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Home My WebLink About1 Santa Ana and Almond Industrial Commerce Center Addendum Prepared by: 3615 Main Street, Suite 103 Riverside, California 92501 CONTACT: Patrick Cruz Project Manager Prepared for: City of Fontana 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, California 92335 CONTACT: Irene Romero Associate Planner Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project May 2023 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project MAY 2023 Prepared for: CITY OF FONTANA 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, California 92335 Contact: Irene Romero, Associate Planner Prepared by: 3615 Main Street, Suite 103 Riverside, California 92501 Contact: Patrick Cruz, Project Manager Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material. 14657 i MAY 2023 Table of Contents SECTION PAGE Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. v 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 California Environmental Quality Act Compliance ................................................................................ 1 1.3 Purpose and Need .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Project Review Background ................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Format and Content of this Addendum ................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Preparation and Processing of this Addendum .................................................................................... 3 1.7 Initial Study Checklist ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.8 Existing Documents to be Incorporated by Reference ......................................................................... 4 1.9 Points of Contact .................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Project Description ............................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Project Location ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Environmental Setting ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.3 Project Characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Project Construction and Phasing ...................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Project Approvals ................................................................................................................................. 11 3 Initial Study Checklist........................................................................................................................................ 13 3.1 Aesthetics ............................................................................................................................................ 18 3.2 Agriculture and Forestry Resources ................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................. 26 3.4 Biological Resources ........................................................................................................................... 48 3.5 Cultural Resources .............................................................................................................................. 54 3.6 Energy .................................................................................................................................................. 59 3.7 Geology and Soils ................................................................................................................................ 63 3.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................................................................................ 70 3.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials ..................................................................................................... 84 3.10 Hydrology and Water Quality ............................................................................................................... 92 3.11 Land Use and Planning ....................................................................................................................... 99 3.12 Mineral Resources ............................................................................................................................ 101 3.13 Noise .................................................................................................................................................. 102 3.14 Population and Housing .................................................................................................................... 114 3.15 Public Services .................................................................................................................................. 116 3.16 Recreation .......................................................................................................................................... 120 3.17 Transportation ................................................................................................................................... 122 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 ii MAY 2023 3.18 Tribal Cultural Resources .................................................................................................................. 127 3.19 Utilities and Service Systems ............................................................................................................ 129 3.20 Wildfire ............................................................................................................................................... 135 3.21 Mandatory Findings of Significance ................................................................................................. 138 4 References and Preparers .............................................................................................................................. 141 4.1 References Cited ............................................................................................................................... 141 4.2 List of Preparers ................................................................................................................................ 146 APPENDICES A-1 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculations A-2 Health Risk Assessment B-1 Biological Resources Technical Report B-2 Arborist Report C Cultural Resources Records Search D Geotechnical Engineering Investigation E Phase I Environmental Site Assessment F Noise Assessment Data G Transportation Technical Memorandum H Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program FIGURES 1 Project Location .............................................................................................................................................. 147 2 General Plan Land Use ................................................................................................................................... 149 3 Zoning .............................................................................................................................................................. 151 4 Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Land Use ....................................................................................... 153 5 Site Plan ........................................................................................................................................................... 155 6 Conceptual Elevations .................................................................................................................................... 157 7 Noise Measurement and Modeling Locations .............................................................................................. 159 TABLES 2-1 Project Construction Schedule Assumed in Technical Studies ...................................................................... 11 3.3-1 SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds .................................................................................................. 29 3.3-2 Construction Scenario Assumptions ................................................................................................................ 31 3.3-3 Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions ..................................................... 32 3.3-4 Estimated Maximum Daily Operational Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions ....................................................... 35 3.3-5 Construction Localized Significance Thresholds Analysis .............................................................................. 37 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 iii MAY 2023 3.3-6 American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Principal Parameters ........................................................................................................................................................ 38 3.3-7 Construction Activity Health Risk Assessment Results – Unmitigated .......................................................... 40 3.3-8 American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Principal Parameters ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.3-9 Operational Health Risk Assessment Results - Unmitigated .......................................................................... 42 3.8-1 Estimated Annual Construction GHG Emissions ............................................................................................. 73 3.8-2 Estimated Annual Operational GHG Emissions ............................................................................................... 75 3.8-3 Compliance with Attorney General’s Recommendation Measures ................................................................ 77 3.13-1 Measured Short-Term Data Summary ........................................................................................................... 104 3.13-2 Measured Long-Term (LT1) Data Summary (11/19/2019 to 11/20/2019) ............................................. 104 3.13-3 Construction Noise Model Results Summary ................................................................................................ 106 3.13-4 Mechanical Equipment Operation Noise Summary of Results .................................................................... 108 3.13-5 Traffic Noise Levels for Local Roadways Under Existing and Existing plus Project Scenarios (dBA CNEL) ...................................................................................................................................................... 110 3.17-1 Net New Trip Generation Summary ............................................................................................................... 123 3.19-1 Projected Multiple-Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (Acre-Feet) ...................................................... 131 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 iv MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 14657 v MAY 2023 Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym/Abbreviation Definition AB Assembly Bill ACM asbestos-containing material APN Assessor’s Parcel Number AQMP Air Quality Management Plan CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards CalEEMod California Emissions Estimator Model CARB California Air Resources Board CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CH4 methane CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level CO carbon monoxide CO2e CO2 equivalent dB decibels dBA A-weighted decibels EIR environmental impact report EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ESA Environmental Site Assessment FFD Fontana Fire Protection District FPD Fontana Police Department FWC Fontana Water Company Division GHG greenhouse gas GWP global warming potential HCP Habitat Conservation Plan HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HVLP high volume, low pressure IEUA Inland Empire Utilities Agency LBP lead-based paint LED light emitting diode MT metric ton N2O nitrous oxide NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NCCP Natural Community Conservation Plan NEV neighborhood electric vehicle NO2 nitrogen dioxide NOx oxides of nitrogen NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System PCE passenger car equivalent PM10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 microns PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns RCNM Roadway Construction Noise Model Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 vi MAY 2023 Acronym/Abbreviation Definition RP Regional Plant SCAB South Coast Air Basin SCAG Southern California Association of Governments SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SO2 sulfur dioxide SOx sulfur oxides SP Specific Plan SR State Route SWIP Southwest Industrial Park SWIP SP PEIR Program Environmental Impact Report for the SWIP SP Update and Annexation Project TIA Traffic Impact Analysis VMT vehicle miles traveled VOC volatile organic compound 14657 1 MAY 2023 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Overview The City of Fontana (City) received an application from Patriot Development Partners (applicant) requesting the following approvals for development of the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project (project): ▪ Master Case No. 22-101 ▪ Lot Line Adjustment (Case No. Pending) ▪ Design Review Project No. 22-050 The project includes design review for the construction of a 158,144 square-foot warehouse building on an approximately 6.46-acre property located in the Southwest Industrial Park (SWIP) Specific Plan (SP) area. The property is comprised of three parcels. In addition to the warehouse, the project would include landscaping areas, passenger vehicle parking spaces, trailer parking spaces, and tractor-trailer loading docks. The project is the subject of analysis in this document pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). In accordance with CEQA Guidelines Section 15367, the City is the lead agency with principal responsibility to consider the project for approval. This introduction will discuss the following: ▪ The requirements of CEQA ▪ The Program Environmental Impact Report for the SWIP SP Update and Annexation Project (State Clearinghouse No. 2009091089) (City of Fontana 2012) (herein referred to as the SWIP SP PEIR), certified by the City on May 8, 2012 ▪ The primary purpose of an addendum to a previously certified environmental impact report (EIR) ▪ The standards for adequacy of an addendum pursuant to the CEQA Guidelines ▪ The format and content of this addendum ▪ The City’s processing requirements to consider the project for approval ▪ An explanation of the Environmental Checklist (Appendix G of CEQA Guidelines) ▪ A summary of documents to be incorporated by reference and points of contact for the project 1.2 California Environmental Quality Act Compliance CEQA, a statewide environmental law described in Public Resources Code Sections 21000 et seq., applies to most public agency decisions to carry out, authorize, or approve actions that have the potential to adversely affect the environment. The overarching goal of CEQA is to protect the physical environment. To achieve that goal, CEQA requires that public agencies identify the environmental consequences of their discretionary actions and consider alternatives and mitigation measures that could avoid or reduce significant adverse impacts when avoidance or reduction is feasible. It also gives other public agencies and the general public an opportunity to comment on the information. If significant adverse impacts cannot be avoided, reduced, or mitigated to below a level of significance, the public agency is required to prepare an EIR and balance the project’s environmental concerns with other goals and benefits in a statement of overriding considerations. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 2 MAY 2023 1.3 Purpose and Need The project would help the City meet several of the project objectives identified in the SWIP SP PEIR (City of Fontana 2012). These objectives include the following: 1. Increase and maintain an increased daytime employment population. 2. Coordinate land uses and transportation with infrastructure planning. 3. Embrace flexible and diverse industrial land uses that foster economic development opportunities for the City of Fontana and surrounding areas. 4. Retain and expand existing businesses and business opportunities. 5. Improve pedestrian accessibility, vehicular access, and parking to establish safety throughout the SWIP SP Update area. 6. Enhance the streetscape as well as the parking and loading areas throughout the SWIP SP Update area. 7. Tailor land use regulations and design guidelines to custom-fit the SWIP SP Update area. 8. Improve visual and functional linkages between Interstate (I) 10, Slover Avenue, and the City of Fontana. 9. Identify areas of priority development and property assemblage opportunities to serve as economic development catalysts. 10. Coordinate and focus change in the SWIP SP Update area rather than a complete “removal and replacement” transformation to enhance the sense of place and promote aesthetic improvements. 11. Incorporate planning policy that encourages viable development in the future, while paying tribute to Fontana’s past. 1.4 Project Review Background The SWIP SP PEIR was prepared and certified by the City in 2012 for the SWIP SP Update and Annexation Project. The SWIP SP PEIR assessed the potential environmental impacts of the proposed SWIP SP Update and Annexation Project (City of Fontana 2012), which would add 1,318 acres to the existing SP area, including the annexation of 472 acres into the City (City of Fontana 2011). The SWIP SP was originally adopted by the City in 1983 and was intended to develop the City’s industrial uses south of I-10. The SWIP SP area originally encompassed approximately 1,800 acres. Since its adoption, the SWIP SP has been amended numerous times. These amendments have accommodated past annexations into the SP area, changes in land use designations, and modifications to design and land use regulations (City of Fontana 2011). In 2011, due to the age of the SWIP SP and changes that occurred within the SP area, the City determined that the SP should be revised to update land uses, regulations, and development standards. In addition, the City intended to use the SWIP SP Update to promote orderly and compatible growth in newly annexed areas and older areas within the SP area (City of Fontana 2011). The SWIP SP Update was a comprehensive policy and regulatory guidance document for the private use and development of all properties within the SP Update area. By providing the necessary regulatory and design guidance, the SP Update ensured that future development of parcels within the SWIP SP Update area (privately owned lands and publicly owned lands approved for private use and development) would implement the goals and policies of the City General Plan. In addition, the SWIP SP Update includes infrastructure improvements necessary to support development within the SP Update area (City of Fontana 2011). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 3 MAY 2023 The Land Use Plan for the SWIP SP Update provided for development of nine planning sub-districts. In general, the SWIP SP Update includes approximately 3,111 acres of industrial, manufacturing, office, commercial, research and development, flex-tech, residential, public, and public/utility right-of-way uses (City of Fontana 2011). 1.5 Format and Content of this Addendum The following components make up this addendum: ▪ Introduction (Chapter 1) and project description (Chapter 2) ▪ The completed Environmental Checklist and its associated analyses (Chapter 3), which conclude that the project would not result in any new significant environmental impacts or substantially increase the severity of environmental impacts beyond the levels disclosed in the SWIP SP PEIR ▪ Other documentation that evaluates the project and/or project site, which are appended to this addendum: - Appendix A-1, Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Calculations - Appendix A-2, Health Risk Assessment - Appendix B-1, Biological Resources Technical Report - Appendix B-2, Arborist Report - Appendix C, Cultural Resources Records Search Report - Appendix D, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation - Appendix E, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment - Appendix F, Noise Assessment Data - Appendix G, Transportation Technical Memorandum - Appendix H, Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program 1.6 Preparation and Processing of this Addendum The City directed and supervised the preparation of this addendum. Although prepared with assistance from the consulting firm Dudek, the content contained in and the conclusions drawn by this addendum reflect the sole independent judgment of the City. This addendum will be forwarded, along with the previously certified PEIR, to the City’s decision-making body for review as part of its deliberations concerning the project. A public hearing will be held at a later date to evaluate the project and the adequacy of this addendum. Public comments will be heard at this hearing. At the conclusion of the public hearing, the decision-making body may provide a decision to approve, approve with modifications, or deny approval of the project. If approved, the decision-making body will adopt findings relative to the project’s environmental impacts. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 4 MAY 2023 1.7 Initial Study Checklist The City prepared the project’s Environmental Checklist per CEQA Guidelines Sections 15063(d)(3) and 15168(c)(4). Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines includes a suggested checklist to indicate whether the conditions set forth in Section 15162, which would require a subsequent or supplemental EIR, are met and whether there would be new significant impacts resulting from the project not examined in the SWIP SP PEIR. The checklist can be found in Chapter 3 of this document. Following the checklist, Sections 3.1 through 3.21 include an explanation and discussion of each significance determination made in the checklist. For this addendum, the following four possible responses to each of the individual environmental issue areas are included in the checklist: 1. New Significant Impact. This response is used to indicate when the project has changed to such an extent that major revisions of the SWIP SP PEIR are required due to the presence of new significant environmental effects. 2. More Severe Impacts. This response is used to indicate when the circumstances under which the project is undertaken have changed to such an extent that major revisions of the SWIP SP PEIR are required because the severity of previously identified significant effects would substantially increase. 3. New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact. This response is used to show when new information of substantial importance that was not known and could not have been known with the exercise of reasonable diligence at the time the SWIP SP PEIR was certified; it indicates that there are new mitigation measures or alternatives available to substantially reduce significant environmental impacts of the project. 4. No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. This response is used to indicate that the project would not create a new impact or substantially increase the severity of the previously identified environmental impact disclosed in the SWIP SP PEIR. The Environmental Checklist and accompanying explanation of checklist responses provide the information and analysis necessary to assess relative environmental impacts of the project in the context of environmental impacts addressed in the previously certified PEIR. In so doing, the City will determine the extent of additional environmental review, if any, required for the project. 