HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix L - Noise AssesementFebruary 2023
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS
POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT
FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
LSA
February 2023
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS
POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT
CITY OF FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
Submitted to:
EPD Solutions, Inc.
2355 Main Street, Suite 100
Irvine, California 92614
Prepared by:
LSA
20 Executive Park, Suite 200
Irvine, California 92614
(949) 553-0666
Project No. ESL2201.19
LSA
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIGURES AND TABLES ............................................................................................................................. ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................ iii
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1
Project Location and Description .................................................................................................. 1
Existing Land Uses in the Project Area .......................................................................................... 4
NOISE AND VIBRATION FUNDAMENTALS .................................................................... 5
Characteristics of Sound ................................................................................................................ 5
Measurement of Sound................................................................................................................. 5
Physiological Effects of Noise ............................................................................................................. 6
Fundamentals of Vibration ............................................................................................................ 8
REGULATORY SETTING .............................................................................................. 10
Applicable Noise Standards ......................................................................................................... 10
City of Fontana ................................................................................................................................. 10
State of California Green Building Standards Code .......................................................................... 11
Federal Transit Administration ......................................................................................................... 11
Applicable Vibration Standards ................................................................................................... 12
Federal Transit Administration ......................................................................................................... 12
OVERVIEW OF THE EXISTING NOISE ENVIRONMENT .................................................. 13
Ambient Noise Measurements ................................................................................................... 13
Long-Term Noise Measurements ..................................................................................................... 13
Existing Aircraft Noise ................................................................................................................. 13
PROJECT IMPACTS .................................................................................................... 16
Short-Term Construction Noise Impacts ..................................................................................... 16
Short-Term Construction Vibration Impacts ............................................................................... 19
Long-Term Off-Site Traffic Noise Impacts ................................................................................... 20
Long-Term Traffic-Related Vibration Impacts ............................................................................. 21
Long-Term Off-Site Stationary Noise Impacts ............................................................................. 21
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Equipment .................................................................... 21 Truck Deliveries and Truck Loading and Unloading Activities .......................................................... 21
BEST CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES .............................................................................. 23
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 24
APPENDICES
A: NOISE MONITORING DATA
B: CONSTRUCTION NOISE LEVEL CALCULATIONS
C: SOUNDPLAN NOISE MODEL PRINTOUTS
LSA
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
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FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
Figure 1: Project Location ....................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 2: Site Plan ................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 3: Noise Monitoring Locations .................................................................................................. 14
TABLES
Table A: Definitions of Acoustical Terms ................................................................................................ 7
Table B: Common Sound Levels and Their Noise Sources...................................................................... 8
Table C: Operational Noise Standards .................................................................................................. 11
Table D: Detailed Assessment Daytime Construction Noise Criteria ................................................... 11
Table E: Interpretation of Vibration Criteria for Detailed Analysis ...................................................... 12
Table F: Construction Vibration Damage Criteria ................................................................................. 12
Table G: Long-Term 24-Hour Ambient Noise Monitoring Results........................................................ 13
Table H: Typical Construction Equipment Noise Levels ....................................................................... 17
Table I: Potential Construction Noise Impacts at Nearest Receptor .................................................... 18
Table J: Vibration Source Amplitudes for Construction Equipment ..................................................... 19
Table K: Summary of Construction Vibration Levels ............................................................................ 20
Table L: Daytime Exterior Noise Level Impacts .................................................................................... 22
Table M: Nighttime Exterior Noise Level Impacts ................................................................................ 22
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
City City of Fontana
CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level
dBA A-weighted decibel
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
ft feet
FTA Federal Transit Administration
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
in/sec inches per second
Ldn day-night average noise level
Leq equivalent continuous sound level
Lmax maximum instantaneous sound level
ONT Ontario International Airport
ONT ALUCP Ontario International Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan
PPV peak particle velocity
project Poplar South Distribution Center Project
RMS root-mean-square
sf square feet
SPL sound power level
VdB vibration velocity decibels
LSA
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INTRODUCTION
This noise and vibration impact analysis has been prepared to evaluate the potential noise and
vibration impacts and reduction measures associated with the Poplar South Distribution Center
Project (project) in Fontana, California. This report is intended to satisfy the City of Fontana (City)
requirement for a project-specific noise impact analysis by examining the impacts of the project site
and evaluating noise reduction measures that the project may require.
PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The 19.08-acre proposed project is located between Poplar Avenue and Catawba Avenue
approximately 650 feet (ft) south of Santa Ana Avenue in the City of Fontana, California. The project
site is currently developed with 40 existing single-family residential units and accessory structures
bisected by Rose Avenue. Regional access to the project site is provided by Interstate 10 (I-10) off
the Citrus Avenue exit. Local access is provided via four driveways: two from Poplar Avenue and two
from Catawba Avenue. Figure 1 illustrates the project site location. Figure 2 depicts the proposed
project’s site plan.
The project proposes the demolition of the existing 40 residences on the site and associated
structures to construct an industrial building totaling 490,565 square feet (sf) of industrial
warehouse including office space. The project would include approximately 62,000 sf of landscaping
around the perimeter of the site and in between parking areas. Parking spaces required by City code
would be maintained in one parking lot and would consist of 210 passenger parking spaces including
electric vehicle (EV) and accessible Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) spaces, 98 trailer spaces,
and 42 loading dock doors.
Typical operational characteristics include employees traveling to and from the site, delivery of
products to the site, truck loading and unloading, and truck maintenance operations. The project is
anticipated to operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. The proposed project would generate
approximately 687 average daily trips, including 547 passenger vehicle trips, 24 two-axle truck trips,
32 three-axle truck trips, and 84 four-axle truck trips.
Construction is anticipated to begin in April 2024 and be completed in 10 months, ending in January
2025. The proposed project would require the export of approximately 48,492 cubic yards and the
import of 39,749 cubic yards of soil, for a net export of 8,743 cubic yards of soil. Construction
activities for the project include demolition, grading and excavation, site preparation, building
construction, landscape installation, paving, and architectural coatings.
LSA
SOURCE: Bing Maps (2021)
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FIGURE 1
Poplar South Distribution Center
Regional Project Location
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LSA
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FIGURE 2
SOURCE: RGA Architecture
I:\ESL2201.19\G\Site_Plan.ai (1/19/2023)
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NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
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EXISTING LAND USES IN THE PROJECT AREA
The project site is surrounded primarily by general industrial facilities. The areas adjacent to the
project site include the following uses:
• North: Existing industrial uses
• East: Existing industrial uses opposite Catawba Avenue
• South: Existing industrial uses
• West: Existing industrial uses opposite Poplar Avenue
The nearest sensitive receptors are:
• Northeast: Single-family residences approximately 1,325 ft northeast of the project boundary
line south of Tyrol Drive
• South: Single-family residences approximately 1,500 ft south of the project boundary line south
of Jurupa Avenue
LSA
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
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NOISE AND VIBRATION FUNDAMENTALS
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND
Noise is usually defined as unwanted sound. Noise consists of any sound that may produce
physiological or psychological damage and/or interfere with communication, work, rest, recreation,
and sleep.
