HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix F - Noise Study_SobratoAPPENDIX F
ACOUSTICAL ASSESSMENT
Acoustical Assessment
Sobrato Residential Development Project
City of Fontana, California
Prepared by:
Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.
3880 Lemon Street, Suite 420
Riverside, California 92501
Contact: Mr. Ryan Chiene
714.705.1343
February 2022
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Acoustical Assessment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Location ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Project Description ................................................................................................................................... 1
2 ACOUSTIC FUNDAMENTALS
2.1 Sound and Environmental Noise .............................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Groundborne Vibration .......................................................................................................................... 10
3 REGULATORY SETTING
3.1 State of California ................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Local ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
4 EXISTING CONDITIONS
4.1 Existing Noise Sources ............................................................................................................................ 15
4.2 Noise Measurements ............................................................................................................................. 16
4.3 Sensitive Receptors ................................................................................................................................ 16
5 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY
5.1 CEQA Threshsolds .................................................................................................................................. 18
5.2 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 18
6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
6.1 Acoustical Impacts ................................................................................................................................. 20
7 REFERENCES
References .............................................................................................................................................. 35
TABLES
Table 1 Typical Noise Levels .................................................................................................................................. 6
Table 2 Definitions of Acoustical Terms ................................................................................................................ 7
Table 3 Human Reaction and Damage to Buildings for Continuous or Frequent Intermittent Vibrations ......... 10
Table 4 Existing Traffic Noise Levels ................................................................................................................... 15
Table 5 Existing Noise Measurements ................................................................................................................ 16
Table 6 Typical Construction Noise Levels .......................................................................................................... 21
Table 7 Project Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receptor ........................................................................ 21
Table 8 Existing Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels ............................................................................................... 23
Table 9 Horizon Year and Horizon Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels ........................................................... 24
Table 10 Unmitigated On-Site Traffic Noise Levels ............................................................................................... 25
Table 11 Mitigated On-Site Traffic Noise Levels ................................................................................................... 27
Table 12 Sound Transmission Class for Windows ................................................................................................. 28
Table 13 Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels ................................................................................. 33
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1 Regional Vicinity ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Exhibit 2 Site Vicinity ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Exhibit 3 Conceptual Site Plan ................................................................................................................................ 5
Exhibit 4 Noise Measurement Locations .............................................................................................................. 17
Exhibit 5 Traffic Noise Receiver Locations (All Floors) .......................................................................................... 26
Exhibit 6 Recommended Window and Entry Door Treatments (Second Floor) .................................................... 30
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APPENDICES
Appendix A: Noise Data
LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS
APN Assessor’s Parcel Number
ADT average daily traffic
dBA A-weighted sound level
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CLSP California Landings Specific Plan
CSMA California Subdivision Map Act
CNEL community equivalent noise level
Ldn day-night noise level
dB decibel
du/ac dwelling units per acre
Leq equivalent noise level
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
FTA Federal Transit Administration
HVAC heating ventilation and air conditioning
Hz hertz
HOA homeowner’s association
in/sec inches per second
Lmax maximum noise level
µPa micropascals
Lmin minimum noise level
PPV peak particle velocity
RMS root mean square
TNM 2.5 Traffic Noise Model Version 2.5
VdB vibration velocity level
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1 INTRODUCTION
This report documents the results of an Acoustical Assessment completed for the Sobrato Residential
Development Project (“Project” or “Proposed Project”). The purpose of this Acoustical Assessment is to
evaluate the potential construction and operational noise and vibration levels associated with the Project
and determine the level of impact the Project would have on the environment.
1.1 Project Location and Setting
The Project site is located south of Sierra Lakes Parkway and east of Lytle Creek Road in the northern area
of the City of Fontana (City) in the County of San Bernardino (County). Exhibit 1: Regional Vicinity and
Exhibit 2: Site Vicinity show the Project’s location within the overall City as well as the Project’s location
within the surrounding community, respectively. The Project site is bordered by Lytle Creek Road to the
west, Sierra Lakes Parkway to the north, Maloof Avenue to the east, and Highland Channel to the south.
Regional access to the site would be via State Route 210 (SR-210) approximately 0.03 miles south of the
Project site with the nearest exit/entrance ramp located approximately 0.6 miles southeast of the Project,
at the SR-210’s intersection with Citrus Avenue.
The Project would occupy approximately 10.3 acres within the City and includes the following 16 Assessor
Parcel Numbers (APNs): 0226-162-08, -09 through -11, -13 through -21, -23, -25 through -26. The Project
site is currently vacant with sparse vegetation. Per the Lytle Creek EIR, there was a dilapidated single-
family structure on site which was removed in December 2004.1 The site is surrounded by vacant land and
single-family residences to the north; single-family residences to the east; Highland Channel, SR-210, and
single-family residences to the south; and single-family residences to the west.
1.2 Project Description
The Project proposes a planned unit development (PUD) that includes two (2) residential products: cluster
and motorcourt on the 10.3-acre site for a total of 143 units with the density of 13.8 dwelling units per
acre (du/ac). The cluster development module would include 47 units consisting of 36 3-bedroom units
and 15 4-bedroom units and the motorcourt development module would include 96 units consisting of
16 1-bedroom units, 32 2-bedroom units, and 48 3-bedroom units; see Exhibit 3: Conceptual Site Plan for
further details. The Sobrato PUD would serve as the underlying standards and requirements and contain
design and development standards, provisions, procedures, and permitted uses for the Project.
Project Circulation
Regional access to the Project site is provided via SR-210 approximately 0.03-mile south of the Project site
with the nearest exit/entrance ramp located approximately 0.6-mile southeast of the Project, at the SR-
210’s intersection with Citrus Avenue.
Local access to the Project site is provided via Lytle Creek Road, which is a collector street that trends in
a north-south direction and Sierra Lakes Parkway, which is classified as a primary highway that trends in
an east-west direction.
1 City of Fontana, Draft Environmental Impact Report SCH #2005021054, page 2.0-1, 2006.
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Project site main ingress and egress driveway would be provided via one 40-foot-wide driveway located
on Lytle Creek Road. The driveway would connect the internal circulation directly to Lytle Creek Road
and allow full access movement for vehicles and emergency vehicles.
Parking
The Project would be required to provide at least 384 parking stalls; however, the Project includes 400
parking stalls; see Exhibit 3.
Project Phasing and Construction
Project construction is anticipated to occur over a duration of approximately 12 months, commencing in
December 2022.
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Exhibit 1: Regional Vicinity
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Exhibit 2: Site Vicinity
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Exhibit 3: Conceptual Site Plan
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2 ACOUSTIC FUNDAMENTALS
2.1 Sound and Environmental Noise
Acoustics is the science of sound. Sound can be described as the mechanical energy of a vibrating object
transmitted by pressure waves through a medium (e.g., air) to human (or animal) ear. If the pressure
variations occur frequently enough (at least 20 times per second), they can be heard and are called sound.
The number of pressure variations per second is called the frequency of sound and is expressed as cycles
per second, or hertz (Hz).
Noise is defined as loud, unexpected, or annoying sound. In acoustics, the fundamental model consists of
a noise source, a receptor, and the propagation path between the two. The loudness of the noise source,
obstructions, or atmospheric factors affecting the propagation path, determine the perceived sound level
and noise characteristics at the receptor. Acoustics deal primarily with the propagation and control of
sound. A typical noise environment consists of a base of steady background noise that is the sum of many
distant and indistinguishable noise sources. Superimposed on this background noise is the sound from
individual local sources. These sources can vary from an occasional aircraft or train passing by to
continuous noise from traffic on a major highway. Perceptions of sound and noise are highly subjective
from person to person.
Measuring sound directly in terms of pressure would require a large range of numbers. To avoid this, the
decibel (dB) scale was devised. The dB scale uses the hearing threshold of 20 micropascals (µPa) as a point
of reference, defined as 0 dB. Other sound pressures are then compared to this reference pressure, and
the logarithm is taken to keep the numbers in a practical range. The dB scale allows a million-fold increase
in pressure to be expressed as 120 dB, and changes in levels correspond closely to human perception of
relative loudness. Table 1: Typical Noise Levels provides typical noise levels.
Table 1: Typical Noise Levels
Common Outdoor Activities Noise Level (dBA) Common Indoor Activities
– 110 – Rock Band
Jet fly-over at 1,000 feet
– 100 –
Gas lawnmower at 3 feet
– 90 –
Diesel truck at 50 feet at 50 miles per hour Food blender at 3 feet
– 80 – Garbage disposal at 3 feet
Noisy urban area, daytime
Gas lawnmower, 100 feet – 70 – Vacuum cleaner at 10 feet
Commercial area Normal Speech at 3 feet
Heavy traffic at 300 feet – 60 –
Large business office
Quiet urban daytime – 50 – Dishwasher in next room
Quiet urban nighttime – 40 – Theater, large conference room (background)
Quiet suburban nighttime
– 30 – Library
Quiet rural nighttime Bedroom at night, concert hall (background)
– 20 –
Broadcast/recording studio
– 10 –
Lowest threshold of human hearing – 0 – Lowest threshold of human hearing
Source: California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol, September 2013.
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Noise Descriptors
The dB scale alone does not adequately characterize how humans perceive noise. The dominant
frequencies of a sound have a substantial effect on the human response to that sound. Several rating
scales have been developed to analyze the adverse effect of community noise on people. Because
environmental noise fluctuates over time, these scales consider that the effect of noise on people is largely
dependent on the total acoustical energy content of the noise, as well as the time of day when the noise
occurs. The equivalent noise level (Leq) is the average noise level averaged over the measurement period,
while the day-night noise level (Ldn) and Community Equivalent Noise Level (CNEL) are measures of energy
average during a 24-hour period, with dB weighted sound levels from 7:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. Most
commonly, environmental sounds are described in terms of Leq that has the same acoustical energy as the
summation of all the time-varying events. Each is applicable to this analysis and defined in Table 2:
Definitions of Acoustical Terms.
Table 2: Definitions of Acoustical Terms
Term Definitions
Decibel (dB) A unit describing the amplitude of sound, equal to 20 times the logarithm to the base 10
of the ratio of the pressure of the sound measured to the reference pressure. The reference
pressure for air is 20.
Sound Pressure Level Sound pressure is the sound force per unit area, usually expressed in µPa (or 20
micronewtons per square meter), where 1 pascals is the pressure resulting from a force of
1 newton exerted over an area of 1 square meter. The sound pressure level is expressed in
dB as 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio between the pressures exerted by
the sound to a reference sound pressure (e.g., 20 µPa). Sound pressure level is the quantity
that is directly measured by a sound level meter.
Frequency (Hz) The number of complete pressure fluctuations per second above and below atmospheric
pressure. Normal human hearing is between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Infrasonic sound are
below 20 Hz and ultrasonic sounds are above 20,000 Hz.
A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA) The sound pressure level in dB as measured on a sound level meter using the A-weighting
filter network. The A-weighting filter de-emphasizes the very low and very high frequency
components of the sound in a manner similar to the frequency response of the human ear
and correlates well with subjective reactions to noise.
Equivalent Noise Level (Leq) The average acoustic energy content of noise for a stated period of time. Thus, the Leq of a
time-varying noise and that of a steady noise are the same if they deliver the same acoustic
energy to the ear during exposure. For evaluating community impacts, this rating scale
does not vary, regardless of whether the noise occurs during the day or the night.
