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15283-02 Noise Memo
March 16, 2023
Ms. Tracy Zinn
T&B Planning, Inc.
3200 El Camino Real, Suite 100
Irvine, CA 92602
SUBJECT: ALDER AND MERRILL NOISE ASSESSMENT
Dear Ms. Tracy Zinn:
Urban Crossroads, Inc. is pleased to provide the following Noise Assessment for the Alder and Merrill
(Project) which is located north of Merrill Avenue, between Alder Avenue and Laurel Avenue in the City
of Fontana.
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The Project consists of a proposed General Plan Amendment (GPA) and a Zone Change (ZC) for a 6.4-
acre property that is in the City of Fontana north of Merrill Avenue, between Alder Avenue and Laurel
Avenue, and south of Citron Avenue. The GPA would change the General Plan land use designation of
the Project site from Single Family Residential (R-SF) to Multifamily Medium High-Density Residential (R-
MFMH) and the zoning of the Project site from Single Family Residential (R-1) to Multifamily
Medium/High Density Residential (R-4). The existing General Plan land use and zoning and the proposed
GPA and ZC are shown in Attachment A. The increased unit count allowance would increase from a
maximum of 32 residential units (6.4 acres x 5.0 units/acre = 32 units) to 249 residential units (6.4 acres
x 39 units/acre = 249 units), for a net increase of 217 units assuming maximum development potential
under the existing and proposed designations. No development project is currently proposed, and no
physical disturbance of the Project site is currently proposed. Only the proposed change to the
underlying land use has been evaluated in this Noise Assessment.
OFF-SITE TRAFFIC NOISE METHODS AND PROCEDURES
The following section outlines the methods and procedures used to describe the off-site traffic noise
level increase associated with the Project. Consistent with City of Fontana Land Use Compatibility
Criteria, all transportation related noise levels are presented in terms of the 24-hour CNEL’s.
FHWA TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL
The expected roadway noise level increases from vehicular traffic were calculated by Urban Crossroads,
Inc. using a computer program that replicates the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Traffic Noise
Prediction Model- FHWA-RD-77-108. (1) This methodology is commonly used to describe the off-site
traffic noise levels throughout California and is consistent with the City of Fontana General Plan Noise
Element.
Ms. Tracy Zinn
T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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15283-02 Noise Memo
The FHWA Model arrives at a predicted noise level through a series of adjustments to the Reference
Energy Mean Emission Level (REMEL). In California the national REMELs are substituted with the
California Vehicle Noise (Calveno) Emission Levels. (2) Adjustments are then made to the REMEL to
account for: the roadway classification (e.g., collector, secondary, major or arterial), the roadway active
width (i.e., the distance between the center of the outermost travel lanes on each side of the roadway),
the total average daily traffic (ADT), the travel speed, the percentages of automobiles, medium trucks,
and heavy trucks in the traffic volume, the roadway grade, the angle of view (e.g., whether the roadway
view is blocked), the site conditions ("hard" or "soft" relates to the absorption of the ground, pavement,
or landscaping), and the percentage of total ADT which flows each hour throughout a 24-hour period.
Research conducted by Caltrans has shown that the use of soft site conditions is appropriate for the
application of the FHWA traffic noise prediction model used in this analysis. (3)
OFF-SITE TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION MODEL INPUTS
Table 1 presents the roadway parameters used to assess the Project’s off-site transportation noise
impacts. The ADT volumes used in this study area presented on Table 2 are based on existing traffic
volumes from the Foothill/Maple & Arrow/Laurel Residential Zone Change Focused Traffic Impact
Analysis in combination with the Project trip estimates from the Alder and Merrill Trip Generation
Assessment prepared by Urban Crossroads, Inc. The change in trip generation between the current
General Plan (R-SF): Single-Family land use and the Proposed General Plan (R-MFMH): Multifamily is
anticipated to generate a net total increase of 828 trips per day. Table 3 provides the time of day
(daytime, evening, and nighttime) vehicle splits. Table 4 shows the traffic flow by vehicle type (vehicle
mix).
OFF-SITE TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACTS
To assess the off-site traffic CNEL noise level impacts associated with the Project, noise contour
calculations were developed to assess the Project’s incremental 24-hour dBA CNEL traffic-related noise
levels at land uses adjacent to roadways conveying Project traffic. Noise contours represent the equal
levels of noise exposure and are measured in CNEL from the center of the roadway. The noise contours
represent the distance to noise levels of a constant value and are measured from the center of the
roadway for the 70, 65, and 60 dBA CNEL noise levels. The noise contours do not consider the effect of
any existing noise barriers or topography that may attenuate ambient noise levels. In addition, because
the noise contours reflect modeling of vehicular noise on area roadways, they appropriately do not
reflect noise contributions from the surrounding stationary noise sources within the Project study area.