To the human ear, sound has two significant characteristics: pitch and loudness. Pitch is generally an
annoyance, while loudness can affect the ability to hear. Pitch is the number of complete vibrations,
or cycles per second, of a sound wave, which results in the tone’s range from high to low. Loudness
is the strength of a sound, and it describes a noisy or quiet environment; it is measured by the
amplitude of the sound wave. Loudness is determined by the intensity of the sound waves
combined with the reception characteristics of the human ear. Sound intensity is the average rate of
sound energy transmitted through a unit area perpendicular to the direction in which the sound
waves are traveling. This characteristic of sound can be precisely measured with instruments. The
analysis of a project defines the noise environment of the project area in terms of sound intensity
and its effect on adjacent sensitive land uses.
MEASUREMENT OF SOUND
Sound intensity is measured with the A-weighted decibel (dBA) scale to correct for the relative
frequency response of the human ear. That is, an A-weighted noise level de-emphasizes low and
very high frequencies of sound, similar to the human ear’s de-emphasis of these frequencies.
Decibels (dB), unlike the linear scale (e.g., inches or pounds), are measured on a logarithmic scale
representing points on a sharply rising curve.
For example, 10 dB is 10 times more intense than 0 dB, 20 dB is 100 times more intense than 0 dB,
and 30 dB is 1,000 times more intense than 0 dB. Thirty decibels (30 dB) represents 1,000 times as
much acoustic energy as 0 dB. The decibel scale increases as the square of the change, representing
the sound pressure energy. A sound as soft as human breathing is about 10 times greater than 0 dB.
The decibel system of measuring sound gives a rough connection between the physical intensity of
sound and its perceived loudness to the human ear. A 10 dB increase in sound level is perceived by
the human ear as only a doubling of the sound’s loudness. Ambient sounds generally range from
30 dB (very quiet) to 100 dB (very loud).
Sound levels are generated from a source, and their decibel level decreases as the distance from
that source increases. Sound levels dissipate exponentially with distance from their noise sources.
For a single point source, sound levels decrease approximately 6 dB for each doubling of distance
from the source. This drop-off rate is appropriate for noise generated by stationary equipment.
If noise is produced by a line source (e.g., highway traffic or railroad operations), the sound
decreases 3 dB for each doubling of distance in a hard site environment. Line source sound levels
decrease 4.5 dB for each doubling of distance in a relatively flat environment with absorptive
vegetation.
LSA
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There are many ways to rate noise for various time periods, but an appropriate rating of ambient
noise affecting humans also accounts for the annoying effects of sound. The equivalent continuous
sound level (Leq) is the total sound energy of time-varying noise over a sample period. However, the
predominant rating scales for human communities in the State of California are the Leq and
Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) or the day-night average noise level (Ldn) based on
A-weighted decibels. CNEL is the time-weighted average noise over a 24-hour period, with a
5 dBA weighting factor applied to the hourly Leq for noises occurring from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.
(defined as relaxation hours) and a 10 dBA weighting factor applied to noises occurring from
10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. (defined as sleeping hours). Ldn is similar to the CNEL scale but without the
adjustment for events occurring during the relaxation. CNEL and Ldn are within 1 dBA of each other
and are normally interchangeable. The City uses the CNEL noise scale for long-term traffic noise
impact assessment.
Other noise rating scales of importance when assessing the annoyance factor include the maximum
instantaneous noise level (Lmax), which is the highest sound level that occurs during a stated time
period. The noise environments discussed in this analysis for short-term noise impacts are specified
in terms of maximum levels denoted by Lmax, which reflects peak operating conditions and addresses
the annoying aspects of intermittent noise. It is often used together with another noise scale, or
noise standards in terms of percentile noise levels, in noise ordinances for enforcement purposes.
For example, the L10 noise level represents the noise level exceeded 10 percent of the time during a
stated period. The L50 noise level represents the median noise level. Half the time the noise level
exceeds this level, and half the time it is less than this level. The L90 noise level represents the noise
level exceeded 90 percent of the time and is considered the background noise level during a
monitoring period. For a relatively constant noise source, the Leq and L50 are approximately the
same.
Noise impacts can be described in three categories. The first category includes audible impacts,
which are increases in noise levels noticeable to humans. Audible increases in noise levels generally
refer to a change of 3 dB or greater because this level has been found to be barely perceptible in
exterior environments. The second category, potentially audible, refers to a change in the noise
level between 1 dB and 3 dB. This range of noise levels has been found to be noticeable only in
laboratory environments. The last category includes changes in noise levels of less than 1 dB, which
are inaudible to the human ear. Only audible changes in existing ambient or background noise levels
are considered potentially significant.
Physiological Effects of Noise
Physical damage to human hearing begins at prolonged exposure to sound levels higher than
85 dBA. Exposure to high sound levels affects the entire system, with prolonged sound exposure in
excess of 75 dBA increasing body tensions, thereby affecting blood pressure and functions of the
heart and the nervous system. In comparison, extended periods of sound exposure above
90 dBA would result in permanent cell damage. When the sound level reaches 120 dBA, a tickling
sensation occurs in the human ear, even with short-term exposure. This level of sound is called the
threshold of feeling. As the sound reaches 140 dBA, the tickling sensation is replaced by a feeling of
pain in the ear (i.e., the threshold of pain). A sound level of 160–165 dBA will result in dizziness or a
LSA
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
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loss of equilibrium. The ambient or background noise problem is widespread and generally more
concentrated in urban areas than in outlying, less developed areas.
Table A lists definitions of acoustical terms, and Table B shows common sound levels and their
sources.
Table A: Definitions of Acoustical Terms
Term Definitions
Decibel, dB A unit of sound measurement that denotes the ratio between two quantities that are
proportional to power; the number of decibels is 10 times the logarithm (to the base 10) of
this ratio.
Frequency, Hz Of a function periodic in time, the number of times that the quantity repeats itself in 1
second (i.e., the number of cycles per second).
A-Weighted Sound
Level, dBA
The sound level obtained by use of A-weighting. The A-weighting filter de-emphasizes the
very low and very high frequency components of the sound in a manner similar to the
frequency response of the human ear and correlates well with subjective reactions to noise.
(All sound levels in this report are A-weighted unless reported otherwise.)
L01, L10, L50, L90 The fast A-weighted noise levels that are equaled or exceeded by a fluctuating sound level
1%, 10%, 50%, and 90% of a stated time period, respectively.
Equivalent Continuous
Noise Level, Leq
The level of a steady sound that, in a stated time period and at a stated location, has the
same A-weighted sound energy as the time-varying sound.
Community Noise
Equivalent Level, CNEL
The 24-hour A-weighted average sound level from midnight to midnight, obtained after the
addition of 5 dBA to sound levels occurring in the evening from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. and
after the addition of 10 dBA to sound levels occurring in the night between 10:00 p.m. and
7:00 a.m.
Day/Night Noise Level,
Ldn
The 24-hour A-weighted average sound level from midnight to midnight, obtained after the
addition of 10 dBA to sound levels occurring in the night between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.
Lmax, Lmin The maximum and minimum A-weighted sound levels measured on a sound level meter,
during a designated time interval, using fast time averaging.
Ambient Noise Level The all-encompassing noise associated with a given environment at a specified time. Usually
a composite of sound from many sources from many directions, near and far; no particular sound is dominant.
