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Home My WebLink AboutAppendix B-2_Arborist Report Arborist Report 11700 Industry Avenue Industrial Building Project City of Fontana, California (APN 0238-171-27) Master Case No. 22-112 Design Review Project No. 22-053 Environmental No. 22-026 JANUARY 2023 Prepared for: SHUBIN NADAL REALTY INVESTORS 901 Dove Street, Suite 225 Newport Beach, California 92660 Contact: Lonnie P. Nadal Prepared by: 38 North Marengo Avenue Pasadena, California 91101 Contact: Christopher J. Kallstrand ISA Certified Arborist Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material. 15031 i JANUARY 2023 Table of Contents SECTION PAGE NO. Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ iii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Site Description ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Description ................................................................................................................................. 2 2 Methods ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Field Tree Inventory and Evaluation ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Scope of Work Limitations ..................................................................................................................... 8 3 Findings/Results .................................................................................................................................................. 9 3.1 Individual and Significant Protected Trees ........................................................................................... 9 3.2 Other Trees Within Project Limits .......................................................................................................... 9 4 Tree Preservation .............................................................................................................................................. 11 4.1 Regulatory Definitions and Requirements ......................................................................................... 11 4.1.1 City of Fontana ....................................................................................................................... 11 4.1.2 Migratory Bird Treaty Act ....................................................................................................... 14 5 Impacts .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 5.1 Direct Tree Impacts – Protected Trees .............................................................................................. 15 5.2 Direct Tree Impacts – Other Trees ..................................................................................................... 15 5.3 Potential Relocation Candidates ........................................................................................................ 16 5.4 Recommended Tree Removal (Health and Structure) ...................................................................... 16 5.5 Tree Impacts and Removal (Project) .................................................................................................. 16 6 Mitigation ........................................................................................................................................................... 17 6.1 Tree Ordinance Replacement Requirements .................................................................................... 17 6.2 Tree Replacement Plan ....................................................................................................................... 17 6.3 Tree Replacement Species ................................................................................................................. 18 6.4 Tree Removal Permit ........................................................................................................................... 18 6.5 Monitoring Program ............................................................................................................................. 18 7 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 8 References ........................................................................................................................................................ 23 TABLE 1 Impacted Tree Replacement Size and Number .............................................................................................. 18 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 ii JANUARY 2023 FIGURES 1 Regional Map ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 2 Vicinity Map .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 APPENDICES A Tree Locations B Tree Information Matrix C Tree Impacts D Tree Protection Measures E Conceptual Landscape Plan 15031 iii JANUARY 2023 Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym/Abbreviation Definition APN Assessor’s Parcel Number City City of Fontana ISA International Society of Arboriculture project 11700 Industry Avenue Industrial Building Project 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 iv JANUARY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 15031 1 JANUARY 2023 1 Introduction Dudek arborists evaluated and recorded information about protected trees as defined in Chapter 28, Article III, of the City of Fontana’s Code of Ordinances (Fontana Code of Ordinances) (City of Fontana 2022) and prepared this arborist report for the proposed 11700 Industry Avenue Industrial Building Project (project) in the City of Fontana, California. Primary topics of this arborist report include evaluations of project-related impacts and recommendations for tree protection, relocation, removal, and mitigation. The project site is at Assessor’s Parcel Number (APN) 0238-171-27 in the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. This arborist report provides a summary of Dudek’s site and tree evaluations within and immediately adjacent to the project site and infrastructure improvement areas (survey area). The trees on site are composed of multiple species that are scattered throughout the property. Dudek’s International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certified Arborists performed various tasks associated with surveying, inventorying, and evaluating the condition of the property’s trees, as described in this report. The purpose of this arborist report is to present the physical characteristics, mapped locations, impacts, and preservation totals, and recommended protected tree impact mitigation. The tree quantities and related project impacts have been analyzed and are reported in the following sections. In summary, the project site exhibits industrial-related activities and is heavily disturbed. In total, 10 trees are on the project site, none of which are considered heritage trees by the City of Fontana (City). The 10 trees are five Persian silk trees (Albizia julibrissin) and a mixture of botte tree (Brachychiton populneus), Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), California Peruvian pepper (Schinus molle), Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia), and Mexican fan palm (Washingtonia robusta). The site’s five Persian silk trees are planted along the eastern side of the existing building on site, and the remaining five trees are primarily on the southeast and southwest side of the site. The 10 trees are entirely composed of “other trees,” as defined by the City. None of the trees on site are considered heritage or specimen trees. The 10 trees are on or immediately adjacent to the project site, and all 10 would require removal to accommodate the proposed project. Of the 10 trees requiring removal, none are recommended for removal based on health (dead). As such, all 10 trees require mitigation in accordance with the Fontana Code of Ordinances. None of the impacted trees are considered candidates for relocation. 