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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix B - Air QualityAPPENDIX B AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT Air Quality Assessment Sobrato Residential Development Project City of Fontana, California Prepared by: Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. 1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700 Orange, California 92868 Contact: Mr. Ryan Chiene 714.705.1343 December 2021 City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Location and Setting ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Description .................................................................................................................... 1 2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 2.1 Climate and Meterology ............................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Air Pollutants of Concern .......................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Sensitive Receptors ................................................................................................................... 9 3 REGULATORY SETTING 3.1 Federal ..................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2 State of California .................................................................................................................... 10 3.3 Regional ................................................................................................................................... 12 3.4 Local ......................................................................................................................................... 14 4 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 Air Quality Thresholds ............................................................................................................. 15 4.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 16 5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 5.1 Air Quality Analysis .................................................................................................................. 18 6 REFERENCES References ............................................................................................................................... 28 TABLES Table 1 Air Contaminants and Associated Public Health Concerns ....................................................... 7 Table 2 Ambient Air Quality Data .......................................................................................................... 9 Table 3 State and Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards .................................................................. 11 Table 4 South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status ................................................................................ 13 Table 5 South Coast Air Quality Management District Emissions Thresholds ..................................... 15 Table 6 Local Significance Thresholds for Construction/Operations ................................................... 16 Table 7 Construction-Related Emissions .............................................................................................. 20 Table 8 Operational Emissions ............................................................................................................. 21 Table 9 Equipment-Specific Grading Rates .......................................................................................... 23 Table 10 Localized Significance of Construction Emissions ................................................................... 23 Table 11 Localized Significance of Operational Emissions ..................................................................... 24 EXHIBITS Exhibit 1 Regional Vicinity ........................................................................................................................ 3 Exhibit 2 Site Vicinity ................................................................................................................................ 4 Exhibit 3 Conceptual Site Plan .................................................................................................................. 5 APPENDICES Appendix A: Air Quality Modeling Data City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | iii LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS AQMP air quality management plan AB Assembly Bill ADT average daily traffic CAPCOA California Air Pollution Control Officers Association CARB California Air Resources Board CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards CCAA California Clean Air Act CalEEMod California Emissions Estimator Model CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CO carbon monoxide cy cubic yards DPM diesel particulate matter EPA Environmental Protection Agency FCAA Federal Clean Air Act H2S hydrogen sulfide Pb lead LST local significance threshold µg/m3 micrograms per cubic meter mg/m3 milligrams per cubic meter NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NO2 nitrogen dioxide NOx nitrogen oxide O3 ozone PM10 particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter PM2.5 particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter ppm parts per million ROG reactive organic gases RTP/SCS Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy SB Senate Bill SRA source receptor area SCAB South Coast Air Basin SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SCAG Southern California Association of Governments sf square foot SO4-2 sulfates SO2 sulfur dioxide TAC toxic air contaminant C2H3Cl vinyl chloride VOC volatile organic compound City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 1 1 INTRODUCTION This report documents the results of an Air Quality Assessment completed for the Sobrato Residential Development Project (“Project” or “Proposed Project”). The purpose of this Air Quality Assessment is to evaluate the potential construction and operational emissions associated with the Project and determine the level of impact the Project would have on the environment. 1.1 Project Location and Setting The Project site is located south of Sierra Lakes Parkway and east of Lytle Creek Road in the northern area of the City of Fontana (City) in the County of San Bernardino (County). Exhibit 1: Regional Vicinity and Exhibit 2: Site Vicinity show the Project’s location within the overall City as well as the Project’s location within the surrounding community, respectively. The Project site is bordered by Lytle Creek Road to the west, Sierra Lakes Parkway to the north, Maloof Avenue to the east, and Highland Channel to the south. Regional access to the site would be via State Route 210 (SR-210) approximately 0.03-mile south of the Project site with the nearest exit/entrance ramp located approximately 0.6 miles southeast of the Project, at the SR-210’s intersection with Citrus Avenue. The Project would occupy approximately 10.3 acres within the City and includes the following 16 Assessor Parcel Numbers (APNs): 0226-162-08, -09 through -11, -13 through -21, -23, -25 through -26. The Project site is currently vacant with sparse vegetation. Per the Lytle Creek EIR, there was a dilapidated single- family structure on site which was removed in December 2004.1 The site is surrounded by vacant land and single-family residences to the north; single-family residences to the east; Highland Channel, SR-210, and single-family residences to the south; and single-family residences to the west. 1.2 Project Description The Project proposes a planned unit development (PUD) that includes two (2) residential products: cluster and motorcourt on the 10.3-acre site for a total of 143 units with the density of 13.8 dwelling units per acre (du/ac). The cluster development module would include 47 units consisting of 32 3-bedroom units and 15 4-bedroom units and the motorcourt development module would include 96 units consisting of 16 1-bedroom units, 32 2-bedroom units, and 48 3-bedroom units; see Exhibit 3: Conceptual Site Plan for further details. The Sobrato PUD would serve as the underlying standards and requirements and contain design and development standards, provisions, procedures, and permitted uses for the Project. Project Circulation Regional access to the Project site is provided via SR-210 approximately 0.03-mile south of the Project site with the nearest exit/entrance ramp located approximately 0.6-mile southeast of the Project, at the SR- 210’s intersection with Citrus Avenue. Local access to the Project site is provided via Lytle Creek Road, which is a collector street that trends in a north-south direction and Sierra Lakes Parkway, which is classified as a primary highway that trends in an east-west direction. 1 City of Fontana, Draft Environmental Impact Report SCH #2005021054, page 2.0-1, 2006. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 2 Project site main ingress and egress driveway would be provided via one 40-foot-wide driveway located on Lytle Creek Road. The driveway would connect the internal circulation directly to Lytle Creek Road and allow full access movement for vehicles and emergency vehicles. Parking The Project would be required to provide at least 384 parking stalls; however, the Project includes 400 parking stalls; see Exhibit 3. Project Phasing and Construction Project construction is anticipated to occur over a duration of approximately 12 months, commencing in December 2022. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 3 Exhibit 1: Regional Vicinity City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 4 Exhibit 2: Site Vicinity City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 5 Exhibit 3: Conceptual Site Plan City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 6 2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 2.1 Climate and Meteorology The California Air Resources Board (CARB) divides the State into 15 air basins that share similar meteorological and topographical features. The Project is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB), which includes the non-desert portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties, as well as all of Orange County. The SCAB is on a coastal plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills, bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the southwest and high mountains forming the remainder of the perimeter2. Air quality in this area is determined by such natural factors as topography, meteorology, and climate, in addition to the presence of existing air pollution sources and ambient conditions. These factors along with applicable regulations are discussed below. The SCAB is part of a semi-permanent high-pressure zone in the eastern Pacific. As a result, the climate is mild and tempered by cool sea breezes. This usually mild weather pattern is occasionally interrupted by periods of extreme heat, winter storms, and Santa Ana winds. The annual average temperature throughout the 6,645-square-mile SCAB ranges from low 60 to high 80 degrees Fahrenheit with little variance. With more oceanic influence, coastal areas show less variability in annual minimum and maximum temperatures than inland areas. Contrasting the steady pattern of temperature, rainfall is seasonally and annually highly variable. Almost all annual rainfall occurs between the months of November and April. Summer rainfall is reduced to widely scattered thundershowers near the coast, with slightly heavier activity in the east and over the mountains. Although the SCAB has a semiarid climate, the air closer to the Earth’s surface is typically moist because of the presence of a shallow marine layer. Except for occasional periods when dry, continental air is brought into the SCAB by offshore winds, the “ocean effect” is dominant. Periods of heavy fog are frequent and low clouds known as high fog are characteristic climatic features, especially along the coast. Annual average humidity is 70 percent at the coast and 57 percent in the eastern portions of the SCAB. Wind patterns across the SCAB are characterized by westerly or southwesterly on-shore winds during the day and easterly or northeasterly breezes at night. Wind speed is typically higher during the dry summer months than during the rainy winter. Between periods of wind, air stagnation may occur in both the morning and evening hours. Air stagnation is one of the critical determinants of air quality conditions on any given day. During winter and fall, surface high-pressure systems over the SCAB, combined with other meteorological conditions, result in very strong, downslope Santa Ana winds. These winds normally continue for a few days before predominant meteorological conditions are reestablished. The mountain ranges to the east affect the diffusion of pollutants by inhibiting the eastward transport of pollutants. Air quality in the SCAB generally ranges from fair to poor and is similar to air quality in most of coastal Southern California. The entire region experiences heavy concentrations of air pollutants during prolonged periods of stable atmospheric conditions. 2 South Coast Air Quality Management District, CEQA Air Quality Handbook, 1993. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 7 In addition to the characteristic wind patterns that affect the rate and orientation of horizontal pollutant transport, two distinct types of temperature inversions control the vertical depth through which air pollutants are mixed. These inversions are the marine inversion and the radiation inversion. The height of the base of the inversion at any given time is called the “mixing height.” The combination of winds and inversions is a critical determinant leading to highly degraded air quality for the SCAB in the summer and generally good air quality in the winter. 2.2 Air Pollutants of Concern The air pollutants emitted into the ambient air by stationary and mobile sources are regulated by state and federal laws. These regulated air pollutants are known as “criteria air pollutants” and are categorized into primary and secondary pollutants. Primary air pollutants are emitted directly from sources. Carbon monoxide (CO), reactive organic gases (ROG), nitrogen oxide (NOX), sulfur dioxide (SO2), coarse particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and lead are primary air pollutants. Of these, CO, NOX, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 are criteria pollutants. ROG and NOX are criteria pollutant precursors and form secondary criteria pollutants through chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. For example, the criteria pollutant ozone (O3) is formed by a chemical reaction between ROG and NOX in the presence of sunlight. O3 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the principal secondary pollutants. Sources and health effects commonly associated with criteria pollutants are summarized in Table 1: Air Contaminants and Associated Public Health Concerns. Table 1: Air Contaminants and Associated Public Health Concerns Pollutant Major Man-Made Sources Human Health Effects Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) Power plants, steel mills, chemical plants, unpaved roads and parking lots, wood- burning stoves and fireplaces, automobiles and others. Increased respiratory symptoms, such as irritation of the airways, coughing, or difficulty breathing; asthma; chronic bronchitis; irregular heartbeat; nonfatal heart attacks; and premature death in people with heart or lung disease. Impairs visibility. Ozone (O3) Formed by a chemical reaction between reactive organic gases/volatile organic compounds (ROG or VOC)1 and nitrogen oxides (NOX) in the presence of sunlight. Motor vehicle exhaust industrial emissions, gasoline storage and transport, solvents, paints and landfills. Irritates and causes inflammation of the mucous membranes and lung airways; causes wheezing, coughing, and pain when inhaling deeply; decreases lung capacity; aggravates lung and heart problems. Damages plants; reduces crop yield. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) A colorless gas formed when fuel containing sulfur is burned and when gasoline is extracted from oil. Examples are petroleum refineries, cement manufacturing, metal processing facilities, locomotives, and ships. Respiratory irritant. Aggravates lung and heart problems. In the presence of moisture and oxygen, sulfur dioxide converts to sulfuric acid which can damage marble, iron and steel. Damages crops and natural vegetation. Impairs visibility. Precursor to acid rain. Carbon Monoxide (CO) An odorless, colorless gas formed when carbon in fuel is not burned completely; a component of motor vehicle exhaust. Reduces the ability of blood to deliver oxygen to vital tissues, affecting the cardiovascular and nervous system. Impairs vision, causes dizziness, and can lead to unconsciousness or death. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) A reddish-brown gas formed during fuel combustion for motor vehicles and industrial sources. Sources include motor vehicles, electric utilities, and other sources that burn fuel. Respiratory irritant; aggravates lung and heart problems. Precursor to O3. Contributes to global warming and nutrient overloading which deteriorates water quality. Causes brown discoloration of the atmosphere. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 8 Table 1: Air Contaminants and Associated Public Health Concerns Pollutant Major Man-Made Sources Human Health Effects Lead (Pb) Lead is a metal found naturally in the environment as well as in manufactured products. The major sources of lead emissions have historically been motor vehicles (such as cars and trucks) and industrial sources. Due to the phase out of leaded gasoline, metals processing is the major source of lead emissions to the air today. The highest levels of lead in air are generally found near lead smelters. Other stationary sources are waste incinerators, utilities, and lead-acid battery manufacturers. Exposure to lead occurs mainly through inhalation of air and ingestion of lead in food, water, soil, or dust. It accumulates in the blood, bones, and soft tissues and can adversely affect the kidneys, liver, nervous system, and other organs. Excessive exposure to lead may cause neurological impairments such as seizures, mental retardation, and behavioral disorders. Even at low doses, lead exposure is associated with damage to the nervous systems of fetuses and young children, resulting in learning deficits and lowered IQ. 1. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs or Reactive Organic Gases [ROG]) are hydrocarbons/organic gases that are formed solely of hydrogen and carbon. There are several subsets of organic gases including ROGs and VOCs. Both ROGs and VOCs are emitted from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons or other carbon-based fuels. The major sources of hydrocarbons are combustion engine exhaust, oil refineries, and oil-fueled power plants; other common sources are petroleum fuels, solvents, dry cleaning solutions, and paint (via evaporation). Source: California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), Health Effects, http://www.capcoa.org/health-effects/, accessed November 2, 2021. Toxic Air Contaminants Toxic air contaminants (TACs) are airborne substances that can cause short-term (acute) or long-term (i.e. chronic, carcinogenic or cancer causing) adverse human health effects (i.e. injury or illness). TACs include both organic and inorganic chemical substances. They may be emitted from a variety of common sources including gasoline stations, automobiles, dry cleaners, industrial operations, and painting operations. The current California list of TACs includes more than 200 compounds, including particulate emissions from diesel-fueled engines. CARB identified diesel particulate matter (DPM) as a toxic air contaminant. DPM differs from other TACs in that it is not a single substance but rather a complex mixture of hundreds of substances. Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of particles and gases produced when an engine burns diesel fuel. DPM is a concern because it causes lung cancer; many compounds found in diesel exhaust are carcinogenic. DPM includes the particle-phase constituents in diesel exhaust. The chemical composition and particle sizes of DPM vary between different engine types (heavy-duty, light-duty), engine operating conditions (idle, accelerate, decelerate), fuel formulations (high/low sulfur fuel), and the year of the engine. Some short-term (acute) effects of diesel exhaust include eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation, and diesel exhaust can cause coughs, headaches, light-headedness, and nausea. DPM poses the greatest health risk among the TACs. Almost all diesel exhaust particle mass is 10 microns or less in diameter. Due to their extremely small size, these particles can be inhaled and eventually trapped in the bronchial and alveolar regions of the lung. Ambient Air Quality CARB monitors ambient air quality at approximately 250 air monitoring stations across the State. These stations usually measure pollutant concentrations ten feet above ground level; therefore, air quality is often referred to in terms of ground-level concentrations. Existing levels of ambient air quality, historical trends, and projections near the Project are documented by measurements made by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), the air pollution regulatory agency in the SCAB that maintains air quality monitoring stations which process ambient air quality measurements. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 9 Pollutants of concern in the SCAB include O3, PM10, and PM2.5. The closest air monitoring station to the Project that monitors ambient concentrations of these pollutants is the Fontana-Arrow Monitoring Station (located approximately 2.92 miles to the southwest). Local air quality data from 2018 to 2020 are provided in Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Data, which lists the monitored maximum concentrations and number of exceedances of state or federal air quality standards for each year. Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Data Criteria Pollutant 2018 2019 2020 Ozone (O3) 1 1-hour Maximum Concentration (ppm) 0.141 0.124 0.151 8-hour Maximum Concentration (ppm) 0.111 0.109 0.112 Number of Days Standard Exceeded CAAQS 1-hour (>0.09 ppm) 38 41 56 NAAQS 8-hour (>0.070 ppm) 69 67 89 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1 1-hour Maximum Concentration (ppm) 1.92 2.75 1.665 Number of Days Standard Exceeded NAAQS 1-hour (>35 ppm) 0 0 0 CAAQS 1-hour (>20 ppm) 0 0 0 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 1 1-hour Maximum Concentration (ppm) 0.063 0.076 0.066 Number of Days Standard Exceeded NAAQS 1-hour (>.100 ppm) 0 0 0 CAAQS 1-hour (>0.18 ppm) 0 0 0 Particulate Matter Less Than 10 Microns (PM10) 1 National 24-hour Maximum Concentration 64.1 88.8 76.8 State 24-hour Maximum Concentration 61.5 85.1 73.6 State Annual Average Concentration (CAAQS=20 µg/m3) — — - Number of Days Standard Exceeded NAAQS 24-hour (>150 µg/m3) 0 0 0 CAAQS 24-hour (>50 µg/m3) 8 11 6 Particulate Matter Less Than 2.5 Microns (PM2.5) 1 National 24-hour Maximum Concentration 29.2 81.3 57.6 State 24-hour Maximum Concentration 29.2 81.3 57.6 Number of Days Standard Exceeded NAAQS 24-hour (>35 µg/m3) 0 3 4 NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standards; CAAQS = California Ambient Air Quality Standards; ppm = parts per million; µg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter; – = not measured 1. Measurements taken at the Fontana-Arrow Monitoring Station at 14360 Arrow Boulevard, Fontana, California 92335 (CARB# 36197) Source: All pollutant measurements are from the CARB Aerometric Data Analysis and Management system database (https://www.arb.ca.gov/adam) except for CO, which were retrieved from the CARB Air Quality and Meteorological Information System (https://www.arb.ca.gov/qaweb/siteinfo.php). 2.3 Sensitive Receptors Sensitive populations are more susceptible to the effects of air pollution than is the general population. Sensitive receptors that are in proximity to localized sources of toxics are of particular concern. Land uses considered sensitive receptors include residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, long-term health care facilities, rehabilitation centers, convalescent centers, and retirement homes. The nearest sensitive land uses to the Project site include single-family residential uses located approximately 60 feet to the east and west, as well as single-family residential uses approximately 140 feet and 190 feet to the northwest and north of the site, respectively. There are also residences located approximately 520 feet south of the Project site, to the south of SR-210. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 10 3 REGULATORY SETTING 3.1 Federal Federal Clean Air Act Air quality is federally protected by the Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA) and its amendments. Under the FCAA, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the primary and secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the criteria air pollutants including O3, NO2, CO, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and lead. Proposed projects in or near nonattainment areas could be subject to more stringent air- permitting requirements. The FCAA requires each state to prepare a State Implementation Plan to demonstrate how it will attain the NAAQS within the federally imposed deadlines. The EPA can withhold certain transportation funds from states that fail to comply with the planning requirements of the FCAA. If a state fails to correct these planning deficiencies within two years of Federal notification, the EPA is required to develop a Federal implementation plan for the identified nonattainment area or areas. The provisions of 40 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 51 and 93 apply in all nonattainment and maintenance areas for transportation-related criteria pollutants for which the area is designated nonattainment or has a maintenance plan. The EPA has designated enforcement of air pollution control regulations to the individual states. Applicable federal standards are summarized in Table 3: State and Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards. 3.2 State of California California Air Resources Board CARB administers the air quality policy in California. The California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) were established in 1969 pursuant to the Mulford-Carrell Act. These standards, included with the NAAQS in Table 3, are generally more stringent and apply to more pollutants than the NAAQS. In addition to the criteria pollutants, CAAQS have been established for visibility reducing particulates, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfates. The California Clean Air Act (CCAA), which was approved in 1988, requires that each local air district prepare and maintain an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) to achieve compliance with CAAQS. These AQMPs also serve as the basis for the preparation of the State Implementation Plan for meeting federal clean air standards for the State of California. Like the EPA, CARB also designates areas within California as either attainment or nonattainment for each criteria pollutant based on whether the CAAQS have been achieved. Under the CCAA, areas are designated as nonattainment for a pollutant if air quality data shows that a state standard for the pollutant was violated at least once during the previous three calendar years. Exceedances that are affected by highly irregular or infrequent events such as wildfires, volcanoes, etc. are not considered violations of a state standard, and are not used as a basis for designating areas as nonattainment. The applicable State standards are summarized in Table 3. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 11 Table 3: State and Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Averaging Time State Standards1 Federal Standards2 Ozone (O3) 2, 5, 7 8 Hour 0.070 ppm (137 µg/m3) 0.070 ppm 1 Hour 0.09 ppm (180 µg/m3) NA Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 Hour 9.0 ppm (10 mg/m3) 9 ppm (10 mg/m3) 1 Hour 20 ppm (23 mg/m3) 35 ppm (40 mg/m3) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 1 Hour 0.18 ppm (339 µg/m3) 0.10 ppm11 Annual Arithmetic Mean 0.030 ppm (57 µg/m3) 0.053 ppm (100 µg/m3) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 8 24 Hour 0.04 ppm (105 µg/m3) 0.14 ppm (365 µg/m3) 1 Hour 0.25 ppm (655 µg/m3) 0.075 ppm (196 µg/m3) Annual Arithmetic Mean NA 0.03 ppm (80 µg/m3) Particulate Matter (PM10) 1, 3, 6 24-Hour 50 µg/m3 150 µg/m3 Annual Arithmetic Mean 20 µg/m3 NA Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 3, 4, 6, 9 24-Hour NA 35 µg/m3 Annual Arithmetic Mean 12 µg/m3 12 µg/m3 Sulfates (SO4-2) 24 Hour 25 µg/m3 NA Lead (Pb) 10, 11 30-Day Average 1.5 µg/m3 NA Calendar Quarter NA 1.5 µg/m3 Rolling 3-Month Average NA 0.15 µg/m3 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 1 Hour 0.03 ppm (0.42 µg/m3) NA Vinyl Chloride (C2H3CI) 10 24 Hour 0.01 ppm (26 µg/m3) NA Notes: ppm = parts per million; µg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter; mg/m3 = milligrams per cubic meter; – = no information available. 1. California standards for O3, carbon monoxide (except Lake Tahoe), sulfur dioxide (1-hour and 24-hour), nitrogen dioxide, suspended particulate matter - PM10, and visibility reducing particles are values that are not to be exceeded. The standards for sulfates, Lake Tahoe carbon monoxide, lead, hydrogen sulfide, and vinyl chloride are not to be equaled or exceeded. If the standard is for a 1-hour, 8-hour or 24-hour average (i.e. all standards except for lead and the PM10 annual standard), then some measurements may be excluded. Measurements are excluded that CARB determines would occur less than once per year on the average. The Lake Tahoe carbon monoxide standard is 6.0 ppm, a level one-half the national standard and two-thirds the State standard. 2. National standards shown are the "primary standards" designed to protect public health. National standards other than for O3, particulates and those based on annual averages are not to be exceeded more than once a year. The 1-hour O3 standard is attained if, during the most recent three-year period, the average number of days per year with maximum hourly concentrations above the standard is equal to or less than one. The 8-hour O3 standard is attained when the 3-year average of the 4th highest daily concentrations is 0.070 ppm or less. The 24-hour PM10 standard is attained when the 3-year average of the 99th percentile of monitored concentrations is less than 150 µg/m3. The 24-hour PM2.5 standard is attained when the 3-year average of 98th percentiles is less than 35 µg/m3. 3. Except for the national particulate standards, annual standards are met if the annual average falls below the standard at every site. The national annual particulate standard for PM10 is met if the 3-year average falls below the standard at every site. The annual PM2.5 standard is met if the 3-year average of annual averages spatially-averaged across officially designed clusters of sites falls below the standard. NAAQS are set by the EPA at levels determined to be protective of public health with an adequate margin of safety. 4. On October 1, 2015, the national 8-hour O3 primary and secondary standards were lowered from 0.075 to 0.070 ppm. An area will meet the standard if the fourth-highest maximum daily 8-hour O3 concentration per year, averaged over three years, is equal to or less than 0.070 ppm. EPA will make recommendations on attainment designations by October 1, 2016, and issue final designations October 1, 2017. Nonattainment areas will have until 2020 to late 2037 to meet the health standard, with attainment dates varying based on the O3 level in the area. 5. The national 1-hour O3 standard was revoked by the EPA on June 15, 2005. 