Intrusive The noise that intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given location. The
relative intrusiveness of a sound depends upon its amplitude, duration, frequency, time of
occurrence, and tonal or informational content, as well as the prevailing ambient noise level.
Source: Handbook of Acoustical Measurements and Noise Control (Harris 1991).
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Table B: Common Sound Levels and Their Noise Sources
Noise Source A-Weighted Sound Level in Decibels Noise Environments Subjective Evaluations
Near Jet Engine 140 Deafening 128 times as loud
Civil Defense Siren 130 Threshold of Pain 64 times as loud
Hard Rock Band 120 Threshold of Feeling 32 times as loud
Accelerating Motorcycle at a Few Feet Away 110 Very Loud 16 times as loud
Pile Driver; Noisy Urban Street/Heavy City
Traffic 100 Very Loud 8 times as loud
Ambulance Siren; Food Blender 95 Very Loud —
Garbage Disposal 90 Very Loud 4 times as loud
Freight Cars; Living Room Music 85 Loud —
Pneumatic Drill; Vacuum Cleaner 80 Loud 2 times as loud
Busy Restaurant 75 Moderately Loud —
Near Freeway Auto Traffic 70 Moderately Loud Reference level
Average Office 60 Quiet One-half as loud
Suburban Street 55 Quiet —
Light Traffic; Soft Radio Music in Apartment 50 Quiet One-quarter as loud
Large Transformer 45 Quiet —
Average Residence without Stereo Playing 40 Faint One-eighth as loud
Soft Whisper 30 Faint —
Rustling Leaves 20 Very Faint —
Human Breathing 10 Very Faint Threshold of Hearing
— 0 Very Faint —
Source: Compiled by LSA (2022).
FUNDAMENTALS OF VIBRATION
Vibration refers to ground-borne noise and perceptible motion. Ground-borne vibration is almost
exclusively a concern inside buildings and is rarely perceived as a problem outdoors, where the
motion may be discernible, but without the effects associated with the shaking of a building there is
less adverse reaction. Vibration energy propagates from a source through intervening soil and rock
layers to the foundations of nearby buildings. The vibration then propagates from the foundation
throughout the remainder of the structure. Building vibration may be perceived by occupants as the
motion of building surfaces, the rattling of items sitting on shelves or hanging on walls, or a low-
frequency rumbling noise. The rumbling noise is caused by the vibration of walls, floors, and ceilings
that radiate sound waves. Annoyance from vibration often occurs when the vibration exceeds the
threshold of perception by 10 dB or less. This is an order of magnitude below the damage threshold
for normal buildings.
Typical sources of ground-borne vibration are construction activities (e.g., blasting, pile-driving, and
operating heavy-duty earthmoving equipment), steel-wheeled trains, and occasional traffic on rough
roads. Problems with both ground-borne vibration and noise from these sources are usually
localized to areas within approximately 100 ft from the vibration source, although there are
examples of ground-borne vibration causing interference out to distances greater than 200 ft (FTA
2018). When roadways are smooth, vibration from traffic, even heavy trucks, is rarely perceptible. It
is assumed for most projects that the roadway surface will be smooth enough that ground-borne
LSA
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
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vibration from street traffic will not exceed the impact criteria; however, construction of the project
could result in ground-borne vibration that may be perceptible and annoying.
Ground-borne noise is not likely to be a problem because noise arriving via the normal airborne path
will usually be greater than ground-borne noise.
Ground-borne vibration has the potential to disturb people and damage buildings. Although it is
very rare for train-induced ground-borne vibration to cause even cosmetic building damage, it is not
uncommon for construction processes such as blasting and pile-driving to cause vibration of
sufficient amplitudes to damage nearby buildings (FTA 2018). Ground-borne vibration is usually
measured in terms of vibration velocity, either the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity or peak particle
velocity (PPV). The RMS is best for characterizing human response to building vibration, and PPV is
used to characterize the potential for damage. Decibel notation acts to compress the range of
numbers required to describe vibration. Vibration velocity level in decibels is defined as
Lv = 20 log10 [V/Vref]
where “Lv” is the vibration velocity in decibels (VdB), “V” is the RMS velocity amplitude, and “Vref” is
the reference velocity amplitude, or 1 x 10-6 inches/second (in/sec) used in the United States.
LSA
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
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REGULATORY SETTING
APPLICABLE NOISE STANDARDS
The applicable noise standards governing the project site include the criteria in the City’s Noise
Element of the General Plan (Noise Element) and the City of Fontana Municipal Code (FMC).
City of Fontana
Noise Element of the General Plan
The Noise Element provides the City’s goals and policies related to noise, including the land use
compatibility guidelines for community exterior noise environments. The City has identified the
following policies in the Noise Element:
Policy. Residential land uses and areas identified as noise-sensitive shall be protected from excessive
noise from non-transportation sources including industrial, commercial, and residential activities and
equipment.
Actions.
A. Projects located in commercial areas shall not exceed stationary- source noise standards at the
property line of proximate residential or commercial uses.
B. Industrial uses shall not exceed commercial or residential stationary source noise standards at
the most proximate land uses.
C. Non-transportation noise shall be considered in land use planning decisions.
D. Construction shall be performed as quietly as feasible when performed in proximity to
residential or other noise sensitive land uses.
City of Fontana Municipal Code
Operational Noise Standards. The City’s noise control guidelines for determining and mitigating
non-transportation or stationary noise source impacts from operations in neighboring residential
areas are found in Section 30-543. For industrial zoning districts, Section 30-543 indicates that “no
person shall create or cause to be created any sound which exceeds the noise levels in this section as
measured at the property line of any residentially zoned property”. The performance standards
found in Section 30-543 limit the exterior noise level to 70 dBA Leq during the daytime hours, and 65
dBA Leq during the nighttime hours at sensitive receiver locations as shown in Table C.
Construction Noise Standards. The City has set restrictions to control noise impacts associated with
the construction of the proposed Project. According to Section 18-63(b)(7), Construction or repairing
of buildings or structures, construction activity is limited: between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00
p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays except in the case
of urgent necessity.
LSA
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Table C: Operational Noise Standards
Noise Level Descriptor Daytime (7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.) Nighttime (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.)
Hourly Equivalent Level (Leq), dBA 70 65
Source: City of Fontana (2021). Notes:
a These standards apply to new or existing noise-sensitive land uses affected by new or existing non-transportation noise sources,
as determined at the outdoor activity area of the receiving land use. However, these noise level standards do not apply to
residential units established in conjunction with industrial or commercial uses (e.g., caretaker dwellings).
b Each of the noise levels specified above should be lowered by 5 dB for simple-tone noises, noises consisting primarily of speech or music, or for recurring impulsive noises. Such noises are generally considered by residents to be particularly annoying and are a
primary source of noise complaints. These noise level standards do not apply to residential units established in conjunction with
industrial or commercial uses (e.g., caretaker dwellings).
c No standards have been included for interior noise levels. Standard construction practices that comply with the exterior noise levels identified in this table generally result in acceptable interior noise levels.
d The City of Fontana may impose noise level standards that are more or less restrictive than those specified above based on
determination of existing low or high ambient noise levels. If the existing ambient noise level exceeds the standards listed in this
table, then the noise level standards shall be increased at 3 dB increments to encompass the ambient environment. Noise level standards incorporating adjustments for existing ambient noise levels shall not exceed a maximum of 70 dBA Leq.
dBA = A-weighted decibels
Leq = equivalent continuous sound level
State of California Green Building Standards Code
The State of California’s Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) contains mandatory measures
for non-residential building construction in Section 5.507 on Environmental Comfort. These noise
standards are applied to new construction in California for controlling interior noise levels resulting
from exterior noise sources. The regulations specify that acoustical studies must be prepared when
non-residential structures are developed in areas where the exterior noise levels exceed 65 dBA
CNEL, such as within a noise contour of an airport, freeway, railroad, and other noise source. If the
development falls within an airport or freeway 65 dBA CNEL noise contour, buildings shall be
construction to provide an interior noise level environment attributable to exterior sources that
does not exceed an hourly equivalent level of 50 dBA Leq in occupied areas during any hour of
operation.
