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Home My WebLink AboutAppendix C_Cultural ReportJanuary 2023 CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT PUBLIC S TORA GE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA January 2023 CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: Aaron Anderson Public Storage 701 Western Avenue Glendale, California 91201 Prepared by: Riordan Goodwin, RA LSA Associates, Inc. 1500 Iowa Avenue, Suite 200 Riverside, California 92507 (951)781-9310 LSA Project No. PUB2202 National Archaeological Database Information: Type of Study: Reconnaissance Survey Sites Recorded: None USGS 7.5' Quadrangle: Fontana, California Acreage: ~5.3 acres Keywords: Phase I, negative results, no monitoring recommended. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) i MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Public Storage retained LSA to conduct a cultural resources assessment for the Public Storage Redevelopment Project in Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. This cultural resources assessment was completed pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). A cultural resources records search, additional research, and a field survey were conducted for the project area. No cultural resources are documented within the project parcel, and none were identified within the unpaved/developed portion by the survey. No prehistoric resources were documented within a mile, and sensitivity for in situ undocumented subsurface resources is low. Therefore, no further investigation or archaeological monitoring is recommended. In the event previously undocumented archaeological resources are identified during earthmoving activities, further work in the area should be halted until the nature and significance of the find can be assessed by a qualified archaeologist. If human remains are encountered, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to State Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be Native American, the County Coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection and make recommendations or preferences for treatment within 48 hours of being granted access to the site. The MLD recommendations may include scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials, preservation of Native American human remains and associated items in place, relinquishment of Native American human remains and associated items to the descendants for treatment, or any other culturally appropriate treatment. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) ii TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. iii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .......................................................................................... I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 NATURAL SETTING ...................................................................................................... 3 Climate and Watershed ................................................................................................................. 3 Biology ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Geology ......................................................................................................................................... 3 CULTURAL SETTING ..................................................................................................... 4 Prehistory ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Ethnography .................................................................................................................................. 4 Cahuilla ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Gabrielino ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Serrano ............................................................................................................................................... 5 History ........................................................................................................................................... 6 San Bernardino County ....................................................................................................................... 6 Fontana ............................................................................................................................................... 6 METHODS ................................................................................................................... 8 Record Search ................................................................................................................................ 8 Additional Research ...................................................................................................................... 8 Sacred Lands File Search ............................................................................................................... 8 Field Survey ................................................................................................................................... 8 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 9 Record Search ................................................................................................................................ 9 Additional Research ...................................................................................................................... 9 Sacred Lands File Search ............................................................................................................... 