Maximum Noise Level (Lmax)
Minimum Noise Level (Lmin)
The maximum and minimum dBA during the measurement period.
Exceeded Noise Levels
(L01, L10, L50, L90)
The dBA values that are exceeded 1%, 10%, 50%, and 90% of the time during the
measurement period.
Day-Night Noise Level (Ldn) A 24-hour average Leq with a 10 dBA weighting added to noise during the hours of 10:00
p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to account for noise sensitivity at nighttime. The logarithmic effect of
these additions is that a 60 dBA 24-hour Leq would result in a measurement of 66.4 dBA Ldn.
Community Noise Equivalent
Level (CNEL)
A 24-hour average Leq with a 5 dBA weighting during the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.
and a 10 dBA weighting added to noise during the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to
account for noise sensitivity in the evening and nighttime, respectively. The logarithmic
effect of these additions is that a 60 dBA 24-hour Leq would result in a measurement of 66.7
dBA CNEL.
Ambient Noise Level The composite of noise from all sources near and far. The normal or existing level of
environmental noise at a given location.
Intrusive That noise which intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given location.
The relative intrusiveness of a sound depends on its amplitude, duration, frequency, and
time of occurrence and tonal or informational content as well as the prevailing ambient
noise level.
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The A-weighted decibel (dBA) sound level scale gives greater weight to the frequencies of sound to which
the human ear is most sensitive. Because sound levels can vary markedly over a short period of time, a
method for describing either the average character of the sound or the statistical behavior of the
variations must be utilized. Most commonly, environmental sounds are described in terms of an average
level that has the same acoustical energy as the summation of all the time-varying events.
The scientific instrument used to measure noise is the sound level meter. Sound level meters can
accurately measure environmental noise levels to within about plus or minus 1 dBA. Various computer
models are used to predict environmental noise levels from sources, such as roadways and airports. The
accuracy of the predicted models depends on the distance between the receptor and the noise source.
A-Weighted Decibels
The perceived loudness of sounds is dependent on many factors, including sound pressure level and
frequency content. However, within the usual range of environmental noise levels, perception of loudness
is relatively predictable and can be approximated by dBA values. There is a strong correlation between
dBA and the way the human ear perceives sound. For this reason, the dBA has become the standard tool
of environmental noise assessment. All noise levels reported in this document are in terms of dBA, but
are expressed as dB, unless otherwise noted.
Addition of Decibels
The dB scale is logarithmic, not linear, and therefore sound levels cannot be added or subtracted through
ordinary arithmetic. Two sound levels 10 dB apart differ in acoustic energy by a factor of 10. When the
standard logarithmic dB is A-weighted, an increase of 10 dBA is generally perceived as a doubling in
loudness. For example, a 70-dBA sound is half as loud as an 80-dBA sound and twice as loud as a 60-dBA
sound. When two identical sources are each producing sound of the same loudness, the resulting sound
level at a given distance would be 3 dBA higher than one source under the same conditions. Under the dB
scale, three sources of equal loudness together would produce an increase of 5 dBA.
Sound Propagation and Attenuation
Sound spreads (propagates) uniformly outward in a spherical pattern, and the sound level decreases
(attenuates) at a rate of approximately 6 dB for each doubling of distance from a stationary or point
source. Sound from a line source, such as a highway, propagates outward in a cylindrical pattern. Sound
levels attenuate at a rate of approximately 3 dB for each doubling of distance from a line source, such as
a roadway, depending on ground surface characteristics. No excess attenuation is assumed for hard
surfaces like a parking lot or a body of water. Soft surfaces, such as soft dirt or grass, can absorb sound,
so an excess ground-attenuation value of 1.5 dB per doubling of distance is normally assumed. For line
sources, an overall attenuation rate of 3 dB per doubling of distance is assumed.
Noise levels may also be reduced by intervening structures; generally, a single row of buildings between
the receptor and the noise source reduces the noise level by about 5 dBA, while a solid wall or berm
reduces noise levels by 5 to 10 dBA. The way older homes in California were constructed generally
provides a reduction of exterior-to-interior noise levels of about 20 to 25 dBA with closed windows. The
exterior-to-interior reduction of newer residential units is generally 30 dBA or more.
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Human Response to Noise
The human response to environmental noise is subjective and varies considerably from individual to
individual. Noise in the community has often been cited as a health problem, not in terms of actual
physiological damage, such as hearing impairment, but in terms of inhibiting general well-being and
contributing to undue stress and annoyance. The health effects of noise in the community arise from
interference with human activities, including sleep, speech, recreation, and tasks that demand
concentration or coordination. Hearing loss can occur at the highest noise intensity levels.
Noise environments and consequences of human activities are usually well represented by median noise
levels during the day or night or over a 24-hour period. Environmental noise levels are generally
considered low when the CNEL is below 60 dBA, moderate in the 60 to 70 dBA range, and high above 70
dBA. Examples of low daytime levels are isolated, natural settings with noise levels as low as 20 dBA and
quiet, suburban, residential streets with noise levels around 40 dBA. Noise levels above 45 dBA at night
can disrupt sleep. Examples of moderate-level noise environments are urban residential or semi-
commercial areas (typically 55 to 60 dBA) and commercial locations (typically 60 dBA). People may
consider louder environments adverse, but most will accept the higher levels associated with noisier
urban residential or residential-commercial areas (60 to 75 dBA) or dense urban or industrial areas (65 to
80 dBA). Regarding increases in dBA, the following relationships should be noted:
Except in carefully controlled laboratory experiments, a 1-dBA change cannot be perceived by
humans.
Outside of the laboratory, a 3-dBA change is considered a just-perceivable difference.
A minimum 5-dBA change is required before any noticeable change in community response would
be expected. A 5-dBA increase is typically considered substantial.
A 10-dBA change is subjectively heard as an approximate doubling in loudness and would almost
certainly cause an adverse change in community response.
Effects of Noise on People
Hearing Loss. While physical damage to the ear from an intense noise impulse is rare, a degradation of
auditory acuity can occur even within a community noise environment. Hearing loss occurs mainly due to
chronic exposure to excessive noise but may be due to a single event such as an explosion. Natural hearing
loss associated with aging may also be accelerated from chronic exposure to loud noise. The Occupational
Safety and Health Administration has a noise exposure standard that is set at the noise threshold where
hearing loss may occur from long-term exposures. The maximum allowable level is 90 dBA averaged over
8 hours. If the noise is above 90 dBA, the allowable exposure time is correspondingly shorter.
Annoyance. Attitude surveys are used for measuring the annoyance felt in a community for noises
intruding into homes or affecting outdoor activity areas. In these surveys, it was determined that causes
for annoyance include interference with speech, radio and television, house vibrations, and interference
with sleep and rest. The Ldn as a measure of noise has been found to provide a valid correlation of noise
level and the percentage of people annoyed. People have been asked to judge the annoyance caused by
aircraft noise and ground transportation noise. There continues to be disagreement about the relative
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annoyance of these different sources. A noise level of about 55 dBA Ldn is the threshold at which a
substantial percentage of people begin to report annoyance.2
2.2 Groundborne Vibration
Sources of groundborne vibrations include natural phenomena (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, sea
waves, landslides, etc.) or man-made causes (explosions, machinery, traffic, trains, construction
equipment, etc.). Vibration sources may be continuous (e.g., factory machinery) or transient (e.g.,
explosions). Ground vibration consists of rapidly fluctuating motions or waves with an average motion of
zero. Several different methods are typically used to quantify vibration amplitude. One is the peak particle
velocity (PPV); another is the root mean square (RMS) velocity. The PPV is defined as the maximum
instantaneous positive or negative peak of the vibration wave. The RMS velocity is defined as the average
of the squared amplitude of the signal. The PPV and RMS vibration velocity amplitudes are used to
evaluate human response to vibration.
Table 3: Human Reaction and Damage to Buildings for Continuous or Frequent Intermittent Vibrations,
displays the reactions of people and the effects on buildings produced by continuous vibration levels. The
annoyance levels shown in the table should be interpreted with care since vibration may be found to be
annoying at much lower levels than those listed, depending on the level of activity or the sensitivity of the
individual. To sensitive individuals, vibrations approaching the threshold of perception can be annoying.
Low-level vibrations frequently cause irritating secondary vibration, such as a slight rattling of windows,
doors, or stacked dishes. The rattling sound can give rise to exaggerated vibration complaints, even
though there is very little risk of actual structural damage. In high noise environments, which are more
prevalent where groundborne vibration approaches perceptible levels, this rattling phenomenon may also
be produced by loud airborne environmental noise causing induced vibration in exterior doors and
windows.
Table 3: Human Reaction and Damage to Buildings for Continuous or Frequent Intermittent Vibrations
Peak Particle
Velocity
(in/sec)
Approximate
Vibration Velocity
Level (VdB)
Human Reaction Effect on Buildings
0.006-0.019 64-74 Range of threshold of perception Vibrations unlikely to cause damage of
any type
0.08
87 Vibrations readily perceptible
Recommended upper level to which
ruins and ancient monuments should be
subjected
0.1 92
Level at which continuous vibrations may
begin to annoy people, particularly those
involved in vibration sensitive activities
Virtually no risk of architectural damage
to normal buildings
0.2
94 Vibrations may begin to annoy people in
buildings
Threshold at which there is a risk of
architectural damage to normal
dwellings
0.4-0.6 98-104
Vibrations considered unpleasant by
people subjected to continuous
vibrations and unacceptable to some
people walking on bridges
Architectural damage and possibly minor
structural damage
Source: California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, 2013.
2 Federal Interagency Committee on Noise, Federal Agency Review of Selected Airport Noise Analysis Issues, August 1992.
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Ground vibration can be a concern in instances where buildings shake, and substantial rumblings occur.
However, it is unusual for vibration from typical urban sources such as buses and heavy trucks to be
perceptible. Common sources for groundborne vibration are planes, trains, and construction activities
such as earth-moving which requires the use of heavy-duty earth moving equipment. For the purposes of
this analysis, a PPV descriptor with units of inches per second (in/sec) is used to evaluate construction-
generated vibration for building damage and human complaints.
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3 REGULATORY SETTING
To limit population exposure to physically or psychologically damaging as well as intrusive noise levels,
the Federal government, the State of California, various county governments, and most municipalities in
the state have established standards and ordinances to control noise.
3.1 State of California
California Government Code
California Government Code Section 65302(f) mandates that the legislative body of each county and city
adopt a noise element as part of its comprehensive general plan. The local noise element must recognize
the land use compatibility guidelines established by the State Department of Health Services. The
guidelines rank noise land use compatibility in terms of “normally acceptable”, “conditionally acceptable”,
“normally unacceptable”, and “clearly unacceptable” noise levels for various land use types. Single-family
homes are “normally acceptable” in exterior noise environments up to 60 CNEL and “conditionally
acceptable” up to 70 CNEL. Multiple-family residential uses are “normally acceptable” up to 65 CNEL and
“conditionally acceptable” up to 70 CNEL. Schools, libraries, and churches are “normally acceptable” up
to 70 CNEL, as are office buildings and business, commercial, and professional uses.
Title 24 – Building Code
The State’s noise insulation standards are codified in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24: Part 1,
Building Standards Administrative Code, and Part 2, California Building Code. These noise standards are
applied to new construction in California for interior noise compatibility from exterior noise sources. The
regulations specify that acoustical studies must be prepared when noise-sensitive structures, such as
residential buildings, schools, or hospitals, are located near major transportation noise sources, and
where such noise sources create an exterior noise level of 65 dBA CNEL or higher. Acoustical studies that
accompany building plans must demonstrate that the structure has been designed to limit interior noise
in habitable rooms to acceptable noise levels. For new multi-family residential buildings, the acceptable
interior noise limit for new construction is 45 dBA CNEL.