Federal Transit Administration
Though the City does not have daytime construction noise level limits for activities that occur with
the specified hours of Section 18-63(b)(7), to determine potential CEQA noise impacts, construction
noise was assessed using criteria from the Federal Transit Administration’s (FTA) Transit Noise and
Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (FTA 2018) (FTA Manual). Table D shows the FTA’s Detailed
Assessment Construction Noise Criteria based on the composite noise levels per construction phase.
Table D: Detailed Assessment Daytime Construction Noise Criteria
Land Use Daytime 1-hour Leq (dBA)
Residential 80
Commercial 85
Industrial 90
Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (FTA 2018). dBA = A-weighted decibels
Leq = equivalent continuous sound level
LSA
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APPLICABLE VIBRATION STANDARDS
Federal Transit Administration
Vibration standards included in the FTA Manual are used in this analysis for ground-borne vibration
impacts on human annoyance. The criteria for environmental impact from ground-borne vibration
and noise are based on the maximum levels for a single event. Table E provides the criteria for
assessing the potential for interference or annoyance from vibration levels in a building.
Table E: Interpretation of Vibration Criteria for Detailed Analysis
Land Use Max Lv
(VdB)1 Description of Use
Workshop 90 Vibration that is distinctly felt. Appropriate for workshops and similar areas not as sensitive to vibration.
Office 84 Vibration that can be felt. Appropriate for offices and similar
areas not as sensitive to vibration.
Residential Day 78 Vibration that is barely felt. Adequate for computer equipment and low-power optical microscopes (up to 20×).
Residential Night and Operating Rooms 72
Vibration is not felt, but ground-borne noise may be audible
inside quiet rooms. Suitable for medium-power microscopes
(100×) and other equipment of low sensitivity.
Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (FTA 2018).
1 As measured in 1/3-Octave bands of frequency over the frequency range 8 to 80 Hertz.
FTA = Federal Transit Administration LV = velocity in decibels
VdB = vibration velocity decibels Max = maximum
Table F lists the potential vibration building damage criteria associated with construction activities,
as suggested in the FTA Manual. FTA guidelines show that a vibration level of up to 0.5 in/sec in PPV
is considered safe for buildings consisting of reinforced concrete, steel, or timber (no plaster), and
would not result in any construction vibration damage. For non-engineered timber and masonry
buildings, the construction building vibration damage criterion is 0.2 in/sec in PPV.
Table F: Construction Vibration Damage Criteria
Building Category PPV (in/sec)
Reinforced concrete, steel, or timber (no plaster) 0.50
Engineered concrete and masonry (no plaster) 0.30
Non-engineered timber and masonry buildings 0.20
Buildings extremely susceptible to vibration damage 0.12
Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (FTA 2018). FTA = Federal Transit Administration in/sec = inch/inches per second PPV = peak particle velocity
LSA
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OVERVIEW OF THE EXISTING NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The primary existing noise sources in the project area are industrial uses surrounding the project site
and road traffic, including some heavy-duty truck traffic.
AMBIENT NOISE MEASUREMENTS
Long-Term Noise Measurements
Long-term (24-hour) noise level measurements were conducted on April 25 and 26, 2022, using two
Larson Davis Spark 706RC dosimeters. Table G provides a summary of the measured hourly noise
levels and calculated CNEL levels from the long-term noise level measurements. As shown in Table
G, the calculated CNEL levels range from 65.0 dBA CNEL to 69.8 dBA CNEL. Hourly noise levels at
surrounding sensitive uses are as low as 49.9 dBA Leq during nighttime hours and 56.9 dBA Leq during
daytime and evening hours. Long-term noise monitoring data results are provided in Appendix A.
Figure 3 shows the long-term monitoring locations.
Table G: Long-Term 24-Hour Ambient Noise Monitoring Results
Location
Daytime
Noise Levels1
(dBA Leq)
Evening
Noise Levels2
(dBA Leq)
Nighttime
Noise Levels3
(dBA Leq)
Daily Noise
Levels
(dBA CNEL)
LT-1
11053 Catawba Ave., on a power line pole
approximately 25 feet east of Catawba
Ave. centerline and 40 feet from the east
boundary of the project site
57.0–64.7 56.9–59.2 49.9–60.9 65.0
LT-2
On a tree near southeast corner of
Catawba Ave. and Jurupa Ave.
intersection, approximately 100 feet
away from Jurupa Ave. centerline
65.9–69.2 63.9–65.9 58.1–65.5 69.8
Source: Compiled by LSA (2023).
Note: Noise measurements were conducted from April 25 to April 26, 2022, starting at 11:00 a.m.
1 Daytime Noise Levels = noise levels during the hours from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
2 Evening Noise Levels = noise levels during the hours from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.
3 Nighttime Noise Levels = noise levels during the hours from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.
dBA = A-weighted decibels
CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level Leq = equivalent continuous sound level
EXISTING AIRCRAFT NOISE
Aircraft flyovers may be audible on the project site due to aircraft activity in the vicinity. The nearest
airport to the project site is Ontario International Airport (ONT), a commercial airport approximately
7 miles to the west. The project site is located within the ONT Airport Influence Area according to
Policy Map 2-1 and the 60–65 dBA CNEL airport noise impact zone consistent with Policy Map 2-3 of
the Ontario International Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ONT ALUCP).
LSA
SOURCE: Google Earth 2022
FEET
5602800
FIGURE 3
Noise Monitoring Locations
I:\ESL2201.19\G\Noise_Locs.ai (1/19/2023)
Poplar South DistribuƟon Center
Project Location
Long-term Noise Monitoring Location
LEGEND
LT-1LT-1LT-1
LT-1LT-1LT-1
LT-2LT-2
Santa Ana AveSanta Ana Ave
Rose AveRose Ave
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Rose Ave
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□
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According to Table 2-3 of the ONT ALUCP, industrial land uses within the 60–65 dBA CNEL noise level
contours of ONT, such as the project, are considered normally compatible land use and must reduce
interior noise levels to 50 dBA CNEL. Standard building construction practices required under the
CALGreen typically provide up to 25 dBA CNEL of attenuation. With respect to noise generated by
the ONT facilities and activities, application of standard CALGreen construction practices would yield
acceptable project interior noise levels of approximately 40 dBA CNEL. In addition, the project does
not propose or require facilities or actions that would contribute to or exacerbate noise generated
by ONT facilities and activities. Therefore, the project would not be adversely affected by airport/
airfield noise, nor would the project contribute to or result in adverse airport/airfield noise impacts.