1.1 Site Description The project site is one individual parcel: APN 0238-171-27. The project site is specifically at 11700 Industry Avenue between Marlay Avenue and Philadelphia Avenue, within Section 33 of Township 1 South Range 6 West of the Fontana, California 7.5-minute U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle, as shown in Figure 1, Regional Map, and Figure 2, Vicinity Map. The site is approximately 6 gross acres and is bordered by the Vpet USA Plastics facility to the north, Industry Avenue to the east, the GAF Roofing facility to the south, and Etiwanda Avenue to the west. The site currently contains an industrial business. Vegetation on site is primarily composed of non-native vegetation and ornamental tree species. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 2 JANUARY 2023 1.2 Project Description The project would involve construction of a 124,000-square-foot industrial commerce facility, including 5,000 square feet of office space and 19 loading dock doors. The project site is within the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan are for the Jurupa South Industrial District on approximately 6 gross acres at 11700 Industry Avenue. The project site is at APN 0238-171-27 in the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. Regional Map Fontana - 11700 IndustryAve. Warehouse Project SOURCE: ESRI; County of San Bernardino 2022 0 10050Feet FIGURE 1 Project Site Alhambra Anaheim Apple Valley Arcadia Artesia Azusa Baldwin Park Banning Beaumont Bell Gardens Bellflower Big Bear Lake Bradbury Brea BuenaPark Calimesa Canyon Lake Cerritos Chino Chino Hills Claremont Colton Commerce Corona Costa Mesa Covina Cypress Diamond Bar Downey Duarte Eastvale El Monte Fontana Fountain Valley Fullerton Garden Grove Glendora GrandTerrace HawaiianGardens Hemet Hesperia Highland HuntingtonBeach Industry Irvine Irwindale Jurupa Valley LaHabra La HabraHeights La Mirada La Palma La Puente LaVerne LakeElsinore Lake Forest Lakewood LomaLinda Long Beach LosAlamitos Menifee Mission Viejo Monrovia Montclair Montebello Monterey Park Moreno ValleyNorco Norwalk Ontario Orange Paramount Pasadena Perris PicoRivera Placentia Pomona Rancho Cucamonga Redlands Rialto Riverside Rosemead SanBernardino SanDimas San Gabriel San Jacinto SanMarino Santa Ana Santa Fe Springs Seal Beach SierraMadre Signal Hill South ElMonte South Pasadena Stanton Temple City Tustin Upland Victorville Villa Park Walnut West Covina Westminster Whittier Yorba Linda Yucaipa O r a n g e C o u n ty R i v e rs i d e C o u n t y L o s An g e l e s C o u n t y 395 18 18 57 247 60 74 91 259 57 73 91 39 39 133 39 189 142 206 1 38 71 60 22 72 90 55 91 330 74 83 79 241 243 173 19 66 60 38 138 2 5 605 215 10 105 210210 15 405 215 215 15 S A N B E R N A R D I N O C O U N T Y 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 4 JANUARY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Vicinity Map Fontana - 11700 IndustryAve. Warehouse Project SOURCE: Bing Maps 2022; County of San Bernardino 2022 0 1,500750Feet Project Boundary FIGURE 2 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 6 JANUARY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 15031 7 JANUARY 2023 2 Methods The following sections describe the methods used by Dudek’s ISA Certified Arborists to inventory and evaluate trees in the tree survey area. 2.1 Field Tree Inventory and Evaluation Dudek arborists mapped and collected individual tree attribute information for all protected trees meeting the City’s definition of a protected tree—which consists of heritage, significant, and specimen trees—and other trees within and adjacent to the project limits. The location of each individual protected tree was mapped using a Trimble Pathfinder Pro XH GPS receiver (Pathfinder) (see Appendix A, Tree Locations). The Pathfinder has a horizontal accuracy of 1 meter (1 sigma) using differential code positioning techniques. Because tree canopies can sometimes cause loss of satellite lock by blocking the line-of-sight to satellites, an electronic compass and a reflectorless electronic distance-measuring device were also used in mapping tree locations. The electronic distance- measuring/compass combination operates in concert with the Pathfinder system to position offsets, and offset information is automatically attached to the GPS position data string. All trees were tagged in the field with an aluminum tree tag bearing a unique identification number. A tag was placed on the trunk of each inventoried tree, and each tag number corresponds with the individual tree data presented in Appendix B, Tree Information Matrix. Concurrent with tree mapping efforts, Dudek arborists collected tree attribute data, including species, quantity of individual trunks, individual trunk diameters, overall height, canopy extent, general health and structural conditions, and overall condition. Trunk diameter measurements were collected at 4.5 feet above natural grade along the trunk axis, with a few common exceptions. In cases in which a tree’s trunk was on a slope, the 4.5-foot height was approximated as the average of the shortest and longest sides of the trunk (i.e., the uphill side and downhill side of the tree’s trunk, respectively), and the measurement was made at the circumference of the trunk at this point. Tree height measurements were ocular estimates made by experienced field arborists. Tree canopy diameters were typically estimated by pacing off the measurement based on the arborist’s stride length or by visually estimating the canopy width. The tree-crown diameter measurements were made along an imaginary line intersecting the tree trunk that best approximated the average crown diameter. Pursuant to the Guide for Plant Appraisal (Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers 2000), tree health and structure were evaluated with respect to the following five distinct tree components: roots, trunks, scaffold branches, small branches, and foliage. Each component of the tree was assessed with regard to health factors such as insect, fungal, or pathogen damage; fire damage; mechanical