9 Field Survey ................................................................................................................................... 9 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................ 10 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 11 APPENDICES A: RECORD SEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY B: SACRED LANDS FILE SEARCH RESULTS CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) iii FIGURES AND TABLES FIGURES Figure 1: Project Regional and Project Location .................................................................................... 2 TABLES Table A: Cultural Resources Within 1 Mile ............................................................................................. 9 CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 1 INTRODUCTION LSA was retained by Public Storage to conduct a cultural resources assessment for the proposed Public Storage Redevelopment Project in the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. This assessment was completed pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), Public Resources Code Chapter 2.6, Section 21083.2, and California Code of Regulations Title 14, Chapter 3, Article 5, Section 15064.5. The research and field surveys were conducted to determine whether the proposed project could adversely affect any resources considered historical resources per CEQA. The project area (Assessor’s Parcel Numbers [APN] 0194-351-12, -16, 0251-211-22) is at 17173 Valley Boulevard between Sierra Avenue and Palmetto Avenue. The project is depicted on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Fontana, California topographic quadrangle map in Township 1 South, Range 5 West in Section 20, San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian (USGS 1980; Figure 1). The project area is a currently developed 5.3-acre lot (office and industrial/warehouse). The proposed project will demolish 18,272 square feet (sf) of office and industrial/warehouse within four buildings on site and construct a three-story self-storage facility (109,566 sf) and new office space (1,257 sf). 304.80 SOURCE: USGS 7.5' Quad - Fontana (1980), CA I:\PUB2201\GIS\MXD\ProjLoc_USGS.mxd (10/18/2022) FIGURE 1 Public Storage Redevelopment Project Project Location and Vicinity 0 1000 2000 FEET LEGEND Project Location SanBernardinoCounty RiversideCounty ÃÃ330 ÃÃ38 ÃÃ71 ÃÃ18 ÃÃ173 ÃÃ210 ÃÃ60 ÃÃ91 Project Location §¨¦15 §¨¦215 §¨¦10 Project Vicinity CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 3 NATURAL SETTING CLIMATE AND WATERSHED The project region is characterized by a temperate climate, with dry, hot summers and moderate winters. Rainfall ranges from 12 to 16 inches annually (Beck and Haase 1974). Precipitation usually occurs in the form of winter rain, with warm monsoonal showers in summer. The project area is approximately 1.5 miles east of the former course of East Etiwanda Creek (prior to channelization), which drains south. BIOLOGY At an average elevation of approximately 1,260 feet, the project is within the Lower Sonoran Life Zone of California (Schoenherr 1992), which ranges from below sea level to 3,500 feet in elevation. Species such as datura, foxtail brome, mustard, along with xeric grasses were noted on the property. Extensive fauna are known locally, including many endemic species of reptiles, birds, and insects. GEOLOGY The project area is located at the northern end of the Peninsular Ranges Geomorphic Province, a 900-mile-long northwest-southeast trending structural block that extends from the Transverse Ranges to the tip of Baja California and includes the Los Angeles Basin (California Geological Survey 2002; Norris and Webb 1976). The province is approximately 225 miles wide, extending from the Colorado Desert in the east, across the continental shelf to the Southern Channel Islands (Santa Barbara, San Nicolas, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente) in the west (Sharp 1976). This region is characterized by a series of mountain ranges separated by northwest-trending valleys subparallel to faults branching from the San Andreas Fault. The geology of this province is similar to that of the Sierra Nevada, with numerous rock outcroppings useful to the Native Americans for resource milling, shelter, and ceremonial art. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 4 CULTURAL SETTING PREHISTORY Chronologies of prehistoric cultural change in Southern California have been attempted numerous times, and several are reviewed in Moratto (2004). No single description is universally accepted as the various chronologies are based primarily on material developments identified by researchers familiar with sites in a particular region and variation exists essentially due to the differences in those items found at the sites. Small differences occur over time and space, which combine to form patterns that are variously interpreted. Currently, two primary regional culture chronology syntheses are commonly referenced in the archaeological literature. The first, Wallace (1955), describes four cultural horizons or time periods: Horizon I – Early Man (9000–6000 BC), Horizon II – Milling Stone Assemblages (6000–3000 BC), Horizon III – Intermediate Cultures (3000 BC–AD 500), and Horizon IV – Late Prehistoric Cultures (AD 500–historic contact). This chronology was refined (Wallace 1978) using absolute chronological dates obtained after 1955. The second cultural chronology (Warren 1968) is based broadly on Southern California prehistoric cultures and was also