LSA
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PROJECT IMPACTS
SHORT-TERM CONSTRUCTION NOISE IMPACTS
Two types of short-term noise impacts could occur during the construction of the proposed project.
First, construction crew commutes and the transport of construction equipment and materials to
the site for the proposed project would incrementally increase noise levels on access roads leading
to the site. Although there would be a relatively high single-event noise-exposure potential causing
intermittent noise nuisance (passing trucks at 50 ft would generate up to 84 dBA Lmax), the effect on
longer-term ambient noise levels would be small when compared to existing daily traffic volumes on
Catawba Avenue and Poplar Avenue. Because construction-related vehicle trips would not approach
existing daily traffic volumes, traffic noise would not increase by 3 dBA CNEL. A noise level increase
of less than 3 dBA would not be perceptible to the human ear in an outdoor environment.
Therefore, short-term, construction-related impacts associated with worker commute and
equipment transport to the project site would be less than significant.
The second type of short-term noise impact is related to noise generated during construction which
includes demolition of the existing structures and other site improvements, site preparation,
grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating on the project site. Construction is
completed in discrete steps, each of which has its own mix of equipment and, consequently, its own
noise characteristics. These various sequential phases would change the character of the noise
generated on the site and, therefore, the noise levels surrounding the site as construction
progresses. Despite the variety in the type and size of construction equipment, similarities in the
dominant noise sources and patterns of operation allow construction-related noise ranges to be
categorized by work phase. Table H lists typical construction equipment noise levels recommended
for noise impact assessments, based on a distance of 50 ft between the equipment and a noise
receptor, taken from the FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model (FHWA 2006).
In addition to the reference maximum noise level, the usage factor provided in Table H is used to
calculate the hourly noise level impact for each piece of equipment based on the following
equation:
−+=50log20.).log(10..)(DFULEequipLeq
where: Leq (equip) = Leq at a receiver resulting from the operation of a single
piece of equipment over a specified time period.
E.L. = noise emission level of the particular piece of equipment at
a reference distance of 50 ft.
U.F. = usage factor that accounts for the fraction of time that the
equipment is in use over the specified period of time.
D = distance from the receiver to the piece of equipment.
LSA
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Table H: Typical Construction Equipment Noise Levels
Equipment Description Acoustical Usage Factor (%)1 Maximum Noise Level (Lmax) at 50 Feet2
Auger Drill Rig 20 84
Backhoes 40 80
Compactor (ground) 20 80
Compressor 40 80
Cranes 16 85
Dozers 40 85
Dump Trucks 40 84
Excavators 40 85
Flat Bed Trucks 40 84
Forklift 20 85
Front-end Loaders 40 80
Graders 40 85
Impact Pile Drivers 20 95
Jackhammers 20 85
Paver 50 77
Pickup Truck 40 55
Pneumatic Tools 50 85
Pumps 50 77
Rock Drills 20 85
Rollers 20 85
Scrapers 40 85
Tractors 40 84
Trencher 50 80
Welder 40 73
Source: FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model User’s Guide, Table 1 (FHWA 2006). Note: Noise levels reported in this table are rounded to the nearest whole number.
1 Usage factor is the percentage of time during a construction noise operation that a piece of construction equipment is operating at full power.
2 Maximum noise levels were developed based on Specification 721.560 from the Central Artery/Tunnel program to be consistent with
the City of Boston’s Noise Code for the “Big Dig” project. FHWA = Federal Highway Administration Lmax = maximum instantaneous sound level
Each piece of construction equipment operates as an individual point source. Using the following
equation, a composite noise level can be calculated when multiple sources of noise operate
simultaneously:
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝐿𝐿)=10 ∗log10 ��10𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿10𝐿𝐿
1 �
Using the equations from the methodology above, the reference information in Table H, and the
construction equipment list provided, the composite noise level of each construction phase was
calculated. The project construction composite noise levels at a distance of 50 ft would range from
74 dBA Leq to 88 dBA Leq, with the highest noise levels occurring during the site preparation phase.
LSA
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Once composite noise levels are calculated, reference noise levels can then be adjusted for distance
using the following equation: 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 (𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐𝐿𝐿 𝑋𝑋)=𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 (𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 50 𝑓𝑓𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑐𝑐)−20 ∗log10 �𝑋𝑋50�
In general, this equation shows that doubling the distance would decrease noise levels by 6 dBA
while halving the distance would increase noise levels by 6 dBA.
Table I shows the nearest sensitive uses to the project site, their distance from the center of
construction activities, and composite noise levels expected during construction. These noise level
projections do not consider intervening topography or barriers. Construction equipment calculations
are provided in Appendix B.
Table I: Potential Construction Noise Impacts at Nearest Receptor
Receptor (Location)
Composite Noise
Level (dBA Leq) at
50 feet1
Distance (feet)
Construction Noise
Level Standard
(dBA Leq)
Composite Noise Level (dBA Leq)
Industrial Uses (South)
88
400 90 70
Industrial Uses (North) 525 90 67
Industrial Uses (East) 740 90 64
Industrial Uses (West) 800 90 64
Residence (South) 1,860 80 56
Residence (Northeast) 1,940 80 56
Source: Compiled by LSA (2023).
1 The composite construction noise level represents the site preparation phase which is expected to result in the greatest noise
level as compared to other phases.
dBA Leq = average A-weighted hourly noise level
While construction noise will vary, it is expected that composite noise levels during construction at
the nearest off-site industrial uses to the south would reach 70 dBA Leq while construction noise
levels would approach 56 dBA Leq at the nearest sensitive residential uses to the south and northeast
during daytime hours. These predicted noise levels would only occur when all construction
equipment is operating simultaneously and therefore are assumed to be rather conservative in
nature. While construction-related short-term noise levels have the potential to be higher than
existing ambient noise levels in the project area under existing conditions, the noise impacts would
no longer occur once project construction is completed.
As stated above, noise impacts associated with construction activities are regulated by the City’s
noise ordinance. The proposed project would comply with the construction hours specified in the
City’s Noise Ordinance, which states that construction activities are allowed between the hours of
7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on
Saturdays except in the case of urgent necessity.
As it relates to off-site uses, construction-related noise impacts would remain below the 80 dBA Leq
and 90 dBA Leq 1-hour construction noise level criteria for daytime construction noise level criteria
LSA
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as established by the FTA for residential and industrial land uses, respectively, and therefore would
be considered less than significant.
Best construction practices presented at the end of this analysis shall be implemented to minimize
noise impacts to surrounding receptors.
SHORT-TERM CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION IMPACTS
This construction vibration impact analysis discusses the level of human annoyance using vibration
levels in VdB and assesses the potential for building damages using vibration levels in PPV (in/sec).
This is because vibration levels calculated in RMS are best for characterizing human response to
building vibration, while vibration level in PPV is best for characterizing potential for damage.
Table J shows the PPV and VdB values at 25 ft from the construction vibration source. As shown in
Table J, bulldozers, and other heavy-tracked construction equipment (expected to be used for this
project) generate approximately 0.089 PPV in/sec or 87 VdB of ground-borne vibration when
measured at 25 ft, based on the FTA Manual. The distance to the nearest buildings for vibration
impact analysis is measured between the nearest off-site buildings and the project construction
boundary (assuming the construction equipment would be used at or near the project setback line).