damage; presence of decay; presence of wilted or dead leaves; and wound closure. Components were graded as “good,” “fair,” “poor,” and “dead,” with “good” representing no apparent problems and “dead” representing a dying and/or dead tree. This method of tree condition rating is comprehensive and results in ratings that are useful for determining the status of trees based on common standards. Trees in natural settings have important habitat value, as evidenced by numerous cavity nesters and insects that thrive on and within trees, even when they are considered in poor structural or health condition. However, this assessment focuses on tree conditions concerning health and structure for the purposes of analyzing potential project impacts, and where necessary, providing recommendations for mitigating potential tree hazards, such as trees with weak limb attachments, cavities and rot, or excessive lean that would not be appropriate for inclusion in a developed landscape. Each tree was assigned an overall condition rating based on component grades. The overall ratings were graded on a percentage scale that ranges from 10% (dead) to 100% (excellent condition). 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 8 JANUARY 2023 Upon completion of field data collecting and mapping, raw GPS data were post-processed using GPS Pathfinder Office (version 5.40), and individual tree location data were compiled and updated into GIS software. The digital tree locations were linked to individual tree identification numbers and associated tree attribute data. This data set was then evaluated using ArcGIS (version 10.1) software to determine the position of individual trees related to the project development areas. Data resulting from this analysis were used to evaluate the individual tree impact totals in this report. 2.2 Scope of Work Limitations The tree assessments did not include root crown excavations or investigations, aerial evaluations, or internal probing; therefore, the presence or absence of internal decay or other hidden inferiorities in individual trees could not be confirmed. It is recommended that any large tree proposed for preservation in an area that receives human use be thoroughly inspected for internal or subterranean decay by a qualified ISA Certified Arborist before finalizing preservation plans. 15031 9 JANUARY 2023 3 Findings/Results 3.1 Individual and Significant Protected Trees None of the trees within and immediately adjacent to the project site meet the City’s definition of protected trees. 3.2 Other Trees Within Project Limits There are 10 “other trees” within the tree survey area that do not meet the City’s definition of heritage, significant, or specimen trees. These 10 trees are composed of Persian silk, bottle, Brazilian pepper, Peruvian pepper, Chinese elm, and Mexican fan palm, as described in Appendix B. As depicted in the tree location exhibit (Appendix A), the five Persian silk trees are located along the east side of the existing building, and the remaining trees are scattered along the southeast and southwest ends of the property. Overall, the trees exhibit growth and structural conditions that are typical of their locations, and include various trunk and branch maladies. As presented in the Tree Information Matrix (Appendix B), 10% (1 tree) exhibits good health and 90% (9 trees) exhibit fair health. Structurally, 10% (1 tree) of the individually mapped trees are considered to exhibit good structure, 60% (6 trees) exhibit fair structure, and 30% (3 trees) exhibit poor structure. The trees within the survey area vary in size and stature according to species and available growing space. The trees are a mixture of single- and multi-stemmed trees, with single and combined trunk diameters (diameter at 4.5 feet above natural grade) ranging from 1 inch to 35 inches. Tree heights vary from 8 feet to 50 feet, and tree canopy extents range from 4 feet to approximately 30 feet across at their widest point. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 10 JANUARY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 15031 11 JANUARY 2023 4 Tree Preservation 4.1 Regulatory Definitions and Requirements The following subsections summarize the relevant policies regulating tree impacts and removal. 4.1.1 City of Fontana The City’s Tree Preservation and Protection Ordinance requires that a tree report be prepared for removal of protected tree species. The Tree Preservation and Protection Ordinance is as follows (City of Fontana 2022): Section 28-63 – Definitions ▪ Tree means any woody perennial plant, usually having a single main axis or trunk and exceeding ten feet in height at maturity, including specimens of such plants having twin or multiple trunks, and shall include any species of tree, shrub or plant described in the master plan of parkway trees or in the master tree list. ▪ Protected tree means any heritage, significant or specimen tree subject to this article or other such tree identified by a federal or state agency as endangered or sensitive species. ▪ Significant tree means any tree that is one of the following species; Southern California black walnut (Juglans californica) [sic], coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodora) [sic], California sycamore (Platanus racemosa), or London plane (Platanus acerifolia). ▪ Specimen tree is defined as a mature tree (which is not a heritage or significant tree) which is an excellent example of its species in structure and aesthetics and warrants preservation, relocation, or replacement as provided in Sections 28-66, 28-67, and 28-68. Specimen trees shall not include any tree located on a private parcel of property of less than one acre zoned for residential use. ▪ Windrow means a series of trees (minimum of four), usually a variety of eucalyptus, planted in a closely spaced line no more than 10 feet apart to provide a windbreak for the protection of property and/or agricultural crops. ▪ Heritage tree means any tree which: 1. Is of historical value because of its association with a place, building, natural feature, or event of local, regional, or national historical significance as identified by city council resolution; or 2. Is representative of a significant period of the city’s growth or development (windrow tree, European Olive tree); or 3. Is a protected or endangered species as specified by federal or state statute; or 4. Is deemed historically or culturally significant by the city manager or his or her designee because of size, condition, location, or aesthetic qualities. Section 28-64 – Permit Required for Removal of Heritage, Significant, and Specimen Trees Except as provided in Section 28-65, no person shall remove or cause the removal of any heritage, significant or specimen tree unless a tree removal permit is first obtained. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 12 JANUARY 2023 Section 28-65 – Tree Replacement and Permit Not Required No permit or replacement shall be required for: 1. Removal of trees planted, grown and/or held for sale by licensed nurseries and/or tree farms or the removal or transplanting of such trees pursuant to the operation of a licensed nursery and/or tree farm. 2. Emergency or routine trimming or pruning to protect or maintain overhead public utility lines, existing subsurface water lines, sewer, or utility lines. 3. Removal of damage parts of a heritage, significant or specimen tree which has sustain an injured trunk, broken limbs, or uprooting as a result of storm damage or other acts of God, which create a hazard to life or property. 4. Removal of trees which are determined to be diseased and/or dead by a certified arborist and approved by the staff. 5. Removal of trees which are determined to be hindering the safe application or installation of traffic control devices or roadway improvements in the public right-of-way or trees which hinder the line of site as determined by the city engineer. 6. Removal of trees which are determined to be within the ultimate right-of-way as shown within the circulation element of the City’s general plan. Section 28-67 – Tree Replacement or Relocation a. Heritage, significant, or specimen tree preservation on the site is preferred to relocation or replacement. Relocation is subject to a written report by a certified arborist on the feasibility of transplanting the subject tree. In the event that a permit is issued by the city for the removal of any heritage, significant or specimen tree as provided in Sections 28-64 and 28-68, such trees removed shall be replaced with a species designated by the staff according to the following guidelines, unless the staff determines that replacement is inappropriate: 1. Where existing eucalyptus windrows are to be removed along the existing or ultimate public right-of- way (ROW), as shown within the circulation element of the City’s general plan, they shall be replaced with appropriate street trees to be determined by the staff of not less than a 15-gallon size in a ratio of one tree from the City’s approved tree list for everyone removed. Eucalyptus windrow trees not along the existing public right-of-way which cannot be preserved or relocated shall be replaced according to the guidelines established in Subsection (a)(2) of this section. All heritage and significant trees shall be replaced with a species designated by the designated staff according to the species, age, size, structure, and trunk diameter, graded on a scale from 10 percent to 100 percent according to Table No. I. Heritage and Significant Tree Replacement Table No. I1 for Trees Under Seven Inches in Diameter Trunk Diameter2 (Approximate)/Replace With Scale Rating (10% to 100%) 0.75″/ 2″/ 3.25″/ 4.5″/ 6″/ Very poor Below 45% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. Poor 45%–55% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 13 JANUARY 2023 Heritage and Significant Tree Replacement Table No. I1 for Trees Under Seven Inches in Diameter Trunk Diameter2 (Approximate)/Replace With Scale Rating (10% to 100%) 0.75″/ 2″/ 3.25″/ 4.5″/ 6″/ Average 60%–70% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 1/36″ box 1/48″ box 1/60″ box Very good 75%–85% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 2/36″ box 2/48″ box 2/60″ box Excellent 90%–100% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 3/36″ box 3/48″ box 3/60″ box 1 Species Ratings and Condition Ratings in Tree Value Assessment by Alden Kelley, Consulting Arborist, December 1991. 2 Trunk diameter (caliper) is measured as 6 inches above ground level up to and including 4-inch caliper size; at 12 inches above ground level above 4-inch caliper and at or below 8-inch caliper; at 54 inches above ground level for all trees above 8-inch caliper size. Heritage and Significant Tree Replacement Table No. II3 for Trees Seven Inches in Diameter or Greater Scale Rating (10% to 100%) Number Removed Replace With Minimum Size Very poor Below 45% 1 1 15 gallon Poor 45%–55% 1 1 15 gallon Average 60% 1 4 24″ box 65% 1 4 24″ box 70% 1 4 36″ box Very good 75% 1 4 36″ box 80% 1 4 48″ box 85% 1 4 48″ box Excellent 90% 1 4 60″ box 95% 1 4 60″ box 100% 1 4 72″ box 3 Species Ratings and Condition Ratings in Tree Value Assessment by Alden Kelley, Consulting Arborist, December 1991. b. Specimen tree replacement. The staff shall determine which trees shall be considered as specimen trees and/or in conjunction with an excellent rating by a certified arborist. Specimen trees shall be replaced per the heritage and significant tree replacement Table No. II above with a species to be designated by staff. All other trees which are not heritage, significant, or specimen tree shall be replaced. The size of the replacement tree(s) shall be based on a scale of 10 percent to 100 percent. Staff may require that the ratings be performed by a certified arborist. The arborist report will be approved by staff. Other Tree Replacement Table No. III for Trees Under Seven Inches in Diameter Trunk Diameter (Approximate)/Replace With Scale Rating (10% to 100%) 0.75″/ 2″/ 3.25″/ 4.5″/ 6″/ Very poor Below 45% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. Poor 45%–55% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 14 JANUARY 2023 Other Tree Replacement Table No. III for Trees Under Seven Inches in Diameter Trunk Diameter (Approximate)/Replace With Scale Rating (10% to 100%) 0.75″/ 2″/ 3.25″/ 4.5″/ 6″/ Average 60%–70% 1/15 gal. 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 1/36″ box 1/48″ box Very good 75%–85% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 1/36″ box 1/48″ box 2/48″ box Excellent 90%–100% 1/15 gal. 1/24″ box 1/36″ box 2/48″ box 3/48″ box Other Tree Replacement Table No. IV for Trees Seven Inches in Diameter or Greater Scale Rating (10% to 100%) Number Removed Replace With Minimum Size Very poor Below 45% 1 1 15 gallon Poor 45%–55% 1 1 15 gallon Average 60% 1 4 24″ box 65% 1 4 24″ box 70% 1 4 36″ box Very good 75% 1 4 36″ box 80% 1 4 48″ box 85% 1 4 48″ box d. The replacement trees for heritage, significant and/or specimen trees shall be exclusive of the trees required as part of the standard landscape requirements. e. The replacement trees shall be guaranteed for 1 year. The applicant shall file a cash bond with the City Community Development Department in an amount to be determined by the staff to assure performance of this guarantee. f. A tree that is determined by a certified arborist to be firewood harvested or stump regrowth shall be removed and replaced with one 15-gallon tree of a species to be determined by the staff. g. In lieu of the replacement trees as required by subsections (a), (b) and (c), a cash equivalent as determined by the staff may be deposited with the City in the tree account. This account is established to purchase, plant, or relocate trees in public areas, conduct surveys of trees in public areas, design master landscape plans to include trees in public areas, and maintain existing heritage, significant, and/or specimen trees. Note—Cash equivalent costs to be updated yearly by the staff through surveys of the landscape industry (Southern California Nurseries; Landscape Contractors Association). 