3.2 Local
City of Fontana General Plan
Adopted on November 13, 2018, the Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 (Fontana General
Plan) identifies noise standards that are used as guidelines to evaluate transportation noise level impacts.
These standards are also used to assess the long-term traffic noise impacts on specific land uses. According
to the Fontana General Plan, land uses such as residences have acceptable exterior noise levels of up to
65 dBA CNEL. Based on the guidelines in the Fontana General Plan, an exterior noise level of 65 dBA CNEL
is generally considered the maximum exterior noise level for sensitive receptors.
Land uses near these significant noise-producers can incorporate buffers and noise control techniques
including setbacks, landscaping, building transitions, site design, and building construction techniques to
reduce the impact of excessive noise. Selection of the appropriate noise control technique would vary
depending on the level of noise that needs to be reduced as well as the location and intended land use.
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The City has adopted the Noise and Safety Element as a part of the updated Fontana General Plan. The
Noise and Safety Element specifies the maximum allowable unmitigated exterior noise levels for new
developments impacted by transportation noise sources. Additionally, the Noise and Safety Element
identifies transportation noise policies designed to protect, create, and maintain an environment free of
harmful noise that could impact the health and welfare of sensitive receptors. The following Fontana
General Plan goals, policies, and actions for addressing noise are applicable to the Project:
Goal 8: The City of Fontana protects sensitive land uses from excessive noise by diligent planning
through 2035.
Policy 8.2: Noise-tolerant land uses shall be guided into areas irrevocably committed to
land uses that are noise-producing, such as transportation corridors.
Policy 8.4: Noise spillover or encroachment from commercial, industrial and educational
land uses shall be minimized into adjoining residential neighborhoods or
noise-sensitive uses.
Action C: The State of California Office of Planning and Research General Plan
Guidelines shall be followed with respect to acoustical study requirements.
Goal 9: The City of Fontana provides a diverse and efficiently operated ground transportation
system that generates the minimum feasible noise on its residents through 2035.
Policy 9.1: All noise sections of the State Motor Vehicle Code shall be enforced.
Policy 9.2: Roads shall be maintained such that the paving is in good condition and free
of cracks, bumps, and potholes.
Action A: On-road trucking activities shall continue to be regulated in the City to ensure
noise impacts are minimized, including the implementation of truck-routes
based on traffic studies.
Action B: Development that generates increased traffic and subsequent increases in
the ambient noise level adjacent to noise-sensitive land uses shall provide
appropriate mitigation measures.
Action D: Explore the use of “quiet pavement” materials for street improvements.
Goal 10: Fontana’s residents are protected from the negative effects of “spillover” noise.
Policy 10.1: Residential land uses and areas identified as noise-sensitive shall be
protected from excessive noise from non-transportation sources including
industrial, commercial, and residential activities and equipment.
Action A: Projects located in commercial areas shall not exceed stationary-source noise
standards at the property line of proximate residential or commercial uses.
Action B: Industrial uses shall not exceed commercial or residential stationary source
noise standards at the most proximate land uses.
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Action C: Non-transportation noise shall be considered in land use planning decisions.
Action D: Construction shall be performed as quietly as feasible when performed in
proximity to residential or other noise sensitive land uses.
City of Fontana Municipal Code
Standards established under the City of Fontana Municipal Code (Municipal Code) are used to analyze
noise impacts originating from the Project. Operational noise impacts are typically governed by Fontana
Municipal Code Sections 18-61 through 18-67. However, the City currently relies on delineated general
industrial areas. According to the General Plan Noise and Safety section, these areas are buffered from
residential uses through land use zoning that places either light industrial or commercial uses between
the major manufacturers involved in heavy industrial uses and local residents. This separation of land uses
meaning noise intrusion on conforming land uses is not a problem at this time.
Guidelines for non-transportation and stationary noise source impacts from operations at private
properties are found in the Zoning and Development Code in Chapter 30 of the Fontana Municipal Code.
Applicable guidelines indicate that no person shall create or cause any sound exceeding the City’s stated
noise performance standards measured at the property line of any residentially zoned property. Per
Fontana Municipal Code Section 30-543(A), the performance standards for exterior noise emanating from
any property are 70 dBA between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. and 65 dBA during the noise-
sensitive hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. at residential uses. For this analysis, a 65-dBA nighttime noise
level standard is conservatively used to analyze potential noise impacts at off-site residential receptors
within the City of Fontana.
The City has also set restrictions to control noise impacts from construction activities. Section 18-63(b)(7)
states that the erection (including excavation), demolition, alteration, or repair of any structure shall only
occur between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of 8:00 a.m.
and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays, except in the case of urgent necessity or otherwise approved by the City of
Fontana. Although the Fontana Municipal Code limits the hours of construction, it does not provide
specific noise level performance standards for construction.
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4 EXISTING CONDITIONS
4.1 Existing Noise Sources
The City is impacted by various noise sources. Mobile sources of noise, especially cars, trucks, and trains
are the most common and significant sources of noise. Other noise sources are the various land uses (i.e.,
residential, commercial, institutional, and recreational and parks activities) throughout the City that
generate stationary-source noise.
Mobile Sources
Existing roadway noise levels were calculated for the roadway segments in the Project vicinity. This task
was accomplished using the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highway Traffic Noise Prediction
Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) and Existing (2017) ADT Volumes from the Fontana Forward General Plan
Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report.3 The noise prediction model calculates the
average noise level at specific locations based on traffic volumes, average speeds, roadway geometry, and
site environmental conditions. The average vehicle noise rates (also referred to as energy rates) used in
the FHWA model have been modified to reflect average vehicle noise rates identified for California by the
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The Caltrans data indicates that California automobile
noise is 0.8 to 1.0 dBA higher than national levels and that medium and heavy truck noise is 0.3 to 3.0 dBA
lower than national levels. The average daily noise levels along local roadway segments in proximity to
the Project site are included in Table 4: Existing Traffic Noise Levels. As shown in Table 4, existing traffic
noise levels along local roadways in the Project vicinity range between 53.6 dBA CNEL and 60.9 dBA CNEL.
In addition, according to the on-site traffic noise modeling results provided in Section 6.1, Acoustical
Impacts (On-Site Traffic Noise), noise levels from SR-210 traffic range from approximately 57.6 dBA CNEL
to 72.8 dBA CNEL (at ground level) at the Project site.
3 City of Fontana, Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report,
https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/29524/Draft-Environmental-Impact-Report-for-the-General-Plan-Update,
accessed November 2, 2021.
Table 4: Existing Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment ADT dBA CNEL1
Sierra Lakes Parkway
Lyte Creek Road to Maloof Avenue 16,000 60.9
Lyte Creek Road
South of Sierra Lakes Parkway Road 3,000 53.6
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
Notes:
1. Traffic data obtained from the Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report, 2018.
2. Traffic noise levels are at 100 feet from the roadway centerline. Noise levels modeled using the FHWA-RD-77-108 Highway
Traffic Noise Prediction Model; see Appendix A for traffic noise modeling results.
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Stationary Sources
The primary sources of stationary noise in the Project vicinity are those associated with residential
properties surrounding the Project. The noise associated with these sources may represent a single-event
noise occurrence or short-term noise. Other noises include mechanical equipment (e.g., heating
ventilation and air conditioning [HVAC] equipment), dogs barking, idling vehicles, and residents talking.
4.2 Noise Measurements
The Project site is currently vacant and unoccupied. To quantify existing ambient noise levels in the Project
area, Kimley-Horn conducted four short-term noise measurements on October 7, 2021; see Appendix A:
Noise Data. The noise measurement sites were representative of typical existing noise exposure within
and immediately adjacent to the Project site. The 10-minute measurements were taken between 8:37
a.m. and 9:30 a.m. Measurements of Leq are considered representative of the noise levels throughout the
day. The average noise levels and sources of noise measured at each location are listed in Table 5: Existing
Noise Measurements and shown on Exhibit 4: Noise Measurement Locations.
Table 5: Existing Noise Measurements
Site Location Measurement Period Duration
Daytime
Average Leq
(dBA)
1 Southwest corner of Ross Way and
Lytle Creek Road 8:37 – 8:47 a.m. 10 Minutes 62.1
2
Western side of Lytle Creek Road,
near the intersection of Jocelyn Way
and Lytle Creek Road
8:51 – 9:01 a.m. 10 Minutes 62.8
3 Along the south side of Sierra Lake
Parkway, east of the Project site 9:06 – 9:16 a.m. 10 Minutes 71.6
4 At the southern end of Malouf
Avenue 9:20 – 9:30 a.m. 10 Minutes 70.6
Source: Noise measurements taken by Kimley-Horn, October 7, 2021. See Appendix A for noise measurement results.
4.3 Sensitive Receptors
Noise exposure standards and guidelines for various types of land uses reflect the varying noise
sensitivities associated with each of these uses. Land uses considered sensitive receptors include
residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, long-term health care facilities, rehabilitation centers,
convalescent centers, and retirement homes. Sensitive land uses surrounding the Project consist mostly
of residential communities. Sensitive land uses near the Project include single-family uses north, east, and
west of the site. There are also residences located to the south of the Project site (south of SR-210);
however, these uses are heavily influenced by traffic noise on SR-210 and would not be influenced by
noise-generating activities at the Project site.
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Exhibit 4: Noise Measurement Locations
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5 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY
5.1 CEQA Thresholds
Appendix G of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines contains analysis guidelines
related to noise impacts. These guidelines have been used by the City to develop thresholds of significance
for this analysis. A project would create a significant environmental impact if it would:
Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of
the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or
applicable standards of other agencies;
Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels; and
For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where
such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, expose
people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels.
5.2 Methodology
Construction
Construction noise levels were based on typical noise levels generated by construction equipment
published by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and FHWA. Construction noise is assessed in dBA
Leq. This unit is appropriate because Leq can be used to describe noise level from operation of each piece
of equipment separately, and levels can be combined to represent the noise level from all equipment
operating during a given period.
FHWA’s Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM) was used to estimate construction noise at nearby
sensitive receptors. For modeling purposes, construction equipment has been distributed evenly between
the center of the construction site and the nearest receptor. To be conservative, the loudest and most
used equipment was placed nearest the sensitive receptor. Noise level estimates do not account for the
presence of intervening structures or topography, which may reduce noise levels at receptor locations.
Therefore, the noise levels presented herein represent a conservative, reasonable worst-case estimate of
actual temporary construction noise.
Operations
The analysis of the Without Project and With Project noise environments is based on noise prediction
modeling and empirical observations. Reference noise level data are used to estimate the Project
operational noise impacts from stationary sources. Noise levels are collected from field noise
measurements and other published sources from similar types of activities are used to estimate noise
levels expected with the Project’s stationary sources. The reference noise levels are used to represent a
worst-case noise environment as noise level from stationary sources can vary throughout the day.
Operational noise is evaluated based on the standards within the City’s Noise Ordinance and General Plan.
The Without Project and With Project traffic noise levels in the Project vicinity were calculated using the
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108).