6. In June 2002, CARB established new annual standards for PM2.5 and PM10. 7. The 8-hour California O3 standard was approved by the CARB on April 28, 2005 and became effective on May 17, 2006. 8. On June 2, 2010, the EPA established a new 1-hour SO2 standard, effective August 23, 2010, which is based on the 3-year average of the annual 99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations. The existing 0.030 ppm annual and 0.14 ppm 24-hour SO2 NAAQS however must continue to be used until one year following EPA initial designations of the new 1-hour SO2 NAAQS. 9. In December 2012, EPA strengthened the annual PM2.5 NAAQS from 15.0 to 12.0 μg/m3. In December 2014, the EPA issued final area designations for the 2012 primary annual PM2.5 NAAQS. Areas designated “unclassifiable/attainment” must continue to take steps to prevent their air quality from deteriorating to unhealthy levels. The effective date of this standard is April 15, 2015. 10. CARB has identified lead and vinyl chloride as ‘toxic air contaminants’ with no threshold level of exposure below which there are no adverse health effects determined. 11. National lead standard, rolling 3-month average: final rule signed October 15, 2008. Final designations effective December 31, 2011. Source: South Coast Air Quality Management District, Air Quality Management Plan, 2016; California Air Resources Board, Ambient Air Quality Standards, May 6, 2016. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 12 3.3 Regional South Coast Air Quality Management District The SCAQMD is the air pollution control agency for Orange County and the urban portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. The agency’s primary responsibility is ensuring that state and federal ambient air quality standards are attained and maintained in the SCAB. The SCAQMD is also responsible for adopting and enforcing rules and regulations concerning air pollutant sources, issuing permits for stationary sources of air pollutants, inspecting stationary sources of air pollutants, responding to citizen complaints, monitoring ambient air quality and meteorological conditions, awarding grants to reduce motor vehicle emissions, conducting public education campaigns, and many other activities. All projects are subject to SCAQMD rules and regulations in effect at the time of construction. The SCAQMD is also the lead agency in charge of developing the AQMP, with input from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) and CARB. The AQMP is a comprehensive plan that includes control strategies for stationary and area sources, as well as for on-road and off-road mobile sources. SCAG has the primary responsibility for providing future growth projections and the development and implementation of transportation control measures. CARB, in coordination with federal agencies, provides the control element for mobile sources. The 2016 AQMP was adopted by the SCAQMD Governing Board on March 3, 2017. The purpose of the AQMP is to set forth a comprehensive and integrated program that would lead the SCAB into compliance with the federal 24-hour PM2.5 air quality standard, and to provide an update to the SCAQMD’s commitments towards meeting the federal 8-hour O3 standards. The AQMP incorporates the latest scientific and technological information and planning assumptions, including the 2016-2040 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) and updated emission inventory methodologies for various source categories. The SCAQMD has published the CEQA Air Quality Handbook (approved by the SCAQMD Governing Board in 1993 and augmented with guidance for Local Significance Thresholds [LST] in 2008). The SCAQMD guidance helps local government agencies and consultants to develop environmental documents required by California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and provides identification of suggested thresholds of significance for criteria pollutants for both construction and operation (see discussion of thresholds below). With the help of the CEQA Air Quality Handbook and associated guidance, local land use planners and consultants are able to analyze and document how proposed and existing projects affect air quality in order to meet the requirements of the CEQA review process. The SCAQMD periodically provides supplemental guidance and updates to the handbook on their website. The SCAG is the regional planning agency for Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Imperial Counties and serves as a forum for regional issues relating to transportation, the economy, community development, and the environment. Under federal law, SCAG is designated as a Metropolitan Planning Organization and under State law as a Regional Transportation Planning Agency and a Council of Governments. The state and federal attainment status designations for the SCAB are summarized in Table 4: South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status. The SCAB is currently designated as a nonattainment area with respect to the State O3, PM10, and PM2.5 standards, as well as the national 8-hour O3 and PM2.5 standards. The SCAB is designated as attainment or unclassified for the remaining state and federal standards. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 13 Table 4: South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status Pollutant State Federal Ozone (O3) (1 Hour Standard) Non-Attainment Non-Attainment (Extreme) Ozone (O3) (8 Hour Standard) Non-Attainment Non-Attainment (Extreme) Particulate Matter (PM2.5) (24 Hour Standard) – Non-Attainment (Serious) Particulate Matter (PM2.5) (Annual Standard) Non-Attainment Non-Attainment (Moderate) Particulate Matter (PM10) (24 Hour Standard) Non-Attainment Attainment (Maintenance) Particulate Matter (PM10) (Annual Standard) Non-Attainment – Carbon Monoxide (CO) (1 Hour Standard) Attainment Attainment (Maintenance) Carbon Monoxide (CO) (8 Hour Standard) Attainment Attainment (Maintenance) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) (1 Hour Standard) Attainment Unclassifiable/Attainment Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) (Annual Standard) Attainment Attainment (Maintenance) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) (1 Hour Standard) Attainment Unclassifiable/Attainment Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) (24 Hour Standard) Attainment – Lead (Pb) (30 Day Standard) – Unclassifiable/Attainment Lead (Pb) (3 Month Standard) Attainment – Sulfates (SO4-2) (24 Hour Standard) Attainment – Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) (1 Hour Standard) Unclassified – Source: South Coast Air Quality Management District, Air Quality Management Plan, 2016; United States Environmental Protection Agency, Nonattainment Areas for Criteria Pollutants (Green Book), 2018. The following is a list of SCAQMD rules that are required of construction activities associated with the Project:  Rule 402 (Nuisance) – This rule prohibits the discharge from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health, or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property. This rule does not apply to odors emanating from agricultural operations necessary for the growing of crops or the raising of fowl or animals.  Rule 403 (Fugitive Dust) – This rule requires fugitive dust sources to implement best available control measures for all sources, and all forms of visible particulate matter are prohibited from crossing any property line. This rule is intended to reduce PM10 emissions from any transportation, handling, construction, or storage activity that has the potential to generate fugitive dust. PM10 suppression techniques are summarized below. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 14 a) Portions of a construction site to remain inactive longer than a period of three months will be seeded and watered until grass cover is grown or otherwise stabilized. b) All on-site roads will be paved as soon as feasible or watered periodically or chemically stabilized. c) All material transported off-site will be either sufficiently watered or securely covered to prevent excessive amounts of dust. d) The area disturbed by clearing, grading, earthmoving, or excavation operations will be minimized at all times. e) Where vehicles leave a construction site and enter adjacent public streets, the streets will be swept daily or washed down at the end of the work day to remove soil tracked onto the paved surface.  Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings) – This rule requires manufacturers, distributors, and end users of architectural and industrial maintenance coatings to reduce ROG emissions from the use of these coatings, primarily by placing limits on the ROG content of various coating categories. 3.4 Local City of Fontana General Plan Chapter 6, Building a Healthier Fontana of the City’s General Plan identifies goals that will result in a healthier city. Goals and policies that relate to air quality impacts include the following: Goal 1: The average lifespan in Fontana is consistently within the top ten of all southern California cities. Policy 1.3: Support local and regional initiatives to improve air quality in order to reduce asthma while actively discouraging development that may exacerbate asthma. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 15 4 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 Air Quality Thresholds Based upon the criteria derived from Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a Project normally would have a significant effect on the environment if it would:  Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan.  Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the Project region is in nonattainment under an applicable state or federal ambient air quality standard.  Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations.  Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people. SCAQMD Thresholds The significance criteria established by SCAQMD may be relied upon to make the above determinations. According to the SCAQMD, an air quality impact is considered significant if the Project would violate any ambient air quality standard, contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation, or expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations. The SCAQMD has established thresholds of significance for air quality during construction and operational activities of land use development projects, as shown in Table 5: South Coast Air Quality Management District Emissions Thresholds. Table 5: South Coast Air Quality Management District Emissions Thresholds Criteria Air Pollutants and Precursors Maximum Pounds Per Day Construction-Related Operational-Related Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) 75 55 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 550 550 Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) 100 55 Sulfur Oxides (SOX) 150 150 Coarse Particulates (PM10) 150 150 Fine Particulates (PM2.5) 55 55 Source: South Coast Air Quality Management District, South Coast AQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds, April 2019. Localized Carbon Monoxide In addition to the daily thresholds listed above, development associated with the Project would also be subject to the ambient air quality standards. These are addressed though an analysis of localized CO impacts. The significance of localized impacts depends on whether ambient CO levels near the Project are above state and federal CO standards (the more stringent California standards are 20 ppm for 1-hour and 9 ppm for 8-hour). The SCAB has been designated as attainment under the 1-hour and 8-hour standards. Localized Significance Thresholds In addition to the CO hotspot analysis, the SCAQMD developed LSTs for emissions of NO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 generated at new development sites (off-site mobile source emissions are not included in the LST City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 16 analysis). LSTs represent the maximum emissions that can be generated at a project without expecting to cause or substantially contribute to an exceedance of the most stringent state or federal ambient air quality standards. LSTs are based on the ambient concentrations of that pollutant within the Project source receptor area (SRA), as demarcated by the SCAQMD, and the distance to the nearest sensitive receptor. LST analysis for construction is applicable for all projects that disturb five acres or less on a single day. The City of Fontana is located within SCAQMD SRA 34 (Central San Bernardino Valley). Table 6: Local Significance Thresholds for Construction/Operations, shows the LSTs for a 1-acre, 2-acre, and 5-acre project in SRA 34 with sensitive receptors located within 25 meters of the Project. LSTs associated with all acreage categories are provided in Table 6 for informational purposes. Table 6 shows that the LSTs increase as acreages increase. It should be noted that LSTs are screening thresholds and are therefore conservative. The construction LST acreage is determined based daily acreage disturbed. The operational LST acreage is based on the total area of the Project site. Although the Project site is greater than 5 acres, the 5-acre operational LSTs are conservatively used to evaluate the Project. Table 6: Local Significance Thresholds for Construction/Operations Project Size Maximum Pounds Per Day Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Coarse Particulates (PM10) Fine Particulates (PM2.5) 1 Acre 118/118 667/667 4/1 3/1 2 Acres 170/170 972/972 7/2 4/1 5 Acres 270/270 1,746/1,746 14/4 8/2 Source: South Coast Air Quality Management District, Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, July 2009. 4.2 Methodology This air quality impact analysis considers construction and operational impacts associated with the Project. Where criteria air pollutant quantification was required, emissions were modeled using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) version 2020.4.0. CalEEMod is a Statewide land use emissions computer model designed to quantify potential criteria pollutant emissions associated with both construction and operations from a variety of land use projects. Air quality impacts were assessed according to methodologies recommended by CARB and the SCAQMD. Construction equipment, trucks, worker vehicles, and ground-disturbing activities associated with Project construction would generate emissions of criteria air pollutants and precursors. Daily regional construction emissions are estimated by assuming construction occurs at the earliest feasible date (i.e., a conservative estimate of construction activities) and applying off-road, fugitive dust, and on-road emissions factors in CalEEMod. Project operations would result in emissions of area sources (consumer products), energy sources (natural gas usage), and mobile sources (motor vehicles from Project generated vehicle trips). Project-generated increases in operational emissions would be predominantly associated with motor vehicle use. The increase of traffic over existing conditions as a result of the Project was obtained from the VMT Screening Memorandum for the Proposed Sobrato Residential Project in the City of Fontana (Kimley-Horn, 2021) (Traffic Impact Study). Other operational emissions from area, energy, and stationary sources were quantified in CalEEMod based on land use activity data. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 17 As discussed above, the SCAQMD provides significance thresholds for emissions associated with proposed Project construction and operations. The proposed Project’s construction and operational emissions are compared to the daily criteria pollutant emissions significance thresholds in order to determine the significance of a Project’s impact on regional air quality. The localized effects from the Project’s on-site emissions were evaluated in accordance with the SCAQMD’s LST methodology, which uses on-site mass emissions rate look-up tables and Project-specific modeling. LSTs represent the maximum emissions from a project that are not expected to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the most stringent applicable federal or state ambient air quality standards and are developed based on the ambient concentrations of that pollutant for each source receptor area and distance to the nearest sensitive receptor. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 18 5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 5.1 Air Quality Analysis Threshold 5.1 Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? As part of its enforcement responsibilities, the EPA requires each state with nonattainment areas to prepare and submit a State Implementation Plan (SIP) that demonstrates the means to attain the federal standards. The State Implementation Plan must integrate federal, state, and local plan components and regulations to identify specific measures to reduce pollution in nonattainment areas, using a combination of performance standards and market-based programs. Similarly, under State law, the CCAA requires an air quality attainment plan to be prepared for areas designated as nonattainment regarding the state and federal ambient air quality standards. Air quality attainment plans outline emissions limits and control measures to achieve and maintain these standards by the earliest practical date. The Project is located within the SCAB, which is under the jurisdiction of the SCAQMD. The SCAQMD is required, pursuant to the FCAA, to reduce emissions of criteria pollutants for which the SCAB is in nonattainment. To reduce such emissions, the SCAQMD drafted the 2016 AQMP. The 2016 AQMP establishes a program of rules and regulations directed at reducing air pollutant emissions and achieving state (California) and national air quality standards. The 2016 AQMP is a regional and multi-agency effort including the SCAQMD, the CARB, the SCAG, and the EPA. The plan’s pollutant control strategies are based on the latest scientific and technical information and planning assumptions, including SCAG’s growth projections and RTP/SCS, updated emission inventory methodologies for various source categories, and SCAG’s latest growth forecasts. SCAG’s latest growth forecasts were defined in consultation with local governments and with reference to local general plans. The Project is subject to the SCAQMD’s AQMP. Criteria for determining consistency with the AQMP are defined by the following indicators:  Consistency Criterion No. 1: The Project will not result in an increase in the frequency or severity of existing air quality violations, or cause or contribute to new violations, or delay the timely attainment of air quality standards or the interim emissions reductions specified in the AQMP.  Consistency Criterion No. 2: The Project will not exceed the assumptions in the AQMP or increments based on the years of the Project build-out phase. According to the SCAQMD’s CEQA Air Quality Handbook, the purpose of the consistency finding is to determine if a project is inconsistent with the assumptions and objectives of the regional air quality plans, and thus if it would interfere with the region’s ability to comply with CAAQS and NAAQS. The violations to which Consistency Criterion No. 1 refers are CAAQS and NAAQS. As shown in Table 7 and Table 8 below, the Project would not exceed the construction and operation emission standards set by SCAQMD. Thus, the project would be consistent with the first criterion. Concerning Consistency Criterion No. 2, the AQMP contains air pollutant reduction strategies based on SCAG’s latest growth forecasts, and SCAG’s growth forecasts were defined in consultation with local governments and with reference to local general plans. The Project site is designated as Multi-Family Residential (R-MF). The Project is consistent with the City’s General Plan Land Use Designations and the City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 19 Zoning Designations and would not require a General Plan Amendment (GPA) and a Zone Change. As such, the Project is consistent with SCAG’s latest growth forecasts. Thus, the Project is consistent with the second criterion. The Project would be consistent with both criterion and thus impacts would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required. Level of Significance: Less Than Significant Impact. Threshold 5.2 Would the project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the Project region is non-attainment under an applicable state or federal ambient air quality standard? Construction Emissions Construction associated with the Project would generate short-term emissions of criteria air pollutants. The criteria pollutants of primary concern within the Project area include O3-precursor pollutants (i.e., ROG and NOX), CO, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5. Construction-generated emissions are short term and of temporary duration, lasting only as long as construction activities occur, but would be considered a significant air quality impact if the volume of pollutants generated exceeds the SCAQMD’s thresholds of significance. Construction results in the temporary generation of emissions resulting from site grading, road paving, motor vehicle exhaust associated with construction equipment and worker trips, and the movement of construction equipment, especially on unpaved surfaces. Emissions of airborne particulate matter are largely dependent on the amount of ground disturbance associated with site preparation activities as well as weather conditions and the appropriate application of water. The duration of construction activities associated with the Project is estimated to last approximately 12 months. Construction-generated emissions associated the Project were calculated using the CARB- approved CalEEMod computer program, which is designed to model emissions for land use development projects, based on typical construction requirements. See Appendix A: Air Quality Modeling Data for more information regarding the construction assumptions used in this analysis. Predicted maximum daily construction-generated emissions for the Project are summarized in in Table 7: Construction-Related Emissions. Fugitive dust emissions may have a substantial, temporary impact on local air quality. In addition, fugitive dust may be a nuisance to those living and working in the Project vicinity. Uncontrolled dust from construction can become a nuisance and potential health hazard to those living and working nearby. SCAQMD Rules 402 and 403 (prohibition of nuisances, watering of inactive and perimeter areas, track out requirements, etc.), are applicable to the Project and were applied in CalEEMod to minimize fugitive dust emissions. Standard Condition (SC) AQ-1 requires the implementation of Rule 402 and 403 dust control techniques to minimize PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. While impacts would be considered less than significant, Project would be subject to SCAQMD Rules for reducing fugitive dust, described in the Regulatory Framework subsection above and identified in Standard Conditions SC AQ-1. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 20 As shown in Table 7, all criteria pollutant emissions would remain below their respective thresholds. While impacts would be considered less than significant, the Project would be subject to SCAQMD Rules 402, 403, and 1113, described in the Regulatory Framework subsection above and required by SC AQ-1. Table 7: Construction-Related Emissions Construction Year Maximum Pounds Per Day Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10) Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 2022 4.10 53.81 33.57 0.13 10.21 5.85 2023 17.18 46.64 39.91 0.12 7.47 3.53 SCAQMD Threshold 75 100 550 150 150 55 Exceed SCAQMD Threshold? No No No No No No Notes: SCAQMD Rule 403 Fugitive Dust applied. The Rule 403 reduction/credits include the following: properly maintain mobile and other construction equipment; replace ground cover in disturbed areas quickly; water exposed surfaces three times daily; cover stock piles with tarps; water all haul roads twice daily; and limit speeds on unpaved roads to 15 miles per hour. Reductions percentages from the SCAQMD CEQA Handbook (Tables XI-A through XI-E) were applied. No mitigation was applied to construction equipment. Refer to Appendix A for Model Data Outputs. Source: CalEEMod version 2020.4.0. Refer to Appendix A for model outputs. Operational Emissions The Project’s operational emissions would be associated with area sources (e.g., landscape maintenance equipment, architectural coatings, off-road equipment, etc.), energy sources, mobile sources (i.e., motor vehicle use), and off-road equipment. Primary sources of operational criteria pollutants are from motor vehicle use and area sources. Long-term operational emissions attributable to the Project are summarized in Table 8: Operational Emissions. The operational emissions sources are described below.  Area Source Emissions. Area source emissions would be generated due to on-site equipment, architectural coating, and landscaping that were previously not present on the site.  Energy Source Emissions. Energy source emissions would be generated due to electricity and natural gas usage associated with the Project. Primary uses of electricity and natural gas by the Project would be for space heating and cooling, water heating, ventilation, lighting, appliances, and electronics.  Mobile Source. Mobile sources are emissions from motor vehicles, including tailpipe and evaporative emissions. Depending upon the pollutant being discussed, the potential air quality impact may be of either regional or local concern. For example, ROG, NOX, PM10, and PM2.5 are all pollutants of regional concern. NOX and ROG react with sunlight to form O3, known as photochemical smog. Additionally, wind currents readily transport PM10 and PM2.5. However, CO tends to be a localized pollutant, dispersing rapidly at the source. Project-generated vehicle emissions are based on the trip generation within the Project Traffic Impact Study and incorporated into CalEEMod as recommended by the SCAQMD. Based on the trip rates from the Traffic Impact Study, the Project would generate 1,047 daily trips. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 21 As shown in Table 8, all criteria pollutant emissions would remain below their respective thresholds during Project operations. Therefore, the Project would result in a less than significant impact. Table 8: Operational Emissions Source Maximum Pounds Per Day Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10) Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Area Source Emissions 3.68 2.08 12.64 0.01 0.22 0.22 Energy Emissions 0.09 0.76 0.32 <0.01 0.06 0.06 Mobile Emissions 3.46 4.72 33.88 0.07 7.61 2.07 Total Emissions 7.23 7.56 46.84 0.08 7.89 2.35 SCAQMD Threshold 55 55 550 150 150 55 Exceeds Threshold? No No No No No No Source: CalEEMod version 2020.4.0. Refer to Appendix A for model outputs. Cumulative Construction Emissions The SCAB is designated nonattainment for O3, PM10, and PM2.5 for State standards and nonattainment for O3 and PM2.5 for Federal standards. Appendix D of the SCAQMD White Paper on Potential Control Strategies to Address Cumulative Impacts from Air Pollution (2003) notes that projects that result in emissions that do not exceed the project-specific SCAQMD regional thresholds of significance should result in a less than significant impact on a cumulative basis unless there is other pertinent information to the contrary. The mass-based regional significance thresholds published by the SCAQMD are designed to ensure compliance with both NAAQS and CAAQS and are based on an inventory of projected emissions in the SCAB. Therefore, if a project is estimated to result in emissions that do not exceed the thresholds, the project’s contribution to the cumulative impact on air quality in the SCAB would not be cumulatively considerable. As shown in Table 7 above, Project construction-related emissions by themselves would not exceed the SCAQMD significance thresholds for criteria pollutants. Therefore, the proposed Project would not generate a cumulatively considerable contribution to air pollutant emissions during construction. The SCAQMD has developed strategies to reduce criteria pollutant emissions outlined in the AQMP pursuant to the FCAA mandates. The analysis assumed fugitive dust controls would be utilized during construction, including frequent water applications. SCAQMD rules, mandates, and compliance with adopted AQMP emissions control measures would also be imposed on construction projects throughout the SCAB, which would include related projects. Compliance with SCAQMD rules and regulations would further reduce the Project construction-related impacts. Therefore, Project-related construction emissions, combined with those from other projects in the area, would not substantially deteriorate local air quality. Construction emissions associated with the Project would not result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to significant cumulative air quality impacts. Cumulative Operational Impacts The SCAQMD has not established separate significance thresholds for cumulative operational emissions. The nature of air emissions is largely a cumulative impact. As a result, no single project is sufficient in size to, by itself, result in nonattainment of ambient air quality standards. Instead, individual project emissions contribute to existing cumulatively significant adverse air quality impacts. The SCAQMD developed the operational thresholds of significance based on the level above which individual project emissions would City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 22 result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to the SCAB’s existing air quality conditions. Therefore, a project that exceeds the SCAQMD operational thresholds would also be a cumulatively considerable contribution to a significant cumulative impact. As shown in Table 8, the Project operational emissions from mobile sources alone would not exceed the SCAQMD thresholds. Therefore, the Project would not substantially deteriorate local air quality in its operational phase. Standard Conditions and Requirements: SC AQ-1 Prior to the issuance of grading permits, the City Engineer shall confirm that the Grading Plan, Building Plans and Specifications require all construction contractors to comply with South Coast Air Quality Management District’s (SCAQMD’s) Rules 402 and 403 to minimize construction emissions of dust and particulates. The measures include, but are not limited to, the following:  Portions of a construction site to remain inactive longer than a period of three months will be seeded and watered until grass cover is grown or otherwise stabilized.  All on-site roads will be paved as soon as feasible or watered periodically or chemically stabilized.  All material transported off site will be either sufficiently watered or securely covered to prevent excessive amounts of dust.  The area disturbed by clearing, grading, earthmoving, or excavation operations will be minimized at all times.  Where vehicles leave a construction site and enter adjacent public streets, the streets will be swept daily or washed down at the end of the work day to remove soil tracked onto the paved surface. Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required. Level of Significance: Less Than Significant Impact. Threshold 5.3 Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? Localized Construction Significance Analysis The nearest sensitive receptors are the single-family residences located approximately 60 feet (18 meters) to the east and west of the Project. To identify impacts to sensitive receptors, the SCAQMD recommends addressing LSTs for construction. LSTs were developed in response to SCAQMD Governing Boards' Environmental Justice Enhancement Initiative (I-4). The SCAQMD provided the Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology (dated June 2003 [revised 2008]) for guidance. The LST methodology assists lead agencies in analyzing localized impacts associated with Project-specific emissions. Since CalEEMod calculates construction emissions based on the number of equipment hours and the maximum daily soil disturbance activity possible for each piece of equipment, Table 9: Equipment-Specific Grading Rates, is used to determine the maximum daily disturbed acreage for comparison to LSTs. The City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 23 appropriate SRA for the localized significance thresholds is the Central San Bernardino Valley (SRA 34) since this area includes the Project. LSTs apply to CO, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5. The SCAQMD produced look- up tables for projects that disturb areas less than or equal to 5 acres in size. Project construction is anticipated to disturb a maximum of 4.0 acres in a single day. Table 9: Equipment-Specific Grading Rates Construction Phase Equipment Type Equipment Quantity Acres Graded per 8-Hour Day Operating Hours per Day Acres Graded per Day Grading Scrapers 2 1 8 2.0 Graders 1 0.5 8 0.5 Rubber Tired Dozers 1 0.5 8 0.5 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 0.5 8 1.0 Total Acres Graded per Day 4.0 Source: CalEEMod version 2020.4.0. Refer to Appendix A for model outputs. The SCAQMD’s methodology states that “off-site mobile emissions from the Project should not be included in the emissions compared to LSTs.” Therefore, only emissions included in the CalEEMod “on- site” emissions outputs were considered. The nearest sensitive receptors are the single-family residences located 60 feet (18 meters) to the east and west of the Project site. LST thresholds are provided for distances to sensitive receptors of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 meters. Therefore, LSTs for receptors located at 25 meters were utilized in this analysis. Table 10: Localized Significance of Construction Emissions, presents the results of localized emissions during construction. Table 10: Localized Significance of Construction Emissions Construction Activity (Maximum Pounds Per Day) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10) Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Site Preparation (2022) 33.08 19.70 10.02 5.80 Grading (2022) 38.84 29.04 5.61 3.07 Grading (2023) 34.52 28.05 5.40 2.88 Building Construction (2023) 14.38 16.24 0.70 0.66 Paving (2023) 10.19 14.58 0.51 0.47 Architectural Coating (2023) 1.30 1.81 0.07 0.07 Maximum Daily Emissions 38.84 29.04 10.02 5.80 SCAQMD Localized Screening Threshold (4 acres at 25 meters) 237 1,488 12 7 Exceed SCAQMD Threshold? No No No No Source: CalEEMod version 2020.4.0. Refer to Appendix A for model outputs. Table 10 shows that emissions of these pollutants on the peak day of construction would not result in significant concentrations of pollutants at nearby sensitive receptors. Significant impacts would not occur concerning LSTs during construction. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 24 Localized Operational Significance Analysis According to the SCAQMD LST methodology, LSTs would apply to the operational phase of a project only if it includes stationary sources or attracts mobile sources that may spend long periods queuing and idling at the site (e.g., warehouse or transfer facilities). Since the Project is a residential area, the operational phase LST protocol is conservatively applied to both the area source and all the mobile source emissions. As the nearest receptors are located approximately 60 feet (18 meters) from the Project site, LSTs for receptors located at 25 meters for SRA 34 were used in this analysis. Although the Project is 10.3-acres, the five-acre LST threshold was conservatively for the Project, as the LSTs increase with the size of the site. The LST analysis only includes on-site sources. However, the CalEEMod model outputs do not separate on- and off-site emissions for mobile sources. For a worst-case scenario assessment, the emissions shown in Table 11: Localized Significance of Operational Emissions, conservatively include all on-site Project- related stationary sources and five percent of the Project-related vehicle emissions since a portion of mobile sources would include vehicles maneuvering and idling on-site. Table 11 shows that the maximum daily emissions of these pollutants during operations would not result in significant concentrations of NOx, CO, PM10 or PM2.5 pollutants at nearby sensitive receptors. Therefore, significant impacts would not occur concerning LSTs during operational activities. Table 11: Localized Significance of Operational Emissions Activity (Maximum Pounds Per Day) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10) Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) On-site Area and Mobile Source Emissions 2.32 14.15 0.60 0.32 SCAQMD Localized Screening Threshold (5 acres at 25 meters) 270 1,746 4 2 Exceed SCAQMD Threshold? No No No No Source: CalEEMod version 2020.4.0. Refer to Appendix A for model outputs. Criteria Pollutant Health Impacts On December 24, 2018, the California Supreme Court issued an opinion identifying the need to provide sufficient information connecting a project’s air emissions to health impacts or explain why such information could not be ascertained (Sierra Club v. County of Fresno [Friant Ranch, L.P.] [2018] Cal.5th, Case No. S219783). The SCAQMD has set its CEQA significance thresholds based on the FCAA, which defines a major stationary source (in extreme ozone nonattainment areas such as the South Coast Air Basin) as emitting 10 tons per year. The thresholds correlate with the trigger levels for the federal New Source Review (NSR) Program and SCAQMD Rule 1303 for new or modified sources. The NSR Program3 was created by the FCAA to ensure that stationary sources of air pollution are constructed or modified in a manner that is consistent with attainment of health-based federal ambient air quality standards. The federal ambient air quality standards establish the levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety, to protect the public health. Therefore, projects that do not exceed the SCAQMD’s LSTs and 3 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) [i.e., PSD (40 CFR 52.21, 40 CFR 51.166, 40 CFR 51.165 (b)), Non-attainment NSR (40 CFR 52.24, 40 CFR 51.165, 40 CFR part 51, Appendix S) City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 25 mass emissions thresholds would not violate any air quality standards or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation and no criteria pollutant health impacts. NOX and ROG are precursor emissions that form ozone in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight where the pollutants undergo complex chemical reactions. It takes time and the influence of meteorological conditions for these reactions to occur, so ozone may be formed at a distance downwind from the sources. Breathing ground-level ozone can result health effects that include: reduced lung function, inflammation of airways, throat irritation, pain, burning, or discomfort in the chest when taking a deep breath, chest tightness, wheezing, or shortness of breath. In addition to these effects, evidence from observational studies strongly indicates that higher daily ozone concentrations are associated with increased asthma attacks, increased hospital admissions, increased daily mortality, and other markers of morbidity. The consistency and coherence of the evidence for effects upon asthmatics suggests that ozone can make asthma symptoms worse and can increase sensitivity to asthma triggers. According the SCAQMD’s 2016 AQMP, ozone, NOX, and ROG have been decreasing in the Basin since 1975 and are projected to continue to decrease in the future. Although vehicle miles traveled in the Basin continue to increase, NOX and ROG levels are decreasing because of the mandated controls on motor vehicles and the replacement of older polluting vehicles with lower-emitting vehicles. NOX emissions from electric utilities have also decreased due to the use of cleaner fuels and renewable energy. The 2016 AQMP demonstrates how the SCAQMD’s control strategy to meet the 8-hour ozone standard in 2023 would lead to sufficient NOX emission reductions to attain the 1-hour ozone standard by 2022. In addition, since NOX emissions also lead to the formation of PM2.5, the NOX reductions needed to meet the ozone standards will likewise lead to improvement of PM2.5 levels and attainment of PM2.5 standards. The SCAQMD’s air quality modeling demonstrates that NOX reductions prove to be much more effective in reducing ozone levels and will also lead to significant improvement in PM2.5 concentrations. NOX- emitting stationary sources regulated by the SCAQMD include Regional Clean Air Incentives Market (RECLAIM) facilities (e.g., refineries, power plants, etc.), natural gas combustion equipment (e.g., boilers, heaters, engines, burners, flares) and other combustion sources that burn wood or propane. The 2016 AQMP identifies robust NOX reductions from new regulations on RECLAIM facilities, non-refinery flares, commercial cooking, and residential and commercial appliances. Such combustion sources are already heavily regulated with the lowest NOX emissions levels achievable but there are opportunities to require and accelerate replacement with cleaner zero-emission alternatives, such as residential and commercial furnaces, pool heaters, and backup power equipment. The AQMD plans to achieve such replacements through a combination of regulations and incentives. Technology-forcing regulations can drive development and commercialization of clean technologies, with future year requirements for new or existing equipment. Incentives can then accelerate deployment and enhance public acceptability of new technologies. The 2016 AQMP also emphasizes that beginning in 2012, continued implementation of previously adopted regulations will lead to NOX emission reductions of 68 percent by 2023 and 80 percent by 2031. With the addition of 2016 AQMP proposed regulatory measures, a 30 percent reduction of NOX from stationary sources is expected in the 15-year period between 2008 and 2023. This is in addition to significant NOX reductions from stationary sources achieved in the decades prior to 2008. As previously discussed, localized effects of on-site Project emissions on nearby receptors were found to be less than significant (refer to Table 10 and Table 11). The LSTs represent the maximum emissions from a project that are not expected to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the most stringent applicable City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 26 state or federal ambient air quality standard. The LSTs were developed by the SCAQMD based on the ambient concentrations of that pollutant for each SRA and distance to the nearest sensitive receptor. The ambient air quality standards establish the levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety, to protect public health, including protecting the health of sensitive populations. However, as discussed above, neither the SCAQMD nor any other air district currently have methodologies that would provide Lead Agencies and CEQA practitioners with a consistent, reliable, and meaningful analysis to correlate specific health impacts that may result from a proposed project’s mass emissions. Information on health impacts related to exposure to ozone and particulate matter emissions published by the EPA and CARB have been summarized above and discussed in the Regulatory Framework section. Health studies are used by these agencies to set the NAAQS and CAAQS. Ozone concentrations are dependent upon a variety of complex factors, including the presence of sunlight and precursor pollutants, natural topography, nearby structures that cause building downwash, atmospheric stability, and wind patterns. Because of the complexities of predicting ground-level ozone concentrations in relation to the NAAQS and CAAQS, none of the health-related information can be directly correlated to the pounds/day or tons/year of emissions estimated from a single, proposed project. Because it is impracticable to accurately isolate the exact cause of a human disease (for example, the role a particular air pollutant plays compared to the role of other allergens and genetics in cause asthma), the City has determined that existing scientific tools cannot accurately estimate health impacts of the Project’s air emissions without undue speculation. It should also be noted that this analysis identifies health concerns related to NOX emissions. Table 1 includes a list of criteria pollutants and summarizes common sources and effects. Thus, this analysis is reasonable and intended to foster informed decision making. Carbon Monoxide Hotspots An analysis of CO “hot spots” is needed to determine whether the change in the level of service of an intersection resulting from the Project would have the potential to result in exceedances of the CAAQS or NAAQS. It has long been recognized that CO exceedances are caused by vehicular emissions, primarily when vehicles are idling at intersections. Vehicle emissions standards have become increasingly stringent in the last 20 years. Currently, the CO standard in California is a maximum of 3.4 grams per mile for passenger cars (requirements for certain vehicles are more stringent). With the turnover of older vehicles, introduction of cleaner fuels, and implementation of control technology on industrial facilities, CO concentrations have steadily declined. Accordingly, with the steadily decreasing CO emissions from vehicles, even very busy intersections do not result in exceedances of the CO standard. The South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) was re-designated as attainment in 2007 and is no longer addressed in the SCAQMD’s AQMP. The 2003 AQMP is the most recent version that addresses CO concentrations. As part of the SCAQMD CO Hotspot Analysis, the Wilshire Boulevard/Veteran Avenue intersection, one of the most congested intersections in Southern California with an average daily traffic (ADT) volume of approximately 100,000 vehicles per day, was modeled for CO concentrations. This modeling effort identified a CO concentration high of 4.6 ppm, which is well below the 35-ppm Federal standard. The Project considered herein would not produce the volume of traffic required to generate a CO hot spot in the context of SCAQMD’s CO Hotspot Analysis. As the CO hotspots were not experienced at the Wilshire Boulevard/Veteran Avenue intersection even as it accommodates 100,000 vehicles daily, it can be reasonably inferred that CO hotspots would not be experienced at any vicinity intersections resulting from 1,010 additional vehicle trips attributable to the Project. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required. Level of Significance: Less than significant impact. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 27 Threshold 5.4 Would the project result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people? The SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook identifies certain land uses as sources of odors. These land uses include agriculture (farming and livestock), wastewater treatment plants, food processing plants, chemical plants, composting facilities, refineries, landfills, dairies, and fiberglass molding. The Project would not include any of the land uses that have been identified by the SCAQMD as odor sources. During construction-related activities, some odors (not substantial pollutant concentrations) that may be detected are those typical of construction vehicles (e.g., diesel exhaust from grading and construction equipment). These odors are a temporary short-term impact that is typical of construction projects and would disperse rapidly. The Project would not include any of the land uses that have been identified by the SCAQMD as odor sources. Therefore, the Project would not create objectionable odors. Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required. Level of Significance: Less than significant impact. City of Fontana Sobrato Residential Development Project Air Quality Assessment December 2021 Page | 28 6 REFERENCES 1. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), Health Effects, 2018. 2. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), Health Risk Assessments for Proposed Land Use Projects, 2009. 3. California Air Resources Board, Aerometric Data Analysis and Measurement System (ADAM) Top Four Summaries from 2018 to 2020, 2021. 4. California Air Resources Board, Air Quality and Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective, 2005. 5. California Air Resources Board, Ambient Air Quality Standards, May 6, 2016. 6. California Air Resources Board, Current Air Quality Standards, 2016. 7. California Air Resources Board, Risk Reduction Plan to Reduce Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel-Fueled Engines and Vehicles, 2000. 8. City of Fontana, Draft Environmental Impact Report SCH #2005021054, page 2.0-1, 2006. 9. City of Fontana, General Plan Update 2015-2035, November 2018. 10. Federal Highway Administration, Interim Guidance on Mobile Source Air Toxic Analysis in NEPA Documents, 2016. 11. Kimley-Horn and Associates, VMT Screening Memorandum for the Proposed Sobrato Residential Project in the City of Fontana, September 24, 2021. 12. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, 2015. 13. South Coast Air Quality Management District, 2016 Air Quality Management Plan, March 2017. 14. South Coast Air Quality Management District, CEQA Air Quality Handbook, 1993. 15. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, 2008. 16. United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Ambient Air Quality Standards Table, 2018. 17. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Nonattainment Areas for Criteria Pollutants, 2019. 18. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Policy Assessment for the Review of the Lead National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2013. 19. South Coast Air Quality Management District, South Coast AQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds, April 2019. Appendix A Air Quality Modeling Data Waste Mitigation - Grading - Vehicle Trips - According to the Traffic Study Woodstoves - Compliance with SCAQMD rule Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - SCAQMD rule compliance Water Mitigation - 0.004 1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data Project Characteristics - Land Use - Acreage and DU base on Site Plan 11/9/2021 Construction Phase - anticipated construction schedule CO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 390.98 CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 0.033 N2O Intensity (lb/MWhr) Climate Zone 10 Operational Year 2024 Utility Company Southern California Edison 409 1.2 Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Urban Wind Speed (m/s)2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days)32 Condo/Townhouse 143.00 Dwelling Unit 8.94 143,000.00 0 City Park 0.68 Acre 0.68 29,620.80 0 Parking Lot 153.00 Space 1.38 61,200.00 Fontana Sobrato San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer 1.0 Project Characteristics 1.1 Land Usage Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied tblWoodstoves NumberNoncatalytic 6.90 0.00 tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 0.78 0.00 tblWoodstoves NumberCatalytic 6.90 0.00 tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 2.19 0.00 tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 6.28 7.32 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 1.96 0.00 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 8.14 7.32 tblFireplaces NumberWood 6.90 0.00 tblGrading MaterialExported 0.00 50,000.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 40.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 10.00 15.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 300.00 200.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 30.00 60.00 tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed 0 15 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 65.00 tblConstDustMitigation CleanPavedRoadPercentReduction 0 6 tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadMoistureContent 0 12 Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.2353 1.0624 13,265.327 2 1.6479 5.8541 0.0000 12,892.835 4 12,892.835 4 0.1254 8.5941 1.7852 10.2077 4.3696Maximum 17.1769 53.0942 39.9066 12,592.601 6 12,592.601 6 2.2212 1.0156 12,950.768 5 2.2353 1.0624 13,265.327 2 2023 17.1769 46.0194 39.9066 0.1226 5.9282 1.5461 7.4743 2.1044 1.4268 3.5313 0.0000 1.6479 5.8541 0.0000 12,892.835 4 12,892.835 4 0.1254 8.5941 1.7852 10.2077 4.36962022 4.1034 53.0942 33.5697 CH4 N2O CO2e Year lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 2.2353 1.0624 13,265.327 2 Mitigated Construction 1.6479 11.6404 0.0000 12,892.835 4 12,892.835 4 0.1254 19.8582 1.7852 21.4718 10.1558Maximum 17.1769 53.0942 39.9066 12,592.601 6 12,592.601 6 2.2212 1.0156 12,950.768 5 2.2353 1.0624 13,265.327 2 2023 17.1769 46.0194 39.9066 0.1226 11.3455 1.5461 12.8916 4.2275 1.4268 5.6543 0.0000 1.6479 11.6404 0.0000 12,892.835 4 12,892.835 4 0.1254 19.8582 1.7852 21.4718 10.15582022 4.1034 53.0942 33.5697 N2O CO2e Year lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 2.1 Overall Construction (Maximum Daily Emission) Unmitigated Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 2.0 Emissions Summary CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 11,276.219 9 11,276.219 9 0.4855 0.4143 11,411.813 8 0.3988 0.3509 7,912.9481 Total 7.2292 7.2869 46.8421 0.0932 7.5529 0.3412 7.8941 2.0144 0.3375 2.3520 0.0000 0.0532 2.0676 7,798.4064 7,798.40640.0753 7.5529 0.0569 7.6098 2.0144Mobile 3.4605 4.4432 33.8815 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.3162 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.5495 Energy 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e-003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.27660.0130 0.2227 0.2227Area 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 11,276.219 9 11,276.219 9 0.4855 0.4143 11,411.813 8 0.3988 0.3509 7,912.9481 Total 7.2292 7.2869 46.8421 0.0932 7.5529 0.3412 7.8941 2.0144 0.3375 2.3520 0.0000 0.0532 2.0676 7,798.4064 7,798.40640.0753 7.5529 0.0569 7.6098 2.0144Mobile 3.4605 4.4432 33.8815 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.3162 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.5495 Energy 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e-003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.27660.0130 0.2227 0.2227Area 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 2.2 Overall Operational Unmitigated Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.46 0.00 48.54 54.99 0.00 45.73 0.00 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 22.5 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 180 Acres of Paving: 1.38 Residential Indoor: 279,450; Residential Outdoor: 93,150; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 3,672 (Architectural Coating – sqft) 5 65 5 Paving Paving 11/1/2023 12/26/2023 5 40 4 Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 10/1/2023 12/29/2023 5 60 3 Building Construction Building Construction 3/16/2023 12/20/2023 5 200 2 Grading Grading 12/22/2022 3/15/2023 Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Site Preparation Site Preparation 12/1/2022 12/21/2022 5 15 Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.0 Construction Detail Construction Phase N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 ROG NOx CO SO2 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied HHDT Architectural Coating 1 28.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_MixPaving 6 15.00 0.00 0.00 HHDT Building Construction 9 138.00 30.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_MixGrading 8 20.00 0.00 6,250.00 Hauling Vehicle Class Site Preparation 7 18.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 0.48 Trips and VMT Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 78 0.36 Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38 Paving Paving Equipment 2 8.00 132 0.45 Paving Pavers 2 8.00 130 0.42 Building Construction Welders 1 8.00 46 0.74 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7.00 97 0.37 Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 84 0.29 Building Construction Forklifts 3 8.00 89 0.20 Building Construction Cranes 1 7.00 231 0.48 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8.00 97 0.37 Grading Scrapers 2 8.00 367 0.41 Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40 Grading Graders 1 8.00 187 0.37 Grading Excavators 2 8.00 158 0.38 Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8.00 97 Load Factor Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8.00 247 0.40 Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power OffRoad Equipment CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3,686.0619 3,686.0619 1.1922 3,715.8655 1.1922 3,715.8655 Total 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.0380 19.6570 1.6126 21.2696 10.1025 1.4836 11.5860 1.4836 1.4836 3,686.0619 3,686.06190.0380 1.6126 1.6126Off-Road 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.0000 0.0000 Category lb/day lb/day Fugitive Dust 19.6570 0.0000 19.6570 10.1025 0.0000 10.1025 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Clean Paved Roads 3.2 Site Preparation - 2022 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Replace Ground Cover Water Exposed Area Water Unpaved Roads Reduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1.1922 3,715.86551.4836 5.8024 0.0000 3,686.0619 3,686.06190.0380 8.4034 1.6126 10.0159 4.3188Total 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 3,686.0619 3,686.0619 1.1922 3,715.8655 0.0000 Off-Road 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.0380 1.6126 1.6126 1.4836 1.4836 0.0000 0.0000 4.3188 0.00008.4034 0.0000 8.4034 4.3188Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 188.9222 188.9222 4.9100e- 003 4.7000e- 003 190.4461 4.9100e- 003 4.7000e- 003 190.4461 Total 0.0762 0.0483 0.7415 1.8600e-003 0.2012 1.0600e- 003 0.2023 0.0534 9.7000e- 004 0.0543 9.7000e- 004 0.0543 188.9222 188.92221.8600e-003 0.2012 1.0600e- 003 0.2023 0.0534Worker 0.0762 0.0483 0.7415 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1.9442 6,060.01581.5041 5.1721 6,011.4105 6,011.41050.0621 9.2978 1.6349 10.9327 3.6680Total 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 6,011.4105 6,011.4105 1.9442 6,060.0158 0.0000 Off-Road 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 0.0621 1.6349 1.6349 1.5041 1.5041 0.0000 3.6680 0.00009.2978 0.0000 9.2978 3.6680Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.3 Grading - 2022 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 188.9222 188.9222 4.9100e- 003 4.7000e- 003 190.4461 4.9100e- 003 4.7000e- 003 190.4461 Total 0.0762 0.0483 0.7415 1.8600e-003 0.1907 1.0600e- 003 0.1918 0.0508 9.7000e- 004 0.0518 9.7000e- 004 0.0518 188.9222 188.92221.8600e-003 0.1907 1.0600e- 003 0.1918 0.0508Worker 0.0762 0.0483 0.7415 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1.9442 6,060.01581.5041 3.0722 0.0000 6,011.4105 6,011.41050.0621 3.9748 1.6349 5.6097 1.5681Total 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 6,011.4105 6,011.4105 1.9442 6,060.0158 0.0000 Off-Road 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 0.0621 1.6349 1.6349 1.5041 1.5041 0.0000 0.0000 1.5681 0.00003.9748 0.0000 3.9748 1.5681Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 6,881.4249 6,881.4249 0.2911 1.0624 7,205.3113 5.4600e- 003 5.2200e- 003 211.6067 Total 0.4786 14.2507 4.5282 0.0633 2.0478 0.1503 2.1981 0.5595 0.1438 0.7033 1.0800e- 003 0.0604 209.9136 209.91362.0600e-003 0.2236 1.1700e- 003 0.2247 0.0593Worker 0.0847 0.0537 0.8239 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2857 1.0572 6,993.7046 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1427 0.6429 6,671.5113 6,671.51130.0613 1.8242 0.1491 1.9733 0.5002Hauling 0.3939 14.1971 3.7042 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1.9442 6,060.08361.3105 4.9786 6,011.4777 6,011.47770.0621 9.2978 1.4245 10.7223 3.6680Total 3.3217 34.5156 28.0512 6,011.4777 6,011.4777 1.9442 6,060.0836 0.0000 Off-Road 3.3217 34.5156 28.0512 0.0621 1.4245 1.4245 1.3105 1.3105 0.0000 3.6680 0.00009.2978 0.0000 9.2978 3.6680Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.3 Grading - 2023 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 6,881.4249 6,881.4249 0.2911 1.0624 7,205.3113 5.4600e- 003 5.2200e- 003 211.6067 Total 0.4786 14.2507 4.5282 0.0633 1.9535 0.1503 2.1038 0.5364 0.1438 0.6801 1.0800e- 003 0.0575 209.9136 209.91362.0600e-003 0.2119 1.1700e- 003 0.2131 0.0564Worker 0.0847 0.0537 0.8239 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2857 1.0572 6,993.7046 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1427 0.6226 6,671.5113 6,671.51130.0613 1.7416 0.1491 1.8907 0.4799Hauling 0.3939 14.1971 3.7042 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1.9442 6,060.08361.3105 2.8786 0.0000 6,011.4777 6,011.47770.0621 3.9748 1.4245 5.3993 1.5681Total 3.3217 34.5156 28.0512 6,011.4777 6,011.4777 1.9442 6,060.0836 0.0000 Off-Road 3.3217 34.5156 28.0512 0.0621 1.4245 1.4245 1.3105 1.3105 0.0000 0.0000 1.5681 0.00003.9748 0.0000 3.9748 1.5681Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 6,581.1238 6,581.1238 0.2770 1.0156 6,890.6849 4.8800e- 003 4.8000e- 003 205.8876 Total 0.3292 11.5038 4.2438 0.0605 2.0477 0.1216 2.1693 0.5595 0.1163 0.6758 1.0200e- 003 0.0603 204.3337 204.33372.0000e-003 0.2236 1.1000e- 003 0.2247 0.0593Worker 0.0782 0.0472 0.7542 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2721 1.0108 6,684.7973 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1153 0.6155 6,376.7901 6,376.79010.0585 1.8242 0.1205 1.9447 0.5002Hauling 0.2510 11.4566 3.4896 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2,555.2099 2,555.2099 0.6079 2,570.4061 0.6079 2,570.4061 Total 1.5728 14.3849 16.2440 0.0269 0.6997 0.6997 0.6584 0.6584 0.6584 0.6584 2,555.2099 2,555.20990.0269 0.6997 0.6997Off-Road 1.5728 14.3849 16.2440 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.4 Building Construction - 2023 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 6,581.1238 6,581.1238 0.2770 1.0156 6,890.6849 4.8800e- 003 4.8000e- 003 205.8876 Total 0.3292 11.5038 4.2438 0.0605 1.9534 0.1216 2.0750 0.5364 0.1163 0.6526 1.0200e- 003 0.0574 204.3337 204.33372.0000e-003 0.2119 1.1000e- 003 0.2130 0.0564Worker 0.0782 0.0472 0.7542 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2721 1.0108 6,684.7973 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1153 0.5952 6,376.7901 6,376.79010.0585 1.7415 0.1205 1.8620 0.4799Hauling 0.2510 11.4566 3.4896 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2,555.2099 2,555.2099 0.6079 2,570.4061 0.6079 2,570.4061 Total 1.5728 14.3849 16.2440 0.0269 0.6997 0.6997 0.6584 0.6584 0.0000 0.6584 0.6584 0.0000 2,555.2099 2,555.20990.0269 0.6997 0.6997Off-Road 1.5728 14.3849 16.2440 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 1,985.6571 1,985.6571 0.0487 0.1182 2,022.0920 0.0337 0.0332 1,420.6243 Total 0.5747 1.3779 5.6457 0.0192 1.7347 0.0155 1.7503 0.4644 0.0146 0.4790 7.0100e- 003 0.4161 1,409.9026 1,409.90260.0138 1.5425 7.6200e- 003 1.5501 