4.1.2 Migratory Bird Treaty Act The Migratory Bird Treaty Act requires tree removal and potentially disturbing construction activities to occur during certain periods to avoid harassment of nesting birds. According to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, no construction or other disturbing activities can occur within 500 feet of an active bird nest from the beginning of February through August. 15031 15 JANUARY 2023 5 Impacts Tree impacts were determined using GIS technology and spatial locations of trees relative to the project impact areas (limits of grading). Impacts were further determined based on Dudek’s experience with native and non-native trees, and trees’ typical reactions to root disturbances from construction activities, such as soil compaction, excavation, and remedial grading. The impact analysis results in this arborist report were used for developing appropriate mitigation measures for the project. Impacts to trees can be classified as direct or indirect. Direct impacts to trees related to site improvements are typically the result of physical injuries or changes caused by machinery. Direct impacts include tree removal, root damage, soil excavation and compaction, grade changes, loss of canopy, and trunk wounds, among others. Indirect impacts to trees are the result of changes to the site that may cause tree decline, even when the tree is not directly injured. Indirect impacts include alterations to stream flow rates, diversion of groundwater flow, introduction of exotic plant species, and alterations to disturbance regimes. Wider-scale alterations to the area near trees, as well as specific changes that occur around the trees, are important considerations. In general, there is a great deal of variation in tolerance to construction impacts among tree species, ages, and conditions. It is important to know how a certain tree—based on its species, age, and condition—would respond to diverse types of disturbance. Mature specimens are typically more sensitive to root disturbance and grade changes. In general, healthy trees will respond better to changes in their growing environment. Trees in poor health or under stressed conditions may not be vigorous enough to cope with direct or indirect impacts from construction activities. The trees on the project site vary in age and condition. The impact totals herein are based on conceptual disturbance limits and development plans reviewed as of the publication of this arborist report. As such, the actual number of trees that are subject to direct and indirect impacts may change as the detailed site planning process proceeds. 5.1 Direct Tree Impacts – Protected Trees For the purposes of this arborist report, direct impacts are those associated with tree removal or encroachment within the tree protected zone (either the canopy drip line plus 5 feet or 10 feet from the trunk, whichever is greater). Tree removal is required when the trunk is inside or within 2 feet of the proposed limits of grading. Encroachment is expected when soil and roots are disturbed within the tree-protected zone. In total, 0 protected trees would be directly impacted by the project. 5.2 Direct Tree Impacts – Other Trees All 10 City-defined “other trees” would experience direct impacts (removal). The locations of impacted trees are presented by impact type in Appendix C, Tree Impacts. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 16 JANUARY 2023 5.3 Potential Relocation Candidates In addition to the general site tree evaluations, Dudek arborists evaluated all of the impacted trees for their potential for preservation in place or relocation. Trees identified as candidates for preservation in place and relocation typically exhibit good health (new growth and vigor) and structure (trunk/branching); have no uncorrectable, outwardly detectable defects; and show no signs or symptoms of serious pest infestation or species-specific pathogens. For the trees to avoid incidental damage during construction or relocation, preservation and protection measures must be provided before, during, and after the construction phase. Appendix D, Tree Protection Measures, provides recommended measures for implementation before, during, and after the construction phase. None of the trees on the project site are considered suitable candidates for relocation. Tree relocation is a stressful process that requires ideal tree candidates that are healthy, have good structure, are not too large, and meet other criteria important to their long-term survival. None of the trees assessed as part of this arborist report meet these requirements. Individual tree dispositions and locations are provided in Appendices B and C, respectively. 5.4 Recommended Tree Removal (Health and Structure) No trees are recommended for removal based on health and/or structure. 5.5 Tree Impacts and Removal (Project) In total, 10 trees are located on or immediately adjacent to the project site, and all 10 would require removal to accommodate the proposed project. Of the 10 trees requiring removal, none are recommended for removal based on health (dead). As such, all 10 trees require mitigation in accordance with the Fontana Code of Ordinances. 15031 17 JANUARY 2023 6 Mitigation The project’s mitigation plan is consistent with the goals and intent of the Fontana Code of Ordinances. The recommended mitigation program, as discussed in this chapter, meets City requirements for tree preservation, protection, and mitigation. 6.1 Tree Ordinance Replacement Requirements The Fontana Code of Ordinances requires mitigation for all impacted trees, except for those found to be dead by an ISA Certified Arborist. As such, mitigation is required for the potential impacts associated with the project affecting 10 trees. This arborist report discusses tree mitigation plantings to address such impacts, and satisfies the City’s requirements. It is assumed that the mitigation outlined herein is applicable to the impacts presented by the currently proposed project, and where it is possible to reduce tree impacts through planning and other efforts identified at later stages of project development, mitigation measures would be reduced proportionally. The Fontana Code of Ordinances requires that a permittee replace protected trees approved for removal in accordance with Section 28-67 of the Fontana Code of Ordinances, which states the following (City of Fontana 2022): Heritage, significant, or specimen tree preservation on the site is preferred to relocation or replacement. Relocation is subject to a written report by a certified arborist on the feasibility of transplanting the subject tree. In the event that a permit is issued by the city for the removal of any heritage, significant or specimen tree as provided in Sections 28-64 and 28-68, such trees removed shall be replaced with a species designated by the staff according to the following guidelines, unless the staff determines that replacement is inappropriate. Furthermore, the Fontana Code of Ordinances states, “all other trees which are not heritage, significant, or specimen tree shall be replaced. The size of the replacement tree(s) shall be based on a scale of 10% to 100%. Staff may require that the ratings be performed by a certified arborist. Staff will approve the arborist report” (City of Fontana 2022). Detailed information regarding tree replacement quantities can be found in Section 28-67 of the Fontana Code of Ordinances, or in the discussion in Section 4.1, Regulatory Definitions and Requirements, of this arborist report. 