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Vibration
Groundborne vibration levels associated with construction-related activities for the Project were
evaluated utilizing typical groundborne vibration levels associated with construction equipment, obtained
from FTA published data for construction equipment. Potential groundborne vibration impacts related to
building/structure damage and interference with sensitive existing operations were evaluated,
considering the distance from construction activities to nearby land uses and typically applied criteria.
For a building that is constructed with reinforced concrete with no plaster, the FTA guidelines show that
a vibration level of up to 0.20 in/sec is considered safe and would not result in any vibration damage.
Human annoyance is evaluated in vibration decibels (VdB) (the vibration velocity level in decibel scale)
and occurs when construction vibration rises significantly above the threshold of human perception for
extended periods of time. The FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (FTA, 2018)
(FTA Noise and Vibration Manual) identifies 80 VdB as the threshold for buildings where people normally
sleep.
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6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
6.1 Acoustical Impacts
Threshold 6.1 Would the Project generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient
noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local
general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Construction
Construction noise typically occurs intermittently and varies depending on the nature or phase of
construction (e.g., land clearing, grading, excavation, paving). Noise generated by construction
equipment, including earth movers, material handlers, and portable generators, can reach high levels.
During construction, exterior noise levels could affect the residential neighborhoods surrounding the
construction site. The nearest sensitive receptors to the Project construction area are existing residential
uses located approximately 325 feet to the west of the Project site’s acoustic center. Following FTA
methodology, when calculating construction noise, all equipment is assumed to operate at the center of
the Project because equipment would operate throughout the Project site and not at a fixed location for
extended periods of time.
Construction activities would include site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and
architectural coating. Such activities would require dozers and tractors during site preparation;
excavators, graders, and dozers during grading; cranes, forklifts, generators, tractors, and welders during
building construction; pavers, rollers, mixers, and paving equipment during paving; and air compressors
during architectural coating. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may
involve 1 or 2 minutes of full power operation followed by 3 to 4 minutes at lower power settings. Other
primary sources of acoustical disturbance would be random incidents, which would last less than one
minute (such as dropping large pieces of equipment or the hydraulic movement of machinery lifts). Noise
generated by construction equipment, including earth movers, material handlers, and portable
generators, can reach high levels. Typical noise levels associated with individual construction equipment
are listed in Table 6: Typical Construction Noise Levels.
The City’s Municipal Code does not establish quantitative construction noise standards. Instead, the
Municipal Code establishes limited hours of construction activities. Municipal Code Section 18-63 states
that construction activities may only take place between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays
and between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays, except in the case of urgent necessity or
otherwise approved by the City of Fontana. However, this analysis conservatively uses the FTA’s threshold
of 80 dBA (8-hour Leq) for residential uses to evaluate construction noise impacts.4 The noise levels
calculated in Table 7: Project Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receptor, show estimated exterior
construction noise levels at the nearest sensitive uses (residences located approximately 325 to the north
of the Project site’s acoustic center) without accounting for attenuation from physical barriers or
topography.
4 Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, Table 7-2, Page 179, September
2018.
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Table 6: Typical Construction Noise Levels
Equipment Typical Noise Level (dBA) at 50 feet from Source
Air Compressor 81
Backhoe 80
Compactor 82
Concrete Mixer 85
Concrete Pump 82
Concrete Vibrator 76
Crane, Derrick 88
Crane, Mobile 83
Dozer 85
Generator 81
Grader 85
Impact Wrench 85
Jack Hammer 88
Loader 85
Paver 89
Pneumatic Tool 85
Pump 76
Roller 74
Saw 76
Scraper 89
Shovel 82
Truck 88
Note:
1. Calculated using the inverse square law formula for sound attenuation: dBA2 = dBA1+20Log(d1/d2)
Where: dBA2 = estimated noise level at receptor; dBA1 = reference noise level; d1 = reference distance; d2 = receptor location
distance
Source: Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, September 2018.
Table 7: Project Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receptor
Construction Phase
Modeled Exterior
Construction Noise Level
(dBA Leq)
Noise Threshold
(dBA Leq) Exceed Threshold?
Site Preparation 73.3 80 No
Grading 68.7 80 No
Building Construction 67.7 80 No
Paving 63.7 80 No
Architectural Coating 61.4 80 No
Note: Equipment distributed evenly between the center of the construction site and the nearest sensitive receptor.
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Roadway Construction Noise Model, 2006. Refer to Appendix A for noise modeling results.
Table 7 depicts a worst-case scenario for each phase of construction, with all equipment operating
simultaneously while located as close to the nearest sensitive receptor as possible. However, during
construction, equipment would operate throughout the Project site and the associated noise levels would
not occur at a fixed location for extended periods of time. As indicated in Table 7, Project construction
noise levels would not exceed the FTA’s 80 dBA threshold at the nearest residential uses.
In addition, compliance with the Municipal Code would further minimize impacts from construction noise,
as construction would be limited to daytime hours on weekdays and Saturdays. Therefore, because
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Project construction noise levels would not exceed FTA noise standards and construction activities would
be required to comply with Municipal Code provisions, noise impacts would be less than significant noise
impact in this regard.
Operations
Implementation of the proposed Project would create new sources of noise in the Project vicinity. The
major noise sources associated with the Project that would potentially impact existing nearby residences
include stationary noise equipment (i.e., trash compactors, air conditioners, etc.); parking areas (i.e., car
door slamming, car radios, engine start-up, and car pass-by); and off-site traffic noise.
Mechanical Equipment
The nearest sensitive receptors to the Project site are the single-family residences located 30 feet east
and west of the Project site. Potential stationary noise sources related to long-term operation of the
Project would include mechanical equipment. Mechanical equipment (e.g., heating ventilation and air
conditioning [HVAC] equipment) typically generates noise levels of approximately 52 dBA at 50 feet.5
Based on Project site plans, the nearest potential location for a HVAC unit would be located approximately
70 feet from the nearest residential property. At this distance, HVAC noise levels would attenuate by the
distance to approximately 49.10 dBA, which is below the City’s 65 dBA noise standard for residential uses.
Additionally, standard construction practices, such as wall assemblies and windows, would result in an
exterior-interior noise level reduction of approximately 25 dBA.6 As such, interior HVAC noise levels would
be approximately 24.08 dBA, which is below the City’s 45 dBA interior noise standard for residential uses.
Operation of mechanical equipment would not increase ambient noise levels beyond the acceptable
compatible land use noise levels. Further, it is noted that noise from stationary sources at the Project site
would primarily occur during the daytime activity hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Therefore, the
proposed Project would result in a less than significant impact related to stationary noise levels.
Parking Noise
The Project would provide 400 parking stalls (see Section 1.2, Project Description). Parking spaces would
be a combination of ground-floor garage spaces for each unit, and open parking spaces throughout the
Project site. Nominal parking noise would occur within the on-site parking facilities. Traffic associated with
parking lots is typically not of sufficient volume to exceed community noise standards, which are based
on a time-averaged scale such as the CNEL scale. The instantaneous maximum sound levels generated by
a car door slamming, engine starting up, and car pass-bys range from 53 to 61 dBA7 and may be an
annoyance to adjacent noise-sensitive receptors. It should be noted that parking lot noises are
instantaneous noise levels compared to noise standards in the hourly Leq or 24-hour CNEL metrics, which
are averaged over the entire duration of a time period.
Additionally, parking noise also occurs at the adjacent properties surrounding the site under existing
conditions. Parking and driveway noise would be consistent with existing noise in the vicinity and would
be partially masked by background traffic noise from motor vehicles traveling along SR-210 to the south
5 Elliott H. Berger, Rick Neitzel, and Cynthia A. Kladden, Noise Navigator Sound Level Database with Over 1700 Measurement
Values, 2015.
6 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Protective Noise Levels (EPA 550/9-79-100), November 1979.
7 Kariel, H. G., Noise in Rural Recreational Environments, Canadian Acoustics 19(5), 3-10, 1991.
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and Sierra Lakes Avenue to the north. Actual noise levels over time resulting from parking activities will
be far below the City’s noise standards. Therefore, noise impacts associated with parking would be less
than significant.
Off-Site Traffic Noise
Implementation of the Project would generate increased traffic volumes along nearby roadway segments.
Using the trip rates from the Trip Generation and VMT Screening Memorandum for the Proposed Citrus
East Residential Project in the City of Fontana (Kimley-Horn, 2021) (Traffic Impact Study), the proposed
Project would generate approximately 1,047 daily trips which would result in noise increases on Project
area roadways. In general, a traffic noise increase of less than 3 dBA is barely perceptible to people, while
a 5-dBA increase is readily noticeable.8 Generally, traffic volumes on Project area roadways would have
to approximately double for the resulting traffic noise levels to increase by 3 dBA. Therefore, permanent
increases in ambient noise levels of less than 3 dBA are considered to be less than significant.
Traffic noise levels for roadways primarily affected by the Project were calculated using the FHWA’s
Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108). Traffic noise modeling was conducted for conditions
with and without the Project, based on traffic volumes from the Traffic Impact Study. As indicated in Table
8: Existing Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels, Existing Conditions Plus Project traffic-generated noise levels
on Project area roadways would range between 54.9 dBA CNEL and 61.2 dBA CNEL at 100 feet from the
centerline, and the Project would result in a maximum increase of 1.3 dBA CNEL along Lytle Creek Road.
As such, the Project would result in an increase of less than 3.0 dBA CNEL for the roadway segments
analyzed and traffic noise impacts from off-site traffic would be less than significant.
Table 8: Existing Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment
Existing
Conditions
Existing Conditions
Plus Project Project
Change from
No Build
Conditions
Significant
Impact? ADT1 dBA
CNEL2 ADT dBA
CNEL2
Sierra Lakes Parkway
Lyte Creek Road to Maloof Avenue 16,000 60.9 17,047 61.2 0.3 No
Lyte Creek Road
South of Sierra Lakes Parkway 3,000 53.6 4,047 54.9 1.3 No
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
Notes:
1. Traffic data obtained from the Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report, 2018.
2. Traffic noise levels are at 100 feet from the roadway centerline. Noise levels modeled using the FHWA-RD-77-108 Highway
Traffic Noise Prediction Model; see Appendix A for traffic noise modeling results.
The Horizon Year “2040 Without Project” and “2040 Plus Project” scenarios were also compared. As
shown in Table 9: Horizon Year and Horizon Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels, roadway noise levels
would range between 54.9 dBA CNEL and 61.4 dBA CNEL at 100 feet from the centerline, and the Project
would result in a maximum increase of 1.3 dBA CNEL. As such, the Project would result in an increase of
8 Federal Highway Administration, Highway Traffic Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy and Guidance, Noise Fundamentals,
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environMent/noise/regulations_and_guidance/polguide/polguide02.cfm, accessed November 2,
2021.
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less than 3.0 dBA CNEL for the roadway segments analyzed and traffic noise. Noise impacts from off-site
traffic would be less than significant in this regard.
Table 9: Horizon Year and Horizon Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment
Horizon Year
(2040)
Horizon Year (2040)
Plus Project Project
Change from
No Build
Conditions
Significant
Impact? ADT1 dBA
CNEL2 ADT dBA
CNEL2
Sierra Lakes Parkway
Lyte Creek Road to Maloof Avenue 17,000 61.1 18,047 61.4 0.3 No
Lyte Creek Road
South of Sierra Lakes Parkway 3,000 53.6 4,047 54.9 1.3 No
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
Notes:
1. Traffic data obtained from the Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report, 2018.
2. Traffic noise levels are at 100 feet from the roadway centerline. Noise levels modeled using the FHWA-RD-77-108 Highway
Traffic Noise Prediction Model; see Appendix A for traffic noise modeling results.