Table 5 presents a summary of the exterior dBA CNEL traffic noise levels. Appendix B includes the dBA
CNEL traffic noise level calculations.
Noise level increases resulting from the Project are evaluated based on the Appendix G CEQA Guidelines
described above at the closest sensitive receiver locations. Under CEQA, consideration must be given to
the magnitude of the increase, the existing baseline ambient noise levels, and the location of noise-
sensitive receivers to determine if a noise increase represents a significant adverse environmental
impact. This approach recognizes that there is no single noise increase that renders the noise impact
Ms. Tracy Zinn
T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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15283-02 Noise Memo
significant. (4) This is primarily because of the wide variation in individual thresholds of annoyance and
differing individual experiences with noise. Thus, an important way of determining a person’s subjective
reaction to a new noise is the comparison of it to the existing environment to which one has adapted—
the so-called ambient environment. In general, the more a new noise exceeds the previously existing
ambient noise level, the less acceptable the new noise will typically be judged.
THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
The Federal Interagency Committee on Noise (FICON) (5) developed guidance to be used for the
assessment of project-generated increases in noise levels that consider the ambient noise level. The
FICON recommendations are based on studies that relate aircraft noise levels to the percentage of
persons highly annoyed by aircraft noise. Although the FICON recommendations were specifically
developed to assess aircraft noise impacts, these recommendations are often used in environmental
noise impact assessments involving the use of cumulative noise exposure metrics, such as the average-
daily noise level (CNEL) and equivalent continuous noise level (Leq).
As previously stated, the approach used in this noise study recognizes that there is no single noise
increase that renders a noise impact significant, based on a 2008 California Court of Appeal ruling on
Gray v. County of Madera. (4) For example, if the ambient noise environment is quiet (<60 dBA) and the
new noise source greatly increases the noise levels, an impact may occur if the noise criteria may be
exceeded. Therefore, for this analysis, a readily perceptible 5 dBA or greater project-related noise level
increase is considered a significant impact when the without project noise levels are below 60 dBA. Per
the FICON, in areas where the without project noise levels range from 60 to 65 dBA, a 3 dBA barely
perceptible noise level increase appears to be appropriate for most people. When the without project
noise levels already exceed 65 dBA, any increase in community noise louder than 1.5 dBA or greater is
considered a significant impact if the noise criteria for a given land use is exceeded, since it likely
contributes to an existing noise exposure exceedance.
The FICON guidance provides an established source of criteria to assess the impacts of substantial
temporary or permanent increase in baseline ambient noise levels. Based on the FICON criteria, the
amount to which a given noise level increase is considered acceptable is reduced when the without
Project (baseline) noise levels are already shown to exceed certain land-use specific exterior noise level
criteria. The specific levels are based on typical responses to noise level increases of 5 dBA or readily
perceptible, 3 dBA or barely perceptible, and 1.5 dBA depending on the underlying without Project noise
levels for noise-sensitive uses. These levels of increases and their perceived acceptance at noise
sensitive receiver locations are consistent with guidance provided by both the Federal Highway
Administration (6 p. 9) and Caltrans (7 p. 2_48).
TRAFFIC NOISE LEVEL INCREASES
Table 5 shows that the current General Plan (R-SF): Single-Family land use will produce an exterior CNEL
noise level of 70.1 dBA CNEL, without accounting for any noise attenuation features such as noise
barriers or topography. Table 5 shows the Proposed General Plan (R-MFMH): Multi-family will produce
Ms. Tracy Zinn
T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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15283-02 Noise Memo
an exterior CNEL noise level of 70.3 dBA CNEL. The noise assessment demonstrates that the proposed
Project GPA and ZC will generate an off-site traffic noise level increase of 0.2 dBA CNEL due to maximum
development potential of 217 units. Based on the FICON significance criteria for off-site traffic noise,
land uses adjacent to the study area roadway segments would experience less than significant noise
level increases due to the Project-related traffic.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the FICON significance criteria for off-site traffic noise, land uses adjacent to the study area
roadway segments would experience less than significant noise level increases due to the Project-related
traffic. If you have any questions, please contact me directly at (949) 584-3148.
Respectfully submitted,
URBAN CROSSROADS, INC.
Bill Lawson, P.E., INCE
Principal
REFERENCES
1. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. FHWA Highway Traffic Noise
Prediction Model. December 1978. FHWA-RD-77-108.