revised (Warren 1984; Warren and Crabtree 1986). Warren’s (1984) chronology includes five periods in prehistory: Lake Mojave (7000–5000 BC), Pinto (5000–2000 BC), Gypsum (2000 BC–AD 500), Saratoga Springs (AD 500–1200), and Protohistoric (AD 1200–historic contact). Changes in settlement pattern and subsistence focus are viewed as cultural adaptations to a changing environment, which begins with gradual environmental warming in the late Pleistocene, continues with the desiccation of the desert lakes, followed by a brief return to pluvial conditions, and concludes with a general warming and drying trend, with periodic reversals that continue to the present (Warren and Crabtree 1986). ETHNOGRAPHY The project area is near the intersection of the traditional cultural territories of the Cahuilla, Gabrielino, and Serrano (Kroeber 1925; Heizer 1968). Tribal territories were somewhat fluid and changed over time. The first written accounts of these Southern California tribes are attributed to the mission fathers, and later documentation was by others as indicated below. Cahuilla The territory of the Cahuilla ranged from the San Bernardino Mountains south to Borrego Springs and the Chocolate Mountains, from Orocopia Mountain to the east, to the San Jacinto Plain and Palomar Mountain to the west (Bean 1978). Cahuilla territory lies within the geographic center of Southern California and encompassed diverse environments ranging from inland river valleys and foothills to mountains and desert (Bean and Shipek 1978). Cahuilla villages, generally located near water sources within canyons or near alluvial fans, comprised groups of related individuals, generally from a single lineage, and the territory around the village was owned by the villagers (Bean 1978). Like other Native American groups in Southern CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 5 California, the Cahuilla were semi-nomadic peoples leaving their villages and utilizing temporary campsites to exploit seasonably available plant and animal resources (James 1960). Cahuilla subsistence was based primarily on acorns, honey mesquite, screw beans, piñon nuts, and cactus fruit, supplemented by a variety of wild fruits and berries, tubers, roots, and greens (Kroeber 1925; Heizer and Elsasser 1980). Hunting deer, rabbit, antelope, bighorn sheep, reptiles, small rodents, quail, doves, ducks, and reptiles by means of bows, throwing sticks, traps, and communal drives is documented (James 1960). The Cahuilla were documented by Barrows (1900), Hooper (1920), and Strong (1929) among others. Gabrielino The territory of the Gabrielino included portions of Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino Counties during ethnohistoric times, and also extended inland into northwestern Riverside County (Kroeber 1925; Heizer 1968). It encompassed an extremely diverse environment that included coastal beaches, lagoons and marshes, inland river valleys, foothills and mountains (Bean and Shipek 1978). The Gabrielino caught and collected seasonally available food resources, and led a semi-sedentary lifestyle, living in permanent communities along inland watercourses and coastal estuaries. Individuals from these villages took advantage of the varied resources available. Seasonally, as foods became available, native groups moved to temporary camps to collect plant foods such as acorns, buckwheat, chía, berries, and fruits, and to conduct communal rabbit and deer hunts. They also established seasonal camps along the coast and near bays and estuaries to gather shellfish and hunt waterfowl (Hudson 1971). The Gabrielino lived in small communities, which were the focus of family life. Patrilineally linked, extended families occupied each village (Kroeber 1925; Bean and Smith 1978a). Both clans and villages were apparently exogamous, marrying individuals from outside the clan or village (Heizer 1968). Gabrielino villages were politically independent and were administered by a chief, who inherited his position from his father. Shamans guided religious and medical activities, while group hunting or fishing was supervised by individual male specialists (Bean and Smith 1978a). The nearest historically known Native American community was the Gabrielino community of Horuuvunga (also known to the Serrano as Jurupet and described to Alfred Kroeber as Hurumpa) located approximately 7 miles south of the project area somewhere in the Jurupa Valley (Kroeber 1925; Kirkman 1938; McCawley 1996). The Gabrielino were described by Johnston (1962), Blackburn (1962–1963), Hudson (1971), and others. Serrano The Serrano lived in the area generally north of Cahuilla territory (western Riverside County), occupying much of present-day San Bernardino County and northeastern Los Angeles County, but CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 6 there is some overlap in the ancestral areas. The term Serrano is Spanish for “mountaineer” or “highlander” and is derived from sierra, meaning “mountain range” and was given to people who inhabited the areas of the San Bernardino Mountains that had no associated mission (Bean and Smith 1978b). The Serrano culture group actually incorporates two divisions, a mountain division (referred to as the Mountain Serrano) and a desert division, referred to as the Desert Serrano (Sutton and Earle 2017). The Serrano were hunter-gatherers who exploited whatever flora was available in the area they happened to be, generally it was acorns, pinion nuts, honey, mesquite, yucca, and cactus fruits, in addition to various