On-Site Traffic Noise
A noise impact analysis has been completed to determine the noise exposure levels that would result
from off-site transportation noise sources, and to identify potential noise reduction measures that would
achieve acceptable exterior and interior noise levels. The primary source of traffic noise affecting the
Project site is from SR-210. This analysis addresses on-site exterior and interior noise levels at proposed
residential receptors.
The California Supreme Court in a December 2015 opinion (California Building Industry Association v. Bay
Area Air Quality Management District, 62 Cal. 4th 369 [No. S 213478]) confirmed that CEQA, with several
specific exceptions, is concerned with the impacts of a project on the environment, not the effects the
existing environment may have on a project. Therefore, this section is not required under CEQA and is
included for informational purposes only. The evaluation of the significance of project impacts in the
following discussion is provided to ensure compliance with City and State Building Code noise standards.
Predicted On-Site Traffic Noise
Traffic volumes along SR-210 were obtained from the Caltrans Traffic Census Program.9 Truck ADT and
fleet mix data was also obtained from the Caltrans Traffic Census. Roadways and receivers were digitized
in the FHWA Traffic Noise Model, Version 2.5 (TNM 2.5) based on the Project site plan layout. The model
also accounted for the differences in elevation between the roadway and each receptor. Noise levels were
calculated at the exterior receptor locations for each of the proposed two stories with residential units.
Table 10: Unmitigated On-Site Traffic Noise Levels provides the results of the modeling and Exhibit 5:
Traffic Noise Receiver Locations (All Floors) depicts the location of the modeled noise receivers. As shown
in Table 10, unmitigated exterior noise levels on-site would range from 57.6 dBA CNEL to a maximum of
72.8 dBA CNEL at first floor receptors, and from 68.0 dBA CNEL to a maximum of 77.8 dBA CNEL at second
9 California Department of Transportation, Traffic Census Program, https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/census,
accessed November 2, 2021.
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floor receptors. Unmitigated interior noise levels on-site would range from 32.6 dBA CNEL to a maximum
of 47.8 dBA CNEL at first floor receptors, and from 43.0 dBA CNEL to a maximum of 52.8 dBA CNEL at
second floor receptors; see Table 10. Noise levels would be lower at the receivers further away from SR-
210. Proposed residential units would have outdoor (patio) space on the first floor that are exposed to
traffic noise from SR-210.
Table 10: Unmitigated On-Site Traffic Noise Levels
Receiver No. Exterior Noise Levels (dBA CNEL)1 Interior Noise Levels (dBA CNEL)2
First Floor Second Floor First Floor Second Floor
1 72.4 76.9 47.4 51.9
2 72.8 76.8 47.8 51.8
3 72.7 76.9 47.7 51.9
4 69.5 76.2 44.5 51.2
5 66.1 74.9 41.1 49.9
6 61.9 73.0 36.9 48.0
7 61.2 71.8 36.2 46.8
8 69.2 77.8 44.2 52.8
9 67.5 74.8 42.5 49.8
10 67.3 70.3 42.3 45.3
11 67.0 71.8 42.0 46.8
12 64.9 70.9 39.9 45.9
13 64.8 68.4 39.8 43.4
14 61.5 70.0 36.5 45.0
15 63.1 68.0 38.1 43.0
16 57.6 71.6 32.6 46.6
17 58.9 71.2 33.9 46.2
18 66.5 76.7 41.5 51.7
Notes:
1. Refer to Exhibit 5 for modeled receiver locations. Receivers in Bold text exceed applicable noise standards. TNM 2.5 input and output
files are provided in Appendix A.
2. A 25 dBA noise attenuation rate was utilized to determine the interior noise standards (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Protective Noise Levels (EPA 550/9-79-100), November 1979). Each of the receivers in the table would be required to use mechanical
ventilation to ensure a “closed window” condition is satisfied.
As indicated in Table 10, unmitigated on-site traffic noise levels from SR-210 would exceed the City’s 65
dBA CNEL exterior noise standard at the outdoor patio areas of 11 of the 18 modeled receivers on the first
floor and at all receivers on the second floor. In addition, the City’s 45 dBA CNEL noise standard would be
exceeded at 3 of the 18 modeled receivers on the first floor, and at 15 of the 18 modeled receivers on the
second floor assuming an exterior-interior sound reduction of 25 dBA from standard construction
practices. The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) employs noise/land use compatibility
standards in Appendix D: Noise Element Guidelines of the State of California General Plan Guidelines (OPR,
2017) (OPR Guidelines) that establishes a conditionally acceptable noise standard of 70 dBA CNEL for
multi-family residential uses (noise levels over 70 dBA CNEL are considered normally unacceptable and
new development is discouraged). For new multi-family residential projects located in areas with
conditionally acceptable noise levels, the OPR Guidelines state that “New construction or development
should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements is made and
needed noise insulation features included in the design. Conventional construction, but with windows
closed and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning will normally suffice.” Thus, noise reduction
measures are recommended to reduce on-site traffic noise levels from SR-210 at the Project site to comply
with the conditionally acceptable land use compatibility standard in the OPR Guidelines.
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Exhibit 5: Traffic Noise Receiver Locations (All Floors)
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Architectural Project Conditions/Techniques
Based on the TNM 2.5 modeling results, 10 modeled receivers at the Project site (Receivers 1 through 5,
8 through 11, and 18) would require noise abatement to reduce exterior noise levels at the first floor
outdoor residential patio areas in compliance with the conditionally acceptable noise standard of 70 dBA
CNEL; 3 modeled receivers on the first floor would require noise abatement to reduce interior noise levels
to meet the 45 dBA CNEL noise standard; all 18 receivers would require noise abatement for exterior noise
levels on the second floor; and 15 receivers on the second floor would require noise abatement to reduce
interior noise levels below 45 dBA CNEL. Recommendations would include the use of an 8-foot-high
masonry wall, upgraded windows, balcony treatments, and including HVAC systems at each residence.
Perimeter Concrete Masonry Wall
In order to reduce traffic noise at the outdoor patio areas of on-site residential units, an 8-foot-high
perimeter wall along the southern boundary, and a 6-foot-high perimeter wall along the northern,
eastern, and western boundary is recommended in accordance with Recommendation 1 (REC-1); the
approximate wall locations are depicted in Exhibit 5. Acceptable materials for the construction of the walls
shall have a weight of 2.5 pounds per square foot of surface area. The barriers may be composed of the
following: masonry block, stucco veneer over wood framing (or foam core), glass, Plexiglass or Lexan (1/4-
inch thick) and may be constructed out of a combination of the above listed materials. Table 11: Mitigated
On-Site Traffic Noise Levels, shows the on-site traffic noise levels with implementation of the
recommended perimeter walls.
Table 11: Mitigated On-Site Traffic Noise Levels
Receiver No. Exterior Noise Levels (dBA CNEL)1 Interior Noise Levels (dBA CNEL)2
First Floor Second Floor First Floor Second Floor
1 67.5 76.9 42.5 51.9
2 66.8 76.9 41.8 51.9
3 67.8 76.9 42.8 51.9
4 69.4 76.3 44.4 51.3
5 66.1 74.9 41.1 49.9
6 61.9 73.0 36.9 48.0
7 61.2 71.8 36.2 46.8
8 69.0 77.8 44.0 52.8
9 66.8 74.8 41.8 49.8
10 62.5 70.3 37.5 45.3
11 62.0 71.8 37.0 46.8
12 64.8 70.9 39.8 45.9
13 64.8 68.4 39.8 43.4
14 61.5 70.0 36.5 45.0
15 63.1 68.0 38.1 43.0
16 57.6 71.6 32.6 46.6
17 58.9 71.2 33.9 46.2
18 66.5 76.7 41.5 51.7
Notes:
1.Refer to Exhibit 5 for modeled receiver locations. Receivers in Bold text exceed applicable noise standards. TNM 2.5 input and output
files are provided in Appendix A.
2.A 25 dBA noise attenuation rate was utilized to determine the interior noise standards (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Protective Noise Levels (EPA 550/9-79-100), November 1979). Each of the receivers in the table would be required to use mechanical
ventilation to ensure a “closed window” condition is satisfied.
City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project
Acoustical Assessment
February 2022
Page | 28
As indicated in Table 11, exterior noise levels at the first-floor outdoor patio areas would range from 57.6
dBA CNEL to 69.4 dBA CNEL with the recommended perimeter walls and would be below the OPR
Guideline’s conditionally acceptable compatibility standard of 70 dBA CNEL. Interior noise levels at the
first-floor receivers would range from 32.6 dBA CNEL to 44.4 dBA CNEL with the recommended perimeter
walls and would not exceed the interior noise standard of 45 dBA CNEL. However, exterior noise levels at
16 of the 18 receivers on the second floor would exceed the conditionally acceptable noise compatibility
standard of 70 dBA CNEL, and interior noise levels at 15 of the 18 modeled receivers on the second floor
would exceed the 45 dBA CNEL interior noise standard; see Table 11. Due to the elevation difference
between the building and SR-210, the perimeter walls would not be effective for upper story receivers.
Thus, additional noise abatement and attenuation features are needed.
Window Treatments
Although sound insulation varies with frequency and is very different for various types of partitions, it is
convenient to compare the effectiveness of two partitions using a method of rating insulation that can be
represented by a single number. In North America, the most commonly used single number rating is the
Sound Transmission Class (STC). A STC rating of 0 indicates that a partition provides no airborne sound
insulation.
Typical values of sound insulation ratings provided by various types of window constructions are
presented in Table 12: Sound Transmission Class for Windows. For high sound insulation, the purchase of
commercially available windows that have been rated by a recognized testing laboratory provides better
performance for a given cost than individually designed units. To obtain a sound transmission class rating
above 45, it is necessary to select acoustical windows with specially designed frames, and glass mounting
is recommended.
Table 12: Sound Transmission Class for Windows
STC1 Single Glazed
Glass Thickness
Dual Glazed Glass (Airspace Between Glass)
Inches (mm)
Sealed
Window
Operable
Window Inches (mm) Both 1/8-Inch
(3-mm) Glass
Both 1/4-Inch
(6-mm) Glass
1/4-Inch (6-mm) Laminated
9/32-Inch (7-mm) Glass
30 27 1/8 (3), 5/32 (4) 1/4 (6) NA NA
32 29 1/4 (6) 3/8 (10) NA NA
34 31 1/4 (6) L2 3/4 (20) 5/16 (8) NA
36 32 1/2 (12) 1-1/4 (30) 1/2 (13) NA
38 34 1/2 (12) L2 2 (50) 3/4 (20) 3/8 (10)
40 36 NA 2-3/4 (70) 1-1/4 (30) 5/8 (16)
42 37 NA 4 (100) 2 (50) 1 (25)
44 39 NA 6 (150) 3-1/4 (80) 1-1/2 (40)
46 41 NA NA 4-3/4 (120) 2-7/8 (60)
48 43 NA NA NA 4 (100)
mm = millimeter; NA = Not Applicable
Notes:
1. STC ratings assume that windows have effective weather stripping.
2. L denotes laminated glass. For example 1/4 (6) L is 1/4-inch (6 mm) thick laminated glass.
Source: Cyril M. Harris, Noise Control in Buildings – A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers, 1994.