Table J: Vibration Source Amplitudes for Construction Equipment
Equipment Reference PPV/LV at 25 ft
PPV (in/sec) LV (VdB)1
Pile Driver (Impact), Typical 0.644 104
Pile Driver (Sonic), Typical 0.170 93
Vibratory Roller 0.210 94
Hoe Ram 0.089 87
Large Bulldozer2 0.089 87
Caisson Drilling 0.089 87
Loaded Trucks2 0.076 86
Jackhammer 0.035 79
Small Bulldozer 0.003 58
Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (FTA 2018).
1 RMS vibration velocity in decibels (VdB) is 1 µin/sec.
2 Equipment shown in bold is expected to be used on site. µin/sec = microinches per second ft = foot/feet
FTA = Federal Transit Administration
in/sec = inch/inches per second
LV = velocity in decibels PPV = peak particle velocity
RMS = root-mean-square
VdB = vibration velocity decibels
The formulae for vibration transmission are provided below and Table K below provides a summary
of off-site construction vibration levels.
LvdB (D) = LvdB (25 ft) – 30 Log (D/25)
PPVequip = PPVref x (25/D)1.5
LSA
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As shown in Table F, the FTA guidelines indicate that for a non-engineered timber and masonry
building, the construction vibration damage criterion is 0.2 in/sec in PPV. Based on the information
provide in Table K, vibration levels are expected to approach 0.027 at the surrounding structures
and would be below the 0.2 PPV in/sec threshold.
Table K: Summary of Construction Vibration Levels
Land Use Direction Equipment
Reference
Vibration Level (VdB) at 25 ft
Reference
Vibration Level (PPV) at 25 ft
Distance (ft)1
Maximum
Vibration Level (VdB)
Maximum
Vibration Level (PPV)
Industrial South
Large Bulldozers 87 0.089
55 77 0.027
Industrial East 75 73 0.017
Industrial West 110 68 0.010
Industrial North 140 65 0.007
Source: Compiled by LSA (2022).
1 Distances reflect the closest single-family residence to the construction equipment in each direction. All other homes in a given direction would experience lower vibration levels.
ft = foot/feet
FTA = Federal Transit Administration in/sec = inch/inches per second
PPV = peak particle velocity
VdB = vibration velocity decibels
As shown in Table E above, the threshold at which vibration levels would result in annoyance would
be 90 VdB for workshop or industrial type uses and 78 VdB for daytime residential uses. Based on
the information provided in Table K, vibration levels are expected to approach 77 VdB at the closest
industrial uses.
Other building structures surrounding the project site are farther away and would experience
further reduced vibration. Therefore, no construction vibration impacts would occur. No vibration
reduction measures are required.
LONG-TERM OFF-SITE TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACTS
As a result of the implementation of the proposed project, off-site traffic volumes on surrounding
roadways have the potential to increase. The proposed project trips generated were obtained from
the Trip Generation and Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Screening Analysis (EPD Solutions, Inc. 2022).
The proposed project would generate a net of 300 daily trips with an even distribution between
Catawba Avenue and Poplar Avenue. The existing (2016) average daily trips on Catawba Avenue and
Poplar Avenue are 600 and 2,100, respectively (City of Fontana General Plan Community Mobility
and Circulation Element 2018). While the current traffic volumes on the adjacent street segments
are likely higher, using the 2016 volumes would be considered conservative. The following equation
was used to determine the potential impacts of the project:
Change in CNEL = 10 𝑙𝑙𝑐𝑐𝑙𝑙10�𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒+𝑝𝑝/𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒�
where: Vexisting = existing daily volumes
Ve+p = existing daily volumes plus project
Change in CNEL = increase in noise level due to the project
LSA
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The results of the calculations show that an increase of approximately 1.0 dBA CNEL and 0.3 dBA
CNEL are expected along Catawba Avenue and Poplar Avenue, respectively. A noise level increase of
less than 3 dBA would not be perceptible to the human ear in an outdoor environment; therefore,
the traffic noise increase in the vicinity of the project site resulting from the proposed project would
be less than significant. No mitigation is required.
LONG-TERM TRAFFIC-RELATED VIBRATION IMPACTS
The proposed project would not generate vibration levels related to on-site operations. In addition,
vibration levels generated from project-related traffic on the adjacent roadways are unusual for on-
road vehicles because the rubber tires and suspension systems of on-road vehicles provide vibration
isolation. Based on a reference vibration level of 0.076 in/sec PPV, structures greater than 20 feet
from the roadways which contain project trips would experience vibration levels below the most
conservative standard of 0.12 in/sec PPV, and therefore, vibration levels generated from project-
related traffic on the adjacent roadways would be less than significant and no mitigation measures
are required.
LONG-TERM OFF-SITE STATIONARY NOISE IMPACTS
Adjacent off-site land uses would be potentially exposed to stationary-source noise impacts from
the proposed on-site heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment and truck
deliveries and loading and unloading activities. The potential noise impacts to off-site sensitive land
uses from the proposed HVAC equipment and truck delivery activities are discussed below. To
provide a conservative analysis, it is assumed that operations would occur equally during all hours of
the day and that half the 42 loading docks would be active at all times. Additionally, it is assumed
that within any given hour, 21 heavy trucks would maneuver to park near or back into one of the
proposed loading docks. To determine the future noise impacts from project operations to the noise
sensitive uses, a 3-D noise model, SoundPLAN, was used to incorporate the site topography as well
as the shielding from the proposed building on site. A graphic representation of the operational
noise impacts is presented in Appendix C.
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Equipment
The project would have various rooftop mechanical equipment including HVAC units on the
proposed building. To be conservative, it is assumed the project could have eight rooftop HVAC
units and operate 24 hours per day and would generate sound power levels (SPL) of up to 76 dBA
SPL or 63 dBA Leq at 5 ft, based on manufacturer data (Allied Commercial 2019).
Truck Deliveries and Truck Loading and Unloading Activities
Noise levels generated by delivery trucks would be similar to noise readings from truck loading and
unloading activities, which generate a noise level of 75 dBA Leq at 20 ft based on measurements
taken by LSA (Operational Noise Impact Analysis for Richmond Wholesale Meat Distribution Center
[LSA 2016]). Shorter term noise levels that occur during the docking process taken by LSA were
measured to be 76.3 dBA L8 at 20 ft. Delivery trucks would arrive on site and maneuver their trailers
so that trailers would be parked within the loading docks. During this process, noise levels are
associated with the truck engine noise, air brakes, and back-up alarms while the truck is backing into
LSA
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the dock. These noise levels would occur for a shorter period of time (less than 5 minutes). After a
truck enters the loading dock, the doors would be closed, and the remainder of the truck loading
activities would be enclosed and therefore much less perceptible. To present a conservative
assessment, it is assumed that truck arrivals and departure activities could occur at 21 docks for a
period of less than 5 minutes each and unloading activities could occur at 21 docks simultaneously
for a period of more than 30 minutes in a given hour.