seeds, bulbs, and roots. Plants were consumed both raw and cooked. Food processing involved the use of manos, metates, mortars, and pestles. Antelope, deer, mountain sheep, rabbits, and rodents were hunted and captured, and the most common hunting implements were the bow and arrow, throwing stick, traps, snares, and deadfalls. Meat was prepared in earth ovens, by boiling in watertight baskets, or by parching (Bean and Smith 1978b). The Serrano had a patrilineal society composed of clans and families linked by both ancestry and ceremony, and most lived in small communities near reliable sources of water (springs, perennial seeps, streams, and small lakes) (Benedict 1924). The basic settlement unit of the Serrano was a village with a number of small satellite resource-gathering camps. The Serrano were described by Benedict (1924), Bright (1975), Strong (1929), and others. HISTORY In California, the historic era is generally divided into three periods: the Spanish Period (1769 to 1821), the Mexican Period (1821 to 1848), and the American Period (1848 to present). As there were no resources within the project area, the historic context will focus on the County and the local community. San Bernardino County San Bernardino County was created in 1853 from portions of Los Angeles and San Diego Counties due to mineral wealth, and the City of San Bernardino was incorporated as the County Seat the following year. Gold was discovered in Holcomb and Bear Valleys in the San Bernardino Mountains in 1860, and placer mining began in Lytle Creek. Silver was mined at Ivanpah in 1870 and the silver mines of the Calico district were developed in the 1880s. Borax was first discovered in 1862 in the Searles Dry Lake area near Trona (Hoover et al. 1990). Agriculture ultimately replaced mining as the County’s economic base, with thousands of acres under cultivation by the beginning of World War I (McGroarty 1914). Fontana The area that would later become Fontana was part of a land grant to Don Antonio Maria Lugo from the Spanish Governor of California (Pio Pico) in 1813. Lugo’s sons sold a portion of the land (including part of what is now Fontana) to a group of Mormon settlers in 1851 (Richards 1966), and the Semi-Tropical Land & Water Company subsequently acquired the Fontana portion of the Rancho and laid out a townsite in 1887 (Gudde 1998). In the early 1900s, the Fontana Development CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 7 Company acquired the land and established a community called Rosena, changed to Fontana in 1913 (Gudde 1998). Fontana was selected as the site for the Kaiser Company’s steel mill in 1942 and was incorporated 10 years later with a population of 13,695 as southern California’s leading producer of steel and related products (Goodwin 2003). The steel industry dominated the City’s economy until the late 1970s, when Kaiser Steel began to reduce production and manpower, and the mill was closed in 1983 (Goodwin 2003). The plate steel and rolling mill plant was subsequently acquired by California Steel Company, which continues to produce steel products. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 8 METHODS RECORD SEARCH On December 6, 2022, the cultural resources record search was completed for the project area by the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) at California State University, Fullerton. It included a review of all recorded historic and prehistoric archaeological sites within 1 mile of the project, as well as a review of known cultural resource reports. Appendix A contains the records search bibliography. ADDITIONAL RESEARCH In November 2022, Senior Cultural Resources Manager/Archaeologist Riordan Goodwin reviewed the Built Environment Resource Directory (BERD) along with LSA project files, online historic period maps, and aerial photographs. SACRED LANDS FILE SEARCH LSA contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on October 20, 2022, and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search for the Project area. FIELD SURVEY On November 30, 2022, LSA Archaeological Technician Anna Resek surveyed the unpaved/developed portion of the project area (0.5 acre of APN 0194-351-16) by walking transects spaced approximately 10 meters (33 feet) apart, with particular attention given to exposed areas and rodent dirt apron for cultural residues. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 9 RESULTS RECORD SEARCH Data from the SCCIC indicate there have been 14 cultural resource studies previously conducted within 1 mile of the proposed project, none of which included any portion of the project area. Although no cultural resources are documented within the project area, one historic period archaeological site (36-010330) and six built environment resources are recorded within 1 mile (Table A). The nearest (36-014467, a hospital property) is across the street from the project site. Only one of the resources is listed in the BERD (36-020000). No prehistoric resources are documented within 1 mile. Table A: Cultural Resources Within 1 Mile Primary # Trinomial # Site Description Status Codes 36-010330 CA-SBR-10330/H Historic period railroad route (Southern Pacific) c. 1880s — 36-011567 CA-SBR-11567/H Historic period foundations and associated landscaping — 36-014467 CA-SBR-14467/H 9961 Sierra Avenue (c. 1954 hospital complex) 6Z 36-020000 17363 San Bernardino Avenue (c. 1926 residence) 6Y 36-023576 9693 Alder Avenue (c. 1948 commercial building) — 36-034524 16593 Slover Avenue (c. 1949 residence) — 36-034525 34525 