City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project
Acoustical Assessment
February 2022
Page | 29
Transmission of sound through a hollow window-frame can significantly reduce the sound insulation,
especially for windows with very high STC. This reduction can be minimized by drilling one or more holes
in the hollow frame and pumping a mastic material to fill the hollow frame. The following is a listing of
various window types that are utilized on typical residential structures:
Single Glazing (Unlaminated). The sound insulation provided by single glazing improves with
increasing glass thickness. However, the increase is limited in the mid-frequency range by the
stiffness of the glass. As indicated in Table 12, a single, unlaminated layer of solid glass usually
does not provide an STC rating above 32 for a sealed window and 29 for an operable window.
Laminated Glass. aminated glass is two or more layers of glass bonded together by think plastic
interlayers. It can provide higher values of sound transmission class than solid glass of equal
thickness. This is because the sound insulation versus thickness of single sheets of glass exhibits a
dip at a frequency determined by the stiffness of the glass. The improvement in sound insulation
is primarily due to damping by the plastic interlayers that reduce the magnitude of the dip.
Dual Glazing. Dual glazing is two panes of glass with airspace between them. Dual glazing provides
greater sound insulation at high frequencies than single glazed laminated glass.
Table 12 compares typical vales of STC for sealed windows, with corresponding values for operable
windows, and for single-glazed windows of various thicknesses. These STC values increase with the
increasing thickness of glass. For glass of a given thickness, sealed windows provide greater sound
insulation than operable windows. The overall improvement provided by dual glazing depends on the
separation of the layers and glass thickness. For each doubling of the airspace, there is an increase in STC
rating of about 3. There is some advantage in using two panes of laminated glass, especially for glass
thicker than ¼ inch (6 mm).
As discussed above, interior noise levels experienced on the second floors at Receivers 1 through 12 and
16 through 18 would exceed the interior standard of 45 dBA CNEL with standard construction practices;
refer to Table 12. Therefore, it is recommended the Project include the STC ratings for windows and entry
doors identified in Exhibit 6: Recommended Window and Entry Door Treatments (Second Floor) to reduce
interior noise levels below 45 dBA CNEL, as provided in REC-2.
Balcony Treatments
In general, second floor receivers on the eastern, southern, and western facades of the motorcourt
buildings would be exposed to exterior noise levels exceeding the City’s conditionally acceptable noise
standard of 70 dBA CNEL for multi-family uses. Therefore, it is recommended that outward facing
balconies on the second floors of the motorcourt buildings incorporate noise attenuating balcony or patio
treatments to reduce exterior noise levels below the City’s 70 dBA CNEL standard, as recommended in
REC-3.
City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project
Acoustical Assessment
February 2022
Page | 30
Exhibit 6: Recommended Window and Entry Door Treatments (Second Floor)
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
In a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, the components that generate the most
sound power are the supply fan (in the air supply system) and the return fan (in the return air system). By
definition, a fan is a device for moving air, which utilizes a power-driven rotating impeller. A fan has at
least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening. The opening may or may not be provided with
connections to ductwork.
City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project
Acoustical Assessment
February 2022
Page | 31
If an HVAC system does not have good aerodynamic design and efficient operation of the various
components, the noise level of fan noise sources may increase in level. The airflow at the entrance and
exit of a fan should be as smooth as possible to minimize the generation of turbulence; turbulence results
in the generation of noise and an increased static pressure drop in the system. It is recommended that
the following measures would be implemented to reduce noise levels associated with HVAC equipment:
Fittings (such as elbows and transitions) should not be placed closer than 3 to 6 duct diameters
downstream from a fan;
For an HVAC system having a constant volume of airflow, operate the fans generally close to their
maximum efficiency;
For a variable-volume system, a variable-speed drive should be considered to maintain operating
efficiency for low volume;
Avoid any obstruction close to the fan inlet or fan outlet;
Provide a minimum space of 1.5 duct diameters at the fan inlet or fan outlet;
Consider the installation of bell-shaped inlet to provide better airflow conditions at the fan; and
Avoid offsets, abrupt or nonsymmetrical transitions, or offset flexible duct connectors in ductwork
since they will be source of turbulence and therefore noise sources.
These measures are required as part of REC-4 and REC-5.
Conclusion
Based on TNM 2.5 traffic noise modeling for future receivers at the Project site, the Project should include
an 8-foot-high perimeter wall along the southern boundary and a 6-foot-high perimeter wall along the
northern, eastern, and western boundary, and windows/entry doors with the minimum STC ratings
identified above in the “Window Treatments” section (and shown in Exhibit 6) to reduce interior noise
levels below the 45 dBA CNEL interior standard. In addition, each residence/dwelling unit should include
an HVAC system to allow for a closed windows condition, and balconies should be prohibited on the
second floor to avoid exposure to excessive noise levels for on-site residents.
Upon final site design and development of architectural schematic and building plans, the Project engineer
shall ensure that the building construction specifications for windows and entry doors include the STC-
rated windows and the perimeter walls identified above. The STC ratings for the Project shall be specified
upon final site design and shall be submitted to and approved by the City of Fontana prior to issuance of
building permits.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less than significant impact.
City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project
Acoustical Assessment
February 2022
Page | 32
Recommendations:
REC-1 The Project should include an 8-foot-high perimeter wall along the southern Project boundary,
and a 6-foot-high perimeter wall along the northern, eastern, and western Project boundary to
reduce exterior noise levels in outdoor residential areas. Acceptable materials for the
construction of the wall barriers shall have a weight of 2.5 pounds per square foot of surface area.
The barrier may be composed of the following: masonry block, stucco veneer over wood framing
(or foam core), glass, Plexiglass or Lexan (1/4-inch think) and may be constructed out of a
combination of the above listed materials. The final recommendations for design shall be
submitted and approved by the City of Fontana Community Development Director.
REC-2 After the final architectural drawings have been developed, and prior to the issuance of building
permits, the Project Applicant shall demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the City of Fontana
Community Development Director (or designee) that the applicable Project plans and
specifications include sound-rated windows and entry doors on the residential facades identified
in Exhibit 6.
REC-3 Prior to the issuance of building permits, the Project Applicant shall demonstrate, to the
satisfaction of the City of Fontana Building Official that the outward-facing balconies on the
eastern, southern, and western facades of second floor motorcourt units shall incorporate noise
attenuating balcony and/or patio treatments. Balconies more than 6 feet deep shall include a
barrier that is at least 42 inches high as measured from the floor. Acceptable materials for the
construction of the barrier shall have a weight of 2.5 pounds per square foot of surface area. The
barrier may be composed of the following: masonry block, stucco veneer over wood framing (or
foam core), glass, Plexiglass or Lexan (1/4-inch thin) and may be constructed out of a combination
of the above listed materials.
REC-4 The final site design should implement centralized heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning units
(HVAC) on all of the affected units to ensure noise levels will be below 45 dBA with the windows
and doors closed. Additionally, the mechanical ventilation units shall be designed to supply two
air changes per hour for each habitable room, with a minimum of 15 cubic feet per minute of
outside air per occupant. The fresh air inlet duct shall be of sound attenuating construction and
shall consist of ten feet of straight or curved ducts plus one sharp 90-degree bend.
REC-5 The Project Applicant shall include the following recommendations in the design of the HVAC
equipment:
Fittings (such as elbows and transitions) should not be placed closer than 3 to 6 duct
diameters downstream from a fan;
For an HVAC system having a constant volume of airflow, operate the fans generally close to
their maximum efficiency;
For a variable-volume system, a variable-speed drive should be considered to maintain
operating efficiency for low volume;
Avoid any obstruction close to the fan inlet or fan outlet;
Provide a minimum space of 1.5 duct diameters at the fan inlet or fan outlet;
Consider the installation of bell-shaped inlet to provide better airflow conditions at the fan;
and
City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project
Acoustical Assessment
February 2022
Page | 33
Avoid offsets, abrupt or nonsymmetrical transitions, or offset flexible duct connectors in
ductwork since they will be source of turbulence and therefore noise sources.
Threshold 6.2 Would the Project generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise
levels?
Increases in groundborne vibration levels attributable to the proposed Project would be primarily
associated with short-term construction-related activities. The FTA has published standard vibration
velocities for construction equipment operations in the FTA Noise and Vibration Manual. The types of
construction vibration impacts include human annoyance and building damage.
Building damage can be cosmetic or structural. Ordinary buildings that are not particularly fragile would
not experience cosmetic damage (e.g., plaster cracks) at distances beyond 30 feet. This distance can vary
substantially depending on soil composition and underground geological layer between vibration source
and receiver. In addition, not all buildings respond similarly to vibration generated by construction
equipment. For example, for a building that is constructed with reinforced concrete with no plaster, the
FTA guidelines show that a vibration level of up to 0.20 in/sec is considered safe and would not result in
any vibration damage. Human annoyance is evaluated in vibration decibels (VdB) (the vibration velocity
level in decibel scale) and occurs when construction vibration rises significantly above the threshold of
human perception for extended periods of time. The FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Manual identifies
80 VdB as the approximate threshold for annoyance.
The nearest sensitive receptors are the single-family residences located approximately 30 feet to the east
and west of the Project site. However, since construction activity would be intermittent and the use of
heavy construction equipment would be spread throughout the Project site and not concentrated at one
specific location for an extended period of time, it is assumed the concentration of construction activity
for the purposes of this vibration analysis would occur no closer than 50 feet from the nearest sensitive
receptors. Table 13: Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels, lists vibration levels at 25 and 50
feet for typical construction equipment. Groundborne vibration generated by construction equipment
spreads through the ground and diminishes in magnitude with increases in distance.
Table 13: Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels
Equipment
Peak Particle
Velocity at 25 Feet
(in/sec)
Peak Particle
Velocity at 50 Feet
(in/sec)
Approximate VdB
at 25 Feet
Approximate VdB
at 50 Feet
Large Bulldozer 0.089 0.032 87 78
Loaded Trucks 0.076 0.027 86 77
Jackhammer 0.035 0.012 79 70
Small Bulldozer/Tractors 0.003 0.001 58 49
Notes:
1.Calculated using the following formula: PPVequip = PPVref x (25/D)1.5, where: PPVequip = the peak particle velocity in in/sec of
the equipment adjusted for the distance; PPVref = the reference vibration level in in/sec from Table 7-4 of the Federal
Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018; D = the distance from the equipment
to the receiver.
2. Calculated using the following formula: Lv(D) = Lv(25 feet) - (30 x log10(D/25 feet)) per the FTA Transit Noise and Vibration
Impact Assessment Manual (2018).
Source: Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018.
City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project
Acoustical Assessment
February 2022
Page | 34
As indicated in Table 10, based on FTA data, vibration velocities from typical heavy construction
equipment operations that would be used during Project construction range from 0.001 to 0.032 in/sec
PPV at 50 feet from the source of activity, which is below the FTA’s 0.20 PPV threshold for building damage
and 80 VdB threshold for human annoyance. Therefore, vibration impacts associated with the Project
construction would be less than significant.
Once operational, the Project would not be a significant source of groundborne vibration. Groundborne
vibration surrounding the Project currently result from heavy-duty vehicular travel (e.g., refuse trucks,
heavy duty trucks, delivery trucks, and transit buses) on the nearby local roadways. Operations of the
proposed Project would include truck deliveries. Due to the rapid drop-off rate of ground-borne vibration
and the short duration of the associated events, vehicular traffic-induced ground-borne vibration is rarely
perceptible beyond the roadway right-of-way, and rarely results in vibration levels that cause damage to
buildings in the vicinity. According to the FTA’s Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, trucks
rarely create vibration levels that exceed 70 VdB (equivalent to 0.012 inches per second PPV) when they
are on roadways. Therefore, trucks operating at the Project site or along surrounding roadways would not
exceed FTA thresholds for building damage or annoyance. Impacts would be less than significant in this
regard.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less than significant impact.