2. California Department of Transportation Environmental Program, Office of Environmental
Engineering. Use of California Vehicle Noise Reference Energy Mean Emission Levels (Calveno
REMELs) in FHWA Highway Traffic Noise Prediction. September 1995. TAN 95-03.
3. California Department of Transportation. Traffic Noise Attenuation as a Function of Ground and
Vegetation Final Report. June 1995. FHWA/CA/TL-95/23.
4. California Court of Appeal. Gray v. County of Madera, F053661. 167 Cal.App.4th 1099; - Cal.Rptr.3d,
October 2008.
5. Federal Interagency Committee on Noise. Federal Agency Review of Selected Airport Noise Analysis
Issues. August 1992.
6. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Environment and
Planning, Noise and Air Quality Branch. Highway Traffic Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy and
Guidance. December 2011.
7. California Department of Transportation. Technical Noise Supplement. November 2009.
Ms. Tracy Zinn
T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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15283-02 Noise Memo
TABLE 1: OFF-SITE ROADWAY PARAMETERS
ID Roadway Segment Receiving
Land Use1 Classification2
Distance from
Centerline to
Receiving Land Use
(Feet)2
Vehicle
Speed
(mph)
1 Alder Ave. n/o Merrill Ave. Sensitive Secondary Highway 46' 40
1 City of Fontana General Plan Land Use Map.
2 City of Fontana General Plan Circulation Element.
3 Distance to receiving land use is based upon the right-of-way distances for each roadway classification provided in the Circulation Element.
TABLE 2: AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES
ID Roadway Segment
Average Daily Traffic Volumes1
Current
General Plan (R-SF)1
Proposed
General Plan (R-
MFMH)2
1 Alder Ave. n/o Merrill Ave. 14,538 15,366
1 Foothill/Maple & Arrow/Laurel Residential Zone Change Focused Traffic Impact Analysis, Urban Crossroads, Inc.
2 Alder & Merrill Trip Generation Assessment, Urban Crossroads, Inc.
TABLE 3: TIME OF DAY VEHICLE SPLITS
Vehicle Type Time of Day Splits1 Total of Time of
Day Splits Daytime Evening Nighttime
Autos 77.50% 12.90% 9.60% 100.00%
Medium Trucks 84.80% 4.90% 10.30% 100.00%
Heavy Trucks 86.50% 2.70% 10.80% 100.00%
Typical Southern California vehicle mix. Vehicle mix percentage values rounded to the nearest one-hundredth.
"Daytime" = 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.; "Evening" = 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.; "Nighttime" = 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.
TABLE 4: VEHICLE MIX
Classification
Total % Traffic Flow
Total Autos Medium Trucks Heavy Trucks
All Segments 95.52% 2.33% 2.15% 100.00%
Based on an existing PM peak hour vehicle count taken at Citrus Avenue and Jurupa Avenue (Goodman Industrial Park
Fontana III Traffic Impact Analysis.). Vehicle mix percentage values rounded to the nearest one-hundredth.
Ms. Tracy Zinn
T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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15283-02 Noise Memo
TABLE 5: PROJECT TRAFFIC NOISE LEVEL INCREASES
ID Road Segment Receiving
Land Use1
CNEL at Receiving
Land Use (dBA)1
Noise Level Increase
Significance Criteria2 Significant
Impact? No
Project
With
Project
Project
Increase Criteria Exceeded?
1 Alder Ave. n/o Merrill Ave. Sensitive 70.1 70.3 0.2 1.5 No No
1 The CNEL is calculated at the boundary of the right-of-way of each roadway and the property line of the receiving land use.
2 Does the Project create an off-site transportation related noise level increase exceeding the FICON significance criteria?
Ms. Tracy Zinn
T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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15283-02 Noise Memo
ATTACHMENT A
PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT
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T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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A-1: EXISTING GENERAL PLAN LAND USE AND ZONING
A-2: PROPOSED CHANGE OF ZONE
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T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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T&B Planning, Inc.
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ATTACHMENT B
OFF-SITE TRAFFIC NOISE CALCULATIONS
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T&B Planning, Inc.
March 16, 2023
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FHWA-RD-77-108 HIGHWAY NOISE PREDICTION MODEL
SITE SPECIFIC INPUT DATA
Project Name:Alder & Merrill
Job Number:15283
Road Segment:n/o Merrill Ave.
Road Name:Alder Ave.