Slover Avenue (c. 1947 residence) — ADDITIONAL RESEARCH Online research revealed that there were never any buildings or structures within the project area during the historic period, and the eucalyptus trees were not part of a windrow (HistoricAerials.com 2021). SACRED LANDS FILE SEARCH On November 23, 2022, the NAHC responded with positive results for the SLF search and a list of tribes and individuals designated for consultation. LSA forwarded the results to the City on the same day (Appendix B). FIELD SURVEY Ms. Resek conducted the pedestrian survey of the unpaved area of the project where ground visibility was fair at approximately 50 percent with some obstruction of the surface by vegetation. The project area is not graded and appears sightly disturbed by weed-abatement activities. Modern refuse was noted in throughout the project area. Vegetation observed included ruderal grass eucalyptus, wild cucumber, and annual sunflower. No cultural resources were identified. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 10 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A cultural resources records search, additional research, and a field survey were conducted for the project area. No cultural resources are documented within the project parcels, and none was identified within the unpaved/developed portion by the survey. No prehistoric resources were documented within 1 mile, and sensitivity for in situ undocumented subsurface resources is low. Therefore, no further investigation or archaeological monitoring is recommended. In the event previously undocumented archaeological resources are identified during earthmoving activities, further work in the area should be halted until the nature and significance of the find can be assessed by a qualified archaeologist. In the event human remains are encountered, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5. states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to State Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be Native American, the County Coroner will notify the NAHC, which will determine and notify an MLD. With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection and make recommendations or preferences for treatment within 48 hours of being granted access to the site. The MLD recommendations may include scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials, preservation of Native American human remains and associated items in place, relinquishment of Native American human remains and associated items to the descendants for treatment, or any other culturally appropriate treatment. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 11 REFERENCES Barrows, David Prescott 1900 The Ethno-botany of the Coahilla [sic] Indians of Southern California. University of Chicago Press. Bean, Lowell John 1978 Cahuilla. In California, edited by R.F. Heizer, pp. 575–587. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Bean, Lowell John, and Charles R. Smith 1978a Gabrielino. In California, edited by R.F. Heizer, pp. 538–549. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 1978b Serrano. In California, edited by R.F. Heizer, pp. 570–574. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Bean, Lowell John, and Florence C. Shipek 1978 Luiseño. In California, edited by R.F. Heizer, pp. 550–563. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Beck, Warren A., and Ynez D. Haase 1974 Historical Atlas of California. University of Oklahoma Press, Oklahoma City. Benedict, Ruth F. 1924 A Brief Sketch of Serrano Culture. American Anthropologist 26 (3). Betts, William F. 2014 Tracking the Trackless Trolley: An Archaeological Examination of the Lone Pine Canyon Trolley. Blackburn, Thomas C. 1962–1963 Ethnohistoric Descriptions of Gabrielino Material Culture. Annual Reports of the University of California Archaeological Survey 5: 1–50. Bright, William 1975 Two Notes on Takic Classification: Paper read at the Third Annual Uto-Aztecan Conference, Flagstaff, June 19–20, 1975. (Copy, Manuscript No. 76–66 in National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington.) California Geological Survey 2002 California Geomorphic Provinces. California Geologic Survey Note 36. California Department of Conservation. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 12 Goodwin, Riordan 2003 Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment, J.W. Mitchell Specific Plan, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. Unpublished report on file at the AIC. Gudde, Erwin G. 1998 California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged by William Bright. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Harley, R. Bruce 1988 Rev. Juan Caballeria: Historian or Storyteller? Rethinking the 1810 Dumetz Expedition. San Bernardino County Museum Quarterly 35(2), 42 p. Harrington, John Peabody 1913 Ethnographic Notes of John Peabody Harrington, p. 12. Heizer, Robert F. 1968 The Indians of Los Angeles County. Hugo Reid’s Letters of 1852. Southwest Museum Papers 21. Los Angeles, California. Heizer, Robert F., and Albert B. Elsasser 1980 The Natural World of the California Indians. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. HistoricAerials.com 2021 Various aerial photographs including the project area from 1948-2005. Hooper, Lucile 1920 The Cahuilla Indians. University of California Publication in American Archaeology and Ethnology. Vol. 16 No. 6. Reprinted by Malki Museum Press. Banning, California. Hoover, Mildred Brooke, Hero Eugene Rensch, Ethel Grace Rensch, William N. Abeloe, and revised by Douglas E. Kyle 1990 Historic Spots in California, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. Hudson, D. Travis 1971 Proto-Gabrielino Patterns of Territorial Organization in Southern Coastal California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 7(2):49–76. James, Harry C. 1960 The Cahuilla Indians. Los Angeles: Westernlore Press. Reprinted in 1969 and 1985 by Malki Museum Press. Banning, California. Johnston, Bernice E. 1962 California’s Gabrielino Indians. Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Publication Fund 8, Los Angeles: Southwest Museum. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 13 Kirkman, George W. 1938 The Kirkman-Harriman Pictorial and Historical Map of Los Angeles County: 1860 A.D. Kroeber, A.L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bulletin No. 78, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. McCawley, William 1996 The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. Banning and Novato: Malki Museum Press and Ballena Press. McGroarty, John Steve 1914 Southern California. Southern California Panama Exposition Commission. Moratto, Michael J. 2004 California Archaeology. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press. Originally published 1984. Norris, R.M., and R.W. Webb 1976 Geology of California, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Santa Barbara. Richards, Elizabeth W. 1966 Guideposts to History: Concerning Origins of Place and Street Names in San Bernardino County. Santa Fe Federal Savings. Schoenherr, Allan A. 1992 A Natural History of California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. Sharp, R.P. 1976 Geology: Field Guide to Southern California. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Second Edition: 181. Strong, William D. 1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 26(1): 1–358. Berkeley. Swope, Karen, and Meg McDonald 1985 Environmental Impact Evaluation: Archaeological Assessment of Tentative Tract 13000, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. ARU UCR. Tang, Bai "Tom," Deirdre Encarnacion, Terri Jacquemain, and Daniel Ballester 2013 Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: Vulcan Conservation and Flood Control Project, in and near the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. CRM Tech. USGS (United States Geological Survey) 1980 Fontana, California 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) 14 Wallace, William J. 1955 A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11(3):214–230. 1978 Post-Pleistocene Archaeology. In California, edited by R. Heizer, pp. 550–563. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8. W.C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Warren, Claude N. 1968 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology 1(3). Portales. 1984 The Desert Region. In California Archaeology, by M. Moratto with contributions by D.A. Fredrickson, C. Raven, and C. N. Warren, pp. 339–430. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida. Warren, Claude N., and Robert H. Crabtree 1986 Prehistory of the Southwestern Area. In W.L. D’Azevedo ed., Handbook of the North American Indians, Vol. 11, Great Basin, pp. 183–193. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) APPENDIX A RECORD SEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY Report List Report No.Year Title AffiliationAuthor(s)ResourcesOther IDs SB-01443 1984 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT CONDUCTED FOR THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC BUSINESS PARK, CITY OF FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CORP. DEL CHARIO, KATHLEEN C. and MARIE G. COTTRELL 36-005443, 36-005444NADB-R - 1061443; Voided - 84-7.1 SB-02391 1991 A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES STUDY OF THE 4.6-ACRE KAISER PARKING FACILITY IN FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATES VAN HORN, DAVID M.NADB-R - 1062391; Voided - 91-3.2 SB-03599 1998 CULTURAL RESOURCE RECORD SEARCH AND SURVEY REPORT FOR A PBMS TELECOMMUNICATIONS FACILITY: CM 016-12 IN THE CITY OF FONTANA, CA. 5PP LSABRECHBIEL, BRANTNADB-R - 1063599 SB-03603 1998 INSTALLATION OF WATER PIPES ALONG I- 10 BETWEEN COLTON AND FONTANA. 10PP CRM TECHLOVE, BRUCENADB-R - 1063603 SB-03767 2002 A PHASE I CULTURAL RSOURCES INVENTORY OF THE FONTANA UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT JURUPA HILLS MIDDLE SCHOOL SITE IN THE CITY OF FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA. 33PP MCKENNA ET ALMCKENNA, JEANETTE A. NADB-R - 1063767 SB-04372 2004 CA-5696-A/KAISER HOSPITAL. 12PP EARTH TOUCHTHAL, ERIKANADB-R - 1064372 SB-04873 2005 Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: San Bernardino Avenue Pipeline and Pump Station In and Near the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. CRM TechEncarnacion, DeirdreNADB-R - 1064873 SB-05972 2008 A Cultura Resources Investigation for the Proposed Slover Avenue Improvements from West of Laurel Avenue to Maple Avenue in the Community of Bloomington, San Bernardino County, California. McKenna et alMcKenna, Jeanette A.NADB-R - 1065972 SB-06516 1999 Cultural Resource Inventory Report for Williams Communications, Inc., Proposed Fiber Optic System Installation Project, Los Angeles to Riverside, Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. Ashkar, ShahiraNADB-R - 1066516 Page 1 of 2 SBAIC 12/5/2022 2:44:09 PM Report List Report No.Year Title AffiliationAuthor(s)ResourcesOther IDs SB-06532 2009 A Supplemental and Comprehensive Cultural