Tables L and M below show the combined hourly noise levels generated by HVAC equipment and
truck delivery activities at the closest off-site sensitive land uses. The project-related noise level
impacts would range from 26.3 dBA Leq to 42.6 dBA Leq at the surrounding sensitive receptors. These
levels would be well below the City’s exterior daytime noise standard of 70 dBA Leq and nighttime
noise standard of 65 dBA Leq. Additionally, when the project generated noise level is more than 10
dBA below existing ambient noise levels, the proposed project would not result in a quantifiable
noise level increase. Because project noise levels would not generate a noise level that exceeds
existing ambient noise levels by 3 dBA or more or exceed the City’s thresholds, the impact would be
less than significant, and no noise reduction measures are required.
Table L: Daytime Exterior Noise Level Impacts
Receptor Direction
Existing Quietest
Daytime Noise Level
(dBA Leq)
Project Generated
Noise Levels
(dBA Leq)
Potential
Operational Noise
Impact?1
Residential
(15876 Del Obisbo Road) South 65.9 42.6 No
Residential
(15917 Tyrol Drive) Northeast 57.0 26.3 No
Source: Compiled by LSA (2023).
1 A potential operational noise impact would occur if (1) the quietest daytime ambient hour is less than 70 dBA Leq and project noise
impacts are greater than 70 dBA Leq, OR (2) the quietest daytime ambient hour is greater than 70 dBA Leq and project noise impacts
are 3 dBA greater than the quietest daytime ambient hour. dBA = A-weighted decibels Leq = equivalent noise level
Table M: Nighttime Exterior Noise Level Impacts
Receptor Direction Existing Quietest Nighttime Noise Level (dBA Leq)
Project Generated Noise Levels (dBA Leq)
Potential Operational Noise Impact?1
Residential
(15876 Del Obisbo Road) South 58.1 42.6 No
Residential
(15917 Tyrol Drive) Northeast 49.9 26.3 No
Source: Compiled by LSA (2023).
1 A potential operational noise impact would occur if (1) the quietest nighttime ambient hour is less than 65 dBA Leq and project noise impacts are greater than 65 dBA Leq, OR (2) the quietest nighttime ambient hour is greater than 65 dBA Leq and project noise impacts
are 3 dBA greater than the quietest nighttime ambient hour.
dBA = A-weighted decibels
Leq = equivalent noise level
LSA
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
P:\ESL2201.19\Products\Noise\Poplar South Distributation-Noise And Vibration Report_02062023_Clean.docx «02/06/23» 23
BEST CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
In addition to compliance with the City’s Municipal Code allowed hours of construction of 7:00 a.m.
to 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays except in the case of urgent
necessity, the following best construction practices would further minimize construction noise
impacts:
• The project construction contractor shall equip all construction equipment, fixed or mobile, with
properly operating and maintained noise mufflers consistent with manufacturer’s standards.
• The project construction contractor shall locate staging areas away from off-site sensitive uses
during the later phases of project development.
• The project construction contractor shall place all stationary construction equipment so that
emitted noise is directed away from sensitive receptors nearest the project site whenever
feasible.
LSA
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
P:\ESL2201.19\Products\Noise\Poplar South Distributation-Noise And Vibration Report_02062023_Clean.docx «02/06/23» 24
REFERENCES
Allied Commercial. 2019. KHB – K-Series Rooftop Units Standard and High Efficiency – 50 Hz Product
Specifications. April.
City of Fontana. 2018. General Plan Noise Element. November.
_______.2018. General Plan Community Mobility and Circulation Element. November.
_______. 2021. Municipal Code. September 13. Website: https://library.municode.com/
ca/fontana/codes/code_of_ordinances (accessed February 2023).
EPD Solutions, Inc. 2022. Trip Generation and Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Screening Analysis.
September 8.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 2006. Roadway Construction Noise Model User’s Guide.
January. Washington, D.C. Website: www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/
construction_noise/rcnm/rcnm.pdf (accessed March 2022).
Federal Transit Administration (FTA). 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual.
Office of Planning and Environment. Report No. 0123. September.
Harris, Cyril M., editor. 1991. Handbook of Acoustical Measurements and Noise Control.
Third Edition.
LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA). 2016. Operational Noise Impact Analysis for Richmond Wholesale Meat
Distribution Center. May.
State of California. 2020. 2019 California Green Building Standards Code.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1978. Protective Noise Levels, Condensed
Version of EPA Levels Document, EPA 550/9-79-100. November.
LSA
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
P:\ESL2201.19\Products\Noise\Poplar South Distributation-Noise And Vibration Report_02062023_Clean.docx «02/06/23»
APPENDIX A
NOISE MONITORING DATA
LSA
Noise Measurement Survey – 24 HR
Project Number: ESL2201.19 Test Personnel: Kevin Nguyendo
Project Name: Catawba Avenue Industrial Equipment: Spark 706RC (SN:18905)
Site Number: LT-1 Date: 4/25/22 Time: From 11:00 a.m. To 11:00 a.m.
Site Location: Located on a power line pole in front of the property 11053 Catawba Ave.
Closest pole on Catawba Ave.
Primary Noise Sources: Light traffic on Catawba Ave. Some heavy-duty truck traffic.
Comments: 11053 Catawba Ave was fenced off and undergoing construction/demolition.
Pole closest to the road was the monitoring location due to the ongoing construction.
Photo:
Long-Term (24-Hour) Noise Level Measurement Results at LT-1
Start Time Date Noise Level (dBA)
Leq Lmax Lmin
11:00 AM 4/25/22 58.1 80.5 41.5
12:00 PM 4/25/22 63.4 87.5 42.0
1:00 PM 4/25/22 64.7 88.0 41.7
2:00 PM 4/25/22 62.9 81.8 42.1
3:00 PM 4/25/22 61.5 85.5 43.1
4:00 PM 4/25/22 61.2 83.8 44.0
5:00 PM 4/25/22 59.1 79.9 48.3
6:00 PM 4/25/22 58.4 78.3 47.9
7:00 PM 4/25/22 57.0 75.7 47.6
8:00 PM 4/25/22 56.9 74.6 46.3
9:00 PM 4/25/22 59.2 79.6 41.6
10:00 PM 4/25/22 56.8 75.4 40.9
11:00 PM 4/25/22 55.0 75.1 41.4
12:00 AM 4/26/22 49.9 73.3 41.8
1:00 AM 4/26/22 51.2 74.3 42.5
2:00 AM 4/26/22 57.3 78.9 43.8
3:00 AM 4/26/22 56.6 79.8 43.6
4:00 AM 4/26/22 59.9 80.9 46.1
5:00 AM 4/26/22 60.4 80.9 47.4
6:00 AM 4/26/22 60.9 80.2 47.4
7:00 AM 4/26/22 62.1 82.5 46.5
8:00 AM 4/26/22 60.3 80.0 42.2
9:00 AM 4/26/22 59.4 78.8 42.2
10:00 AM 4/26/22 57.0 82.2 41.8
Source: Compiled by LSA Associates, Inc. (2022).
dBA = A-weighted decibel
Leq = equivalent continuous sound level
Lmax = maximum instantaneous noise level
Lmin = minimum measured sound level
99.0
96.0 93.0
90.0 87.0 84.0
'a-81.0 ., 78.0 _J
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co 72.0 -c 69.0
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.!!! 54.0 0 51.0 z 48.0 45.0
42.0
39.0 36.0
33.0
30.0
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Long-Term (24-Hour) Noise Level Measurement
LT-1
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-Lmax
-Lmin
Noise Measurement Survey – 24 HR
Project Number: ESL2201.19 Test Personnel: Kevin Nguyendo
Project Name: Catawba Avenue Industrial Equipment: Spark 706RC (SN:18906)
Site Number: LT-2 Date: 4/25/22 Time: From 11:00 a.m. To 11:00 a.m.