6.2 Tree Replacement Plan The City’s tree replacement requirements are designed to require the planting of protected trees at a replacement ratio dependent on tree size and overall condition using 15-gallon to 48-inch box trees. As such, and in an effort to meet the goals and intentions of the Fontana Code of Ordinances, Dudek recommends that the 10 impacted trees be mitigated (planted and/or through an in-lieu fee) with 25 trees, as outlined in Table 1 and as required by the City. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 18 JANUARY 2023 Table 1. Impacted Tree Replacement Size and Number Protection Classification Replacement Size Total per Classification 15-Gallon 24-Inch Box 36-Inch Box 48-Inch Box Heritage/Significant 0 0 0 0 0 Other 4 20 0 1 25 Totals per Size 4 20 0 1 25 Based on a review of the landscape plan (Appendix E, Conceptual Landscape Plan), the proposed project would incorporate 35 24-inch box trees and 38 15-gallon trees into the post-development landscape. Of the 73 proposed landscape trees, 17 are street trees and the remainder would be planted throughout the site. In total, the proposed landscape plan provides for the planting of 73 trees. With the exception of the required 48-inch box tree, the number of proposed tree plantings is greater than that required by the Fontana Code of Ordinances. Based on the total number of trees proposed to be planted, the proposed plan exceeds the intent of the Fontana Code of Ordinances. In accordance with Section 28-67 of the Fontana Code of Ordinances, the City may require that in-lieu fees be deposited in the City’s tree account for the replacement of trees that cannot be accommodated on site (City of Fontana 2022). This account is established to purchase, plant, or relocate trees in public areas; conduct surveys of trees in public areas; design master landscape plans to include trees in public areas; and maintain existing heritage, significant, and/or specimen trees. As such, to assist with project planning, the estimated cost associated with planting would be approximately $150 per tree for 15-gallon replacements, $225 per tree for 24-inch box replacements, $645 for 36-inch box replacements, $2,400 for 48-inch box replacements, and $5,200 for 60-inch box replacements. The final total in-lieu fee would be based on any trees that could not be planted on site and at the discretion of the City. 6.3 Tree Replacement Species The proposed tree replacement species, as identified in Appendix E, include a mix of seven alternative tree species: carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacardiodes), Mondell pine (Pinus elderica), African sumac (Rhus lancea), bottle tree (Brachychiton populneus), fern pine (Podocarpus gracillior), Brisbane box (Tristania conferta), and crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica). Details regarding individual proposed planting locations are provided in Appendix E. 6.4 Tree Removal Permit Consistent with Section 28-64 of the Fontana Code of Ordinances (City of Fontana 2022), a tree removal permit is required prior to all tree removals. 6.5 Monitoring Program Trees would be planted in early winter and be followed by a 1-year monitoring period, as required by the City. Given proper installation methods and protective measures, a high survival rate is expected, although some loss may occur. If a new tree declines to a poor condition (as determined by an ISA Certified Arborist) before the end of the monitoring period, it would be replaced with a tree of the same species and size per City requirements. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 19 JANUARY 2023 Replacement standards for trees that do not survive would be clearly established. Trees that are lost during the 1- year monitoring period due to controllable factors—such as mismanagement of water, poor soil conditions, rodent and other wildlife damage, improper planting, or poor plant performance—are typically replaced at a 1:1 ratio. Tree loss from natural causes, such as wildfire, flooding, or other natural events, may not necessarily require replacement because penalties are not usually levied for events beyond the control of the project developer. General tree planting, maintenance, and protection guidelines are included in Appendix D. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 20 JANUARY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 15031 21 JANUARY 2023 7 Conclusions In total, 10 trees are located on or immediately adjacent to the project site, and all 10 would require removal to accommodate the proposed project. Of the 10 trees requiring removal, none are recommended for removal based on health (dead). As such, 10 trees require mitigation in accordance with the Fontana Code of Ordinances. None of the impacted trees are considered candidates for relocation. Based on impacts to 10 trees within the project site, a minimum of four 15-gallon, twenty 24-inch box, and one 48-inch box trees would be required for mitigation planting according to Section 28-67 of the Fontana Code of Ordinances. Based on a review of the Conceptual Landscape Plan (Appendix E), the proposed project would incorporate 35 24-inch box trees and 38 15-gallon trees into the post-development landscape. Of the 73 proposed landscape trees, 17 would be street trees and the remainder would be planted throughout the site. In total, the proposed landscape plan provides for the planting of 73 trees. With the exception of the required 48-inch box tree, the number of proposed tree plantings is greater than that required by the Fontana Code of Ordinances. The final total in-lieu fee, if required, would be based on any trees that could not be planted on site and at the discretion of the City. Arborist’s Statement This arborist report provides conclusions and recommendations based on an examination of the trees and surrounding site by ISA Certified Arborists. Arborists are tree specialists who use their education, knowledge, training, and experience to examine trees, recommend measures to enhance the beauty and health of trees, and attempt to reduce the risk of living near trees. The tree assessments did not include root crown excavations, investigations, or internal probing. Therefore, the presence or absence of internal decay or other hidden inferiorities in individual trees could not be confirmed. It is recommended that any large tree proposed for preservation in an area that receives human use be thoroughly inspected for internal or subterranean decay by a qualified arborist before finalizing preservation plans. Arborists cannot detect every condition that could lead to the failure of a tree. Trees are living organisms that fail in ways not fully understood. Conditions are often hidden within trees and belowground. Arborists cannot guarantee that a tree will be healthy or safe under all circumstances or for a specified period. There are no guarantees that a tree’s condition will not change over a short or extended period due to weather or cultural or environmental conditions. Trees can be managed, but not controlled. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 22 JANUARY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 15031 23 JANUARY 2023 8 References City of Fontana. 2022. The Code of the City of Fontana, California. Adopted 1993; last updated October 5, 2022. Accessed January 2023. https://library.municode.com/ca/fontana/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH28VE. Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers. 2000. Guide for Plant Appraisal. 9th ed. Champagne, Illinois: International Society of Arboriculture. 11700 INDUSTRY AVENUE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT / ARBORIST REPORT 15031 24 JANUARY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Appendix A Tree Locations Tree Locations Fontana - 11700 IndustryAve. Warehouse Project SOURCE: Bing Maps 2022; County of San Bernardino 2022 0 10050Feet Project Boundary Species Albizia julibrissin, Mimosa Brachychiton populneus, Bottle Tree Schinus molle, California Pepper Schinus terebinthifolius, Brazilian Pepper Ulmus parvifolia, Chinese Elm Washingtonia robusta, Mexican Fan Palm APPENDIX A Appendix B Tree Information Matrix APPENDIX B / TREE INFORMATION MATRIX 15031 B-1 JANUARY 2023 Tree No. Botanical Name Common Name No of Stems Individual Stem Diameters (in.) Cumulative Stem Diameter (in.) Height (ft.) Crown Width (ft.) Health Structure Overall Tree Health and Structure Notes Observed Defects Disposition Replacement Quantity Replacement Size Latitude Longitude D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 1 Brachychiton populneus Bottle tree 1 1 — — — — — 1 8 4 80 80 80 — — Removal 1 15-gallon 34.03891 -117.52228 2 Albizia julibrissin Silk Tree 1 7 — — — — — 7 15 10 60 60 60 — — Removal 4 24" Box 34.03889 -117.52227 3 Albizia julibrissin Silk Tree 2 5 3 — — — — 6 15 10 60 60 60 — — Removal 1 48" Box 34.03882 -117.52228 4 Albizia julibrissin Silk Tree 1 7 — — — — — 7 15 10 60 60 60 — — Removal 4 24" Box 34.03874 -117.52228 5 Albizia julibrissin Silk Tree 3 5 4 1 — — — 6 15 10 60 40 50 — Co-dominant branch split at fork Removal 1 15-gallon 34.03863 -117.52227 6 Albizia julibrissin Silk Tree 2 6 4 — — — — 7 15 10 60 60 60 — — Removal 4 24" Box 34.03857 -117.52228 7 Ulmus parvifolia Chinese elm 1 7 — — — — — 7 15 10 60 40 50 — — Removal 1 15-gallon 34.03813 -117.52186 8 Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8 10 60 40 50 All 1s — Removal 1 15-gallon 34.03814 -117.52174 9 Washingtonia robusta Mexican fan palm 1 30 — — — — — 30 50 15 60 60 60 — — Removal 4 24" Box 34.03831 -117.52401 10 Schinus molle Peruvian pepper 1 35 — — — — — 35 40 30 60 60 60 No tag. Outside fence near train tracks — Removal 4 24" Box 34.03814 -117.52404 APPENDIX B / TREE INFORMATION MATRIX 15031 B-2 JANUARY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Appendix C Tree Impacts Da t e : 1 / 1 6 / 2 0 2 3 - L a s t s a v e d b y : l t e r r y - P a t h : Z : \ P r o j e c t s \ j 1 5 0 3 1 0 1 \ M A P D O C \ D O C U M E N T \ A r b o r i s t \ A p p e n d i x B T r e e I m p a c t s . m x d Tree Impacts Fontana - 11700 Industry Ave. Warehouse Project SOURCE: Bing Maps 2022; County of San Bernardino 2022 0 10050Feet Project Boundary DispositionDirect APPENDIX C Appendix D Tree Protection Measures APPENDIX D / TREE PROTECTION MEASURES 15031 D-1 JANUARY 2023 Tree Protection Measures The following is provided as general guidelines for tree protection from construction impacts. The measures presented should be monitored by arborists and enforced by contractors and developers for maximum benefit to the trees. Tree Protection Measures Prior to Construction Fencing. All remaining trees that will not be relocated or removed shall be preserved and protected in place. Trees within approximately 15 feet of proposed construction activity shall be temporarily fenced with chain-link or other material satisfactory to City planning staff throughout grading and construction activities. The fencing shall be installed 3 feet outside of the dripline of each tree (or edge of canopy for cluster of trees), be 4 feet tall, and staked every 6 feet. The fenced area shall be considered the tree protection zone unless proximate construction requires temporary removal. Pre-Construction Meeting. A pre-construction meeting shall be held between all contractors (including grading, tree removal/pruning, builders, and others) and the arborist. The arborist shall instruct the contractors on tree protection practices and answer any questions. All equipment operators and spotters, assistants, and those directing operators from the ground shall provide written acknowledgement of their receiving tree protection training. This training shall include information on the location and marking of protected trees, the necessity of preventing damage, and the discussion of work practices that will accomplish such. Protection and Maintenance During Construction Once construction activities have begun, the following measures shall be adhered to: Equipment Operation and Storage. Avoid heavy equipment operation around the trees. Operating heavy machinery around the root zones of trees will increase soil compaction, which decreases soil aeration and subsequently reduces water penetration in the soil. All heavy equipment and vehicles shall, at minimum, stay out of the fenced tree protection zone, unless where specifically approved in writing and under the supervision of a Certified Arborist or as provided by the approved landscape plan. Storage and Disposal. Do not store or discard any supplies or materials, including paint, lumber, concrete overflow, and other materials, within the tree protection zone. All foreign debris shall be removed from the tree protection zone; it is important to leave the duff, mulch, chips, and leaves around the retained trees for water retention and nutrients. Avoid draining or leakage of equipment fluids near retained trees. Fluids such as gasoline, diesel, oils, hydraulics, brake and transmission