Resources Investigation for the Proposed Slover Avenue Improvements Project Between Tamarind Avenue and Cedar Avenue in Bloomington, San Bernardino County, California. McKenna et alMcKenna, Jeanette A.NADB-R - 1066532 SB-06787 2008 Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: Chino Groundwater Basin Dry-Year Yield Program Expansion, Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California. CRM TechTang, Bai “Tom”, Deirdre Encarnacion, and Daniel Ballester NADB-R - 1066787 SB-06965 2011 Direct APE Historic Architectural Assessment for Metro PCB California, LLC, LA5617A/Sherri’s Thriftstore (TWCO CA2291) 9693 Alder Avenue, Fontana, California 92555. Johnson, Brent 36-023576NADB-R - 1066965 SB-07055 2002 Sierra and Slover Cultural Resources Survey ASM AffiliatesGhabhlain, Sinead 36-011567 SB-07123 2010 Supplemental Archaeological Survey Report, 66kV Transmission Lines Access Roads, Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project Segements & and 8, Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, California. Panich, Lee and John Holson NADB-R - 1067123 Page 2 of 2 SBAIC 12/5/2022 2:44:10 PM CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2023 FONTANA PUBLIC STORAGE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA \\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\PUB2202\Technical Studies\Cultural\Report\PUB2202 CRA.docx (01/06/23) APPENDIX B SACRED LANDS FILE SEARCH RESULTS STATE OF CALIFORNIA Gavin Newsom, Governor NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION Page 1 of 1 November 22, 2022 Rory Goodwin LSA Via Email to: Rory.Goodwin@lsa.net Re: Public Storage Redevelopment Project (PUB2202), San Bernardino County Dear Mr. Goodwin: A record search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF) was completed for the information submitted for the above referenced project. The results were positive. Please contact the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians - Kizh Nation on the attached list for information. Please note that tribes do not always record their sacred sites in the SLF, nor are they required to do so. A SLF search is not a substitute for consultation with tribes that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with a project’s geographic area. Other sources of cultural resources should also be contacted for information regarding known and recorded sites, such as the appropriate regional California Historical Research Information System (CHRIS) archaeological Information Center for the presence of recorded archaeological sites. Attached is a list of Native American tribes who may also have knowledge of cultural resources in the project area. This list should provide a starting place in locating areas of potential adverse impact within the proposed project area. Please contact all of those listed; if they cannot supply information, they may recommend others with specific knowledge. By contacting all those listed, your organization will be better able to respond to claims of failure to consult with the appropriate tribe. If a response has not been received within two weeks of notification, the Commission requests that you follow-up with a telephone call or email to ensure that the project information has been received. If you receive notification of change of addresses and phone numbers from tribes, please notify the NAHC. With your assistance, we can assure that our lists contain current information. If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at my email address: Cameron.vela@nahc.ca.gov. Sincerely, Cameron Vela Cultural Resources Analyst Attachment CHAIRPERSON Laura Miranda Luiseño VICE CHAIRPERSON Reginald Pagaling Chumash SECRETARY Sara Dutschke Miwok COMMISSIONER Isaac Bojorquez Ohlone-Costanoan COMMISSIONER Buffy McQuillen Yokayo Pomo, Yuki, Nomlaki COMMISSIONER Wayne Nelson Luiseño COMMISSIONER Stanley Rodriguez Kumeyaay COMMISSIONER [Vacant] COMMISSIONER [Vacant] EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Raymond C. Hitchcock Miwok/Nisenan NAHC HEADQUARTERS 1550 Harbor Boulevard Suite 100 West Sacramento, California 95691 (916) 373-3710 nahc@nahc.ca.gov NAHC.ca.gov Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Reid Milanovich, Chairperson 5401 Dinah Shore Drive Palm Springs, CA, 92264 Phone: (760) 699 - 6800 Fax: (760) 699-6919 laviles@aguacaliente.net Cahuilla Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Patricia Garcia-Plotkin, Director 5401 Dinah Shore Drive Palm Springs, CA, 92264 Phone: (760) 699 - 6907 Fax: (760) 699-6924 ACBCI-THPO@aguacaliente.net Cahuilla Augustine Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians Amanda Vance, Chairperson 84-001 Avenue 54 Coachella, CA, 92236 Phone: (760) 398 - 4722 Fax: (760) 369-7161 hhaines@augustinetribe.com Cahuilla Cabazon Band of Mission Indians Doug Welmas, Chairperson 84-245 Indio Springs Parkway Indio, CA, 92203 Phone: (760) 342 - 2593 Fax: (760) 347-7880 jstapp@cabazonindians-nsn.gov Cahuilla Cahuilla Band of Indians Daniel Salgado, Chairperson 52701 U.S. Highway 371 Anza, CA, 92539 Phone: (951) 763 - 5549 Fax: (951) 763-2808 Chairman@cahuilla.net Cahuilla Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians - Kizh Nation Andrew Salas, Chairperson P.O. Box 393 Covina, CA, 91723 Phone: (626) 926 - 4131 admin@gabrielenoindians.org Gabrieleno Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians Anthony Morales, Chairperson P.O. Box 693 San Gabriel, CA, 91778 Phone: (626) 483 - 3564 Fax: (626) 286-1262 GTTribalcouncil@aol.com Gabrieleno Gabrielino /Tongva