Site Location: Located on opposite tree from original planned location. On a tree near the
south east corner of Catawba Ave and Jurupa Ave intersection.
Primary Noise Sources: Dogs barking on the opposite side of Catawba Ave. Regular traffic on
Jurupa Ave. and Catawba Ave.
Comments: Due to frequent barking by three dogs, LT2 was relocated to across the street.
5 foot and 6 inch retaining wall behind monitoring location.
Photo:
Long-Term (24-Hour) Noise Level Measurement Results at LT-1
Start Time Date Noise Level (dBA)
Leq Lmax Lmin
11:00 AM 4/25/22 66.3 81.2 43.4
12:00 PM 4/25/22 66.3 82.3 39.7
1:00 PM 4/25/22 66.5 80.0 39.6
2:00 PM 4/25/22 67.9 81.7 42.5
3:00 PM 4/25/22 68.5 81.9 43.6
4:00 PM 4/25/22 69.2 84.7 45.2
5:00 PM 4/25/22 68.9 85.7 46.1
6:00 PM 4/25/22 67.2 78.6 47.5
7:00 PM 4/25/22 65.9 84.9 45.0
8:00 PM 4/25/22 64.4 82.2 45.6
9:00 PM 4/25/22 63.9 82.1 41.5
10:00 PM 4/25/22 61.7 84.3 41.7
11:00 PM 4/25/22 60.1 75.4 42.4
12:00 AM 4/26/22 60.1 81.1 42.4
1:00 AM 4/26/22 58.1 78.4 41.9
2:00 AM 4/26/22 58.1 78.4 43.6
3:00 AM 4/26/22 59.1 81.3 43.2
4:00 AM 4/26/22 62.2 79.8 45.4
5:00 AM 4/26/22 64.0 79.5 47.8
6:00 AM 4/26/22 65.5 80.6 46.9
7:00 AM 4/26/22 68.0 81.1 47.0
8:00 AM 4/26/22 68.0 83.3 40.9
9:00 AM 4/26/22 66.1 80.0 40.6
10:00 AM 4/26/22 65.9 81.7 41.6
Source: Compiled by LSA Associates, Inc. (2022).
dBA = A-weighted decibel
Leq = equivalent continuous sound level
Lmax = maximum instantaneous noise level
Lmin = minimum measured sound level
11:00 AM
12:00PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
7:00 PM
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1:00 AM
2:00 AM
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NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
P:\ESL2201.19\Products\Noise\Poplar South Distributation-Noise And Vibration Report_02062023_Clean.docx «02/06/23»
APPENDIX B
CONSTRUCTION NOISE LEVEL CALCULATIONS
LSA
Phase: Demolition
Lmax Leq
Concrete Saw 1 90 20 50 0.5 90 83
Excavator 3 81 40 50 0.5 81 82
Dozer 2 82 40 50 0.5 82 81
Combined at 50 feet 91 87
Combined at Receptor 400 feet 73 69
Phase: Site Preparation
Lmax Leq
Dozer 3 82 40 50 0.5 82 83
Tractor 4 84 40 50 0.5 84 86
Combined at 50 feet 86 88
Combined at Receptor 400 feet 68 70
Combined at Receptor 525 feet 66 67
Combined at Receptor 740 feet 63 64
Combined at Receptor 800 feet 62 64
Combined at Receptor 1860 feet 55 56
Combined at Receptor 1940 feet 54 56
Phase: Grading
Lmax Leq
Excavator 2 81 40 50 0.5 81 80
Grader 1 85 40 50 0.5 85 81
Dozer 1 82 40 50 0.5 82 78
Scraper 2 84 40 50 0.5 84 83
Tractor 2 84 40 50 0.5 84 83
Combined at 50 feet 88 85
Combined at Receptor 400 feet 70 67
Phase:Building Construstion
Lmax Leq
Crane 1 81 16 50 0.5 81 73
Man Lift 3 75 20 50 0.5 75 73
Generator 1 81 50 50 0.5 81 78
Tractor 3 84 40 50 0.5 84 85
Welder / Torch 1 74 40 50 0.5 74 70
Combined at 50 feet 87 86
Combined at Receptor 400 feet 69 68
Phase:Paving
Lmax Leq
Paver 2 77 50 50 0.5 77 77
All Other Equipment > 5 HP 2 85 50 50 0.5 85 85
Roller 2 80 20 50 0.5 80 76
Combined at 50 feet 87 86
Combined at Receptor 400 feet 69 68
Phase:Architectural Coating
Lmax Leq
Compressor (air)1 78 40 50 0.5 78 74
Combined at 50 feet 78 74
Combined at Receptor 400 feet 60 56
Sources: RCNM
1- Percentage of time that a piece of equipment is operating at full power.
dBA – A-weighted Decibels
Lmax- Maximum Level
Leq- Equivalent Level
Ground
Effects
Equipment Quantity Reference (dBA)
50 ft Lmax
Usage
Factor1 Distance to
Receptor (ft)
Ground
Effects
Equipment Quantity Reference (dBA)
50 ft Lmax
Usage
Factor1
Distance to
Receptor (ft)
Noise Level (dBA)
Noise Level (dBA)
Ground
Effects
Noise Level (dBA)Equipment Quantity Reference (dBA)
50 ft Lmax
Usage
Factor1 Distance to
Receptor (ft)
Noise Level (dBA)Equipment Quantity Reference (dBA)
50 ft Lmax
Usage
Factor1
Distance to
Receptor (ft)
Ground
Effects
Noise Level (dBA)
Construction Calculations
Equipment Quantity Reference (dBA)
50 ft Lmax
Usage
Factor1
Distance to
Receptor (ft)
Ground
Effects
Noise Level (dBA)
Equipment Quantity Reference (dBA)
50 ft Lmax
Usage
Factor1
Distance to
Receptor (ft)
Ground
Effects
I I
I I
I I
I I
NOISE AND VIBRATION IMPACT ANALYSIS FEBRUARY 2023 POPLAR SOUTH DISTRIBUTION CENTER PROJECT FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
P:\ESL2201.19\Products\Noise\Poplar South Distributation-Noise And Vibration Report_02062023_Clean.docx «02/06/23»
APPENDIX C
SOUNDPLAN NOISE MODEL PRINTOUTS
LSA
Poplar South Distribution Center
Project No. ESL2201.19
Project Operational Noise Levels
Hourly Noise
Level (dBA Leq)
<=65.0
65.0<<=67.0
67.0<<=69.069.0<<=71.0
71.0<<=73.0
73.0<<=75.0
75.0<<=77.0
77.0<<=79.0
79.0<<=81.0
81.0<<=83.0
83.0<<=85.0
85.0<
Scale
0 100 200 400 600 800feet
Signs and symbols
Point source
Main building
Point receiver
C:\SoundPlan\ESL2201.19 - Catawba\Sheet1.sgs - last edit 1/17/2023
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.. . . • • . .
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