0.4091Worker 0.5396 0.3256 5.2041 575.7545 575.7545 0.0151 0.0850 601.4676 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0351 1.0523 0.4416 5.3700e-003 0.1922 7.9100e- 003 0.2001 0.0554 7.5600e- 003 0.0629 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 0.0168 281.86900.0708 0.0708 281.4481 281.44812.9700e-003 0.0708 0.0708Total 13.7381 1.3030 1.8111 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1917 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e-003 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 13.5465 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.5 Architectural Coating - 2023 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 1,985.6571 1,985.6571 0.0487 0.1182 2,022.0920 0.0337 0.0332 1,420.6243 Total 0.5747 1.3779 5.6457 0.0192 1.6460 0.0155 1.6616 0.4427 0.0146 0.4572 7.0100e- 003 0.3964 1,409.9026 1,409.90260.0138 1.4621 7.6200e- 003 1.4697 0.3893Worker 0.5396 0.3256 5.2041 575.7545 575.7545 0.0151 0.0850 601.4676 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0351 1.0523 0.4416 5.3700e-003 0.1840 7.9100e- 003 0.1919 0.0533 7.5600e- 003 0.0609 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 0.0168 281.86900.0708 0.0708 0.0000 281.4481 281.44812.9700e-003 0.0708 0.0708Total 13.7381 1.3030 1.8111 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1917 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e-003 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 13.5465 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 286.0672 286.0672 6.8300e- 003 6.7300e- 003 288.2426 6.8300e- 003 6.7300e- 003 288.2426 Total 0.1095 0.0661 1.0559 2.8000e-003 0.3130 1.5500e- 003 0.3145 0.0830 1.4200e- 003 0.0844 1.4200e- 003 0.0844 286.0672 286.06722.8000e-003 0.3130 1.5500e- 003 0.3145 0.0830Worker 0.1095 0.0661 1.0559 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 0.7140 2,225.43360.4694 0.4694 2,207.5841 2,207.58410.0228 0.5102 0.5102Total 1.1231 10.1917 14.5842 0.0000 0.0000 0.7140 2,225.4336 Paving 0.0904 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4694 0.4694 2,207.5841 2,207.58410.0228 0.5102 0.5102Off-Road 1.0327 10.1917 14.5842 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.6 Paving - 2023 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 286.0672 286.0672 6.8300e- 003 6.7300e- 003 288.2426 6.8300e- 003 6.7300e- 003 288.2426 Total 0.1095 0.0661 1.0559 2.8000e-003 0.2967 1.5500e- 003 0.2982 0.0790 1.4200e- 003 0.0804 1.4200e- 003 0.0804 286.0672 286.06722.8000e-003 0.2967 1.5500e- 003 0.2982 0.0790Worker 0.1095 0.0661 1.0559 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 0.7140 2,225.43360.4694 0.4694 0.0000 2,207.5841 2,207.58410.0228 0.5102 0.5102Total 1.1231 10.1917 14.5842 0.0000 0.0000 0.7140 2,225.4336 Paving 0.0904 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4694 0.4694 0.0000 2,207.5841 2,207.58410.0228 0.5102 0.5102Off-Road 1.0327 10.1917 14.5842 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 153.2503 153.2503 3.6600e- 003 3.6000e- 003 154.4157 3.6600e- 003 3.6000e- 003 154.4157 Total 0.0587 0.0354 0.5657 1.5000e-003 0.1677 8.3000e- 004 0.1685 0.0445 7.6000e- 004 0.0452 7.6000e- 004 0.0452 153.2503 153.25031.5000e-003 0.1677 8.3000e- 004 0.1685 0.0445Worker 0.0587 0.0354 0.5657 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Unmitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3,576,938Total 1,046.76 1,046.76 1,046.76 3,576,938 3,576,938 Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 Condo/Townhouse 1,046.76 1,046.76 1046.76 3,576,938 Annual VMT City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT 0.3509 7,912.9481 4.2 Trip Summary Information Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated 2.0676 7,798.4064 7,798.4064 0.39887.5529 0.0569 7.6098 2.0144 0.0532Unmitigated 3.4605 4.4432 33.8815 0.0753 7,798.4064 7,798.4064 0.3988 0.3509 7,912.9481 CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Mitigated 3.4605 4.4432 33.8815 0.0753 7.5529 0.0569 7.6098 2.0144 0.0532 2.0676 Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total 4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile 4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 153.2503 153.2503 3.6600e- 003 3.6000e- 003 154.4157 3.6600e- 003 3.6000e- 003 154.4157 Total 0.0587 0.0354 0.5657 1.5000e-003 0.1589 8.3000e- 004 0.1598 0.0423 7.6000e- 004 0.0431 7.6000e- 004 0.0431 153.2503 153.25031.5000e-003 0.1589 8.3000e- 004 0.1598 0.0423Worker 0.0587 0.0354 0.5657 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Mitigated Construction Off-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.3162 0.0186 0.0178 978.3162 NaturalGas Unmitigated 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e-003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 972.5369 972.53694.8600e-003 0.0616 0.0616NaturalGas Mitigated 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 5.0 Energy Detail Historical Energy Use: N 5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 0.000954 0.004830 Parking Lot 0.540566 0.056059 0.172680 0.136494 0.026304 0.007104 0.011680 0.017449 0.000554 0.000251 0.025076 0.000954 0.004830 0.000251 0.025076 0.000954 0.004830 Condo/Townhouse 0.540566 0.056059 0.172680 0.136494 0.026304 0.007104 0.011680 0.017449 0.000554 0.000251 0.025076 0.026304 0.007104 0.011680 0.017449 0.000554City Park 0.540566 0.056059 0.172680 0.136494 OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MHMDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD 4.4 Fleet Mix Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 0.00 0.00 0 0 0Parking Lot 16.60 8.40 6.90 0.00 19.20 40.60 86 11 3Condo/Townhouse 14.70 5.90 8.70 40.20 48.00 19.00 66 28 6City Park 16.60 8.40 6.90 33.00 H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-byLand Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W 4.3 Trip Type Information Miles Trip % Trip Purpose % CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.31620.0616 0.0616 972.53690.3242 4.8600e- 003 0.0616 0.0616Total 0.0892 0.7618 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0178 978.3162 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0616 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Condo/Townhouse 8.26656 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e- 003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 Mitigated NaturalGas Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.31620.0616 0.0616 972.53690.3242 4.8600e- 003 0.0616 0.0616Total 0.0892 0.7618 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0178 978.3162 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0616 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Condo/Townhouse 8266.56 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e- 003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas Unmitigated NaturalGas Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.54950.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.27660.0130 0.2227 0.2227Total 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 21.2766 21.2766 0.0205 21.7884 0.0476 0.0455 2,498.7612 Landscaping 0.3560 0.1360 11.8084 6.2000e-004 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.1573 0.1573 0.0000 2,484.0000 2,484.00000.0124 0.1573 0.1573Hearth 0.2277 1.9458 0.8280 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 2.8546 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating 0.2412 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.5495 6.2 Area by SubCategory Unmitigated 2,520.5495 Unmitigated 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 0.0130 0.2227 0.2227 0.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.2766 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.2766 0.0681 0.0455 CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Mitigated 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 0.0130 0.2227 0.2227 0.2227 0.2227 Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total 6.1 Mitigation Measures Area ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 6.0 Area Detail CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Install Low Flow Bathroom Faucet Install Low Flow Kitchen Faucet Install Low Flow Toilet Install Low Flow Shower Use Water Efficient Irrigation System 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.5495 7.0 Water Detail 7.1 Mitigation Measures Water 0.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.27660.0130 0.2227 0.2227Total 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 21.2766 21.2766 0.0205 21.7884 0.0476 0.0455 2,498.7612 Landscaping 0.3560 0.1360 11.8084 6.2000e-004 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.1573 0.1573 0.0000 2,484.0000 2,484.00000.0124 0.1573 0.1573Hearth 0.2277 1.9458 0.8280 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 2.8546 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating 0.2412 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:17 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Fuel Type User Defined Equipment Equipment Type Number 11.0 Vegetation Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers 10.0 Stationary Equipment Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type 8.0 Waste Detail 8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste 9.0 Operational Offroad Equipment Type Number Waste Mitigation - Grading - Vehicle Trips - According to the Traffic Study Woodstoves - Compliance with SCAQMD rule Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - SCAQMD rule compliance Water Mitigation - 0.004 1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data Project Characteristics - Land Use - Acreage and DU base on Site Plan 11/9/2021 Construction Phase - anticipated construction schedule CO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 390.98 CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 0.033 N2O Intensity (lb/MWhr) Climate Zone 10 Operational Year 2024 Utility Company Southern California Edison 409 1.2 Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Urban Wind Speed (m/s)2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days)32 Condo/Townhouse 143.00 Dwelling Unit 8.94 143,000.00 0 City Park 0.68 Acre 0.68 29,620.80 0 Parking Lot 153.00 Space 1.38 61,200.00 Fontana Sobrato San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter 1.0 Project Characteristics 1.1 Land Usage Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.2345 1.0634 13,250.778 3 1.6481 11.6404 0.0000 12,878.0208 12,878.020 8 0.1253 19.8582 1.7854 21.4718 10.1558Maximum 17.1484 53.8062 38.7124 12,583.0112 12,583.011 2 2.2203 1.0172 12,941.654 2 2.2345 1.0634 13,250.778 3 2023 17.1484 46.6424 38.7124 0.1225 11.3455 1.5463 12.8918 4.2275 1.4270 5.6545 0.0000 1.6481 11.6404 0.0000 12,878.0208 12,878.020 8 0.1253 19.8582 1.7854 21.4718 10.15582022 4.0839 53.8062 33.5062 N2O CO2e Year lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 2.1 Overall Construction (Maximum Daily Emission) Unmitigated Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 tblWoodstoves NumberNoncatalytic 6.90 0.00 2.0 Emissions Summary tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 0.78 0.00 tblWoodstoves NumberCatalytic 6.90 0.00 tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 2.19 0.00 tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 6.28 7.32 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 1.96 0.00 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 8.14 7.32 tblFireplaces NumberWood 6.90 0.00 tblGrading MaterialExported 0.00 50,000.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 40.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 10.00 15.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 300.00 200.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 30.00 60.00 tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed 0 15 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 65.00 tblConstDustMitigation CleanPavedRoadPercentReduction 0 6 tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadMoistureContent 0 12 Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 10,713.3949 10,713.394 9 0.4948 0.4230 10,851.811 1 0.4080 0.3596 7,352.9454 Total 6.7862 7.5629 43.2060 0.0877 7.5529 0.3412 7.8942 2.0144 0.3376 2.3520 0.0000 0.0533 2.0677 7,235.5814 7,235.58140.0698 7.5529 0.0569 7.6098 2.0144Mobile 3.0175 4.7193 30.2455 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.3162 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.5495 Energy 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e-003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.27660.0130 0.2227 0.2227Area 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 2.2 Overall Operational Unmitigated Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.46 0.00 48.54 54.99 0.00 45.73 0.00 2.2345 1.0634 13,250.778 3 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 1.6481 5.8541 0.0000 12,878.0208 12,878.020 8 0.1253 8.5941 1.7854 10.2077 4.3696Maximum 17.1484 53.8062 38.7124 12,583.0112 12,583.011 2 2.2203 1.0172 12,941.654 2 2.2345 1.0634 13,250.778 3 2023 17.1484 46.6424 38.7124 0.1225 5.9282 1.5463 7.4745 2.1044 1.4270 3.5314 0.0000 1.6481 5.8541 0.0000 12,878.0208 12,878.020 8 0.1253 8.5941 1.7854 10.2077 4.36962022 4.0839 53.8062 33.5062 CH4 N2O CO2e Year lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO Mitigated Construction CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 5 65 5 Paving Paving 11/1/2023 12/26/2023 5 40 4 Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 10/1/2023 12/29/2023 5 60 3 Building Construction Building Construction 3/16/2023 12/20/2023 5 200 2 Grading Grading 12/22/2022 3/15/2023 Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Site Preparation Site Preparation 12/1/2022 12/21/2022 5 15 Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.0 Construction Detail Construction Phase N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 ROG NOx CO SO2 10,713.3949 10,713.394 9 0.4948 0.4230 10,851.811 1 0.4080 0.3596 7,352.9454 Total 6.7862 7.5629 43.2060 0.0877 7.5529 0.3412 7.8942 2.0144 0.3376 2.3520 0.0000 0.0533 2.0677 7,235.5814 7,235.58140.0698 7.5529 0.0569 7.6098 2.0144Mobile 3.0175 4.7193 30.2455 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.3162 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.5495 Energy 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e-003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.27660.0130 0.2227 0.2227Area 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied HHDT Architectural Coating 1 28.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_MixPaving 6 15.00 0.00 0.00 HHDT Building Construction 9 138.00 30.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_MixGrading 8 20.00 0.00 6,250.00 Hauling Vehicle Class Site Preparation 7 18.