Nation Sandonne Goad, Chairperson 106 1/2 Judge John Aiso St., #231 Los Angeles, CA, 90012 Phone: (951) 807 - 0479 sgoad@gabrielino-tongva.com Gabrielino Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council Christina Conley, Tribal Consultant and Administrator P.O. Box 941078 Simi Valley, CA, 93094 Phone: (626) 407 - 8761 christina.marsden@alumni.usc.ed u Gabrielino Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council Robert Dorame, Chairperson P.O. Box 490 Bellflower, CA, 90707 Phone: (562) 761 - 6417 Fax: (562) 761-6417 gtongva@gmail.com Gabrielino Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe Charles Alvarez, 23454 Vanowen Street West Hills, CA, 91307 Phone: (310) 403 - 6048 roadkingcharles@aol.com Gabrielino Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeño Indians Ray Chapparosa, Chairperson P.O. Box 189 Warner Springs, CA, 92086-0189 Phone: (760) 782 - 0711 Fax: (760) 782-0712 Cahuilla 1 of 3 This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resource Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code. This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed Public Storage Redevelopment Project (PUB2202), San Bernardino County. PROJ-2022- 006866 11/22/2022 09:07 AM Native American Heritage Commission Native American Contact List San Bernardino County 11/22/2022 Morongo Band of Mission Indians Ann Brierty, THPO 12700 Pumarra Road Banning, CA, 92220 Phone: (951) 755 - 5259 Fax: (951) 572-6004 abrierty@morongo-nsn.gov Cahuilla Serrano Morongo Band of Mission Indians Robert Martin, Chairperson 12700 Pumarra Road Banning, CA, 92220 Phone: (951) 755 - 5110 Fax: (951) 755-5177 abrierty@morongo-nsn.gov Cahuilla Serrano Pala Band of Mission Indians Shasta Gaughen, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer PMB 50, 35008 Pala Temecula Rd. Pala, CA, 92059 Phone: (760) 891 - 3515 Fax: (760) 742-3189 sgaughen@palatribe.com Cupeno Luiseno Pechanga Band of Indians Mark Macarro, Chairperson P.O. Box 1477 Temecula, CA, 92593 Phone: (951) 770 - 6000 Fax: (951) 695-1778 epreston@pechanga-nsn.gov Luiseno Pechanga Band of Indians Paul Macarro, Cultural Resources Coordinator P.O. Box 1477 Temecula, CA, 92593 Phone: (951) 770 - 6306 Fax: (951) 506-9491 pmacarro@pechanga-nsn.gov Luiseno Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation Jill McCormick, Historic Preservation Officer P.O. Box 1899 Yuma, AZ, 85366 Phone: (760) 572 - 2423 historicpreservation@quechantrib e.com Quechan Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation Manfred Scott, Acting Chairman Kw'ts'an Cultural Committee P.O. Box 1899 Yuma, AZ, 85366 Phone: (928) 750 - 2516 scottmanfred@yahoo.com Quechan Ramona Band of Cahuilla Joseph Hamilton, Chairperson P.O. Box 391670 Anza, CA, 92539 Phone: (951) 763 - 4105 Fax: (951) 763-4325 admin@ramona-nsn.gov Cahuilla Ramona Band of Cahuilla John Gomez, Environmental Coordinator P. O. Box 391670 Anza, CA, 92539 Phone: (951) 763 - 4105 Fax: (951) 763-4325 jgomez@ramona-nsn.gov Cahuilla Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians Bo Mazzetti, Chairperson One Government Center Lane Valley Center, CA, 92082 Phone: (760) 749 - 1051 Fax: (760) 749-5144 bomazzetti@aol.com Luiseno Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians Cheryl Madrigal, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer One Government Center Lane Valley Center, CA, 92082 Phone: (760) 297 - 2635 crd@rincon-nsn.gov Luiseno 2 of 3 This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resource Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code. This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed Public Storage Redevelopment Project (PUB2202), San Bernardino County. PROJ-2022- 006866 11/22/2022 09:07 AM Native American Heritage Commission Native American Contact List San Bernardino County 11/22/2022 San Manuel Band of Mission Indians Jessica Mauck, Director of Cultural Resources 26569 Community Center Drive Highland, CA, 92346 Phone: (909) 864 - 8933 Jessica.Mauck@sanmanuel- nsn.gov Serrano Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians Lovina Redner, Tribal Chair P.O. Box 391820 Anza, CA, 92539 Phone: (951) 659 - 2700 Fax: (951) 659-2228 lsaul@santarosa-nsn.gov Cahuilla Serrano Nation of Mission Indians Mark Cochrane, Co-Chairperson P. O. Box 343 Patton, CA, 92369 Phone: (909) 528 - 9032 serranonation1@gmail.com Serrano Serrano Nation of Mission Indians Wayne Walker, Co-Chairperson P. O. Box 343 Patton, CA, 92369 Phone: (253) 370 - 0167 serranonation1@gmail.com Serrano Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians Joseph Ontiveros, Cultural Resource Department P.O. BOX 487 San Jacinto, CA, 92581 Phone: (951) 663 - 5279 Fax: (951) 654-4198 jontiveros@soboba-nsn.gov Cahuilla Luiseno Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians Isaiah Vivanco, Chairperson P. O. Box 487 San Jacinto, CA, 92581 Phone: (951) 654 - 5544 Fax: (951) 654-4198 ivivanco@soboba-nsn.gov Cahuilla Luiseno Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians Cultural Committee, P.O. Box 1160 Thermal, CA, 92274 Phone: (760) 397 - 0300 Fax: (760) 397-8146 Cultural- Committee@torresmartinez- nsn.gov Cahuilla 3 of 3 This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resource Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code. This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed Public Storage Redevelopment Project (PUB2202), San Bernardino County. PROJ-2022- 006866 11/22/2022 09:07 AM Native American Heritage Commission Native American Contact List San Bernardino County 11/22/2022