Scenario:Existing
14,538
10.00%
46.0
NOISE MODEL INPUTS
Average Daily Traffic (Adt):
Peak Hour Percentage:
Peak Hour Volume:1,454 vehicles
Centerline Dist. to Barrier:
46.0Centerline Dist. to Observer:
Highway Data
feet
feet
vehicles
Road Elevation:0.0
Road Grade:0.0%
Pad Elevation:0.0
Site Data
Site Conditions (Hard = 10, Soft = 15)
Medium Trucks (2 Axles):15
Heavy Trucks (3+ Axles):15
Autos:15
Vehicle Mix
feet
feet Lane Equivalent Distance (in feet)
Barrier Height:0.0
Observer Height (Above Pad):5.0 feet
feet
40 mphVehicle Speed:
Near/Far Lane Distance:52 feet
REMEL Traffic Flow Distance
0.10
VehicleType Day Evening Night Daily
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:77.5%12.9%9.6%95.52%
84.8%4.9%10.3%2.33%
86.5%2.7%10.8%2.15%
1.64
Finite Road
-1.20
Left View:-90.0
Right View:90.0
degrees
degrees
Barrier Atten
FHWA Noise Model Calculations
0.0Barrier Distance to Observer:feet
Barrier Type (0-Wall, 1-Berm):0.0
0.000 0.000
Fresnel Berm Atten
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:
VehicleType
77.72 -16.03 1.68 -1.20 0.000 0.000
82.99 -16.38 1.67 -1.20 0.000 0.000
-4.63
-4.87
-5.47
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:
66.51
Noise Source Elevations (in feet)
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:0.000
2.297
8.006
38.275
38.043
38.066
Grade Adjustment:0.0
Unmitigated Noise Levels (without Topo and barrier attenuation)
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:
VehicleType Leq Peak Hour Leq Day Leq Evening Leq Night CNELLdn
67.0 65.2 63.4 57.3 66.666.0
62.2
67.1
60.7 54.3 52.8 61.461.2
65.7 56.6 57.9 66.466.2
Vehicle Noise:70.7 69.1 64.6 61.3 70.169.8
Centerline Distance to Noise Contour (in feet)
CNEL:
Ldn:
70 dBA 65 dBA 55 dBA60 dBA
44 96 443206
47 101 468217
Friday, March 10, 2023
FHWA-RD-77-108 HIGHWAY NOISE PREDICTION MODEL
SITE SPECIFIC INPUT DATA
Project Name:Alder & Merrill
Job Number:15283
Road Segment:n/o Merrill Ave.
Road Name:Alder Ave.
Scenario:E+P
15,366
10.00%
46.0
NOISE MODEL INPUTS
Average Daily Traffic (Adt):
Peak Hour Percentage:
Peak Hour Volume:1,537 vehicles
Centerline Dist. to Barrier:
46.0Centerline Dist. to Observer:
Highway Data
feet
feet
vehicles
Road Elevation:0.0
Road Grade:0.0%
Pad Elevation:0.0
Site Data
Site Conditions (Hard = 10, Soft = 15)
Medium Trucks (2 Axles):15
Heavy Trucks (3+ Axles):15
Autos:15
Vehicle Mix
feet
feet Lane Equivalent Distance (in feet)
Barrier Height:0.0
Observer Height (Above Pad):5.0 feet
feet
40 mphVehicle Speed:
Near/Far Lane Distance:52 feet
REMEL Traffic Flow Distance
0.34
VehicleType Day Evening Night Daily
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:77.5%12.9%9.6%95.52%
84.8%4.9%10.3%2.33%
86.5%2.7%10.8%2.15%
1.64
Finite Road
-1.20
Left View:-90.0
Right View:90.0
degrees
degrees
Barrier Atten
FHWA Noise Model Calculations
0.0Barrier Distance to Observer:feet
Barrier Type (0-Wall, 1-Berm):0.0
0.000 0.000
Fresnel Berm Atten
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:
VehicleType
77.72 -15.79 1.68 -1.20 0.000 0.000
82.99 -16.14 1.67 -1.20 0.000 0.000
-4.63
-4.87
-5.47
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:
66.51
Noise Source Elevations (in feet)
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:0.000
2.297
8.006
38.275
38.043
38.066
Grade Adjustment:0.0
Unmitigated Noise Levels (without Topo and barrier attenuation)
Medium Trucks:
Heavy Trucks:
Autos:
VehicleType Leq Peak Hour Leq Day Leq Evening Leq Night CNELLdn
67.3 65.4 63.6 57.6 66.866.2
62.4
67.3
60.9 54.5 53.0 61.761.5
65.9 56.9 58.1 66.666.5
Vehicle Noise:71.0 69.3 64.9 61.5 70.370.0
Centerline Distance to Noise Contour (in feet)
CNEL:
Ldn:
70 dBA 65 dBA 55 dBA60 dBA
46 99 460214
49 105 485225
Friday, March 10, 2023