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 0.48 Trips and VMT Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 78 0.36 Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38 Paving Paving Equipment 2 8.00 132 0.45 Paving Pavers 2 8.00 130 0.42 Building Construction Welders 1 8.00 46 0.74 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7.00 97 0.37 Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 84 0.29 Building Construction Forklifts 3 8.00 89 0.20 Building Construction Cranes 1 7.00 231 0.48 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8.00 97 0.37 Grading Scrapers 2 8.00 367 0.41 Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40 Grading Graders 1 8.00 187 0.37 Grading Excavators 2 8.00 158 0.38 Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8.00 97 Load Factor Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8.00 247 0.40 Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 22.5 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 180 Acres of Paving: 1.38 Residential Indoor: 279,450; Residential Outdoor: 93,150; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 3,672 OffRoad Equipment CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 171.1060 171.1060 4.9000e- 003 4.8500e-003 172.6750 4.9000e- 003 4.8500e-003 172.6750 Total 0.0732 0.0508 0.6091 1.6800e-003 0.2012 1.0600e- 003 0.2023 0.0534 9.7000e- 004 0.0543 9.7000e- 004 0.0543 171.1060 171.10601.6800e-003 0.2012 1.0600e- 003 0.2023 0.0534Worker 0.0732 0.0508 0.6091 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 3,686.0619 3,686.0619 1.1922 3,715.8655 1.1922 3,715.8655 Total 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.0380 19.6570 1.6126 21.2696 10.1025 1.4836 11.5860 1.4836 1.4836 3,686.0619 3,686.06190.0380 1.6126 1.6126Off-Road 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.0000 0.0000 Category lb/day lb/day Fugitive Dust 19.6570 0.0000 19.6570 10.1025 0.0000 10.1025 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Clean Paved Roads 3.2 Site Preparation - 2022 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Replace Ground Cover Water Exposed Area Water Unpaved Roads Reduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 171.1060 171.1060 4.9000e- 003 4.8500e-003 172.6750 4.9000e- 003 4.8500e-003 172.6750 Total 0.0732 0.0508 0.6091 1.6800e-003 0.1907 1.0600e- 003 0.1918 0.0508 9.7000e- 004 0.0518 9.7000e- 004 0.0518 171.1060 171.10601.6800e-003 0.1907 1.0600e- 003 0.1918 0.0508Worker 0.0732 0.0508 0.6091 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 1.1922 3,715.8655 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 1.4836 5.8024 0.0000 3,686.0619 3,686.06190.0380 8.4034 1.6126 10.0159 4.3188Total 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 3,686.0619 3,686.0619 1.1922 3,715.8655 0.0000 Off-Road 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.0380 1.6126 1.6126 1.4836 1.4836 0.0000 0.0000 4.3188 0.00008.4034 0.0000 8.4034 4.3188Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 6,866.6102 6,866.6102 0.2903 1.0634 7,190.7625 5.4400e- 003 5.3900e-003 191.8611 Total 0.4591 14.9627 4.4647 0.0632 2.0478 0.1505 2.1983 0.5595 0.1440 0.7035 1.0800e- 003 0.0604 190.1178 190.11781.8700e-003 0.2236 1.1700e- 003 0.2247 0.0593Worker 0.0814 0.0564 0.6768 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2849 1.0580 6,998.9014 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1429 0.6431 6,676.4924 6,676.49240.0613 1.8242 0.1494 1.9736 0.5002Hauling 0.3777 14.9063 3.7879 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 1.9442 6,060.0158 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site 1.5041 5.1721 6,011.4105 6,011.41050.0621 9.2978 1.6349 10.9327 3.6680Total 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 6,011.4105 6,011.4105 1.9442 6,060.0158 0.0000 Off-Road 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 0.0621 1.6349 1.6349 1.5041 1.5041 0.0000 3.6680 0.00009.2978 0.0000 9.2978 3.6680Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.3 Grading - 2022 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 6,866.6102 6,866.6102 0.2903 1.0634 7,190.7625 5.4400e- 003 5.3900e-003 191.8611 Total 0.4591 14.9627 4.4647 0.0632 1.9535 0.1505 2.1040 0.5364 0.1440 0.6803 1.0800e- 003 0.0575 190.1178 190.11781.8700e-003 0.2119 1.1700e- 003 0.2131 0.0564Worker 0.0814 0.0564 0.6768 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2849 1.0580 6,998.9014 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1429 0.6228 6,676.4924 6,676.49240.0613 1.7416 0.1494 1.8909 0.4799Hauling 0.3777 14.9063 3.7879 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 1.9442 6,060.0158 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 1.5041 3.0722 0.0000 6,011.4105 6,011.41050.0621 3.9748 1.6349 5.6097 1.5681Total 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 6,011.4105 6,011.4105 1.9442 6,060.0158 0.0000 Off-Road 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 0.0621 1.6349 1.6349 1.5041 1.5041 0.0000 0.0000 1.5681 0.00003.9748 0.0000 3.9748 1.5681Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 6,571.5335 6,571.5335 0.2760 1.0172 6,881.5706 4.8900e- 003 4.9600e-003 186.7212 Total 0.3074 12.1268 4.1733 0.0604 2.0477 0.1218 2.1695 0.5595 0.1165 0.6760 1.0200e- 003 0.0603 185.1212 185.12121.8100e-003 0.2236 1.1000e- 003 0.2247 0.0593Worker 0.0753 0.0496 0.6208 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2711 1.0123 6,694.8494 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1155 0.6157 6,386.4123 6,386.41230.0586 1.8242 0.1207 1.9449 0.5002Hauling 0.2321 12.0772 3.5526 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 1.9442 6,060.0836 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site 1.3105 4.9786 6,011.4777 6,011.47770.0621 9.2978 1.4245 10.7223 3.6680Total 3.3217 34.5156 28.0512 6,011.4777 6,011.4777 1.9442 6,060.0836 0.0000 Off-Road 3.3217 34.5156 28.0512 0.0621 1.4245 1.4245 1.3105 1.3105 0.0000 3.6680 0.00009.2978 0.0000 9.2978 3.6680Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.3 Grading - 2023 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 6,571.5335 6,571.5335 0.2760 1.0172 6,881.5706 4.8900e- 003 4.9600e-003 186.7212 Total 0.3074 12.1268 4.1733 0.0604 1.9534 0.1218 2.0752 0.5364 0.1165 0.6528 1.0200e- 003 0.0574 185.1212 185.12121.8100e-003 0.2119 1.1000e- 003 0.2130 0.0564Worker 0.0753 0.0496 0.6208 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2711 1.0123 6,694.8494 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1155 0.5954 6,386.4123 6,386.41230.0586 1.7415 0.1207 1.8622 0.4799Hauling 0.2321 12.0772 3.5526 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 1.9442 6,060.0836 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 1.3105 2.8786 0.0000 6,011.4777 6,011.47770.0621 3.9748 1.4245 5.3993 1.5681Total 3.3217 34.5156 28.0512 6,011.4777 6,011.4777 1.9442 6,060.0836 0.0000 Off-Road 3.3217 34.5156 28.0512 0.0621 1.4245 1.4245 1.3105 1.3105 0.0000 0.0000 1.5681 0.00003.9748 0.0000 3.9748 1.5681Fugitive Dust N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1,854.4867 1,854.4867 0.0487 0.1195 1,891.3159 0.0337 0.0342 1,288.3763 Total 0.5525 1.4538 4.7384 0.0179 1.7347 0.0156 1.7503 0.4644 0.0146 0.4790 7.0100e- 003 0.4161 1,277.3359 1,277.33590.0125 1.5425 7.6200e- 003 1.5501 0.4091Worker 0.5198 0.3424 4.2833 577.1508 577.1508 0.0149 0.0853 602.9396 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0327 1.1115 0.4552 5.3800e-003 0.1922 7.9400e- 003 0.2001 0.0554 7.6000e- 003 0.0629 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 2,555.2099 2,555.2099 0.6079 2,570.4061 0.6079 2,570.4061 Total 1.5728 14.3849 16.2440 0.0269 0.6997 0.6997 0.6584 0.6584 0.6584 0.6584 2,555.2099 2,555.20990.0269 0.6997 0.6997Off-Road 1.5728 14.3849 16.2440 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.4 Building Construction - 2023 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 1,854.4867 1,854.4867 0.0487 0.1195 1,891.3159 0.0337 0.0342 1,288.3763 Total 0.5525 1.4538 4.7384 0.0179 1.6460 0.0156 1.6616 0.4427 0.0146 0.4573 7.0100e- 003 0.3964 1,277.3359 1,277.33590.0125 1.4621 7.6200e- 003 1.4697 0.3893Worker 0.5198 0.3424 4.2833 577.1508 577.1508 0.0149 0.0853 602.9396 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0327 1.1115 0.4552 5.3800e-003 0.1840 7.9400e- 003 0.1919 0.0533 7.6000e- 003 0.0609 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 2,555.2099 2,555.2099 0.6079 2,570.4061 0.6079 2,570.4061 Total 1.5728 14.3849 16.2440 0.0269 0.6997 0.6997 0.6584 0.6584 0.0000 0.6584 0.6584 0.0000 2,555.2099 2,555.20990.0269 0.6997 0.6997Off-Road 1.5728 14.3849 16.2440 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 259.1696 259.1696 6.8400e- 003 6.9400e-003 261.4097 6.8400e- 003 6.9400e-003 261.4097 Total 0.1055 0.0695 0.8691 2.5300e-003 0.3130 1.5500e- 003 0.3145 0.0830 1.4200e- 003 0.0844 1.4200e- 003 0.0844 259.1696 259.16962.5300e-003 0.3130 1.5500e- 003 0.3145 0.0830Worker 0.1055 0.0695 0.8691 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 0.0168 281.8690 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site 0.0708 0.0708 281.4481 281.44812.9700e-003 0.0708 0.0708Total 13.7381 1.3030 1.8111 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1917 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e-003 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 13.5465 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.5 Architectural Coating - 2023 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 259.1696 259.1696 6.8400e- 003 6.9400e-003 261.4097 6.8400e- 003 6.9400e-003 261.4097 Total 0.1055 0.0695 0.8691 2.5300e-003 0.2967 1.5500e- 003 0.2982 0.0790 1.4200e- 003 0.0804 1.4200e- 003 0.0804 259.1696 259.16962.5300e-003 0.2967 1.5500e- 003 0.2982 0.0790Worker 0.1055 0.0695 0.8691 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 0.0168 281.8690 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 0.0708 0.0708 0.0000 281.4481 281.44812.9700e-003 0.0708 0.0708Total 13.7381 1.3030 1.8111 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1917 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e-003 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 13.5465 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 138.8409 138.8409 3.6600e- 003 3.7200e-003 140.0409 3.6600e- 003 3.7200e-003 140.0409 Total 0.0565 0.0372 0.4656 1.3600e-003 0.1677 8.3000e- 004 0.1685 0.0445 7.6000e- 004 0.0452 7.6000e- 004 0.0452 138.8409 138.84091.3600e-003 0.1677 8.3000e- 004 0.1685 0.0445Worker 0.0565 0.0372 0.4656 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 0.7140 2,225.4336 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site 0.4694 0.4694 2,207.5841 2,207.58410.0228 0.5102 0.5102Total 1.1231 10.1917 14.5842 0.0000 0.0000 0.7140 2,225.4336 Paving 0.0904 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4694 0.4694 2,207.5841 2,207.58410.0228 0.5102 0.5102Off-Road 1.0327 10.1917 14.5842 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 3.6 Paving - 2023 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 138.8409 138.8409 3.6600e- 003 3.7200e-003 140.0409 3.6600e- 003 3.7200e-003 140.0409 Total 0.0565 0.0372 0.4656 1.3600e-003 0.1589 8.3000e- 004 0.1598 0.0423 7.6000e- 004 0.0431 7.6000e- 004 0.0431 138.8409 138.84091.3600e-003 0.1589 8.3000e- 004 0.1598 0.0423Worker 0.0565 0.0372 0.4656 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 0.7140 2,225.4336 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 0.4694 0.4694 0.0000 2,207.5841 2,207.58410.0228 0.5102 0.5102Total 1.1231 10.1917 14.5842 0.0000 0.0000 0.7140 2,225.4336 Paving 0.0904 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4694 0.4694 0.0000 2,207.5841 2,207.58410.0228 0.5102 0.5102Off-Road 1.0327 10.1917 14.5842 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 0.000954 0.004830 Parking Lot 0.540566 0.056059 0.172680 0.136494 0.026304 0.007104 0.011680 0.017449 0.000554 0.000251 0.025076 0.000954 0.004830 0.000251 0.025076 0.000954 0.004830 Condo/Townhouse 0.540566 0.056059 0.172680 0.136494 0.026304 0.007104 0.011680 0.017449 0.000554 0.000251 0.025076 0.026304 0.007104 0.011680 0.017449 0.000554City Park 0.540566 0.056059 0.172680 0.136494 OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MHMDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD 4.4 Fleet Mix Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 0.00 0.00 0 0 0Parking Lot 16.60 8.40 6.90 0.00 19.20 40.60 86 11 3Condo/Townhouse 14.70 5.90 8.70 40.20 48.00 19.00 66 28 6City Park 16.60 8.40 6.90 33.00 H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-byLand Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W 3,576,938 4.3 Trip Type Information Miles Trip % Trip Purpose % Total 1,046.76 1,046.76 1,046.76 3,576,938 3,576,938 Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 Condo/Townhouse 1,046.76 1,046.76 1046.76 3,576,938 Annual VMT City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT 0.3596 7,352.9454 4.2 Trip Summary Information Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated 2.0677 7,235.5814 7,235.5814 0.40807.5529 0.0569 7.6098 2.0144 0.0533Unmitigated 3.0175 4.7193 30.2455 0.0698 7,235.5814 7,235.5814 0.4080 0.3596 7,352.9454 CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Mitigated 3.0175 4.7193 30.2455 0.0698 7.5529 0.0569 7.6098 2.0144 0.0533 2.0677 Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total 4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile 4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.31620.0616 0.0616 972.53690.3242 4.8600e- 003 0.0616 0.0616Total 0.0892 0.7618 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0178 978.3162 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0616 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Condo/Townhouse 8266.56 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e- 003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas Unmitigated NaturalGas Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.3162 0.0186 0.0178 978.3162 NaturalGas Unmitigated 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e-003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 972.5369 972.53694.8600e-003 0.0616 0.0616NaturalGas Mitigated 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 5.0 Energy Detail Historical Energy Use: N 5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.5495 2,520.5495 Unmitigated 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 0.0130 0.2227 0.2227 0.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.2766 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.2766 0.0681 0.0455 CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Mitigated 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 0.0130 0.2227 0.2227 0.2227 0.2227 Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total 6.1 Mitigation Measures Area ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 972.5369 0.0186 0.0178 978.3162 6.0 Area Detail 0.0616 0.0616 972.53690.3242 4.8600e- 003 0.0616 0.0616Total 0.0892 0.7618 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0178 978.3162 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0616 972.5369 972.5369 0.0186 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Condo/Townhouse 8.26656 0.0892 0.7618 0.3242 4.8600e- 003 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 Mitigated NaturalGas Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.54950.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.27660.0130 0.2227 0.2227Total 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 21.2766 21.2766 0.0205 21.7884 0.0476 0.0455 2,498.7612 Landscaping 0.3560 0.1360 11.8084 6.2000e-004 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.1573 0.1573 0.0000 2,484.0000 2,484.00000.0124 0.1573 0.1573Hearth 0.2277 1.9458 0.8280 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 2.8546 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating 0.2412 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 0.0681 0.0455 2,520.5495 Mitigated 0.2227 0.2227 0.0000 2,505.2766 2,505.27660.0130 0.2227 0.2227Total 3.6796 2.0818 12.6364 21.2766 21.2766 0.0205 21.7884 0.0476 0.0455 2,498.7612 Landscaping 0.3560 0.1360 11.8084 6.2000e-004 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.1573 0.1573 0.0000 2,484.0000 2,484.00000.0124 0.1573 0.1573Hearth 0.2277 1.9458 0.8280 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 2.8546 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating 0.2412 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory lb/day lb/day Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 ROG NOx CO 6.2 Area by SubCategory Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 1 Date: 12/15/2021 9:22 AM Fontana Sobrato - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Fuel Type User Defined Equipment Equipment Type Number 11.0 Vegetation Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers 10.0 Stationary Equipment Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type 8.0 Waste Detail 8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste 9.0 Operational Offroad Equipment Type Number Install Low Flow Bathroom Faucet Install Low Flow Kitchen Faucet Install Low Flow Toilet Install Low Flow Shower Use Water Efficient Irrigation System 7.0 Water Detail 7.1 Mitigation Measures Water