ATTACHMENT B PERSONNEL BACKGROUND ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment B, Page 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Stephen O’Neil, M.A., RPA Cultural Resources Manager, Cultural Anthropology/Archaeology Education ▪ M.A., Anthropology (Ethnography emphasis), California State University, Fullerton, CA, 2002 ▪ B.A., Anthropology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 1979 Professional and Institutional Affiliations ▪ California Mission Studies Association ▪ City of Laguna Beach Environmental Sustainability Committee, appointed 2012 ▪ Orange County Natural History Museum; Board Member ▪ Pacific Coast Archaeological Society; Board Member and Past President ▪ Society for California Archaeology Professional Registrations and Licenses ▪ Register of Professional Archaeologists (No. 16104) (current) ▪ Riverside County, CA, Cultural Resource Consultant (No. 259) (current) ▪ Cultural Resource Field Director, BLM Permit (CA-13-19) – California, 2013 ▪ NEPA and CEQ Consultation for Environmental Professionals; course by the National Association of Environmental Professionals, 2013 Professional Experience Mr. O'Neil has 30 years of experience as a cultural anthropologist in California. He has researched and written on archaeology, ethnography, and history. Mr. O'Neil has archaeological experience in excavation, survey, monitoring, and lab work. Most of this has been on Native American prehistoric sites, but also includes Spanish, Mexican, and American period adobe sites. His supervisory experience includes excavation and survey crew chief and project director of an adobe house excavation. He has a wide range of expertise in Phase I & II Environmental Site Assessments, archaeological resource assessment surveys, salvage operations, and cultural background studies for various EIR projects. Mr. O'Neil has worked for cultural resource management firms as well as government agencies and Native American entities. He has prepared technical reports as well as published journal articles. Select project experience Inglewood Avenue Corridor Widening Project, City of Lawndale, Los Angeles County, CA: 2013- 2014 Mr. O’Neil directed and conducted archaeological field survey, cultural resource records search, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. The City of Lawndale is widening Inglewood Avenue from Marine Avenue north. The project uses Caltrans funds and the cultural resources report was prepared in Caltrans format. A separate historic properties report was prepared as well. Prepared for Huitt-Zollars Engineering. Via Ballena Storm Drain Relocation, City of San Clemente, Orange County, CA: 2013 Mr. O’Neil directed and conducted archaeological field survey, cultural resource records search, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. This residential area has a damaged ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment B, Page 2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 storm drain under Via Ballena that was causing earth movement and erosion. The requirements for state funding, and cultural resources inventory report was required. Prepared for the City of San Clemente. Pine Canyon Road – Three Points Road to Lake Hughes Road, Los Angeles County, CA: 2013 Mr. O’Neil directed and conducted archaeological field survey, cultural resource records search, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. This nine-mile portion of Pine Canyon Road lies partially within the Angeles National Forest. A series of widening and culvert repairs is planned by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (LACDPW). An assessment was made of possible cultural resources, historic and prehistoric that may be affected by the construction, and four historic sites were recorded. Prepared for LACDPW. Alton Parkway Extension Project, Cities of Irvine and Lake Forest, Orange County, CA: 2012 Mr. O’Neil directed and conducted archaeological and paleontological monitoring, archaeological excavation, cultural resource records search, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. Alton Parkway was extended 2.1 miles between the cities of Irvine and Lake Forest. For the portion within the City of Irvine, UltraSystems conducted monitoring and excavation services. One prehistoric site was excavated and reported on; a series of living features were discovered and also reported. The final monitoring report described the paleontological and archaeological findings. A separate technical report on the archaeological excavations was also prepared. Mr. O’Neil directed research into historic and prehistoric background and prepared the final assessment of potential impacts. Prepared for the Orange County Department of Public Works. NEPA and CEQA Documentation, Los Angeles Regional Interoperable Communications System (LA-RICS), Los Angeles County, CA: 2011-2014 Mr. O’Neil is part of the UltraSystems team currently preparing technical studies and NEPA and CEQA documentation toward the construction of LA-RICS, an $800-million emergency communications system due to be operational in 2016. LA-RICS will provide a highly-coordinated emergency communications system to all first responders to natural and man-made disasters throughout Los Angeles County. Mr. O’Neil is the cultural and historical resources studies team leader, directing five researchers. These studies include coordination of field visits to all 260-plus locations for an archaeologist and/or an architectural historian with agency escorts to observe and record any onsite prehistoric and historic features, performing records and literature searches at archaeology information centers and local archives, contacting local agencies for historically listed structures and districts, coordinate public notices of the project throughout Los Angeles County, consultation with the NAHC and all local tribal organizations, and direct consultation with the California State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO). This information was compiled by Mr. O’Neil and is used to prepare FCC historical resource forms which were submitted to the SHPO for review. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment B, Page 3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Megan B. Doukakis, M.A. Archaeological Technician Education ▪ M.A. Public Archaeology, California State University, Northridge, 2012–2018 ▪ B.A., Anthropology, California State University, Long Beach, 2011 ▪ University of California, Los Angeles - Pimu Catalina Archaeological Field School, 2010 ▪ International Scholar Laureate Program: Delegation on Anthropology and Archaeology in China, 2009 ▪ Earthwatch Institute, “Unearthing Mallorca’s Past” archaeological excavation, Mallorca, Spain, 2005 Professional and Institutional Affiliations ▪ Phi Kappa Phi National Honor Society, 2011 ▪ Sigma Alpha Lambda, National Leadership and Honor Organization, 2010 ▪ Society for California Archaeology Membership 2012–2015 Professional Experience Mrs. Doukakis has worked in the field of cultural resource management for seven years at environmental firms. Before this Mrs. Doukakis had participated in multiple field schools in Southern California and abroad. She has experience in survey, excavation, laboratory work, and information searches. Mrs. Doukakis holds the title of Archaeological Technician at UltraSystems Environmental. Prior to this, she completed a CRM internship at UltraSystems. These positions have provided her with the opportunity to contribute to proposals, final reports, project scheduling, archaeological record searches and paleontological, archaeological and Native American monitor organizing for projects. Select project experience Results of the Condition Assessment, Site Monitoring, and Effects Treatment Plan (CASMET) Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, San Diego County, CA Client: Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Duration: 5/11 to 9/11 Mrs. Doukakis conducted survey and excavation for the USMC Base Camp Pendleton condition assessment project. Areas were tested around Camp Pendleton for the presence and condition of cultural material previously recorded. She also conducted laboratory work and curation for the material collected within excavations. Mrs. Doukakis contributed to the final report with background records searches and prehistoric and historic background writing for the report. Archaeological Excavation Results Report for the Alton Parkway Extension Project, Orange County, CA Client: Orange County Department of Public Works; Contract: $357,170, 10/10 to 6/12 Mrs. Doukakis participated in the Alton Parkway project, City of Irvine, Orange County, CA. She was responsible for cleaning and cataloging the artifacts recovered from the excavation and surface collections. She also contributed to the final report by compiling the historical background information. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment B, Page 4 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Identification and Evaluation of Historic Properties ADA Wheelchair Access Ramp Improvement Project, City of Lake Forest, Orange County, CA Client: City of Lake Forest/Penco, Contract: $2,981.62, Duration: 6/12 to 7/12 Mrs. Doukakis contributed to the cultural resource records search, field survey, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. This residential area required wheelchair access ramps on every corner in this neighborhood. An assessment of the possible cultural resources that may be affected with this construction was made for the City of Lake Forest. Mrs. Doukakis contributed the historic and prehistoric background, and the assessment of the possible resources in the area. Tenaska Solar Projects Imperial Solar Energy Center–South; Imperial Solar Energy Center– West; and Wistaria Ranch, Imperial County, CA Client: Tenaska/CSOLAR Development, Contract: $3,441,809, 10/13 to 8/15. Mrs. Doukakis conducted Native American contacts for field monitoring, coordinated with subcontractors to initiate cultural and paleontological field surveys, for the several solar energy projects being handled by UltraSystems Environmental in the El Centro area, Imperial County, CA. She contributed different parts of the survey report and monitoring program documents, including historic and prehistoric background, editorial review. At ISEC- West, Mrs. Doukakis was responsible for contacting and organizing Tribal monitors for this project. She contacted tribal organizations and inquired about their interest in providing tribal monitors for this project. directly organized with Native American groups to sign agreements, and fill out tax paperwork. She was also responsible for organizing and keeping track of and gathering field log from monitors from six tribal groups. She also recovered previously recorded artifacts in the field before the start of the project. NEPA and CEQA Documentation, Los Angeles Regional Interoperable Communications System -Long Term Evolution, Los Angeles County, CA Client: LARICS Joint Powers Authority, Contract: $3,051,312, 1/12 to 1/15. UltraSystems’ team prepared technical studies and NEPA and CEQA documentation toward the construction of LA-RICS-LTE, an $800-million emergency communications system that will provide a highly coordinated emergency communications system to all first-responders to natural and man-made disasters throughout Los Angeles County. For this project Mrs. Doukakis conducted record searches at the South Central Coastal Information Center for the Department of Commerce on over 300 project sites throughout the County of Los Angeles. She helped prepare letters to the NAHC and tribal organizations associated with the project area. Mrs. Doukakis contributed to contacting, organizing, and scheduling architectural historians to conduct historical research around the project areas. Letters were written for contact to local agencies and cities. A public notice was constructed and published in three local newspapers. Mrs. Doukakis also constructed hundreds of Federal Communications Commission 620 and 621 forms for submission to California State Historic Preservation Office. Newton Canyon Monitoring Project, CA Client: County of Los Angeles Department of Public Works, Contract: $2,930.00, Duration: 7/13 to 12/13 Mrs. Doukakis was an archaeological monitor for this project. She monitored all ground disturbing activities as well as lightly surveying the area for cultural material. Mrs. Doukakis also conducted the records center research at the South Central Coastal Information Center at CSUF. Through email, letter, and telephone correspondence, Mrs. Doukakis contacted the NAHC and associated tribal groups. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ATTACHMENT C NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION RECORDS SEARCH ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 4 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 5 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 6 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 7 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 8 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 9 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 10 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 11 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 12 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 13 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 14 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 15 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 16 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 17 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 18 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 19 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 20 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 21 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Northgate Market Center Project, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. [UEI #7051] Native American Contact Log Name Tribe/Affil iation Letter Contacts E-mail Contacts Telephone Contact Comments Andrew Green, Cultural Resource Analyst Native American Heritage Commission April 1, 2020 April 1, 2020 N/A Request for Sacred Lands File search and local Native American representatives contact information. Andrew Salas, Chairperson Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians - Kiz h Nation April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. An email response was received May 13, 2020, from Brandy Salas, the Administrative Specialist for the tribe stating that they would like to consult on the project and requested the contact information for the lead agency. Mrs. Doukakis replied by email on May 14, 2020 with the lead agency’s contact information. Anthony Morales, Chairperson Gabrieleno/ Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Phone call was made May 20, 2020. Chairperson Morales indicated that there might be a satellite of the San Gabriel Mission in the area (estancia). He also indicated that there would have been travel routes along the 10 freeway. Chairperson Morales requested archaeological and Native American monitoring and to use their tribe. Charles Alvarez, Councilmem ber Gabrielino - Tongva Tribe April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Phone call was made May 20, 2020. There was no answer, a message was left. There has been no response to date. Denisa Torres, Cultural Resources Manager Morongo Band of Mission Indians April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Phone call was made May 20, 2020. The phone number was disconnected so no message was left. There has been no response to date. Robert Martin, Chairperson Morongo Band of Mission Indians April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Phone call was made May 20, 2020. The phone number was disconnected so no message was left. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 22 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Name Tribe/Affil iation Letter Contacts E-mail Contacts Telephone Contact Comments There has been no response to date. Donna Yocum, Chairperson San Fernando Band of Mission Indians April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Phone call was made May 20, 2020. There was no answer, a message was left. There has been no response to date. Jeff Grubbe, Chairperson Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Email response was received on April 6, 2020 from Cultural Resources Director Plotkin indicating that this project is not located within the Tribe’s Traditional Use Area. (See below.) Therefore, they defer to the other tribes in the area. Patricia Garcia- Plotkin, Director Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Email response was received on April 6, 2020 and May 12, 2020 from Cultural Resources Director Plotkin indicating that this project is not located within the Tribe’s Traditional Use Area. Therefore, we defer to the other tribes in the area. Jessica Mauck, Director of Cultural Resources San Manuel Band of Mission Indians April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. An email response was received on May 1, 2020 from Ms. Mauck indicating that they typically do not have great concerns with this portion of Serrano ancestral territory, and as the project area is disturbed (and currently covered with concrete), it is highly unlikely that the tribe will consult on this project with the Lead Agency. Jill McCormick, Historic Preservation Officer Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Email response was received from Ms. McCormick on April 3, 2020 indicated that we should give call her. Phone call was made on May 20, 2020. Ms. McCormick indicated that she had emailed a response and that she would resend that email now. An email was received the same day indicating that Ms. McCormick was corresponding with the City of Fontana ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 23 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 Name Tribe/Affil iation Letter Contacts E-mail Contacts Telephone Contact Comments and that they did not wish to comment on the project. Manfred Scott, Acting Chairman Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Email response was received from Ms. McCormick on April 3, 2020 indicated that we should give call her. See above. Mark Cochrane, Co- Chairperson Serrano Nation of Mission Indians April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Phone call was made May 20, 2020. There was no answer, a message was left. There has been no response to date. Wayne Walker, Co- Chairperson Serrano Nation of Mission Indians April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Phone call was made May 20, 2020. There was no answer, a message was left. There has been no response to date. Robert Dorame, Chairperson Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 and May 22, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Phone call was made May 20, 2020. Chairperson Dorame asked that we call him back with the results of the pedestrian survey. He indicated that they usually only comment on projects where they have family present but they don’t have any here. Another phone call was made on May 22, 2020 and the pedestrian survey results were provided. Chairperson Dorame asked about local waterways and concluded that in the event cultural artifacts/ burial goods are unearthed his tribe would like to be informed. He also requested that if any human remains are found that they would like to be notified despite what MLD the NAHC assigns. Sandonne Goad, Chairperson Gabrielino/ Tongva Nation April 3, 2020 April 3, 2020 Telephone call made May 20, 2020 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent April 3, 2020. Phone call was made May 20, 2020. There was no answer, a message was left. There has been no response to date. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 24 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 25 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 26 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 27 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 28 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 29 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment C, Page 30 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020 ATTACHMENT D CHRIS RECORDS SEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7051/Northgate Market Center Project Attachment D, Page 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory June 2020