Threshold 6.3 For a Project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan
or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or
public use airport, would the Project expose people residing or working in the Project
area to excessive noise levels?
The nearest airport to the Project site is the Ontario International Airport located approximately 8.34
miles to the southwest. Thus, the Project is not located within an airport land use plan or within two miles
of an airport and would not expose people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels.
No impact would occur in this regard.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: No impact.
City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project
Acoustical Assessment
February 2022
Page | 35
7 REFERENCES
1. California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis
Protocol, September 2013.
2. California Department of Transportation, Traffic Census Program,
https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/census, accessed November 2, 2021.
3. California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance
Manual, 2013.
4. City of Fontana, Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035,
https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/28271/Complete-Document---Approved-General-
Plan-Documents-11-13-2018, 2017.
5. City of Fontana, Draft Environmental Impact Report SCH #2005021054, page 2.0-1, 2006.
6. Elliott H. Berger, Rick Neitzel, and Cynthia A. Kladden, Noise Navigator Sound Level Database with
Over 1700 Measurement Values, 2015.
7. Federal Highway Administration, Highway Traffic Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy and
Guidance, Noise Fundamentals,
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environMent/noise/regulations_and_guidance/polguide/polguide02.cf
m, accessed November 2, 2021.
8. Federal Highway Administration, Roadway Construction Noise Model, 2006.
9. Federal Interagency Committee on Noise, Federal Agency Review of Selected Airport Noise Analysis
Issues, August 1992.
10. Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, Table 7-2,
Page 179, September 2018.
11. Kariel, H. G., Noise in Rural Recreational Environments, Canadian Acoustics 19(5), 3-10, 1991.
12. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Protective Noise Levels (EPA 550/9-79-100), November 1979.
Appendix A
NOISE DATA
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Sobrato Residential Development Project
Project Number: 195311005
Scenario:Existing
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
# Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Sierra Lakes Parkway Lyte Creek Road to Maloof Avenue 2 0 16,000 35 0 1.0% 0.1% 60.9 - 39 122 387
2 Lyte Creek Road South of Sierra Lakes Parkway 2 0 3,000 35 0 1.0% 0.1% 53.6 - - - 73
Page 1
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Sobrato Residential Development Project
Project Number: 195311005
Scenario:Existing Plus Project
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
# Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Sierra Lakes Parkway Lyte Creek Road to Maloof Avenue 2 0 17,047 35 0 1.0% 0.1% 61.2 - 41 130 412
2 Lyte Creek Road South of Sierra Lakes Parkway 2 0 4,047 35 0 1.0% 0.1% 54.9 - - - 98
Page 2
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Sobrato Residential Development Project
Project Number: 195311005
Scenario:Opening Year
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
# Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Sierra Lakes Parkway Lyte Creek Road to Maloof Avenue 2 0 17,000 35 0 1.0% 0.1% 61.1 - 41 130 411
2 Lyte Creek Road South of Sierra Lakes Parkway 2 0 3,000 35 0 1.0% 0.1% 53.6 - - - 73
Page 3
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Sobrato Residential Development Project
Project Number: 195311005
Scenario:Opening Year Plus Project
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
# Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Sierra Lakes Parkway Lyte Creek Road to Maloof Avenue 2 0 18,047 35 0 1.0% 0.1% 61.4 - 44 138 436
2 Lyte Creek Road South of Sierra Lakes Parkway 2 0 4,047 35 0 1.0% 0.1% 54.9 - - - 98
Page 4
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:195311005
Site No.: Date:10/7/2021
Analyst: Time:8:37 - 8:47 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
62.1 56.7 79.9 95.2
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):63
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Partly Cloudy
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:30.03
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:84%
Photo:
Sobrato
1
WeatherEquipment
Freeway, Cars
Melissa Thayer and Serena Lin
Ross Way & Lytle Creek
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name FONT.001.s Computer's File Name LxTse_-20211007 083718-FONT.001.ldbin
Meter LxT SE 0005586
Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2021-10-07 08:37:18 Duration 0:10:00.0
End Time 2021-10-07 08:47:18 Run Time 0:10:00.0 Pause Time 0:00:00.0
Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 62.1 dB
LAE 89.9 dB SEA --- dB
EA 108.7 µPa²h
LApeak 95.2 dB 2021-10-07 08:37:49
LASmax 79.9 dB 2021-10-07 08:37:50
LASmin 56.7 dB 2021-10-07 08:42:05
LAeq 62.1 dB
LCeq 72.0 dB LCeq - LA eq 9.9 dB
LAIeq 62.8 dB LAIeq - LAeq 0.7 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
62.1 dB 62.1 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
62.1 dB 62.1 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 62.1 dB 72.0 dB --- dB
Ls(max)79.9 dB 2021-10-07 08:37:50 --- dB --- dB
LS(min)56.7 dB 2021-10-07 08:42:05 --- dB --- dB
LPeak(max)95.2 dB 2021-10-07 08:37:49 --- dB --- dB
Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 62.5 dB
LAS 10.0 62.0 dB
LAS 33.3 60.7 dB
LAS 50.0 60.0 dB
LAS 66.6 59.3 dB
LAS 90.0 58.3 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:195311005
Site No.: Date:10/7/2021
Analyst: Time:8:51 - 9:01 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
62.8 52.3 82.0 97.1
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):63
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Partly Cloudy
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:30.03
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:84%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Sobrato
2
Melissa Thayer and Serena Lin
Jocelyn & Lytle Creek
Cars
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name FONT.002.s Computer's File Name LxTse_-20211007 085115-FONT.002.ldbin
Meter LxT SE 0005586
Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2021-10-07 08:51:15 Duration 0:10:00.0
End Time 2021-10-07 09:01:15 Run Time 0:10:00.0 Pause Time 0:00:00.0
Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 62.8 dB
LAE 90.6 dB SEA --- dB
EA 128.5 µPa²h
LApeak 97.1 dB 2021-10-07 08:53:27
LASmax 82.0 dB 2021-10-07 08:53:27
LASmin 52.3 dB 2021-10-07 08:55:50
LAeq 62.8 dB
LCeq 67.6 dB LCeq - LA eq 4.7 dB
LAIeq 65.3 dB LAIeq - LAeq 2.4 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
62.8 dB 62.8 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
62.8 dB 62.8 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 62.8 dB 67.6 dB --- dB
Ls(max)82.0 dB 2021-10-07 08:53:27 --- dB --- dB
LS(min)52.3 dB 2021-10-07 08:55:50 --- dB --- dB
LPeak(max)97.1 dB 2021-10-07 08:53:27 --- dB --- dB
Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 69.3 dB
LAS 10.0 65.4 dB
LAS 33.3 56.3 dB
LAS 50.0 54.9 dB
LAS 66.6 54.1 dB
LAS 90.0 53.2 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:195311005
Site No.: Date:10/7/2021
Analyst: Time:9:06 - 9:16 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
71.6 58.9 84.5 100.5
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):63
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Partly Cloudy
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:30.03
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:84%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Sobrato
3
Melissa Thayer and Serena Lin
Side of Sierra Lakes Pkwy
Cars, dogs
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name FONT.003.s Computer's File Name LxTse_-20211007 090655-FONT.003.ldbin
Meter LxT SE 0005586
Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2021-10-07 09:06:55 Duration 0:10:00.0
End Time 2021-10-07 09:16:55 Run Time 0:10:00.0 Pause Time 0:00:00.0
Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 71.6 dB
LAE 99.3 dB SEA --- dB
EA 955.8 µPa²h
LApeak 100.5 dB 2021-10-07 09:11:36
LASmax 84.5 dB 2021-10-07 09:11:46
LASmin 58.9 dB 2021-10-07 09:16:19
LAeq 71.6 dB
LCeq 73.3 dB LCeq - LA eq 1.7 dB
LAIeq 79.3 dB LAIeq - LAeq 7.7 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
71.6 dB 71.6 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
71.6 dB 71.6 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 71.6 dB 73.3 dB --- dB
Ls(max)84.5 dB 2021-10-07 09:11:46 --- dB --- dB
LS(min)58.9 dB 2021-10-07 09:16:19 --- dB --- dB
LPeak(max)100.5 dB 2021-10-07 09:11:36 --- dB --- dB
Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 78.8 dB
LAS 10.0 75.5 dB
LAS 33.3 68.2 dB
LAS 50.0 63.6 dB
LAS 66.6 62.0 dB
LAS 90.0 60.5 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:195311005
Site No.: Date:10/7/2021
Analyst: Time:9:20 - 9:30 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
70.6 66.0 74.1 88.7
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):63
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Partly Cloudy
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:30.03
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:84%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Sobrato
4
Melissa Thayer and Serena Lin
Cul-de-sac at the southern end of Maloof Avenue
Cars, dogs
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name FONT.004.s Computer's File Name LxTse_-20211007 092010-FONT.004.ldbin
Meter LxT SE 0005586
Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2021-10-07 09:20:10 Duration 0:10:00.0
End Time 2021-10-07 09:30:10 Run Time 0:10:00.0 Pause Time 0:00:00.0
Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 70.6 dB
LAE 98.4 dB SEA --- dB
EA 760.1 µPa²h
LApeak 88.7 dB 2021-10-07 09:23:08
LASmax 74.1 dB 2021-10-07 09:21:31
LASmin 66.0 dB 2021-10-07 09:30:01
LAeq 70.6 dB
LCeq 76.1 dB LCeq - LA eq 5.5 dB
LAIeq 71.2 dB LAIeq - LAeq 0.6 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
70.6 dB 70.6 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
70.6 dB 70.6 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 70.6 dB 76.1 dB --- dB
Ls(max)74.1 dB 2021-10-07 09:21:31 --- dB --- dB
LS(min)66.0 dB 2021-10-07 09:30:01 --- dB --- dB
LPeak(max)88.7 dB 2021-10-07 09:23:08 --- dB --- dB
Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 72.5 dB
LAS 10.0 72.1 dB
LAS 33.3 71.0 dB
LAS 50.0 70.4 dB
LAS 66.6 69.8 dB
LAS 90.0 68.4 dB
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 11/02/2021
Case Description: Architectural Coating
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential E Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Compressor (air) No 40 77.7 325.0 0.0
Compressor (air) No 40 77.7 325.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Compressor (air) 61.4 60.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Compressor (air) 61.4 60.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 61.4 63.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 11/01/2021
Case Description: Building Construction
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential E Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Crane No 16 80.6 325.0 0.0
Tractor No 40 84.0 325.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Crane 64.3 59.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tractor 67.7 66.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 67.7 67.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 11/01/2021
Case Description: Grading
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential E Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Dozer No 40 81.7 325.0 0.0
Grader No 40 85.0 325.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Dozer 65.4 64.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Grader 68.7 67.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 68.7 69.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 11/01/2021
Case Description: Paving
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential E Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Paver No 50 77.2 325.0 0.0
Roller No 20 80.0 325.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Paver 61.0 61.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roller 63.7 59.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 63.7 63.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 11/01/2021
Case Description: Site Preparation
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential E Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Dozer No 40 81.7 325.0 0.0
Concrete Saw No 20 89.6 325.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Dozer 65.4 64.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Concrete Saw 73.3 69.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 73.3 70.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Kimley-Horn 15-Feb-22
Elena Ajdari TNM 2.5
Calculated with TNM 2.5
RESULTS: SOUND LEVELS
PROJECT/CONTRACT: Fontana Sobrato
RUN: Onsite Traffic Noise (First Floor) - UNMITIGATED
BARRIER DESIGN: Barrier Analysis 11 Average pavement type shall be used unless
a State highway agency substantiates the use
ATMOSPHERICS: 68 deg F, 50% RH of a different type with approval of FHWA.