fluids, paint, paint thinners, and glycol (anti-freeze) shall be disposed of properly. Keep equipment parked at least 50 feet away from retained trees to avoid the possibility of leakage of equipment fluids into the soil. The effect of toxic equipment fluids on the retained trees could be decline and death. Grade Changes. Grade changes, including adding fill, are not permitted within the tree protection zone without special written authorization and under supervision by a Certified Arborist or as provided by the approved landscape plan. Lowering the grade within this area would necessitate cutting main support and feeder roots, jeopardizing the health and structural integrity of the trees. Adding soil, even temporarily, on top of the existing grade would compact the soil further, and decrease both water and air availability to the trees’ roots. APPENDIX D / TREE PROTECTION MEASURES 15031 D-2 JANUARY 2023 Moving Construction Materials. Care shall be taken when moving equipment and supplies near trees, especially overhead. Avoid damaging trees when transporting or moving construction materials and working around trees (even outside of the fenced tree protection zone). Aboveground tree parts that could be damaged (e.g., low limbs, trunks) shall be flagged with red ribbon. If contact with the tree crown is unavoidable, prune the conflicting branch(es) using International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) standards. Root Pruning. Except where specifically approved in writing, all trenching shall be outside of the fenced tree protection zone. Roots primarily extend in a horizontal direction, forming a support base to the tree similar to the base of a wineglass. Where trenching is necessary in areas that contain tree roots, prune the roots using a Dosko root pruner or equivalent. All cuts shall be clean and sharp, to minimize ripping, tearing, and fracturing the root system. The trench shall be made no deeper than necessary. Irrigation. Trees that have been substantially root pruned (30% or more of their root zone) require irrigation for the first 12 months. The first irrigation shall be within 48 hours of root pruning. Trees shall be deep-watered every 2 to 4 weeks during the summer and once a month during the winter (adjust accordingly with rainfall). One irrigation cycle shall thoroughly soak the root zones of the trees to a depth of 3 feet. The soil shall dry out between watering; avoid keeping a consistently wet soil. Designate one person to be responsible for irrigating (deep watering) the trees. Check soil moisture with a soil probe before irrigating. Irrigation is best accomplished by installing a temporary aboveground micro-spray system that will distribute water slowly (to avoid runoff) and evenly throughout the fenced tree protection zone, but never soak the area within 6 feet of the tree trunk, especially during warmer months. Pruning. Do not prune any of the trees until all construction is completed. This will help protect the tree canopies from damage. All pruning shall be completed under the direction of an ISA Certified Arborist and using ISA guidelines. Only dead wood shall be removed from tree canopies. Washing. During construction in summer and autumn months, wash foliage of trees adjacent to the construction site with a strong water stream every 2 weeks in early hours before 10:00 a.m. to control mite and insect populations. Inspection. An ISA Certified Arborist shall inspect the impacted preserved trees on a monthly basis during construction. A report comparing tree health and condition to the original, pre-construction baseline shall be submitted following each inspection. Photographs of representative trees shall be included in the report on a minimum annual basis. Maintenance After Construction Once construction is complete, the fencing may be removed and the following measures performed to sustain and enhance the vigor of the preserved trees: Mulch. Provide a 4-inch mulch layer of mulch under the canopy of trees. Mulch shall be clean and organic and provide long-term soil conditioning, soil moisture retention, and soil temperature control. Pruning. The trees will not require regular pruning. Pruning shall only be done to maintain clearance and remove broken, dead, or diseased branches. Pruning shall only take place following a recommendation by an ISA Certified Arborist and performed under the supervision of an ISA Certified Arborist. No more than 20% of the canopy shall be removed at any one time. All pruning shall conform to ISA standards. APPENDIX D / TREE PROTECTION MEASURES 15031 D-3 JANUARY 2023 Watering. The natural trees that are not disturbed should not require regular irrigation, other than the 12 months following substantial root pruning. However, soil probing shall be necessary to accurately monitor moisture levels. Especially in years with low winter rainfall, supplemental irrigation for the trees that sustained root pruning and any newly planted trees may be necessary. The trees should be irrigated only during the winter and spring months. Watering Adjacent Plant Material. All plants near the trees shall be compatible with water requirements of said trees. The surrounding plants shall be watered infrequently with deep soaks and allowed to dry out in-between, rather than frequent light irrigation. The soil shall not be allowed to become saturated or stay continually wet. Irrigation spray shall not hit the trunk of any tree. A 60-inch dry zone shall be maintained around all tree trunks. An aboveground micro-spray irrigation system is recommended over typical underground pop-up sprays. Washing. Periodic washing of the foliage is recommended during construction, but no more than once every 2 weeks. Washing shall include the upper and lower leaf surfaces and the tree bark. This should continue beyond the construction period at a less-frequent rate with a high-powered hose only in the early morning hours. Washing will help control dirt/dust buildup that can lead to mite and insect infestations. Spraying. If the trees are maintained in a healthy state, regular spraying for insect or disease control should not be necessary. If a problem does develop, an ISA Certified Arborist should be consulted; the trees may require application of insecticides to prevent the intrusion of bark-boring beetles and other invading pests. All chemical spraying shall be performed by a licensed applicator under the direction of a Licensed Pest Control Advisor. Inspection. All trees that were impacted during construction within the tree protection zone should be monitored by an ISA Certified Arborist for the first 5 years after construction completion. The arborist shall submit an annual report, photograph each tree, and compare tree health and condition to the original, pre-construction baseline. APPENDIX D / TREE PROTECTION MEASURES 15031 D-4 JANUARY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Appendix E Conceptual Landscape Plan