Receiver
Name No. #DUs Existing No Barrier With Barrier
Lden Lden Increase over existing Type Calculated Noise Reduction
Calculated Crit'n Calculated Crit'n Impact Lden Calculated Goal Calculated
Sub'l Inc minus
Goal
dBA dBA dBA dB dB dBA dB dB dB
1 2 1 0 72.8 66 72.8 10 Snd Lvl 72.4 0.4 8 -7.6
2 3 1 0 72.8 66 72.8 10 Snd Lvl 72.8 0 8 -8
3 4 1 0 72.9 66 72.9 10 Snd Lvl 72.7 0.2 8 -7.8
4 6 1 0 72.7 66 72.7 10 Snd Lvl 69.5 3.2 8 -4.8
5 7 1 0 71.7 66 71.7 10 Snd Lvl 66.1 5.6 8 -2.4
6 8 1 0 69.8 66 69.8 10 Snd Lvl 61.9 7.9 8 -0.1
7 9 1 0 69.2 66 69.2 10 Snd Lvl 61.2 8 8 0
8 10 1 0 73.6 66 73.6 10 Snd Lvl 69.2 4.4 8 -3.6
9 11 1 0 73.2 66 73.2 10 Snd Lvl 67.5 5.7 8 -2.3
10 12 1 0 71.8 66 71.8 10 Snd Lvl 67.3 4.5 8 -3.5
11 13 1 0 71.4 66 71.4 10 Snd Lvl 67 4.4 8 -3.6
12 14 1 0 65.2 66 65.2 10 ---- 64.9 0.3 8 -7.7
13 15 1 0 64.9 66 64.9 10 ---- 64.8 0.1 8 -7.9
14 16 1 0 65.4 66 65.4 10 ---- 61.5 3.9 8 -4.1
15 17 1 0 63.4 66 63.4 10 ---- 63.1 0.3 8 -7.7
16 18 1 0 66.7 66 66.7 10 Snd Lvl 57.6 9.1 8 1.1
17 19 1 0 66.7 66 66.7 10 Snd Lvl 58.9 7.8 8 -0.2
18 20 1 0 73.4 66 73.4 10 Snd Lvl 66.5 6.9 8 -1.1
Dwelling Units # DUs Noise Reduction
Min Avg Max
dB dB dB
All Selected 18 0 4 9.1
All Impacted 14 0 4.9 9.1
All that meet NR Goal 1 9.1 9.1 9.1
Kimley-Horn 15-Feb-22
Elena Ajdari TNM 2.5
Calculated with TNM 2.5
RESULTS: SOUND LEVELS
PROJECT/CONTRACT: Fontana Sobrato
RUN: Onsite Traffic Noise (First Floor) - MITIGATED
BARRIER DESIGN: Barrier Analysis 11 Average pavement type shall be used unless
a State highway agency substantiates the use
ATMOSPHERICS: 68 deg F, 50% RH of a different type with approval of FHWA.
Receiver
Name No. #DUs Existing No Barrier With Barrier
Lden Lden Increase over existing Type Calculated Noise Reduction
Calculated Crit'n Calculated Crit'n Impact Lden Calculated Goal Calculated
Sub'l Inc minus
Goal
dBA dBA dBA dB dB dBA dB dB dB
1 2 1 0 72.8 66 72.8 10 Snd Lvl 67.5 5.3 8 -2.7
2 3 1 0 72.8 66 72.8 10 Snd Lvl 66.8 6 8 -2
3 4 1 0 72.9 66 72.9 10 Snd Lvl 67.8 5.1 8 -2.9
4 6 1 0 72.7 66 72.7 10 Snd Lvl 69.4 3.3 8 -4.7
5 7 1 0 71.7 66 71.7 10 Snd Lvl 66.1 5.6 8 -2.4
6 8 1 0 69.8 66 69.8 10 Snd Lvl 61.9 7.9 8 -0.1
7 9 1 0 69.2 66 69.2 10 Snd Lvl 61.2 8 8 0
8 10 1 0 73.6 66 73.6 10 Snd Lvl 69 4.6 8 -3.4
9 11 1 0 73.2 66 73.2 10 Snd Lvl 66.8 6.4 8 -1.6
10 12 1 0 71.8 66 71.8 10 Snd Lvl 62.5 9.3 8 1.3
11 13 1 0 71.4 66 71.4 10 Snd Lvl 62 9.4 8 1.4
12 14 1 0 65.2 66 65.2 10 ---- 64.8 0.4 8 -7.6
13 15 1 0 64.9 66 64.9 10 ---- 64.8 0.1 8 -7.9
14 16 1 0 65.4 66 65.4 10 ---- 61.5 3.9 8 -4.1
15 17 1 0 63.4 66 63.4 10 ---- 63.1 0.3 8 -7.7
16 18 1 0 66.7 66 66.7 10 Snd Lvl 57.6 9.1 8 1.1
17 19 1 0 66.7 66 66.7 10 Snd Lvl 58.9 7.8 8 -0.2
18 20 1 0 73.4 66 73.4 10 Snd Lvl 66.5 6.9 8 -1.1
Dwelling Units # DUs Noise Reduction
Min Avg Max
dB dB dB
All Selected 18 0.1 5.5 9.4
All Impacted 14 3.3 6.8 9.4
All that meet NR Goal 3 9.1 9.3 9.4
Kimley-Horn 15-Feb-22
Elena Ajdari TNM 2.5
Calculated with TNM 2.5
RESULTS: SOUND LEVELS
PROJECT/CONTRACT: Fontana Sobrato
RUN: Onsite Traffic Noise (2nd Floor) - UNMITIGATED
BARRIER DESIGN: Barrier Analysis 11 Average pavement type shall be used unless
a State highway agency substantiates the use
ATMOSPHERICS: 68 deg F, 50% RH of a different type with approval of FHWA.
Receiver
Name No. #DUs Existing No Barrier With Barrier
Lden Lden Increase over existing Type Calculated Noise Reduction
Calculated Crit'n Calculated Crit'n Impact Lden Calculated Goal Calculated
Sub'l Inc minus
Goal
dBA dBA dBA dB dB dBA dB dB dB
1 2 1 0 76.9 66 76.9 10 Snd Lvl 76.9 0 8 -8
2 3 1 0 76.8 66 76.8 10 Snd Lvl 76.8 0 8 -8
3 4 1 0 76.9 66 76.9 10 Snd Lvl 76.9 0 8 -8
4 6 1 0 76.9 66 76.9 10 Snd Lvl 76.2 0.7 8 -7.3
5 7 1 0 74.9 66 74.9 10 Snd Lvl 74.9 0 8 -8
6 8 1 0 73 66 73 10 Snd Lvl 73 0 8 -8
7 9 1 0 72 66 72 10 Snd Lvl 71.8 0.2 8 -7.8
8 10 1 0 77.8 66 77.8 10 Snd Lvl 77.8 0 8 -8
9 11 1 0 75.7 66 75.7 10 Snd Lvl 74.8 0.9 8 -7.1
10 12 1 0 74.1 66 74.1 10 Snd Lvl 70.3 3.8 8 -4.2
11 13 1 0 73.4 66 73.4 10 Snd Lvl 71.8 1.6 8 -6.4
12 14 1 0 71 66 71 10 Snd Lvl 70.9 0.1 8 -7.9
13 15 1 0 68.4 66 68.4 10 Snd Lvl 68.4 0 8 -8
14 16 1 0 71.3 66 71.3 10 Snd Lvl 70 1.3 8 -6.7
15 17 1 0 68.1 66 68.1 10 Snd Lvl 68 0.1 8 -7.9
16 18 1 0 72.1 66 72.1 10 Snd Lvl 71.6 0.5 8 -7.5
17 19 1 0 72.4 66 72.4 10 Snd Lvl 71.2 1.2 8 -6.8
18 20 1 0 77.7 66 77.7 10 Snd Lvl 76.7 1 8 -7
Dwelling Units # DUs Noise Reduction
Min Avg Max
dB dB dB
All Selected 18 0 0.6 3.8
All Impacted 18 0 0.6 3.8
All that meet NR Goal 0 0 0 0
Kimley-Horn 15-Feb-22
Elena Ajdari TNM 2.5
Calculated with TNM 2.5
RESULTS: SOUND LEVELS
PROJECT/CONTRACT: Fontana Sobrato
RUN: Onsite Traffic Noise (2nd Floor) - MITIGATED
BARRIER DESIGN: Barrier Analysis 11 Average pavement type shall be used unless
a State highway agency substantiates the use
ATMOSPHERICS: 68 deg F, 50% RH of a different type with approval of FHWA.
Receiver
Name No. #DUs Existing No Barrier With Barrier
Lden Lden Increase over existing Type Calculated Noise Reduction
Calculated Crit'n Calculated Crit'n Impact Lden Calculated Goal Calculated
Sub'l Inc minus
Goal
dBA dBA dBA dB dB dBA dB dB dB
1 2 1 0 76.9 66 76.9 10 Snd Lvl 76.9 0 8 -8
2 3 1 0 76.8 66 76.8 10 Snd Lvl 76.9 -0.1 8 -8.1
3 4 1 0 76.9 66 76.9 10 Snd Lvl 76.9 0 8 -8
4 6 1 0 76.9 66 76.9 10 Snd Lvl 76.3 0.6 8 -7.4
5 7 1 0 74.9 66 74.9 10 Snd Lvl 74.9 0 8 -8
6 8 1 0 73 66 73 10 Snd Lvl 73 0 8 -8
7 9 1 0 72 66 72 10 Snd Lvl 71.8 0.2 8 -7.8
8 10 1 0 77.8 66 77.8 10 Snd Lvl 77.8 0 8 -8
9 11 1 0 75.7 66 75.7 10 Snd Lvl 74.8 0.9 8 -7.1
10 12 1 0 74.1 66 74.1 10 Snd Lvl 70.3 3.8 8 -4.2
11 13 1 0 73.4 66 73.4 10 Snd Lvl 71.8 1.6 8 -6.4
12 14 1 0 71 66 71 10 Snd Lvl 70.9 0.1 8 -7.9
13 15 1 0 68.4 66 68.4 10 Snd Lvl 68.4 0 8 -8
14 16 1 0 71.3 66 71.3 10 Snd Lvl 70 1.3 8 -6.7
15 17 1 0 68.1 66 68.1 10 Snd Lvl 68 0.1 8 -7.9
16 18 1 0 72.1 66 72.1 10 Snd Lvl 71.6 0.5 8 -7.5
17 19 1 0 72.4 66 72.4 10 Snd Lvl 71.2 1.2 8 -6.8
18 20 1 0 77.7 66 77.7 10 Snd Lvl 76.7 1 8 -7
Dwelling Units # DUs Noise Reduction
Min Avg Max
dB dB dB
All Selected 18 -0.1 0.6 3.8
All Impacted 18 -0.1 0.6 3.8
All that meet NR Goal 0 0 0 0