1.8 Existing Documents to be Incorporated by Reference CEQA Guidelines Sections 15150, 15168(c)(3), and 15168(d)(2) permit and encourage an environmental document to incorporate by reference other documents that provide relevant data. The City General Plan, the Fontana Code of Ordinances, the Fontana Zoning and Development Code, the SWIP SP PEIR and its Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program, technical appendices, Findings and Statement of Facts, and associated City Council Resolutions, and the SWIP SP are all herein incorporated by reference pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15150. These documents are available for review at the following location: City of Fontana Community Development Department, Planning Division 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, California 92335 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 5 MAY 2023 1.9 Points of Contact The lead agency for this environmental document is the City of Fontana. Any questions about the preparation of this addendum, its assumptions, or its conclusions should be directed to the following: Irene Romero, Associate Planner City of Fontana, Community Development Department, Planning Division 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, California 92335 909.350.6658 iromero@fontana.org Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 6 MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 14657 7 MAY 2023 2 Project Description 2.1 Project Location The project site is located in the southern portion of the City in southwestern San Bernardino County. The project site is bounded by trucking uses to the north, Almond Avenue to the east, Santa Ana Avenue to the south, and a single-story warehouse to the west. The project site comprises three parcels, summarized as follows: ▪ Assessor’s Parcel Number (APN) 0236-091-01 is addressed as 10858 Almond Avenue, and contains a truck yard and offices ▪ APN 0236-091-02 is addressed as 14272 Santa Ana Avenue, and contains a truck yard, maintenance area, and residence ▪ APN 0236-091-03 is addressed as 14228 Santa Ana Avenue, and contains a truck yard, storage area, mechanical pit, maintenance area, steel building and residence Regional access to the project site is provided by I-10 to the north, I-15 to the west, and State Route (SR)-60 to the south (Figure 1, Project Location). 2.2 Environmental Setting City of Fontana The City is located on an alluvial plain flowing southward from the confluence of Lytle Creek and the San Sevaine wash. The San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains to the north, and the Jurupa Hills to the south, provide a dramatic backdrop for the developed areas of the City. In the early 1900s, the City was a diversified agricultural community, producing major commodities such as citrus, grain, grapes, poultry, and swine. In 1942, the area began to transition to a more industrial base with the founding of the Kaiser Steel Mill. By the 1950s, the City was the region’s leading producer of steel and steel-related products. Today, the City is both a bedroom community, with a commuting population of workers, and, due to its suburban location near several major freeway and rail transportation corridors, a major Inland Empire hub of warehousing and distribution centers. These uses are located primarily in the City’s southern half, adjacent to the I-10 corridor. Heavy industrial areas surround the former Kaiser Steel plant and along the I-10 corridor between Valley Boulevard and Slover Avenue. A range of residential neighborhoods has developed in the City. The established single-family and multifamily residential neighborhoods and commercial core of the City is largely contained between Baseline and Valley Boulevard. Newer residential development has occurred along the northern edge of the City west of I-15 and radiating north and south of the SR-210 corridor. A large portion of the City, north of SR-210, still remains to develop as a mix of planned communities and job centers. Project Site The approximately 6.46-acre rectangular project site is comprised of three parcels containing industrial land uses. The three parcels are described in detail below. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 8 MAY 2023 ▪ 14228 Santa Ana Avenue: This parcel is occupied by MH Uyekawa Co., which operates an excavation, drilling and boring business. The parcel contains three structures including a residence that is used as an office, a steel building, a covered structure, and an outdoor storage yard. The parcel is partially paved with concrete. The remainder of the surface is comprised of bare soil. Storage at this facility included vehicles, various equipment, semi-trucks and trailers, marine vessels, and heavy off-road machinery. ▪ 14272 Santa Ana Avenue: This parcel is occupied by 1 Stop Chassis and Trailer Repair, which operates a truck maintenance and repair facility. This parcel contains a residence that is used as an office as well as semi-truck and trailer parking and truck maintenance activities. The parking and maintenance area is paved with concrete. The remainder of the parcel is comprised of crushed asphalt. A covered structure is used as a maintenance area. ▪ 10858 Almond Avenue: This parcel is occupied by Pointdirect Transport, Inc, which operates a domestic shipping business. This parcel contains three structures that include a single-story structure and a mobile office as well as a metal Quonset hut building (a semi-circular round structure) for storage. This parcel is paved with degraded and broken asphalt. Uses at this trucking facility include office use, semi-truck and trailer staging, and a maintenance area. Historical uses at the project site include agriculture, residential, auto maintenance, and trucking. The project site supported agricultural uses from approximately the 1930s to 1980s. Residential structures were developed on the project site in the late 1960s and through the 1980s. Additional residential structures were developed on the project site during the 1980s, and industrial uses related to vehicle storage and associated structures were developed in the 1990s. By the 1990s, the project site contained much of the structures found on the site today. The City General Plan Land Use Map designates the project site as Light Industrial (I-L) (City of Fontana 2020a) (Figure 2, General Plan Land Use). The City’s Zoning Map shows the site as being zoned as the SWIP SP (within the SWIP SP area, the project site is located in the Slover West Industrial District [SWD]) (City of Fontana n.d.) (Figure 3, Zoning, Figure 4, Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Land Use Map). Surrounding Land Uses The project site is located on developed land and is surrounded by a mix of urbanized land uses primarily related to industrial operations. Specific uses in the immediate project area include the following: ▪ North: Industrial uses including trailer and truck storage and freight services. ▪ East: Almond Avenue; commercial uses including offices and storage yards, and residences, and storage for trailers and vehicles. ▪ South: Santa Ana Avenue; commercial uses including offices and storage yards, residences, and storage for trucks and trailers. ▪ West: Industrial uses including single-story warehouse with loading dock and driveways, tire recycling, and storage for tires, trucks, and trailers. Several low-density residential uses, largely home-based trucking and heavy equipment businesses, are scattered throughout the SWIP SP area. These residential uses were primarily permitted and constructed under zoning designations in effect prior to circa 2011. When the SWIP SP Update and Annexation was approved in 2011, new zoning designations were adopted throughout the SWIP SP area, resulting in these residential properties becoming legal non-conforming uses. Over time, several of these residential properties have since transitioned from operating Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 9 MAY 2023 primarily as residences to operating primarily as trucking/heavy equipment businesses. For the purposes of the following environmental analysis, because the exact nature of each surrounding property cannot be fully determined, it is conservatively assumed that all surrounding residential structures actively house residents and, thus, are to be considered sensitive receptors. 2.3 Project Characteristics The project includes construction of a one-story, 158,144 square-foot warehouse building (Figure 5, Site Plan). The building would have a maximum height of 45 feet above ground surface. The building would include a 6,000 square- foot office and a 3,000 square-foot mezzanine. The building would be located in the center of the site, with paved parking lots, a truck court, loading areas, and landscaping surrounding it. A driveway would be located along the eastern portion of the project site, providing access from Almond Avenue to one of the parking lots. Along the western side of the project site would be the truck court, which would provide 4 trailer parking spots, 16 loading docks, and 1 ramp to the warehouse building. Security gates would block traffic between the truck court and the southwestern parking lot, which also provides entrance to the site off of Santa Ana Avenue. The areas not developed with the warehouse, parking lots, and truck court would be landscaped, resulting in a total of 33,448 square feet of landscaped area on the project site. Figure 6 provides conceptual elevations of the project. Operational Characteristics A tenant for the proposed industrial warehouse building has not been identified. Notwithstanding, based on the project applicant’s experience developing, owning, and operating similar warehouse buildings, business operations would be expected to be conducted within the enclosed building, with the exception of the ingressing an egressing of trucks and passenger vehicles accessing the site, passenger and truck parking, the loading and unloading of trailers within designated truck courts/loading areas, and the internal and external movement of materials around the project site via forklifts, pallet jacks, yard hostlers, and similar equipment. While operational hours are anticipated to follow common working hours (e.g., 8-12 hours per day), this analysis assumes that the facility could be operated 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Given that a tenant has not yet been identified, the number of employees that would work at the proposed warehouse building is not yet know. However, based on employment generation rates provided by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), it is anticipated that the project would generate approximately 132 jobs (SCAG 2001). Cold or refrigerated storage would not be permitted in the proposed building. Should cold or refrigerated storage be required in the future, the addition of such space would be subject to additional environmental review and approval by the City. On-Site and Off-Site Adjacent Improvements The project would also include improvements to Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue along the project’s street frontages, including a landscaped setback, a new sidewalk, and half-width frontage improvements within the roadway right-of-way. Consistent with City standards, all existing overhead utility service lines adjoining and interior to the project site would be undergrounded, and new City streetlights would be installed within the dedicated right- of-way. A variety of trees, shrubs, plants, and land covers would be planted in the landscape areas throughout the project site, in conformance with the City’s approved plant palette list. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 10 MAY 2023 Site Access, Circulation, and Parking Access to the project site would be provided by two driveways off Almond Avenue and one driveway off Santa Ana Avenue. The first driveway would be a 40-foot-wide truck driveway at the northeast corner of the project site, along Almond Avenue, providing access to the proposed vehicle parking lot and truck court; the second driveway would be a 30-foot wide passenger vehicle driveway at the eastern boundary of the project site, along Almond Avenue, providing access to the employee parking lot. The third driveway would be a 40-foot wide truck driveway at the southwest corner of the project site, along Santa Ana Avenue, providing access to the truck court. Vehicle parking for employees would be located in a parking lot along the east side of the project site, and a parking lot in the southwest corner of the project site. The project would provide a total of 50 parking spots. Gated entry to the truck court would be provided at the northern most entrance and the southwestern entrance. Stormwater System and Other Utility Improvements The project site is currently developed and served by some existing utilities, including domestic water, natural gas, and electricity. However, in some instances, these present utilities are not adequately sized to serve the project and, thus, will be upgraded/replaced during project construction. As such, lateral water lines would be constructed as part of the project and connect to the existing water line within Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue to provide adequate domestic water service and fire flow. Similarly, lateral sewer lines would be extended to the project site from the existing sewer main. An 8-inch sewer main extension would be constructed within the Santa Ana Avenue right-of-way, and a 6-inch sewer line would be constructed from the sewer main extension to the project site. As part of the project, a new engineered storm drain system will be constructed on the project site to collect and treat on-site stormwater runoff. On-site stormwater will be collected via a series of inlets and catch basins before being conveyed to an on-site underground infiltration basin located on the western edge of the project site. The infiltration basin would allow a certain amount of stormwater to infiltrate into the soils, and excess flows would then flow into the City’s storm drain system. 2.4 Project Construction and Phasing Based on information provided by the project applicant, it is assumed that construction of the project would last approximately 14 months. At the time of the preparation of this analysis, it was anticipated that construction would begin in April 2023. However, due to delays during the entitlement process, construction is now anticipated to begin in Fall 2023. To maintain consistency with other technical analysis herein, a start date of April 2023 is maintained throughout this Addendum because it represents a worst-case scenario for criteria air pollutant and GHG emissions. This is because equipment and vehicle emission factors for later points in time would be slightly less due to more stringent standards for in-use off-road equipment and heavy-duty trucks, as well as fleet turnover replacing older equipment and vehicles in later years. In simple terms, construction equipment and operational vehicles will become cleaner from an emissions standpoint over time. As such, while construction is anticipated to begin in Fall 2023, the analysis, including the air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions impact analysis (refer to Section 3.3 Air Quality, and Section 3.8, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, of this document; also see Appendix A-1, Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Calculations) contained herein is based on the following assumptions: Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 11 MAY 2023 Table 2-1. Project Construction Schedule Assumed in Technical Studies Construction Phase Duration Phase Start Date1 Phase End Date Demolition 1 month April 2023 April 2023 Site Preparation 2 weeks April 2023 May 2023 Grading 1 month May 2023 June 2023 Building Construction 10 months June 2023 April 2024 Paving 1 month April 2024 May 2024 Architectural Coating 1 month May 2024 June 2024 1 At the time of the preparation of this analysis, it was anticipated that construction would begin in April 2023. However, due to delays during the entitlement process, construction is now anticipated to begin in Fall 2023. To maintain consistency with other technical analysis herein, a start date of April 2023 is maintained throughout this Addendum. The duration of construction (14 months) is still anticipated to remain the same. 2.5 Project Approvals The following discretionary approvals would be required prior to implementing the project: ▪ Master Case No. 22-101 ▪ Lot Line Adjustment (Case No. Pending) ▪ Design Review Project No. 22-050 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 12 MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 14657 13 MAY 2023 3 Initial Study Checklist 1. Project title: NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 2. Lead agency name and address: City of Fontana Community Development Department, Planning Division 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, California 92335 3. Contact person and phone number: Irene Romero, Associate Planner City of Fontana, Community Development Department, Planning Division 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, California 92335 (909) 350-6658 iromero@fontana.org 4. Project location: The project site is located in the southern portion of the City in southwestern San Bernardino County. The project site is immediately bounded by Santa Ana Avenue to the south and Almond Avenue to the east. The project site is composed of three parcels (0236-091-01, 0236-091-02 and 0236-091-03). Addresses associated with the project site include 10858 Almond Avenue, 14228 Santa Ana Avenue and 14272 Santa Ana Avenue. Regional access to the project area is provided by I-10 to the north, I-15 to the west, and SR-60 to the south. 5. Project sponsor’s name and address: Patriot Development Partners 12126 W Sunset Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90049 6. General plan designation: Light Industrial (I-L) 7. Zoning: SWIP SP (within the SWIP SP area, the project site is located in the Slover West Industrial District) Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 14 MAY 2023 8. Description of project. (Describe the whole action involved, including but not limited to later phases of the project, and any secondary, support, or off-site features necessary for its implementation. Attach additional sheets if necessary): The proposed project includes construction of a one-story industrial warehouse with passenger vehicle parking lots, a truck court, and loading docks. The warehouse building would be located in the center of the project site and would be a 158,144 square-foot warehouse with a 6,000 square foot office and 3,000 square-foot mezzanine. The passenger vehicle parking lot would provide 50 parking spots, and a truck court would provide 4 trailer parking spots and access to 16 loading dock doors. Access would be provided to the site from a driveway located on Almond Avenue and a driveway located on Santa Ana Avenue. Approximately 33,448 square feet of landscaped area would be developed on the project site. Refer to Chapter 2, Project Description, for a detailed description of the project and associated improvements. 9. Surrounding land uses and setting (Briefly describe the project’s surroundings): The project site is located on developed land and is surrounded by a mix of urbanized land uses primarily related to industrial operations. Specific uses in the immediate project area include the following: ▪ North: Industrial uses including trailer and truck storage and freight services. ▪ East: Almond Avenue; commercial uses including offices and storage yards, and residences, and storage for trailers and vehicles. ▪ South: Santa Ana Avenue; commercial uses including offices and storage yards, residences, and storage for trucks and trailers. ▪ West: Industrial uses including single-story warehouse with loading dock and driveways, tire recycling, and storage for tires, trucks, and trailers. 10. Other public agencies whose approval is required (e.g., permits, financing approval, or participation agreement): Responsible agencies that may have ministerial authority over the project include the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board, Fontana Fire Protection District (FFD), and San Bernardino County Fire Department. 11. Have California Native American tribes traditionally and culturally affiliated with the project area requested consultation pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1? If so, is there a plan for consultation that includes, for example, the determination of significance of impacts to tribal cultural resources, procedures regarding confidentiality, etc.? Please refer to Section 3.5, Cultural Resources, and 3.18, Tribal Cultural Resources, of this document. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 15 MAY 2023 Environmental Factors Potentially Affected The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this project, involving at least one impact that is a “Potentially Significant Impact,” as indicated by the checklist on the following pages. Aesthetics Agriculture and Forestry Resources Air Quality Biological Resources Cultural Resources Energy Geology and Soils Greenhouse Gas Emissions Hazards and Hazardous Materials Hydrology and Water Quality Land Use and Planning Mineral Resources Noise Population and Housing Public Services Recreation Transportation Tribal Cultural Resources Utilities and Service Systems Wildfire Mandatory Findings of Significance Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 16 MAY 2023 Determination On the basis of this initial evaluation: I find that the proposed project COULD NOT have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the project proponent. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. I find that the proposed project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required. I find that the proposed project MAY have a “potentially significant impact” or “potentially significant unless mitigated” impact on the environment, but at least one effect (1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and (2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets. An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed. I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, because all potentially significant effects (a) have been analyzed adequately in an earlier ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT or NEGATIVE DECLARATION pursuant to applicable standards, and (b) have been avoided or mitigated pursuant to that earlier ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT or NEGATIVE DECLARATION, including revisions or mitigation measures that are imposed upon the proposed project, nothing further is required. Signature Date Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 17 MAY 2023 Evaluation of Environmental Impacts Section 15168(c) of the CEQA Guidelines provides that when the lead agency adopts a program EIR, subsequent activities in the program are examined in light of the program EIR to determine whether an additional environmental document must be prepared. If the lead agency finds that pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15162, no new effects could occur or mitigation measures would be required, the activity may be approved as being within the scope of the project covered by the program EIR (CEQA Guidelines Section 15162[c][2]). Pursuant to Section 21166 of CEQA and Section 15162 of the CEQA Guidelines, if the lead agency determines that one or more of the following conditions are met, a subsequent EIR or negative declaration shall be prepared for the project: 1. Substantial project changes are proposed that will require major revisions of the previous EIR or negative declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects; 2. Substantial changes would occur with respect to the circumstances under which the project is undertaken that require major revisions to the previous EIR or negative declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects; or 3. New information of substantial importance that was not known and could not have been known with the exercise of reasonable diligence at the time the previous EIR was certified or the negative declaration was adopted shows any of the following: a. The project will have one or more significant effects not discussed in the previous EIR or negative declaration; b. Significant effects previously examined will be substantially more severe than identified in the previous EIR; c. Mitigation measures or alternatives previously found not to be feasible would in fact be feasible, and would substantially reduce one or more significant effects of the project, but the project proponent declines to adopt the mitigation measures or alternatives; or d. Mitigation measures or alternatives that are considerably different from those analyzed in the previous EIR would substantially reduce one or more significant effects on the environment, but the project proponent declines to adopt the mitigation measures or alternatives. Where none of the conditions specified in Section 15162 are present, the lead agency can choose not to prepare a subsequent or supplemental EIR (CEQA Guidelines Section 15162[a]), but may prepare a negative declaration, an addendum, or no further CEQA documentation. Section 15164 of the CEQA Guidelines states that an addendum to an EIR shall be prepared “if some changes or additions are necessary, but none of the conditions described in Section 15162 calling for preparation of a subsequent EIR have occurred.” In accordance with the CEQA Guidelines, the City has determined that an addendum to the SWIP SP PEIR is the appropriate environmental document for the project. This addendum reviews the changes proposed by the project and any pertinent changes to the circumstances under which the project is undertaken that have occurred since the SWIP SP PEIR was certified. It also reviews any new information of substantial importance that was not known and could not have been known with exercise of reasonable diligence at the time that the SWIP SP PEIR was certified. It further examines whether, as a result of any changes or any new information, a subsequent or supplemental EIR may be required. This examination includes an analysis of the provisions of Section 21166 of CEQA and Section 15162 of the CEQA Guidelines and their applicability to the project. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 18 MAY 2023 3.1 Aesthetics New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis I. AESTHETICS – Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section 21099, would the project: a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway? c) In non-urbanized areas, substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality? d) Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? a) Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR identified scenic vistas adjacent to the southeastern portion of the SWIP SP area in the form of uninterrupted, panoramic views of the San Gabriel/San Bernardino Mountains to the north and Jurupa Mountains to the south, as well as scenic vistas in the form of isolated windrows viewed across large open spaces and along several roadways within the southern portion of the SWIP SP. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that although the SWIP SP includes various design features to minimize impacts to scenic vistas and would comply with existing local requirements related to scenic vistas, implementation of the SWIP SP would result in significant and unavoidable direct and cumulatively considerable impacts to scenic vistas and there were no feasible mitigation measures that would reduce the impacts to a level below significance. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The City General Plan Conservation, Open Space, Parks and Trails Chapter (City of Fontana 2018a), identifies both the San Gabriel and the Jurupa Mountains and foothills as visually prominent topographic features that provide a Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 19 MAY 2023 scenic vista from mobile and stationary viewing locations throughout the City. The project site is located over 7.5 miles south and 1 mile northwest, respectively, from these scenic resources. Based on these distances and the presence of existing intervening development and topographical variation, the project site is not located within the viewshed of these scenic vistas, and the project would not block views of or from these scenic resources. In addition, the current viewshed within the project area consists predominantly of existing development. Thus, the inclusion of the project within the existing viewshed would be consistent with views currently found throughout the project area. Therefore, impacts associated with scenic vistas would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP area does not contain any geologic formations or historic structures that could be characterized as scenic resources. Further, the SWIP SP PEIR concludes that compliance with Article III - Preservation of Heritage, Significant and Specimen Trees of the City of Fontana Municipal Code would minimize impacts to mature trees within the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts to scenic resources would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) California Scenic Highway Mapping System (Caltrans 2018), the only officially designated state scenic highway in San Bernardino County is a 16-mile portion of SR-38 from South Fork Campground to State Lane. This roadway segment is located approximately 39 miles east of the project site in the San Bernardino Mountains, well outside of view of the project site. Therefore, impacts associated with scenic resources would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. c) In non-urbanized areas, would the project substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality? Short-Term Construction Impacts SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that construction activities within the SWIP SP area that occur near residentially zoned property would result in temporary significant impacts to the visual quality/character of the SWIP SP area. However, the SWIP SP PEIR included a mitigation measure (Mitigation Measure Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 20 MAY 2023 [MM] 4.1-3a) that would require development projects located within or near residentially zoned property to incorporate practices during construction to minimize visual impact. With application of the identified mitigation, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts to visual quality/character during construction would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Consistent with MM-4.1-3a from the SWIP SP PEIR, in an effort to minimize temporary construction-related visual impacts, the staging of construction equipment and the cleanliness of construction equipment stored and driven beyond the limits of the construction work area will be strictly controlled. Construction equipment, vehicles, and materials will be staged within a designated screened area on the project site during project construction. Although equipment staging could potentially be viewed from adjacent properties, this would be temporary and would cease upon completion of construction. Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, short-term construction impacts associated with visual quality and character would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Long-Term Operational Impacts SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that long-term impacts to visual quality/character would be less than significant with mandatory adherence to the land use and development regulations established in the SWIP SP. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located in a highly developed and urbanized part of the City characterized by a mix of industrial and other land uses. The project site is bound by industrial uses immediately to the north, east, south, and west and is currently heavily disturbed by existing development. Most of the properties surrounding the project site have General Plan land use designations and zoning for industrial and related land uses. Thus, implementation of the project represents a logical continuation of industrial development in this part of the City. However, given that the project would be developing warehouse buildings and associated improvements on the project site, consistent with surrounding land uses in the project area, the project would inevitably alter the existing visual character of the project site. To ensure that both current and future development within the City is designed and constructed to conform to existing visual character and quality of the surrounding built environment, the City’s Zoning and Development Code (City of Fontana 2022a) includes design standards related to building size, height, and setback, as well as landscaping, signage, and other visual considerations. These design standards help ensure that adjacent land uses are visually consistent with one another and their surroundings, while reducing the potential for aesthetic conflict. The City reviews design specifications of all development proposals to ensure compliance with all applicable provisions set forth by the Zoning and Development Code. As part of the City’s development review process, project plans are reviewed by City staff, the Development Advisory Board, and the Planning Commission to ensure that projects conform to the Zoning and Development Code and promote the visual character and quality of the surrounding area. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 21 MAY 2023 Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, long-term operational impacts associated with visual quality and character would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. d) Would the project create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? Short-Term Construction Impacts SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would have the potential to create new sources of outdoor light and glare in the form of streetlights, exterior lighting, and security lighting, as well as glare effects caused by reflective surfaces. However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that light and glare impacts would be less than significant because development within the SWIP SP area would be required to comply with the lighting requirements of the City’s Municipal Code (Chapter 30), which would minimize the potential for light and/or glare effects to occur. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that light and/or glare impacts from implementation of the SWIP SP would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would be required to comply with the City’s Noise Ordinance (City of Fontana 2022b), which prohibits construction during the evening and nighttime hours. As such, project construction would be limited to daytime hours, and nighttime lighting would not be required until the project is operational. Therefore, short-term construction impacts associated with light and glare would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Long-Term Operational Impacts SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would have the potential to create new sources of outdoor light and glare in the form of streetlights, exterior lighting, and security lighting, as well as glare effects caused by reflective surfaces. However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that light and glare impacts would be less than significant because development within the SWIP SP area would be required to comply with the lighting requirements of the City’s Municipal Code (Chapter 30), which would minimize the potential for light and/or glare effects to occur. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that light and/or glare impacts from implementation of the SWIP SP would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Consistent with Section No. 30-184 (Light and Glare) of the City’s Zoning and Development Code (City of Fontana 2022a), all lighting used on the project site is required to be directed and/or shielded to prevent the light from Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 22 MAY 2023 adversely affecting adjacent properties, and no structures or features that create adverse glare effects are permitted. Thus, all exterior lighting would be shielded/hooded to prevent light trespass onto nearby properties. With respect to glare potentially generated by the project, the majority of the exterior building surfaces would consist of painted concrete (i.e., tilt-up concrete walls), which does not include any physical properties that would produce substantial amounts of glare. To provide architectural interest and break up the overall massing of project buildings, the project would feature large glass windows throughout project buildings’ facades; however, the project would use glass that is clear or tinted with medium to high performance anti-glare glazing and would not use glass with mirrored finishes. As such, the project as a whole would not result in a substantial amount of glare in the project area. Therefore, long-term operational impacts associated with light and glare would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measure related to aesthetics to be implemented following project approval: MM-4.1-3a For future development associated with the project located in or immediately adjacent to residentially zoned property, the following General Condition of Approval shall be imposed: Construction documents shall include language that requires all construction contractors to strictly control the staging of construction equipment and the cleanliness of construction equipment stored or driven beyond the limits of the construction work area. Construction equipment shall be parked and staged within the project site to the extent practical. Staging areas shall be screened from view from residential properties with solid wood fencing or green fence. Construction worker parking may be located off-site with approval of the City; however, on-street parking of construction worker vehicles on residential streets shall be prohibited. Vehicles shall be kept clean and free of mud and dust before leaving the project site. Surrounding streets shall be swept daily and maintained free of dirt and debris. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 23 MAY 2023 3.2 Agriculture and Forestry Resources New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis II. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RESOURCES – In determining whether impacts to agricultural resources are significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to the California Agricultural Land Evaluation and Site Assessment Model (1997) prepared by the California Dept. Conservation as an optional model to use in assessing impacts on agriculture and farmland. In determining whether impacts to forest resources, including timberland, are significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to information compiled by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection regarding the state’s inventory of forest land, including the Forest and Range Assessment Project and the Forest Legacy Assessment project; and forest carbon measurement methodology provided in Forest Protocols adopted by the California Air Resources Board. Would the project: a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non- agricultural use? b) Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract? c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))? d) Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? e) Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? a) Would the project convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would not convert any “Prime Farmland,” “Unique Farmland,” or “Farmland of Statewide Importance” to nonagricultural use, as there is no Prime Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 24 MAY 2023 Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance located within the SWIP SP boundaries. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact would occur. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the California Department of Conservation Important Farmland Finder (CDOC 2016a), the project site is designated as Urban and Built- Up Land. Neither the project site nor the surrounding project area contains Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (collectively, Important Farmland). Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that none of the lands within the SWIP SP area were designated or zoned for agricultural use, or subject to a Williamson Act contract. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impacts would occur. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the California Department of Conservation Important Farmland Finder (CDOC 2016a), the project site is designated as Urban and Built- up Land. Neither the project site nor the surrounding project area contains Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (collectively, Important Farmland). In addition, SWIP SP PEIR does not identify any land under Williamson Act or Farmland Security Zone contracts on the project site or within the project area. Further, the City’s Zoning Map does not show agricultural zoning districts in the broader project area. Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. c) Would the project conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that there are no areas zoned for forest land, timberland, or timberland production within the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 25 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is designated as Light Industrial and is located within a developed area. There are no areas zoned for forest land within the vicinity of the project site. Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. d) Would the project result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the SWIP SP exists within an urbanized area, occupied primarily by industrial uses, and that no forest land exists within the site vicinity. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is designated as Light Industrial and is located within a developed area. There are no areas zoned for forest land within the vicinity of the project site. Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. e) Would the project involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that there are no active agricultural areas or forest land areas within the SWIP SP area. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impacts would occur. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the California Department of Conservation Important Farmland Finder (CDOC 2016a), the project site is designated as Urban and Built- up Land. Neither the project site nor the surrounding project area contains Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (collectively, Important Farmland). In addition, SWIP SP PEIR does not identify any land under Williamson Act or Farmland Security Zone contracts on the project site or within the project area. Further, the City’s Zoning Map does not show agricultural zoning districts in the broader project area. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 26 MAY 2023 With regard to forestland and timberland, the project site is designated as Light Industrial and is located within a developed area. There are no areas zoned for forest land within the vicinity of the project site. As such, the Project would not involve changes to the existing environment that, due to its location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to nonagricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use. Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. 3.3 Air Quality New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis III. AIR QUALITY – Where available, the significance criteria established by the applicable air quality management district or air pollution control district may be relied upon to make the following determinations. Would the project: a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? d) Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people? a) Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that emissions resulting from buildout of the SWIP SP would exceed SCAQMD thresholds and would potentially result in a long-term impact on the region’s ability to meet state and federal ambient air quality standards. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that buildout of the SWIP SP would conflict with the 2007 Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation to minimize the SWIP SP’s air pollutant emissions; however, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that air quality impacts related to a conflict with or obstruction of the implementation of the SCAB’s 2007 AQMP would be significant and unavoidable. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 27 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB), which includes the non-desert portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties, and all of Orange County, and is within the jurisdictional boundaries of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). The SCAQMD administers the SCAB’s Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP), which is a comprehensive document outlining an air pollution control program for attaining the California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The 2022 AQMP is in the late draft stages at the time of writing, but has not yet been formally adopted by the SCAQMD. Therefore, the most recently adopted AQMP for the SCAB is the 2016 AQMP (SCAQMD 2017). The 2016 AQMP focuses on available, proven, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional air quality strategies while seeking to achieve multiple goals in partnership with other entities seeking to promote reductions in greenhouse gases (GHGs) and toxic risk, as well as efficiencies in energy use, transportation, and goods movement (SCAQMD 2017). The purpose of a consistency finding with regard to the AQMP is to determine if a project is consistent with the assumptions and objectives of the regional air quality plans, and if it would interfere with the region’s ability to comply with federal and state air quality standards. The SCAQMD has established criteria for determining consistency with the currently applicable AQMP in Chapter 12, Sections 12.2 and 12.3 of the SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook. These criteria are as follows (SCAQMD 1993): Consistency Criterion No. 1: Whether the project would result in an increase in the frequency or severity of existing air quality violations, cause or contribute to new violations, or delay timely attainment of the ambient air quality standards or interim emission reductions in the AQMP. Consistency Criterion No. 2: Whether the project would exceed the assumptions in the AQMP or increments based on the year of project buildout and phase. To address the first criterion, project-generated criteria air pollutant emissions have been estimated and analyzed for significance and are addressed under Section 3.3(b) below. Detailed results of this analysis are included in Appendix A-1, Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Calculations, of this addendum. As presented in Section 3.3(b), construction and operation of the proposed project would not generate criteria air pollutant emissions that exceed the SCAQMD’s thresholds, and the project would therefore be consistent with Criterion No. 1. The second criterion regarding the potential of the project to exceed the assumptions in the AQMP or increments based on the year of project buildout and phase is primarily assessed by determining consistency between the proposed project’s land use designations and its potential to generate population growth. In general, projects are considered consistent with, and not in conflict with or obstructing implementation of, the AQMP if the growth they produce in socioeconomic factors is consistent with the underlying regional plans used to develop the AQMP (SCAQMD 1993). The SCAQMD primarily uses demographic growth forecasts for various socioeconomic categories (e.g., population, housing, and employment by industry) developed by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) for its 2016–2040 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) (SCAG 2016a). SCAQMD uses this document, which is based in large part on general plans for cities and counties in the Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 28 MAY 2023 SCAB, to develop the AQMP emissions inventory (SCAQMD 2017).1 Therefore, the 2016 AQMP is generally consistent with the City’s General Plan. As discussed in Section 2.3, Environmental Setting, of the PEIR, the project site is designated in the City’s General Plan as Light Industrial (I-L) (City of Fontana 2019a) and the zoning for the project site is SWIP Specific Plan (within the SWIP Specific Plan area, the project site is located in the SWD). The project would be compatible with the I-L Zone and SWIP Specific Plan. As the proposed uses for the project site are consistent with the existing land use designation, no amendments to the General Plan would be required. Accordingly, the proposed project is consistent with the SCAG RTP/SCS forecasts used in the SCAQMD AQMP development. In summary, based on the considerations presented for the two criteria, impacts relating to the project’s potential to conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable AQMP would be less than significant. No mitigation is required. Therefore, no new or more severe impacts associated with consistency with the AQMP would occur, and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that implementation of the SWIP SP would result in cumulatively considerable net increases of criteria pollutants, including O3 precursors, for which the SCAB is in nonattainment of applicable federal and/or state ambient air quality standards. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation to minimize the SWIP SP’s air pollutant emissions; however, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that cumulative air quality impacts would be significant and unavoidable. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Air pollution is largely a cumulative impact. The nonattainment status of regional pollutants is a result of past and present development, and the SCAQMD develops and implements plans for future attainment of ambient air quality standards. Based on these considerations, project-level thresholds of significance for criteria pollutants are used in the determination of whether a project’s individual emissions would have a cumulatively considerable contribution on air quality. If a project’s emissions would exceed the SCAQMD significance thresholds, it would be considered to have a cumulatively considerable contribution. Conversely, projects that do not exceed the project-specific thresholds are generally not considered to be cumulatively significant (SCAQMD 2003). 1 Information necessary to produce the emissions inventory for the SCAB is obtained from the SCAQMD and other governmental agencies, including the California Air Resources Board, Caltrans, and SCAG. Each of these agencies is responsible for collecting data (e.g., industry growth factors, socioeconomic projections, travel activity levels, emission factors, emission speciation profile, and emissions) and developing methodologies (e.g., model and demographic forecast improvements) required to generate a comprehensive emissions inventory. SCAG incorporates these data into its Travel Demand Model for estimating/projecting vehicle miles traveled and driving speeds. SCAG’s socioeconomic and transportation activities projections in their 2016–2040 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy are integrated in the 2016 AQMP (SCAQMD 2017). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 29 MAY 2023 A quantitative analysis was conducted to determine whether proposed construction activities would result in a cumulatively considerable net increase in emissions of criteria air pollutants for which the SCAB is designated as nonattainment under the NAAQS or CAAQS. Criteria air pollutants include ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM10), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5), and lead. Pollutants that are evaluated herein include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are important because they are precursors to O3, as well as CO, sulfur oxides (SOx), PM10, and PM2.5. Regarding NAAQS and CAAQS attainment status,2 the SCAB is designated as a nonattainment area for national and California O3 and PM2.5 standards (CARB 2019a; EPA 2019a). The SCAB is designated as a nonattainment area for California PM10 standards; however, it is designated as an attainment area for national PM10 standards. The SCAB nonattainment status of O3, PM10, and PM2.5 standards is the result of cumulative emissions from various sources of air pollutants and their precursors within the SCAB, including motor vehicles, off-road equipment, and commercial and industrial facilities. The SCAB is designated as an attainment area for national and California NO2, CO, and SO2 standards. Although the SCAB has been designated as partial nonattainment (Los Angeles County) for the federal rolling 3-month average lead standard, it is designated attainment for the state lead standard.3 The proposed project would result in emissions of criteria air pollutants for which the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have adopted ambient air quality standards (i.e., the NAAQS and CAAQS). Projects that emit these pollutants have the potential to cause, or contribute to, violations of these standards. The SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Significance Thresholds, as revised in April 2019, set forth quantitative emission significance thresholds for criteria air pollutants, which, if exceeded, would indicate the potential for a project to contribute to violations of the NAAQS or CAAQS. Table 3.3-1 lists the SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds. Table 3.3-1. SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds Criteria Pollutants Mass Daily Thresholds Pollutant Construction (Pounds per Day) Operation (Pounds per Day) VOCs 75 55 NOx 100 55 CO 550 550 SOx 150 150 PM10 150 150 PM2.5 55 55 Leada 3 3 2 An area is designated as in attainment when it is in compliance with the NAAQS and/or the CAAQS. The NAAQS and CAAQS are set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB), respectively, for the maximum level of a given air pollutant that can exist in the outdoor air without unacceptable effects on human health or the public welfare. Attainment = meets the standards; attainment/maintenance = achieve the standards after a nonattainment designation; nonattainment = does not meet the standards. 3 Re-designation of the lead NAAQS designation to attainment for the Los Angeles County portion of the SCAB is expected based on current monitoring data. The phase out of leaded gasoline started in 1976. Since gasoline no longer contains lead, the project is not anticipated to result in impacts related to lead; therefore, it is not discussed in this analysis. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 30 MAY 2023 Table 3.3-1. SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds Criteria Pollutants Mass Daily Thresholds TACs and Odor Thresholds TACsb Maximum incremental cancer risk  10 in 1 million Cancer Burden > 0.5 excess cancer cases (in areas  1 in 1 million) Chronic and acute hazard index  1.0 (project increment) Odor Project creates an odor nuisance pursuant to SCAQMD Rule 402 Source: SCAQMD 2019. Notes: SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District; VOC = volatile organic compounds; NOx = oxides of nitrogen; CO = carbon monoxide; SOx = sulfur oxides; PM10 = coarse particulate matter; PM2.5 = fine particulate matter; TAC = toxic air contaminant; NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; ppm = parts per million by volume; g/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter. GHG emissions thresholds for industrial projects, as added in the March 2015 revision to the SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds, were not include included in Table 3.3-1 as they are addressed within the GHG emissions analysis and not the air quality analysis. a The phase out of leaded gasoline started in 1976. Since gasoline no longer contains lead, the project is not anticipated to result in impacts related to lead; therefore, it is not discussed in this analysis. b TACs include carcinogens and noncarcinogens. Short-Term Construction Impacts Construction of the project would result in the temporary addition of pollutants to the local airshed caused by on-site sources (e.g., off-road construction equipment, soil disturbance, VOC off-gassing from architectural coatings and asphalt pavement application) and off-site sources (e.g., vendor trucks, haul trucks, and worker vehicle trips). Specifically, entrained dust results from the exposure of earth surfaces to wind from the direct disturbance and movement of soil, resulting in PM10 and PM2.5 emissions. Internal combustion engines used by construction equipment, haul trucks, vendor trucks (i.e., delivery trucks), and worker vehicles would result in emissions of VOC, NOx, CO, PM10, and PM2.5. Construction emissions can vary substantially from day to day depending on the level of activity; the specific type of operation; and, for dust, the prevailing weather conditions. Application of architectural coatings, such as exterior paint and other finishes, and application of asphalt pavement would also produce VOC emissions. VOC off-gassing emissions result from evaporation of solvents contained in surface coatings such as in paints and primers used during construction of the facility. CalEEMod calculates the VOC evaporative emissions from application of surface coatings based on the VOC emissions factor, the building square footage, and the assumed fraction of surface area. The VOC content for all coatings was assumed to be 10 grams per liter (super-compliant VOC coatings) in accordance with the City of Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Ordinance. The project would be required to comply with SCAQMD Rule 403 to control dust emissions generated during any dust-generating activities. Standard construction practices that would be employed to reduce fugitive dust emissions include watering of the active dust areas at least two times per day or more depending on weather conditions, which was assumed in CalEEMod. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 31 MAY 2023 Emissions from the construction phase of the proposed project were estimated using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod version 2020.4.0) default values. Construction was assumed to begin in April 2023 and conclude in June 2024, lasting approximately 14 months (see Section 2.4, Project Construction and Phasing for additional detail)4. As a result of demolition, 33,500 tons of debris were estimated to be exported from the site. The analysis contained herein is based on the following schedule assumptions (duration of phases is approximate): ▪ Demolition: 1 month (April 2023) ▪ Site Preparation: 2 weeks (April 2023 – May 2023) ▪ Grading: 1 month (May 2023 – June 2023) ▪ Building Construction: 10 months (June 2023 – April 2024) ▪ Paving – 1 month (April 2024 – May 2024) ▪ Application of Architectural Coatings: 1 month (May 2024 – June 2024) Construction modeling assumptions for equipment and vehicles are provided in Table 3.3-2. Applicant- provided values for equipment mix and horsepower were used where available; default values provided in CalEEMod were applied when project-specific information was not available, including equipment load factor. It is anticipated that approximately 17,925 cubic yards of fill material would be imported and 12,586 cubic yards of cut material would be exported during construction. For the analysis, it was generally assumed that heavy-duty construction equipment would be operating at the site 5 days per week. Table 3.3-2. Construction Scenario Assumptions Potential Construction Phase One-Way Vehicle Trips Equipment Average Daily Workers Average Daily Vendor Trucks Total Haul Trucks Type Quantity Usage Hours Demolition (20 days) 16 4 152 Excavators 3 8 Rubber Tired Dozers 2 8 Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8 Site Preparation (10 days) 18 4 0 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8 Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8 Grading (20 days) 16 4 2,242 Excavators 1 8 Graders 1 8 Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8 4 At the time of the preparation of this analysis, it was anticipated that construction would begin in April 2023. However, due to delays during the entitlement process, construction is now anticipated to begin in Fall 2023. To maintain consistency with other technical analysis herein, a start date of April 2023 is maintained throughout this Addendum because it represents a worst-case scenario for criteria air pollutant and GHG emissions. This is because equipment and vehicle emission factors for later points in time would be slightly less due to more stringent standards for in-use off-road equipment and heavy-duty trucks, as well as fleet turnover replacing older equipment and vehicles in later years. In simple terms, construction equipment and operational vehicles will become cleaner from an emissions standpoint over time. As such, while construction is anticipated to begin in Fall 2023, the analysis, including the air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions impact analysis is based on an April 2023 start date. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 32 MAY 2023 Table 3.3-2. Construction Scenario Assumptions Potential Construction Phase One-Way Vehicle Trips Equipment Average Daily Workers Average Daily Vendor Trucks Total Haul Trucks Type Quantity Usage Hours Building Construction (230 days) 118 46 0 Cranes 1 7 Forklifts 3 8 Generator Sets 1 8 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7 Welders 1 8 Paving (20 days) 16 4 0 Pavers 2 8 Paving Equipment 2 8 Rollers 2 8 Architectural Coating (20 days) 24 4 0 Air Compressor 1 6 Table 3.3-3 shows the estimated maximum daily construction emissions associated with the construction phase of the proposed project. Table 3.3-3. Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions Year VOC NOx CO SOx PM10 PM2.5 pounds per day 2023 2.73 31.12 21.37 0.10 10.34 5.77 2024 7.73 15.42 20.98 0.05 2.25 1.03 Maximum Daily Emissions 7.73 31.12 21.37 0.10 10.34 5.77 SCAQMD Threshold 75 100 550 150 150 55 Threshold Exceeded? No No No No No No Notes: VOC = volatile organic compound; NOx = oxides of nitrogen; CO = carbon monoxide; SOx = sulfur oxides; PM10 = coarse particulate matter; PM2.5 = fine particulate matter. See Appendix A-1 for complete results. The values shown are the maximum summer or winter daily emissions results from CalEEMod. These estimates reflect control of fugitive dust required by SCAQMD Rule 403, specifically, watering of active site areas two times per day (SCAQMD 2005). As shown in Table 3.3-3, daily construction emissions would not exceed the SCAQMD significance thresholds for VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, or PM2.5 during project construction. Therefore, construction impacts of the proposed project would be less than significant, and no mitigation measure is required. Therefore, no new or more severe short-term impacts associated with a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment would occur, and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 33 MAY 2023 Long-Term Operational Impacts Operation of the proposed project would generate VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, and PM2.5 emissions from mobile sources, including vehicle trips; area sources, including the use of consumer products, architectural coatings for repainting, and landscape maintenance equipment; and energy sources, including combustion of fuels used for space and water heating, which are described further below. Unrefrigerated warehouse was selected as the representative land use in CalEEMod because the proposed project would not include cold storage. Area Sources CalEEMod was used to estimate operational emissions from area sources, including emissions from consumer product use, architectural coatings, and landscape maintenance equipment. Emissions associated with natural gas usage in space heating and water heating are calculated in the building energy use module of CalEEMod, as described in the following text. Consumer products are chemically formulated products used by household and institutional consumers, including detergents; cleaning compounds; polishes; floor finishes; cosmetics; personal care products; home, lawn, and garden products; disinfectants; sanitizers; aerosol paints; and automotive specialty products. Other paint products, furniture coatings, or architectural coatings are not considered consumer products (CAPCOA 2017). Consumer product VOC emissions are estimated in CalEEMod based on the floor area of non-residential buildings and on the default factor of pounds of VOC per building square foot per day. The CalEEMod default values for consumer products were assumed. VOC off-gassing emissions result from evaporation of solvents contained in surface coatings such as in paints and primers using during building maintenance. CalEEMod calculates the VOC evaporative emissions from application of surface coatings based on the VOC emission factor, the building square footage, the assumed fraction of surface area, and the reapplication rate. The VOC emission factor is based on the VOC content of the surface coatings, and SCAQMD’s Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings) governs the VOC content for interior and exterior coatings. The model default reapplication rate of 10% of area per year is assumed. Consistent with CalEEMod defaults for non-residential uses, it is assumed that the surface area for painting equals 2.0 times the floor square footage, with 75% assumed for interior coating and 25% assumed for exterior surface coating (CAPCOA 2017). VOC content of architectural coatings was assumed to be 10 grams per liter (super-compliant VOC coatings) in accordance with the City of Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Ordinance. Landscape maintenance includes fuel combustion emissions from equipment such as lawn mowers, rototillers, shredders/grinders, blowers, trimmers, chainsaws, and hedge trimmers. The emissions associated from landscape equipment use are estimated based on CalEEMod default values for emission factors (grams per square foot of building space per day) and number of summer days (when landscape maintenance would generally be performed) and winter days. Energy Sources As represented in CalEEMod, energy sources include emissions associated with building electricity and natural gas usage. Electricity use would contribute indirectly to criteria air pollutant emissions; however, Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 34 MAY 2023 the emissions from electricity use are only quantified for GHGs in CalEEMod, since criteria pollutant emissions occur at the power plant, which is typically off site. CalEEMod default values for energy consumption for the land use (unrefrigerated warehouse) were applied for the project analysis because the proposed project would not include cold storage. The energy use from non-residential land uses is calculated in CalEEMod based on the California Commercial End- Use Survey database. Energy use in buildings (both natural gas and electricity) is divided by the program into end-use categories subject to Title 24 requirements (end uses associated with the building envelope, such as the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, water heating system, and integrated lighting) and those not subject to Title 24 requirements (such as appliances, electronics, and miscellaneous “plug-in” uses). Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations serves to enhance and regulate California’s building standards. The current Title 24, Part 6 standards, referred to as the 2019 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, became effective on January 1, 2020. The 2019 Title 24 standards are assumed within the CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0 (CAPCOA 2021). The 2022 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, which will be effective January 1, 2023, and applicable to the project, will further reduce energy used and associated emissions compared to current standards. Mobile Sources Following the completion of construction activities, the Project would generate criteria pollutant emissions from mobile sources (vehicular traffic) as a result of employees and visitors of the project. Based on the trip generation for the project (as shown in Section 3.17), there would be 271 total vehicle trips per day, 84 of which are trucks and 187 are passenger cars. The truck breakdown by axle was also taken from the trip generation for the project (Section 3.17). CalEEMod was used to estimate emissions from proposed vehicular sources (refer to Attachment A-1). CalEEMod default data, trip characteristics, variable start information, and emissions factors, were conservatively used for the model inputs. Project-related traffic was assumed to include a mixture of vehicles in accordance with the associated use (as discussed below), as modeled within CalEEMod, which is based on the California Air Resources Board (CARB) EMFAC2017 model. Emission factors representing the vehicle mix and emissions for 2024 were used to estimate emissions associated with vehicular sources. Two land uses in CalEEMod were used to model emissions from mobile sources. The “unrefrigerated warehouse-no rail” land use was used to model trucks and the “unrefrigerated warehouse- rail” was used to model passenger cars. The trip rates (as stated above) were apportioned to each land use accordingly. The fleet mix for trucks was determined based off the SCAQMD Warehouse study and included the following vehicle categories: 2-axle trucks (50% LHD1 and 50% LHD2), 3-axle trucks (MHD), and 4-axle trucks (HHD). The fleet mix for passenger vehicles was assumed consistent with the EMFAC fleet mix for the air basin for the following vehicle categories: LDA, LDT1, and LDT2. Vehicle trip lengths were assumed to be 40 miles for truck trips (in accordance with SCAQMD guidance) and the CalEEMod defaults for passenger car trips. On May 7, 2021, the SCAQMD adopted the Warehouse Indirect Source Rule, Rule 2305. Rule 2305 was adopted to facilitate local and regional emission reductions associated with existing and new warehouses with an indoor warehouse floor space equal to or greater than 100,000 square feet within a single building and the mobile sources associated with these warehouses. Under Rule 2305, operators of applicable existing and new warehouses are subject to an annual Warehouse Actions and Investments to Reduce Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 35 MAY 2023 Emissions Points Compliance Obligation intended to reduce regional and local emissions from warehouse indirect sources. Based on the approximately 158,144-square-foot warehouse building proposed for the project, Rule 2305 would be applicable to the project. It can be assumed that NOx and PM emissions will be less than those quantified in this section because of the enforcement of Rule 2305. Off-Road Equipment Forklifts and yard trucks are operational sources typically associated with warehouse/industrial land uses. The City of Fontana Industrial Commerce Center Sustainability Ordinance requires that the project only utilize zero emission operational equipment; therefore, forklifts and yard trucks do not affect air quality. Table 3.3-4 presents the maximum daily emissions associated with operation of the project in 2024 at buildout. The operational emissions results show the net difference between the existing land uses (i.e., industrial and trucking based businesses; see Section 2.2, Environmental Setting) and the project land uses. The trip rates for the existing land uses were based on traffic driveway counts detailed in Section 3.17. The values shown are the maximum summer and winter daily emissions results from CalEEMod. Complete details of the emissions calculations are provided in Appendix A-1. Table 3.3-4. Estimated Maximum Daily Operational Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions Emission Source VOC NOx CO SOx PM10 PM2.5 pounds per day Existing Land Uses Area 1.27 0.04 1.18 <0.01 0.15 0.15 Energy 0.01 0.05 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Mobile 0.82 19.96 11.62 0.12 6.56 1.95 Existing Total 2.10 20.05 12.84 0.12 6.71 2.10 Project Land Uses Area 3.20 <0.01 0.03 0.00 <0.01 <0.01 Energy 0.01 0.09 0.07 <0.01 0.01 0.01 Mobile 0.65 14.50 10.07 0.09 5.30 1.55 Project Total 3.87 14.58 10.17 0.09 5.31 1.56 Net Total 1.77 -5.47 -2.67 -0.03 -1.40 -0.54 SCAQMD Threshold 55 55 550 150 150 55 Threshold Exceeded? No No No No No No Notes: VOC = volatile organic compound; NOx = oxides of nitrogen; CO = carbon monoxide; SOx = sulfur oxides; PM10 = particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 10 microns (coarse particulate matter); PM2.5 = particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (fine particulate matter); SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District. See Appendix A-1 for complete results. The values shown are the maximum summer or winter daily emissions results from CalEEMod, output and operational year 2024. The total values may not add up exactly due to rounding. Consistent with MM 4.2-5a, it was assumed in CalEEMod that the project would exceed 2016 Title 24 energy efficiency standards by 5%. As shown in Table 3.3-4, net maximum daily operational emissions of VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, and PM2.5 generated by the proposed project would not exceed the SCAQMD’s significance thresholds. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 36 MAY 2023 As previously discussed, the SCAB has been designated as a federal nonattainment area for O3 and PM2.5, and a state nonattainment area for O3, PM10, and PM2.5. The nonattainment status is the result of cumulative emissions from various sources of air pollutants and their precursors within the SCAB, including motor vehicles, off-road equipment, and commercial and industrial facilities. Construction and operational activities of the proposed project would generate VOC and NOx emissions (precursors to O3) and emissions of PM10 and PM2.5. However, as indicated in Tables 3 and 4, project-generated emissions would not exceed the SCAQMD emission-based significance thresholds for VOCs, NOx, PM10, or PM2.5. Therefore, no new or more severe long-term impacts associated with a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment would occur, and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. c) Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that construction and operation of the SWIP SP would not expose any sensitive receptors to substantial, localized pollutant concentrations. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that air quality impacts related to localized pollutant concentrations would be less than significant and no mitigation was required. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would not expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations as evaluated below. Sensitive Receptors Sensitive receptors are those individuals more susceptible to the effects of air pollution than the population at large. People most likely to be affected by air pollution include children, the elderly, and people with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases. According to the SCAQMD, sensitive receptors include sites such as residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, long-term healthcare facilities, rehabilitation centers, convalescent centers, and retirement homes (SCAQMD 1993). Localized Significance Thresholds The SCAQMD recommends a localized significance threshold (LST) analysis to evaluate localized air quality impacts to sensitive receptors in the immediate vicinity of the project as a result of proposed project activities. The impacts were analyzed using methods consistent with those in the SCAQMD’s Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology (2008a). The SCAQMD mass rate look-up tables were developed for each Source-Receptor Area (SRA) and are used to determine whether or not a project may generate significant adverse localized air quality impacts. The project is located within SRA 34 (Central San Bernardino Valley). The total project acreage is 6.46 and the closest sensitive receptor to the project is a high school approximately 1,350 feet south of the project site. In accordance with the SCAQMD Fact Sheet for Applying CalEEMod to Localized Significance Thresholds, the project would disturb a maximum of 2-acres per day during the grading phase. This analysis conservatively applies the SCAQMD LST values for a 2-acre Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 37 MAY 2023 site within Source-Receptor Area (SRA) 34 with a receptor distance of 200 meters (656 feet). Interpolation of rate look-up tables was performed to determine values for a 2-acre site. Project construction activities would result in temporary sources of on-site criteria air pollutant emissions associated with off-road equipment exhaust and fugitive dust generation. According to the Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, “off-site mobile emissions from the project should not be included in the emissions compared to the LSTs” (SCAQMD 2008a). Trucks and worker trips associated with the proposed project are not expected to cause substantial air quality impacts to sensitive receptors along off- site roadways since emissions would be relatively brief in nature and would cease once the vehicles pass through the main streets. Therefore, off-site emissions from trucks and worker vehicle trips are not included in the LST analysis. The maximum daily on-site emissions generated construction of the proposed project in each construction year are presented in Table 3.3-5 and compared to the SCAQMD localized significance criteria for Source-Receptor Area 34 to determine whether project-generated on-site emissions would result in potential LST impacts. Table 3.3-5. Construction Localized Significance Thresholds Analysis Year NO2 CO PM10 PM2.5 Pounds per Day (On Site)a 2023 27.59 19.93 10.12 5.71 2024 14.16 17.31 0.64 0.59 Maximum 27.59 19.93 10.12 5.71 SCAQMD LST Criteria 378 6,346 83 26 Threshold Exceeded? No No No No Source: SCAQMD 2008a. Notes: NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; CO = carbon monoxide; PM10 = particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 10 microns (coarse particulate matter); PM2.5 = particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (fine particulate matter); SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District; LST = localized significance threshold. See Appendix A-1 for detailed results. Maximum on-site emissions occurred during the overlap of the following phases: building construction, grading 2 – fine grading, site concrete, landscaping, and paving-asphalt. a Localized significance thresholds are shown for a 2-acre disturbed area corresponding to a distance to a sensitive receptor of 200 meters in Source-Receptor Area 34 (Central San Bernardino Valley). As shown in Table 3.3-5, proposed construction activities would not generate emissions in excess of site- specific LSTs; therefore, localized impacts of the proposed project would be less than significant. CO Hotspots Traffic-congested roadways and intersections have the potential to generate localized high levels of CO. Localized areas where ambient concentrations exceed federal and/or state standards for CO are termed “CO hotspots.” The transport of CO is extremely limited, as it disperses rapidly with distance from the source. Under certain extreme meteorological conditions, however, CO concentrations near a congested roadway or intersection may reach unhealthy levels, affecting sensitive receptors. Typically, high CO concentrations are associated with severely congested intersections operating at an unacceptable level of service (LOS) (LOS E or worse is unacceptable). Projects contributing to adverse traffic impacts may result in the formation of a CO hotspot. Additional analysis of CO hotspot impacts would be conducted if a project would result in a significant impact or contribute to an adverse traffic impact at a signalized intersection Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 38 MAY 2023 that would potentially subject sensitive receptors to CO hotspots. No new or more severe impacts associated with programs, plans, ordinances, and policies addressing the circulation system would occur, and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. Accordingly, the proposed project would not generate traffic that would contribute to potential adverse traffic impacts that may result in the formation of CO hotspots. In addition, due to continued improvement in vehicular emissions at a rate faster than the rate of vehicle growth and/or congestion, the potential for CO hotspots in the SCAB is steadily decreasing. Based on these considerations, the proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact to air quality with regard to potential CO hotspots. Construction Health Risk Assessment An HRA was performed to evaluate potential health risk associated with construction of the project. The following discussion summarizes the dispersion modeling and HRA methodology; supporting construction HRA documentation, including detailed assumptions, is presented in Appendix A-2. For risk assessment purposes, PM10 in diesel exhaust is considered DPM, originating mainly from off-road equipment operating at a defined location for a given length of time at a given distance from sensitive receptors. Less-intensive, more-dispersed emissions result from on road vehicle exhaust (e.g., heavy-duty diesel trucks). For the construction HRA, the CalEEMod scenario for the project was adjusted to reduce diesel truck one-way trip distances to 1,000 feet (0.19 miles) to estimate emissions from truck pass-by at proximate receptors. The air dispersion modeling methodology was based on generally accepted modeling practices of SCAQMD (SCAQMD 2022a). Air dispersion modeling was performed using the EPA’s American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) Version 21112 modeling system (computer software) with the Lakes Environmental Software implementation/user interface, AERMOD View Version 10.2.1 The HRA followed the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) 2015 guidelines (OEHHA 2015) and SCAQMD guidance to calculate the health risk impacts at all proximate receptors as further discussed below. The dispersion modeling included the use of standard regulatory default options. AERMOD parameters were selected consistent with the SCAQMD and EPA guidance and identified as representative of the project site and project activities. Principal parameters of this modeling are presented in Table 3.3-6. Table 3.3-6. American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Principal Parameters Parameter Details Meteorological Data AERMOD-specific meteorological data for the Ontario Airport air monitoring station (KONT) was used for the dispersion modeling (SCAQMD 2022b). A 5-year meteorological data set from 2012 through 2016 was obtained from the SCAQMD in a preprocessed format suitable for use in AERMOD. Urban versus Rural Option Urban dispersion option was selected due to the developed nature of the project area and per SCAQMD guidelines. Terrain Characteristics The elevation of the site is 948 feet (289 meters) above sea level. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 39 MAY 2023 Table 3.3-6. American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Principal Parameters Parameter Details Elevation Data Digital elevation data were imported into AERMOD and elevations were assigned to receptors and emission sources, as necessary. Digital elevation data were obtained through the AERMOD View in the United States Geological Survey’s National Elevation Dataset format with a resolution of 1/3 degree (approximately 10 meters), consistent with the SCAQMD guidance (SCAQMD 2022a). Source Release Characterizations Air dispersion modeling of DPM emissions was conducted assuming the off-road equipment would operate in accordance with the modeling scenario estimated in CalEEMod (Appendix A-1). The construction equipment and on-site truck travel DPM emissions were modeled as a line of adjacent volume sources across the project site to represent project construction with a release height of 5 meters, plume height of 10 meters, and plume width of 8 meters (SCAQMD 2008a, EPA 2021). Note: AERMOD = American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model; SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District; DPM = diesel particular matter; CalEEMod = California Emissions Estimator Model. See Appendix A-1. Regarding receptors, the construction scenario used at a minimum a 1-kilometer by 1-kilometer Cartesian receptor grid with 50-meter spacing to establish the impact area and evaluate locations of maximum health risk impact (SCAQMD 2022a). Discrete receptors were placed over residential and school facilities in closest proximity to the site. The health risk calculations were performed using the Hotspots Analysis and Reporting Program Version 2 (HARP2) Air Dispersion and Risk Tool (ADMRT, dated 22118). AERMOD was run with all sources emitting unit emissions (1 gram per second) to obtain the necessary input values for HARP2. The line of volume sources was partitioned evenly based on the 1 gram per second emission rate. The ground-level concentration plot files were then used to estimate the long-term cancer health risk to an individual, and the non-cancer chronic health indices. There is no reference exposure level (REL) for acute health impacts from DPM, and, thus, acute risk was not evaluated. Cancer risk is defined as the increase in probability (chance) of an individual developing cancer due to exposure to a carcinogenic compound, typically expressed as the increased chances in one million. Maximum Individual Cancer Risk is the estimated probability of a maximally exposed individual potentially contracting cancer as a result of exposure to TACs over a period of 30 years for residential receptor locations. For the purposes of this construction HRA, given the less-than-lifetime exposure period, and the higher breathing rates and sensitivity of children to TACs, the cancer risk calculation assumes that the exposure would affect children early in their lives. The 15-month exposure duration construction was assumed to start during the third trimester of pregnancy through 14 months of age based on the duration of construction. The exposure pathway for DPM is inhalation only. The SCAQMD has also established non-carcinogenic risk parameters for use in HRAs since some TACs increase non-cancer health risk due to long-term (chronic) exposures and some TACs increase non-cancer health risk due to short-term (acute) exposures. No short-term, acute relative exposure level has been established for DPM; therefore, acute impacts of DPM are not addressed in the HRA. Chronic exposure is evaluated in the construction HRA. Non-carcinogenic risks are quantified by calculating a hazard index, expressed as the ratio between the ambient pollutant concentration and its toxicity or REL, which is Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 40 MAY 2023 a concentration at or below which health effects are not likely to occur. The chronic hazard index is the sum of the individual substance chronic hazard indices for all TACs affecting the same target organ system. A hazard index less of than one (1.0) means that adverse health effects are not expected. The Maximum Individual Cancer Risk and the Chronic Hazard Index for residential and student receptors as a result of project construction are presented in Table 3.3-7. Table 3.3-7. Construction Activity Health Risk Assessment Results - Unmitigated Impact Parameter Units Project Impact CEQA Threshold Level of Significance MICR—Residential Per Million 1.86 10.0 Less than Significant MICR—Student Per Million 0.28 10.0 Less than Significant HIC Not Applicable 0.002 1.0 Less than Significant Notes: MICR = Maximum Individual Cancer Risk; HIC = Chronic Hazard Index. Source: Appendix A-2. The results of the construction analysis demonstrate that the exhibit maximum individual cancer risks (MICR) for the student and residential receptors are below the 10 in a million threshold and below the chronic hazard indices (HIC) thresholds. The project construction TACs impact from DPM emissions would be less than significant. Therefore, no new or more severe short-term impacts associated with exposing sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations would occur, and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. Operational Health Risk Assessment A HRA was performed to evaluate potential health risk associated with operation of the project. The following discussion summarizes the dispersion modeling and HRA methodology; supporting operational HRA documentation, including detailed assumptions, is presented in Appendix A-2. CARB’s Air Quality and Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective encourages consideration of the health impacts of distribution centers that accommodate more than 100 trucks per day on sensitive receptors sited within 1,000 feet from the source in the land use decision-making process (CARB 2005). For the operational health risk assessment (included as Appendix A-2), operational year 2024 was assumed, consistent with completion of project construction. Emissions from the operation of the project include truck trips and truck idling emissions and forklift operation. For risk assessment purposes, PM10 in diesel exhaust is considered DPM, originating mainly from trucks traveling on site and off site and trucks idling at the loading docks. Truck idling emission rates were obtained from CARB’s EMFAC2017, and truck trip emissions are estimated with CalEEMod. Emission factors representing the vehicle mix and emissions for 2024 were used to estimate emissions associated with operation of the project. Truck idling would be limited to 5 minutes in accordance with CARB’s adopted Airborne Toxic Control Measure; however, truck idling was conservatively assumed to idle for 15 minutes.5 Therefore, the analysis conservatively 5 Although the project is required to comply with CARB’s idling limit of 5 minutes, on-site idling emissions was estimated for 15 minutes of truck idling, which would take into account on-site idling while the trucks are waiting to pull up to the loading dock, idling at the loading dock, and idling during check-in and check-out. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 41 MAY 2023 overestimates DPM emissions from idling. Deliveries would occur every day of the week. A total of 18 forklifts were assumed to operate with electric power engines at the project loading dock areas. Conservatively, a 2024 emission factor data set was used for the entire duration of the analysis (i.e., 30 years). Use of the 2024 emission factors would overstate potential impacts since this approach does not include reductions in emissions due to fleet turnover or cleaner technology with lower emissions. The truck travel DPM emissions were calculated by applying the exhaust PM10 emission factor from CalEEMod and the total truck trip number over the length of the distance traveled. In addition, the on-site truck idling exhaust emissions were calculated by applying the idle exhaust PM10 emission factor from EMFAC2017 and total truck trip over the total idling time (i.e., 15 minutes). The truck traffic was modeled as a line of adjacent volume sources with 60% of the truck traffic travelling north to I-10 from the project site. The other 40% of the truck traffic was modeled travelling west to I-15. As previously described, health effects from carcinogenic air toxics are usually described in terms of cancer risk. The SCAQMD recommends a carcinogenic (cancer) risk threshold of 10 in one million. Some TACs increase noncancer health risk due to long-term (chronic) exposures. A hazard index less than one (1.0) means that adverse health effects are not expected. Within this analysis, noncarcinogenic exposures of less than 1.0 are considered less than significant. The exhaust from diesel engines is a complex mixture of gases, vapors, and particles, many of which are known human carcinogens. DPM has established cancer risk factors and relative exposure values for long-term chronic health hazard impacts. No short-term, acute relative exposure values are established and regulated and are therefore not addressed in this assessment. The air dispersion modeling methodology was based on generally accepted modeling practices of SCAQMD (SCAQMD 2022a). Air dispersion modeling was performed using the EPA’s AERMOD (Version 21112) modeling system with the Lakes Environmental Software implementation/user interface, AERMOD View Version 10.2.1. The HRA followed the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) 2015 guidelines (OEHHA 2015) and SCAQMD guidance to calculate the health risk impacts at all proximate receptors as further discussed below. The dispersion modeling included the use of standard regulatory default options. AERMOD parameters were selected consistent with the SCAQMD and EPA guidance and identified as representative of the project site and project activities. Principal parameters of this modeling are presented in Table 3.3-8. Table 3.3-8. American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Principal Parameters Parameter Details Meteorological Data AERMOD-specific meteorological data for the Ontario Airport air monitoring station (KONT) was used for the dispersion modeling (SCAQMD 2022b). A 5-year meteorological data set from 2012 through 2016 was obtained from the SCAQMD in a preprocessed format suitable for use in AERMOD. Urban versus Rural Option Urban dispersion option was selected due to the developed nature of the project area and per SCAQMD guidelines. Terrain Characteristics The elevation of the site is 948 feet (289 meters) above sea level. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 42 MAY 2023 Table 3.3-8. American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Principal Parameters Parameter Details Elevation Data Digital elevation data were imported into AERMOD and elevations were assigned to receptors and emission sources, as necessary. Digital elevation data were obtained through the AERMOD View in the United States Geological Survey’s National Elevation Dataset format with a resolution of 1/3 degree (approximately 10 meters), consistent with the SCAQMD guidance (SCAQMD 2022a). Source Release Characterizations Air dispersion modeling of operational activities was conducted using emissions generated using EMFAC2017and CalEEMod. Off-site and on-site truck travel were modeled as a line of adjacent volume sources, and based on EPA methodology, the modeled sources would result in a release height of 3.4 meters, a plume height of 6.8 meters, and a plume width of 13.4 meters (SBCAPCD 2020). Truck idle emissions were modeled with a release height of 8 meters, a plume height of 4 meters, and a plume width of 8.6 meters (SBCAPCD 2020). Note: AERMOD = American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model; SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District; SMCAPCD = Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control District; EPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. See Appendix A-2 For the operational health risk, the HRA assumes exposure would start in the 3rd trimester through 30 years for all residential sensitive receptor locations. The exposure duration for a student would start at age 14 through age 18 at a high school. The SCAQMD has also established noncarcinogenic risk parameters for use in HRAs since some TACs increase non-cancer health risk due to long-term (chronic) exposures. Noncarcinogenic risks are quantified by calculating a hazard index, expressed as the ratio between the ambient pollutant concentration and its toxicity or REL, which is a concentration at or below which health effects are not likely to occur. The chronic hazard index is the sum of the individual substance chronic hazard indices for all TACs affecting the same target organ system, similarly calculated for acute hazard index. The results of the HRA during operation are provided in Table 3.3-9. Table 3.3-9. Operational Health Risk Assessment Results - Unmitigated Impact Parameter Units Project Impact CEQA Threshold Level of Significance MICR—Residential Per Million 0.16 10.0 Less than Significant MICR—Student Per Million 0.013 10.0 Less than Significant HIC Not Applicable 0.00004 1.0 Less than Significant Notes: MICR = Maximum Individual Cancer Risk; HIC = Chronic Hazard Index. Source: Appendix A-2. The results of the operational analysis demonstrate that the exhibit MICR for the student and residential receptors are below the 10 in a million threshold and chronic HIC threshold. The project operational TACs impact from DPM emissions would be less than significant Therefore, no new or more severe long-term impacts associated with exposing sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations would occur, and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 43 MAY 2023 Health Effects of Criteria Air Pollutants Construction and operation of the proposed project would generate criteria air pollutant emissions; however, estimated construction and operational emissions would not exceed the SCAQMD mass-emission daily thresholds as shown in Tables 3.3-3 and 3.3-4, respectively. As previously discussed, the SCAB has been designated as a federal nonattainment area for O3 and PM2.5 and a state nonattainment area for O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Health effects associated with O3 include respiratory symptoms, worsening of lung disease leading to premature death, and damage to lung tissue (CARB 2019b). VOCs and NOx are precursors to O3, for which the SCAB is designated as nonattainment with respect to the NAAQS and CAAQS. The contribution of VOCs and NOx to regional ambient O3 concentrations is the result of complex photochemistry. The increases in O3 concentrations in the SCAB due to O3 precursor emissions tend to be found downwind from the source location to allow time for the photochemical reactions to occur. However, the potential for exacerbating excessive O3 concentrations would also depend on the time of year that the VOC emissions would occur because exceedances of the O3 ambient air quality standards tend to occur between April and October when solar radiation is highest. The holistic effect of a single project’s emissions of O3 precursors is speculative because of the lack of quantitative methods to assess this impact. Because construction and operation of the proposed project would not result in O3 precursor emissions (i.e., VOCs or NOX) that would exceed the SCAQMD thresholds, as shown in Tables 3.3-3 and 3.3-4, the proposed project is not anticipated to substantially contribute to regional O3 concentrations and their associated health impacts. Health effects associated with NOx include lung irritation and enhanced allergic responses (CARB 2019c). Construction and operation of the proposed project would not generate NOx emissions that would exceed the SCAQMD mass daily thresholds; therefore, construction and operation of the proposed project is not anticipated to contribute to exceedances of the NAAQS and CAAQS for NO2 or contribute to associated health effects. In addition, the SCAB is designated as in attainment of the NAAQS and CAAQS for NO2 and the existing NO2 concentrations in the area are well below the NAAQS and CAAQS standards. Health effects associated with CO include chest pain in patients with heart disease, headache, light- headedness, and reduced mental alertness (CARB 2019d). CO tends to be a localized impact associated with congested intersections. CO hotspots were discussed previously as a less-than- significant impact. Thus, the proposed project’s CO emissions would not contribute to the health effects associated with this pollutant. Health effects associated with PM10 and PM2.5 include premature death and hospitalization, primarily for worsening of respiratory disease (CARB 2019e). As with O3 and NOX, and as shown in Tables 3 and 4, the proposed project would not generate emissions of PM10 or PM2.5 that would exceed the SCAQMD’s thresholds. Accordingly, the proposed project’s PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are not expected to cause an increase in related health effects for this pollutant. Therefore, no new or more severe significant contribution to adverse health impacts associated with criteria pollutants would occur, and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 44 MAY 2023 d) Would the project result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would not expose a substantial number of people to objectionable odors. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. An analysis of odors was not included in the PEIR; thus, the following serves as the overarching odor analysis for the project. The occurrence and severity of potential odor impacts depend on numerous factors. The nature, frequency, and intensity of the source; the wind speeds and direction; and the sensitivity of receiving location each contribute to the intensity of the impact. Although offensive odors seldom cause physical harm, they can cause distress among the public and generate citizen complaints. Odors would be potentially generated from vehicles and equipment exhaust emissions during construction of the project. Potential odors produced during construction would be attributable to concentrations of unburned hydrocarbons from tailpipes of construction equipment, architectural coatings, and asphalt pavement application. Such odors would disperse rapidly from the project site and generally occur at magnitudes that would not affect substantial numbers of people. Therefore, impacts associated with odors during construction would be less than significant. Land uses and industrial operations associated with odor complaints include agricultural uses, wastewater treatment plants, food-processing plants, chemical plants, composting, refineries, landfills, dairies, and fiberglass molding (SCAQMD 1993). The project entails operation of a warehouse; therefore, project operations would result in an odor impact that is less than significant. Therefore, no new or more severe impacts associated with other emissions, including odors, would occur, no new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to air quality to be implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum: MM-4.2-2k Prior to approval of future development projects within the project area, the City of Fontana shall conduct a project‐level environmental review to determine potential vehicle emission impacts associated with the project(s). Mitigation measures shall be developed for each project as it is considered to mitigate potentially significant impacts to the extent feasible. Potential mitigation measures may require that facilities with over 250 employees (full or part‐time employees at a worksite for a consecutive six‐month period calculated as a monthly average), as required by the Air Quality Management Plan, implement Transportation Demand Management (TDM) programs. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 45 MAY 2023 MM-4.2-2l New warehouse facilities or distribution centers that generate a minimum of 100 truck trips per day, or 40 truck trips with transport refrigeration units (TRUs) per day, or TRU operations exceeding 300 hours per week shall not be located closer than 1,000 feet from any existing or proposed sensitive land use such as residential, a hospital, medical offices, day care facilities, and/or fire stations (pursuant to the recommendations set forth in the CARB Air Quality and Land Use Handbook), unless the increase in health risk for such sensitive receptors due to an individual project is shown to be less than the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s thresholds of significance (Maximum Incremental Cancer Risk ≥ 10 in 1 million; Cancer Burden > 0.5 excess cancer cases [in areas ≥ 1 in 1 million]; and Chronic & Acute Hazard Index ≥ 1.0 [project increment]). With regard to expansions/modifications of existing warehouse facilities or distribution centers, this mitigation measure shall be applied to the resulting incremental net increase in truck trips or TRU operations, and any resulting net increase in health risk impacts, as compared to those existing at the time an expansion/modification project is proposed. The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to air quality to be implemented following project approval: MM-4.2-1a All construction equipment shall be maintained in good operating condition so as to reduce emissions. The construction contractor shall ensure that all construction equipment is being properly serviced and maintained as per the manufacturer’s specification. Maintenance records shall be available at the construction site for City verification. The following additional measures, as determined applicable by the City Engineer, shall be included as conditions of the Grading Permit issuance: ▪ Provide temporary traffic controls such as a flag person, during all phases of construction to maintain smooth traffic flow. ▪ Provide dedicated turn lanes for movement of construction trucks and equipment on- and off-site. ▪ Reroute construction trucks away from congested streets or sensitive receptor areas. ▪ Appoint a construction relations officer to act as a community liaison concerning on- site construction activity including resolution of issues related to PM10 generation. ▪ Improve traffic flow by signal synchronization, and ensure that all vehicles and equipment will be properly tuned and maintained according to manufacturers’ specifications. ▪ Require the use of 2010 and newer diesel haul trucks (e.g., material delivery trucks and soil import/export). If the lead agency determines that 2010 model year or newer diesel trucks cannot be obtained the lead agency shall use trucks that meet EPA 2007 model year NOX and PM emissions requirements. ▪ During project construction, all internal combustion engines/construction equipment operating on the project site shall meet EPA-Certified Tier 3 emissions standards, or higher according to the following: - January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014: All off-road diesel-powered construction equipment greater than 50 hp shall meet Tier 3 offroad emissions standards. In addition, all construction equipment shall be outfitted with BACT devices certified by Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 46 MAY 2023 CARB. Any emissions control device used by the contractor shall achieve emissions reductions that are no less than what could be achieved by a Level 3 diesel emissions control strategy for a similarly sized engine as defined by CARB regulations. - Post-January 1, 2015: All off-road diesel-powered construction equipment greater than 50 hp shall meet the Tier 4 emission standards, where available. In addition, all construction equipment shall be outfitted with BACT devices certified by CARB. Any emissions control device used by the contractor shall achieve emissions reductions that are no less than what could be achieved by a Level 3 diesel emissions control strategy for a similarly sized engine as defined by CARB regulations. - A copy of each unit’s certified tier specification, BACT documentation, and CARB or SCAQMD operating permit shall be provided at the time of mobilization of each applicable unit of equipment. MM-4.2-1b Prior to the issuance of any grading permits, all applicants shall submit construction plans to the City of Fontana denoting the proposed schedule and projected equipment use. Construction contractors shall provide evidence that low emission mobile construction equipment will be utilized, or that their use was investigated and found to be infeasible for the project. Contractors shall also conform to any construction measures imposed by the SCAQMD as well as City Planning Staff. MM-4.2-1c All paints and coatings shall meet or exceed performance standards noted in SCAQMD Rule 1113. Specifically, the following measures shall be implemented, as feasible: ▪ Use coatings and solvents with a VOC content lower than that required under AQMD Rule 1113. ▪ Construct or build with materials that do not require painting. ▪ Require the use of pre-painted construction materials. MM-4.2-1d Projects that result in the construction of more than 19 single-family residential units, 40 multifamily residential units, or 45,000 square feet of retail/commercial/industrial space shall be required to apply paints either by hand or high volume, low pressure (HVLP) spray. These measures may reduce volatile organic compounds (VOC) associated with the application of paints and coatings by an estimated 60 to 75 percent. Alternatively, the contractor may specify the use of low volatility paints and coatings. Several of currently available primers have VOC contents of less than 0.85 pounds per gallon (e.g., Dulux professional exterior primer 100 percent acrylic). Top coats can be less than 0.07 pounds per gallon (8 grams per liter) (e.g., lifemaster 2000-series). This latter measure would reduce these VOC emissions by more than 70 percent. Larger projects should incorporate both the use of HVLP or hand application and the requirement for low volatility coatings. MM-4.2-1e All asphalt shall meet or exceed performance standards noted in SCAQMD Rule 1108. MM-4.2-1f Prior to the issuance of grading permits or approval of grading plans for future development projects within the project area, future developments shall include a dust control plan as part of the construction contract standard specifications. The dust control plan shall Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 47 MAY 2023 include measures to meet the requirements of SCAQMD Rules 402 and 403. Such measures may include, but are not limited to, the following: Phase and schedule activities to avoid high-ozone days and first-stage smog alerts. ▪ Discontinue operation during second-stage smog alerts. ▪ All haul trucks shall be covered prior to leaving the site to prevent dust from impacting the surrounding areas. ▪ Comply with AQMD Rule 403, particularly to minimize fugitive dust and noise to surrounding areas. ▪ Moisten soil each day prior to commencing grading to depth of soil cut. ▪ Water exposed surfaces at least twice a day under calm conditions, and as often as needed on windy days or during very dry weather in order to maintain a surface crust and minimize the release of visible emissions from the construction site. ▪ Treat any area that will be exposed for extended periods with a soil conditioner to stabilize soil or temporarily plant with vegetation. ▪ Wash mud-covered tires and undercarriages of trucks leaving construction sites. ▪ Provide for street sweeping, as needed, on adjacent roadways to remove dirt dropped by construction vehicles or mud, which would otherwise be carried off by trucks departing project sites. ▪ Securely cover all loads of fill coming to the site with a tight-fitting tarp. ▪ Cease grading during periods when winds exceed 25 miles per hour. ▪ Provide for permanent sealing of all graded areas, as applicable, at the earliest practicable time after soil disturbance. ▪ Use low-sulfur diesel fuel in all equipment. ▪ Use electric equipment whenever practicable. ▪ Shut off engines when not in use. MM-4.2-2c All industrial and commercial facilities shall post signs requiring that trucks shall not be left idling for prolonged periods pursuant to Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, Section 2485, which limits idle times to not more than five minutes. MM-4.2-2d The City shall require that both industrial and commercial uses designate preferential parking for vanpools. MM-4.2-2e The proposed commercial and industrial areas shall incorporate food service. MM-4.2-2f All industrial and commercial site tenants with 50 or more employees shall be required to post both bus and MetroLink schedules in conspicuous areas. MM-4.2-2g All industrial and commercial site tenants with 50 or more employees shall be requested to configure their operating schedules around the MetroLink schedule to the extent reasonably feasible. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 48 MAY 2023 MM-4.2-2j All residential, commercial, and industrial structures shall be required to incorporate light- colored roofing materials. 3.4 Biological Resources New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis IV. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES – Would the project: a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? b) Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? c) Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? d) Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites? e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 49 MAY 2023 a) Would the project have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that implementation of the SWIP SP had the potential to result in direct and/or indirect impacts to sensitive species, including the Delhi Sands flower loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis), burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), northwestern San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax fallax), western pocket mouse, western mastiff bat (Eumops perotis californicus), western yellow bat (Lasiurus xanthinus), and San Diego desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida intermedia). The SWIP SP PEIR also determined that portions of the SWIP SP area contain habitat for the San Bernardino kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami parvus), California gnatcatcher, and sensitive pocket mice. Lastly, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that construction activities within the SWIP SP area could disturb/destroy active raptor and/or migratory bird nests, which would be a violation of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.3-1a through MM-4.3-1h to reduce potential impacts to sensitive species and migratory birds (including the burrowing owl) to a level below significance. Analysis of Project: No Impact / No Substantial Change from Previous Project. The project has been previously graded and compacted for existing commercial development. No exposed soils were observed onsite that have not been heavily altered and compacted for the existing semi-truck storage and long-term vehicle parking. Wildlife use and species diversity was limited during the biological reconnaissance due to existing human disturbances. No animal burrows were observed on the study area to support sensitive pocket mice, woodrats, kangaroo rats, or burrowing owl. The project site contains ornamental plantings, disturbed land with ruderal vegetation adapted to disturbed environments, and developed land. No natural, native, or sensitive vegetation communities, including coastal sage scrub were observed on the project site during the biological reconnaissance. As such, special-status and rare plants are not expected to occur. Further, coastal California gnatcatcher is not expected to occur due to lack of coastal sage scrub vegetation. While no active bird nests were observed, there are foraging and nesting opportunities for migratory birds within the Eucalyptus trees and other ornamental plantings onsite (Appendix B-1, Biological Letter Report). In addition, a literature review of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey revealed no Delhi sands occur at or within the vicinity of the project. However, there are onsite (within the entire U.S. Geological Survey Fontana 24k quadrant) occurrence records of Delhi sands flower loving fly, the most recent from 2013 (CNDDB 2022). The Delhi sands flower-loving fly typically occurs in areas with Delhi sands present but has been found in other sandy habitats; however, the study area is devoid of native vegetation and there are no exposed soils on site that have not been compacted and heavily altered. Neither of the host plants most commonly associated with the species, California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), and telegraph weed (Heterotheca grandiflora), were observed during the survey. Additionally, no native plant communities or suitable habitat for this species occurs on the study area, and as such, there is no potential for the Delhi sands flower-loving fly to occur on the study area (Appendix B-1). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 50 MAY 2023 Therefore, the project would not result in new or more severe impacts that would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would not result in the loss of riparian habitat but could result in the loss or degradation of designated critical habitats of two federally listed species, the San Bernardino kangaroo rat and the California gnatcatcher. The SWIP SP PEIR applied mitigation (i.e., MM-4.3-1a through MM-4.3-1h) to future development projects within the SWIP SP area to reduce potential impacts to sensitive natural communities to less than significant. Analysis of Project: No Impact / No Substantial Change from Previous Project. There are no areas capable of supporting wetlands onsite due to the existing commercial development, and no riparian habitats were observed. No hydric soils occur on the project site. In addition, no natural or sensitive vegetation communities occur onsite to support habitat for sensitive kangaroo rats or California gnatcatcher (Appendix B-1). Therefore, the proposed project would have no impact to riparian habitats or other sensitive vegetation communities, and would not result in new or more severe impacts that would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. c) Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that there is a potential for streambeds, wetlands, and/or riparian areas to occur within the SWIP SP area, and that impacts to these water features and vegetation may require compliance with permit requirements of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Regional Water Quality Control Board, and California Department of Fish and Game. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.3-3a requiring jurisdictional delineations be performed for future development proposals that could potentially affect jurisdictional drainages or wetlands. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of SWIP SP PEIR MM-4.3-3a would reduce potential impacts to streambeds, wetlands, and/or riparian to a level below significance. Analysis of Project: No Impact / No Substantial Change from Previous Project. The assessment of potential jurisdictional waters on the study area determined there are no mapped waterways or drainages within or immediately adjacent to the study area that would be subjected to regulatory agency jurisdiction. No vernal pools, standing water, or mesic habitat was observed on the project site during the biological reconnaissance Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 51 MAY 2023 (Appendix B-1). A review of the National Wetlands Inventory identifies a concrete flood channel (Etiwanda/San Sevaine Channel) approximately 1 mile west from the project that flows south and connects to an excavated concrete flood control basin (Jarupa Basin) approximately 0.6 miles west; it does not intersect any project boundaries (USFWS 2022a). Additionally, there are no areas capable of supporting wetlands on the study area. According to the Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey, no hydric soils occur on the project. Therefore, the proposed project would have no impact to protected wetlands, and would not result in new or more severe impacts than would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. d) Would the project interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that because the SWIP SP is surrounded by urban development (paved roads, industrial, commercial and residential development) no migratory corridors exist within or near the SWIP SP area that would be affected by the development of the SWIP SP. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded impacts would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: No Impact / No Substantial Change from Previous Project. The entire study area is surrounded by development and no portions of the study area function as a migratory wildlife corridor or linkage that connect to larger habitat areas in the region, such as the Santa Ana River further south. Due to the limited size of the project and existing on-site, surrounding development, and lack of onsite natural vegetation communities, construction of the proposed project would not result in an impact to any wildlife corridors or habitat linkages (Appendix B-1). Therefore, the proposed project would have no impact on migratory wildlife corridors or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites, and would not result in new or more severe impacts than would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No mitigation measures are required. e) Would the project conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that implementation of the SWIP SP could involve the removal of heritage, significant, or specimen trees. However, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that all development within the SWIP SP would be subject to compliance with Chapter 28, Article III of the City’s Municipal Code, which establishes regulations for the protection and preservation of heritage trees, significant trees, and specimen trees on public and private property. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that mandatory compliance with Chapter 28, Article III of the City’s Municipal Code would ensure that impacts associated with tree removals would be less than significant. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 52 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The City’s Tree Preservation and Protection Ordinance (Chapter 28, Article III of the City’s Code of Ordinances) regulates the planting, maintenance, protection, and removal of trees and shrubs on public streets, parks, and other City-owned property. The Arborist Report prepared for the project (Appendix B-2) discusses existing trees on the project site and tree plantings required by the ordinance. The site’s historic windrow trees (25 trees) are primarily located within two windrows, while the remaining trees on site are scattered throughout the south end of the property (48 trees). The 73 trees consist of 12 heritage trees, 19 specimen trees, and 42 other (non-protected) trees. In total, 73 trees are located on or immediately adjacent to the project site, and all 73 would require removal to accommodate the proposed project. Of the 73 trees requiring removal, fourteen are recommended for removal based on health (dead). As such, only 59 trees require mitigation in accordance with the Fontana Code of Ordinances. The 73 trees are composed of 31 protected trees (12 heritage, 19 specimen) and 42 other trees. The City’s Code of Ordinances requires replacement of living protected trees at a replacement ratio dependent on overall condition and size. As further outlined in the Arborist Report, the City requires replacement trees for all eligible trees removed from the project site. To accomplish this, the project will be required to plant a combination of 24-inch box, and 36-inch box trees on site, in addition to shrubs, groundcover, and other landscape plantings. The fourteen trees recommended for removal based on health do not require mitigation, as stated in Section 28-65 of the Fontana Code of Ordinances. None of the impacted trees are considered candidates for relocation. Therefore, given that compliance with the City’s Tree Preservation and Protection Ordinance is required, impacts associated with local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. f) Would the project conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that buildout of the SWIP SP would not conflict with an adopted habitat conservation plan because there were no adopted/approved habitat conservation plans applicable to the SWIP SP area at the time that the SWIP SP PEIR was prepared. A recovery plan was released in 1997 for the Delhi Sands flower-loving fly that included the SWIP SP area; however, an assessment of the recovery of Delhi Sands flower-loving fly in 2008 indicated that much of the Jurupa Recovery Unit may no longer provide conservation value for Delhi Sands flower-loving fly. Regardless, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with the mitigation measures included in the EIR would reduce potential impacts to the Delhi Sands flower-loving fly to a level below significance. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 53 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: No Impact / No Substantial Change from Previous Project. The project does not occur within any proposed or existing Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) or Natural Community Conservation Plans (NCCP) for local or regional protection of species (Appendix B-1). Therefore, construction of the project would not result in an impact to any HCP’s or NCCPs, and would not result in new or more severe impacts than would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to biological resources to be implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum: MM-4.3-1a The City of Fontana Planning Division shall require that all future project applicants prepare a Biological Assessment prior to the issuance of grading permits. The Biological Assessment shall include a vegetation map of the project area, analysis of the impacts associated with plant and animal species and habitats, and conduct habitat evaluations for burrowing owl, Delhi Sands flower-loving fly, San Diego pocket mouse, western mastiff bat, western yellow bat, and San Diego desert woodrat. If any of these species are determined to be present, then coordination with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and/or California Department of Fish and Game shall be conducted to determine what, if any, permits or clearances are required prior to development. The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to biological resources to be implemented following project approval: MM-4.3-1b Any future land disturbance for site-specific developments within the project site shall be conducted outside of the State-identified bird nesting season (February 15 through September 1). If construction during the nesting season must occur, the site shall be evaluated by a City-approved biologist prior to ground disturbance to determine if nesting birds exist on-site. If any nests are discovered, the biologist shall delineate an appropriate buffer zone around the nest, depending on the species and type of construction activity. Only construction activities approved by the biologist shall take place within the buffer zone until the nest is vacated. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 54 MAY 2023 3.5 Cultural Resources New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis V. CULTURAL RESOURCES – Would the project: a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to §15064.5? b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to §15064.5? c) Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? a) Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to §15064.5? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR identified nine historical resources in the SWIP SP area, none of which were identified as significant historical resources under CEQA. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP area has low sensitivity for historical resources. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation measures that require future development projects within the SWIP SP area to perform a pre-construction historical resources survey (and implement a mitigation program if important resources are present) and to implement safeguards during grading activities to protect/preserve historical resources that may be uncovered (MM-4.4-1a and MM-4.4-1b). With application of the required mitigation measures, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts to historic resources would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site contains industrial businesses including several storage buildings and sheds and two single-family residential structures. The remainder of the site consists of gravel parking areas, various hardscape features, and paved driveways and parking areas. The project site and surrounding area was used for agricultural uses from approximately the 1930s to the 1980s. Residential structures were developed on the proposed Project site during that time, from the late 1960s through to the 1980s. Infrastructure related to vehicle storage such as paved and graveled areas and associated structures were developed in the 1990s. By the 1990s, the proposed Project site contained much of the structures present on site at the time of the survey (Appendix C). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 55 MAY 2023 As defined by the CEQA Guidelines (14 CCR 15000 et seq.), a historical resource is a resource that is listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or California Register of Historical Resources, has been identified as significant in a historical resource survey, or is listed on a local register of historical resources. The criteria for listing resources in the California Register of Historical Resources were developed to be in accordance with previously established criteria developed for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. For a building to be considered historic, it typically must be at least 50 years old so sufficient time has passed to determine whether the events or characteristics of the building will have a contribution to history (OHP 2015). As previously noted, the oldest of the existing structures on the project site (i.e., the residential structure that has been converted to an office at 10858 Almond Avenue) is up to 58 years old and, thus, is eligible to be considered a historic resource. The structure is a single-story stucco-clad residence that was commonly constructed throughout the 20th century and has undergone substantial structural changes over the decades, which significantly detracts from its eligibility for listing in the NRHP or CRHR. Further, the City General Plan Community and Neighborhoods Chapter, which included a map of historic resources within the City, did not identify any on-site buildings that would meet the above listed criteria (City of Fontana 2018b), and there is no evidence of historical associations with the project site. Consistent with MM-4.4- 1a from the SWIP SP PEIR, only if there is evidence that suggests the potential for historic resources on the project site are additional field surveys, research, and evaluation warranted. In this case, based on the aforementioned evidence, such subsequent assessment is not required. No other on-site structures are older than 50 years old. Notwithstanding, in the unlikely event that unanticipated historical resources or human resources are encountered before or during grading, the developer shall retain a qualified archaeologist to monitor construction activities and to take appropriate measures to protect or preserve them for study, consistent with MM-4.4-1b of the SWIP SP PEIR. Implementation of MM-4.4-1b would ensure that impacts associated with historical resources would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with historical resources would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to §15064.5? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that no archaeological resources or Native American sites exist within the SWIP SP area, and that the likelihood of encountering potentially significant prehistoric archaeological resources within the SWIP SP area is considered low. The City of Fontana consulted with the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians and the Morongo Band of Mission Indians as part of the SB 18 Native American tribal consultation process for the SWIP SP. The Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians identified the site as being located within the tribe’s Tribal Traditional Use Area. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation measures to minimize impacts related to Native American resources and previously undiscovered archaeological resources that could be encountered during ground-disturbing activities (MM-4.4-2a through MM-4.4-2c). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 56 MAY 2023 Following implementation of mitigation, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts to prehistoric archaeological resources. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Consistent with MM-4.4-2a, cultural resources background research and a records search were conducted (Appendix C). The records searches conducted at the South Central Coastal Information Center indicated that no previously recorded prehistoric or historic archaeological resources are located within or adjacent to the project site. Within 0.5 mile of the project site, there are 7 cultural resources investigations have been previously conducted. Of these, one is a historic period archaeological site located 762 meters (2500 ft) northeast of the proposed Project site and six are historic built environment resources, each found ineligible for listing on the CRHR, the closest of which is located 67 meters (220 ft) southwest of the proposed project site. Resource P-36-033111 is a historic built environmental resource located southwest of the project site. The single-family property was constructed in 1945 and has been altered since its original construction. According to the record for this resource, it has been deemed historically insignificant and ineligible for the National Register. A review of historical aerial photographs using Google Earth show that the structure was demolished prior to April 2020. Based on the results of the CHRIS records search, there are no previously recorded archaeological resources within the project site that will be impacted by the project. The project site is located in a highly developed and urbanized part of the City and is currently heavily disturbed by existing development. As such, there is little potential for the inadvertent discovery of subsurface archaeological or other cultural resources materials during earthwork activities. However, as with all other subsurface construction activity, there is always a chance—despite the developed condition of the project site—for inadvertent discovery of buried, unrecorded cultural resources within the site. Thus, MM-4.4-2b and MM-4.4-2c from the SWIP SP PEIR would be required to minimize impacts related to the inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources, tribal cultural, and other types of cultural resources. Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with archaeological resources would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. c) Would the project disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any cemeteries or archaeological sites that may contain human remains within the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with mandatory compliance with the California Health and Safety Code, Sections 7050.5–7055 and Section 5097.98 of the California Public Resources Code, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts with respect to disturbance of human remains. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Given the developed nature of the project area, earthwork activities associated with project construction are unlikely to uncover previously unknown archaeological resources. However, if human remains are uncovered during construction Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 57 MAY 2023 activity, the applicant and its construction contractors are required by law to stop work and contact the county coroner. California Health and Safety Code, Section No. 7050.5, requires that if human remains are discovered in any place other than a dedicated cemetery, no further disturbance or excavation of the site or nearby area reasonably suspected to contain human remains shall occur until the county coroner has examined the remains. If the county coroner determines or has reason to believe the remains are those of a Native American, they must contact the California Native American Heritage Commission within 24 hours, and the Native American Heritage Commission will notify the most likely descendant. The most likely descendant may recommend means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and items associated with Native Americans. As such, if Native American remains were uncovered during project construction, compliance with existing regulations would ensure that the appropriate authorities are notified and that discovered remains are treated with the appropriate respect and dignity. Therefore, impacts associated with disturbance of human remains would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to cultural resources to be implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum: MM-4.4-1a A qualified archaeologist shall perform the following tasks, prior to construction activities within project boundaries: ▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for historic resources, a field survey for historical resources within portions of the project site not previously surveyed for cultural resources shall be conducted. ▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for historic resources, the San Bernardino County Archives shall be contacted for information on historical property records. ▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for sacred land resources, the Native American Heritage Commission shall be contacted for information regarding sacred lands. ▪ All historical resources within the project site, including archaeological and historic resources older than 50 years, shall be inventoried using appropriate State record forms and guidelines followed according to the California Office of Historic Preservation’s handbook “Instructions for Recording Historical Resources.” The archaeologist shall then submit two (2) copies of the completed forms to the San Bernardino County Archaeological Information Center for the assignment of trinomials. ▪ The significance and integrity of all historical resources within the project site shall be evaluated, using criteria established in the CEQA Guidelines for important archaeological resources and/or 36 CFR 60.4 for eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. ▪ Mitigation measures shall be proposed and conditions of approval (if a local government action) recommended to eliminate adverse project effects on significant, Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 58 MAY 2023 important, and unique historical resources, following appropriate CEQA and/or National Historic Preservation Act’s Section 106 guidelines. ▪ A technical resources management report shall be prepared, documenting the inventory, evaluation, and proposed mitigation of resources within the project site, following guidelines for Archaeological Resource Management Reports prepared by the California Office of Historic Preservation, Preservation Planning Bulletin 4(a), December 1989. One copy of the completed report, with original illustrations, shall be submitted to the San Bernardino County Archaeological Information Center for permanent archiving. MM-4.4-2a A qualified archaeologist shall perform the following tasks, prior to construction activities within project boundaries: ▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for prehistoric resources, a field survey for prehistoric resources within portions of the project site not previously surveyed for cultural resources shall be conducted. ▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for sacred land resources, the Native American Heritage Commission shall be contacted for information regarding sacred lands. ▪ All prehistoric resources shall be inventoried using appropriate State record forms and two (2) copies of the completed forms shall be submitted to the San Bernardino County Archaeological Information Center. ▪ The significance and integrity of all prehistoric resources within the project site shall be evaluated using criteria established in the CEQA Guidelines for important archaeological resources. ▪ If human remains are encountered on the project site, the San Bernardino County Coroner’s Office shall be contacted within 24 hours of the find, and all work shall be halted until a clearance is given by that office and any other involved agencies. ▪ All resources and data collected within the project site shall be permanently curated at an appropriate repository within San Bernardino County. The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to cultural resources to be implemented following project approval: MM-4.4-1b If any historical resources and/or human resources are encountered before or during grading, the developer shall retain a qualified archaeologist to monitor construction activities and to take appropriate measures to protect or preserve them for study. MM-4.4-2b If any prehistoric archaeological resources are encountered before or during grading, the developer shall retain a qualified archaeologist to monitor construction activities and to take appropriate measures to protect or preserve them for study. With the assistance of the archaeologist, the City of Fontana shall: ▪ Enact interim measures to protect undesignated sites from demolition or significant modification without an opportunity for the City to establish its archaeological value. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 59 MAY 2023 ▪ Consider establishing provisions to require incorporation of archaeological sites within new developments, using their special qualities at a theme or focal point. ▪ Pursue educating the public about the area’s archaeological heritage. ▪ Propose mitigation measures and recommend conditions of approval (if a local government action) to eliminate adverse project effects on significant, important, and unique prehistoric resources, following appropriate CEQA guidelines. ▪ Prepare a technical resources management report, documenting the inventory, evaluation, and proposed mitigation of resources within the project area. Submit one copy of the completed report, with original illustrations, to the San Bernardino County Archaeological Information Center for permanent archiving. MM-4.4-2c Where consistent with applicable local, State and federal law and deemed appropriate by the City, future site-specific development projects shall consider the following requests by the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians and Morongo Band of Mission Indians: In the event Native American cultural resources are discovered during construction for future development, all work in the immediate vicinity of the find shall cease and a qualified archaeologist meeting Secretary of Interior standards shall be hired to assess the find. Work on the overall project may continue during this period; ▪ Initiate consultation between the appropriate Native American tribal entity (as determined by a qualified archaeologist meeting Secretary of Interior standards) and the City/project applicant; ▪ Transfer cultural resources investigations to the appropriate Native American entity (as determined by a qualified archaeologist meeting Secretary of Interior standards) as soon as possible; ▪ Utilize a Native American Monitor from the appropriate Native American entity (as determined by a qualified archaeologist meeting Secretary of Interior standards) where deemed appropriate or required by the City, during initial ground disturbing activities, cultural resource surveys, and/or cultural resource excavations. 3.6 Energy New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis VI. Energy – Would the project: a) Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 60 MAY 2023 New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? a) Would the project result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? SWIP SP PIER Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP, including construction and operation, would not result in wasteful or unjustifiable consumption of energy resources. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address this question, the SWIP SP PEIR found that implementation of the SWIP SP would not significantly increase the demand for electricity and natural gas supply above existing conditions upon incorporation of recommended mitigation measures. The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that all future development within the SWIP SP area would be required to comply with the most current Title 24 of the California Code of Regulation (of which Part 6 establishes the state’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards), development standards and design requirements related to sustainability and energy conservation contained in the City’s Municipal Code, and current and future state legislation, executive orders, and regulatory guidance to maximize energy efficiency. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR found that as time elapsed, newer and more efficient technologies would likely emerge and be incorporated into future development to reduce energy consumption. The SWIP SP PEIR also included MM- 4.2-5a (included in (b) below), which requires future development to incorporate design features that would minimize the consumption of energy. All of the above would apply to both construction and operation the project. Further, the SWIP SP PEIR includes MM-4.8-6a, which requires that the City provide growth projections to utility companies periodically as the basis for their projection of facility and service needs to support community development. Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation measures, impacts associated with wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources would be less than significant, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? SWIP SP PIER Finding: Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address this question, the SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that all future development within the SWIP SP area would be required to comply with Title 24 of the California Code of Regulation (of which Part 6 establishes the state’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards), development standards and design requirements related to sustainability and energy conservation contained in the City of Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 61 MAY 2023 Fontana Municipal Code, and current and future state legislation, executive orders, and regulatory guidance to maximize energy efficiency. Furthermore, the SWIP SP PEIR also acknowledged that it was probable that new technologies would emerge and be incorporated into future development to reduce energy consumption. Lastly, the SWIP SP PEIR included a mitigation measure (MM-4.2-5a) that would require future development to incorporate design features that would minimize the consumption of energy. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact /No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Part 6 of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations was established in 1978 and serves to enhance and regulate California’s building standards. Part 6 establishes energy efficiency standards for residential and nonresidential buildings constructed in California to reduce energy demand and consumption. Part 6 is updated periodically (every 3 years) to incorporate and consider new energy efficiency technologies and methodologies. Title 24 also includes Part 11, CALGreen. CALGreen institutes mandatory minimum environmental performance standards for all ground-up, new construction buildings. As applicable, the project would meet Title 24 and CALGreen standards to reduce energy demand and increase energy efficiency. Furthermore, as discussed in Section 3.3, the project would also be required to comply with Ordinance No. 1891, which includes additional requirements for all warehouse projects within the City, pertaining to buffering and screening specifications, signage and traffic patterns, alternative energy, and construction and operation. Therefore, the project would not conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency and no new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to energy: MM-4.2-5a Prior to the issuance of building permits, future development projects shall demonstrate the incorporation of project design features that achieve a minimum of 28.5 percent reduction in GHG emissions from non-mobile sources as compared to business as usual conditions. With regard to expansions/modifications of existing facilities, this mitigation measure shall be applied to the resulting incremental net increase in enclosed floor area. Future project shall include but not be limited to, the following list of potential design features (which include measures for reducing GHG emissions related to Transportation and Motor Vehicles). Energy Efficiency ▪ Design buildings to be energy efficient and exceed Title 24 requirements by at least 5 percent. ▪ Install efficient lighting and lighting control systems. Site and design building to take advantage of daylight. ▪ Use trees, landscaping and sunscreens on west and south exterior building walls to reduce energy use. ▪ Install light-colored “cool” roofs and cool pavements. ▪ Provide information on energy management services for large energy users. ▪ Install energy efficient heating and cooling systems, appliances and equipment, and control systems (e.g., minimum of Energy Star rated equipment). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 62 MAY 2023 ▪ Implement design features to increase the efficiency of the building envelope (i.e., the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned spaces). ▪ Install light emitting diodes (LEDs) for traffic, street, and other outdoor lighting. ▪ Limit the hours of operation of outdoor lighting. Renewable Energy ▪ Ensure buildings are designed to have “solar ready” roofs. ▪ Use combined heat and power in appropriate applications. Water Conservation and Efficiency ▪ Create water-efficient landscapes with a preference for a xeriscape landscape palette. ▪ Install water-efficient irrigation systems and devices, such as soil moisture-based irrigation controls. ▪ Design buildings to be water-efficient. Install water-efficient fixtures and appliances (e.g., EPA WaterSense labeled products). ▪ Restrict watering methods (e.g., prohibit systems that apply water to non-vegetated surfaces) and control runoff. ▪ Restrict the use of water for cleaning outdoor surfaces and vehicles. ▪ Implement low-impact development practices that maintain the existing hydrologic character of the site to manage storm water and protect the environment. (Retaining storm water runoff on-site can drastically reduce the need for energy-intensive imported water at the site). ▪ Devise a comprehensive water conservation strategy appropriate for the project and location. The strategy may include many of the specific items listed above, plus other innovative measures that are appropriate to the specific project. ▪ Provide education about water conservation and available programs and incentives. Solid Waste Measures ▪ Reuse and recycle construction and demolition waste (including, but not limited to, soil, vegetation, concrete, lumber, metal, and cardboard). ▪ Provide interior and exterior storage areas for recyclables and green waste and adequate recycling containers located in public areas. ▪ Provide education and publicity about reducing waste and available recycling services. Transportation and Motor Vehicles ▪ Limit idling time for commercial vehicles, including delivery and construction vehicles. ▪ Promote ride sharing programs (e.g., by designating a certain percentage of parking spaces for ride-sharing vehicles, designating adequate passenger loading and unloading and waiting areas for ride-sharing vehicles, and providing a web site or message board for coordinating rides). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 63 MAY 2023 ▪ Create local “light vehicle” networks, such as neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV) systems. ▪ Provide the necessary facilities and infrastructure to encourage the use of low or zero-emission vehicles (e.g., electric vehicle charging facilities and conveniently located alternative fueling stations). ▪ Promote “least polluting” ways to connect people and goods to their destinations. ▪ Incorporate bicycle lanes and routes into street systems, new subdivisions, and large developments. ▪ Incorporate bicycle-friendly intersections into street design. ▪ For commercial projects, provide adequate bicycle parking near building entrances to promote cyclist safety, security, and convenience. For large employers, provide facilities that encourage bicycle commuting (e.g., locked bicycle storage or covered or indoor bicycle parking). ▪ Create bicycle lanes and walking paths directed to the location of schools, parks and other destination points. 3.7 Geology and Soils New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis VII. GEOLOGY AND SOILS – Would the project: a) Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. ii) Strong seismic ground shaking? iii) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? iv) Landslides? b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 64 MAY 2023 New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis d) Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property? e) Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water? f) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? a) Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that there are no Alquist-Priolo earthquake faults located within the SWIP SP area. The nearest fault to the SWIP SP area is the Cucamonga Fault, which traverses through the northern portion of the City of Fontana approximately 7.0 miles north of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that because no known earthquake faults are known to exist beneath the SWIP SP area, impacts related to fault rupture would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The Alquist- Priolo Zones Special Studies Act defines active faults as those that have experienced surface displacement or movement during the last 11,000 years. The nearest Alquist-Priolo Zone is the Devore and Cucamonga fault traces, located in the northern portion of the City, approximately 7 miles from the project site. According to the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, although several earthquake faults exist within and in proximity to the City, no faults exist beneath the project site (City of Fontana 2017). Additionally, based on a review of the California Department of Conservation regulatory maps (CDOC 2016b), the project site is not located in a designated earthquake fault zone. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 65 MAY 2023 Therefore, impacts associated with fault rupture would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. ii) Strong seismic ground shaking? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that development within the SWIP SP area could be exposed to strong seismic ground shaking due to the numerous active faults located in the Southern California region. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future development’s adherence to standard engineering practices and design criteria relative to seismic and geologic hazards in accordance with the California Building Code would reduce the significance of impacts related to seismic ground shaking to a level below significance. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Similar to other areas located in the seismically active Southern California region, the City is susceptible to strong ground shaking during an earthquake. However, the project site is not located within an active fault zone, and the site would not be affected by ground shaking more than any other area in this seismic region. Additionally, the project would be designed in accordance with all applicable provisions established in the incumbent version of the California Building Code, which sets forth specific engineering requirements to ensure structural integrity during a seismic event (CBC 2019). Compliance with these requirements would reduce the potential risk to both people and structures with respect to strong seismic ground shaking. Therefore, impacts associated with strong seismic ground shaking would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. iii) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that although the potential exists for liquefaction to occur within the SWIP SP area, future development within the SWIP SP would be subject to site-specific geotechnical investigations and would comply with existing California Building Standards Code standards to minimize any potential ground failure or liquefaction hazards. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would not expose people or structures to potential impacts related to seismic ground failure or liquefaction. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Liquefaction occurs when partially saturated soil loses its effective stress and enters a liquid state, which can result in the soil’s inability to support structures above. Liquefaction can be induced by ground- Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 66 MAY 2023 shaking events and is dependent on soil saturation conditions. According to the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, the project site is located in an area of low liquefaction susceptibility (City of Fontana 2017). As such, the project would not be substantially affected by liquefaction. Therefore, impacts associated with liquefaction would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. iv) Landslides? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the risk of landslides in the SWIP SP area is low due to the relatively flat topography of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact would occur with regard to landslides. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Based upon a review of the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, the project site is not located in an area identified as susceptible to slope instability (City of Fontana 2017). The project site consists of flat parcels within a developed industrial area and is not located adjacent to any potentially unstable topographical feature such as a hillside or riverbank. Therefore, impacts associated with landslides would not occur and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with all requirements set forth in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for construction activities (e.g., implementation of best management practices [BMPs] through preparation of a stormwater pollution prevention plan [SWPPP]) would preclude potential soil erosion impacts. Analysis of Project: Short-Term Construction Impacts Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Ground surfaces that will be temporarily exposed during construction could result in erosion or loss of soil during storm events. Construction projects that involve the disturbance of 1 or more acres of soil, including clearing, grading, and disturbances to the ground such as stockpiling or excavation, are required to obtain coverage under the State Water Resources Control Board General Permit for Discharges of Stormwater Associated with Construction Activity (Construction General Permit). The Construction General Permit requires the development and implementation of a SWPPP (SWRCB 2022). The SWPPP must contain site maps that depict the location of BMPs, such as silt fencing, sandbag berms, and general good housekeeping methods, Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 67 MAY 2023 intended to prevent the off-site discharge of soil or construction materials in stormwater. Implementation of a Construction General Permit, including preparation of a SWPPP and installation of BMPs, would reduce the potential for both stormwater runoff and soil erosion impacts. Therefore, short-term construction impacts associated with soil erosion or the loss of topsoil would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Long-Term Operational Impacts Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Following construction of the project, ground surfaces would be covered by the proposed warehouse building or otherwise stabilized with landscaping and paving. The stormwater generated on site, along with any sediments contained within the stormwater, would be directed into the on-site engineered stormwater system and treated prior to discharge into the municipal storm drain system. Therefore, long-term operational impacts associated with soil erosion or loss of topsoil would be less than significant and no new or more severe long- impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. c) Would the project be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP area is not located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and concluded that potential impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan lists the types of geologic hazards known to occur in the City as slope instability leading to possible mudflow, liquefaction, and collapsible or expansive soils. Based on a review of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, the project site is not located in an area identified as susceptible to slope instability and liquefaction risk is considered low (City of Fontana 2017). The project site is flat and is not located adjacent to any potentially unstable topographical feature, such as a hillside or riverbank. According to the Geotechnical Investigation (Appendix D) prepared for the project site, soils at the site are very low in expansion potential. Additionally, the majority of the project site is mapped as Tujunga loamy sand (USDA 2022), which is not made up of clay materials typically associated with expansive soils. Therefore, impacts associated with unstable geologic units/soils and expansive soils would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 68 MAY 2023 d) Would the project be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that soils in portions of the SWIP SP area are susceptible to expansion. However, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that because future development within the SWIP SP area would be subject to site-specific geotechnical investigations and would be required to comply with California Building Standards Code standards addressing expansive soil hazards, impacts associated with expansive soils would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.7(c). e) Would the project have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any significant adverse effects related to septic systems, because the SWIP SP would be served by sewer facilities and therefore not entail the installation of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would connect directly to the municipal sanitary sewer system and would not require septic tanks or any other alternative wastewater disposal system. Therefore, impacts associated with adequacy of soils and septic systems would not occur and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. f) Would the project directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the southern portion of the SWIP SP area is underlain by Pleistocene older fan deposits, which have a high potential to contain important fossil resources. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.4-3a and MM-4.4-3b, which require future development projects within the SWIP SP to analyze potential impacts to paleontological resources on a site-specific basis prior to construction and, then, implement any recommended mitigation program (if required). The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with implementation of mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts to paleontological resources. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 69 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The SWIP SP PEIR found that while the City is situated primarily upon surface exposures of Quaternary younger fan deposits of Holocene age having low paleontological sensitivity, well-dissected Pleistocene older fan deposits are also mapped within the City. These deposits have a high potential to contain fossil resources. In addition, a paleontological resource has been discovered south of the project site, within the western Jurupa Hills in the vicinity of Live Oaks. The southern portions of the SWIP SP area, including the project site, may be underlain with older Pleistocene fan deposits and may have moderate potential to produce Pleistocene vertebrate fossils. Thus, excavations that extend into the Pleistocene Alluvium have a potential of containing substantial fossil vertebrate specimens, and future development within the SWIP SP boundaries could directly or indirectly impact a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature. Given the project site’s location within the southern, more paleontologically sensitive part of the SWIP SP area, a paleontological resources mitigation program will be prepared by a qualified paleontologist prior to issuance of a grading permit to address the treatment of any unearthed paleontological resources, consistent with MM-4.4-3a and MM- 4.4-3b from the SWIP SP PEIR. Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with paleontological resources would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to geology and soils (paleontological resources): MM-4.4-3a A qualified paleontologist shall conduct a pre-construction field survey of any project site within the Specific Plan Update area that is underlain by older alluvium. The paleontologist shall submit a report of findings that provides specific recommendations regarding further mitigation measures (i.e., paleontological monitoring) that may be appropriate. MM-4.4-3b Should mitigation monitoring be recommended for a specific project within the project site, the program shall include, but not be limited to, the following measures: ▪ Assign a paleontological monitor, trained and equipped to allow the rapid removal of fossils with minimal construction delay, to the site full-time during the interval of earth- disturbing activities. ▪ Should fossils be found within an area being cleared or graded, earth-disturbing activities shall be diverted elsewhere until the monitor has completed salvage. If construction personnel make the discovery, the grading contractor shall immediately divert construction and notify the monitor of the find. ▪ All recovered fossils shall be prepared, identified, and curated for documentation in the summary report and transferred to an appropriate depository (i.e., San Bernardino County Museum). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 70 MAY 2023 ▪ A summary report shall be submitted to City of Fontana. Collected specimens shall be transferred with copy of report to San Bernardino County Museum. 3.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis VIII. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS – Would the project: a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? a) Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would result in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions equal to 1,147,515.21 metric tons (MT) of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per year absent project design features and mitigation. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation (MM-4.2-5a) that would require the individual development projects within the SWIP SP area to incorporate sustainable practices related to water usage, energy usage, solid waste generation, and transportation. The SWIP SP PEIR determined that implementation of the reduction measures required by MM-4.2-5a would reduce GHG emission from buildout of the SWIP SP to 774,572.77 MT CO2e per year (an approximate 32.5% reduction relative to the unmitigated emissions). The SWIP SP PEIR determined that because MM-4.2-5 would result in GHG reductions that would exceed the mandate of Assembly Bill (AB) 32, implementation of the SWIP SP would not generate GHG emissions that have a significant impact on the environment and that the SWIP SP would be consistent with applicable plans and policies related GHG emissions reductions. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Climate change refers to any significant change in measures of climate (e.g., temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns) lasting for an extended period of time (i.e., decades or longer). The Earth’s temperature depends on the balance between energy entering and leaving the planet’s system, and many factors (natural and human) can cause changes in Earth’s energy balance. The greenhouse effect is the trapping and buildup of heat in the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface (the troposphere). The greenhouse effect is a natural process that contributes to regulating the Earth’s temperature, and it creates a livable environment on Earth. Human Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 71 MAY 2023 activities that emit additional GHGs to the atmosphere increase the amount of infrared radiation that gets absorbed before escaping into space, thus enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing the Earth’s surface temperature to rise. Global climate change is a cumulative impact; a project contributes to this impact through its incremental contribution combined with the cumulative increase of all other sources of GHGs. Thus, GHG impacts are recognized exclusively as cumulative impacts (CAPCOA 2008). A GHG is any gas that absorbs infrared radiation in the atmosphere; in other words, GHGs trap heat in the atmosphere. As defined in California Health and Safety Code Section 38505(g) for purposes of administering many of the state’s primary GHG emissions reduction programs, GHGs include CO2, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride (see also CEQA Guidelines section 15364.5).6 The three GHGs evaluated herein are CO2, CH4, and N2O because these gases would be emitted during proposed project construction and operation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change developed the global warming potential (GWP) concept to compare the ability of each GHG to trap heat in the atmosphere relative to another gas. The reference gas used is CO2; therefore, GWP-weighted emissions are measured in metric tons (MT) of CO2 equivalent (CO2e). Consistent with CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0, this GHG emissions analysis assumed the GWP for CH4 is 25 (i.e., emissions of 1 MT of CH4 are equivalent to emissions of 25 MT of CO2), and the GWP for N2O is 298, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC 2007). As discussed in Section 3.3, Air Quality, the proposed project is located within the jurisdictional boundaries of the SCAQMD. In October 2008, the SCAQMD proposed recommended numeric CEQA significance thresholds for GHG emissions for lead agencies to use in assessing GHG impacts of residential and commercial development projects as presented in its Draft Guidance Document – Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Threshold (SCAQMD 2008b). This guidance document, which builds on the previous guidance prepared by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association, explored various approaches for establishing a significance threshold for GHG emissions. The draft interim CEQA thresholds guidance document was not adopted or approved by the Governing Board. However, in December 2008, the SCAQMD adopted an interim 10,000 MT CO2e per-year screening level threshold for stationary source/industrial projects for which the SCAQMD is the lead agency (see SCAQMD Resolution No. 08-35, December 5, 2008). The 10,000 MT CO2e per-year threshold, which was derived from GHG reduction targets established in Executive Order S-3-05, was based on the conclusion that the threshold was consistent with achieving an emissions capture rate of 90% of all new or modified stationary source projects. The SCAQMD formed a GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Working Group to work with SCAQMD staff on developing GHG CEQA significance thresholds until statewide significance thresholds or guidelines are established. From December 2008 to September 2010, the SCAQMD hosted working group meetings and revised the draft threshold proposal several times, although it did not officially provide these proposals in a subsequent document. The SCAQMD has continued to consider adoption of significance thresholds for residential and general land-use development projects. The most recent proposal issued by SCAQMD, issued in September 2010, uses the following tiered approach to evaluate potential GHG impacts from various uses (SCAQMD 2010): 6 Climate-forcing substances include greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other substances such as black carbon and aerosols. This discussion focuses on the seven GHGs identified in the California Health and Safety Code Section 38505; impacts associated with other climate-forcing substances are not evaluated herein. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 72 MAY 2023 Tier 1 Determine if CEQA categorical exemptions are applicable. If not, move to Tier 2. Tier 2 Consider whether or not the proposed project is consistent with a locally adopted GHG reduction plan that has gone through public hearing and CEQA review, that has an approved inventory, includes monitoring, etc. If not, move to Tier 3. Tier 3 Consider whether the project generates GHG emissions in excess of screening thresholds for individual land uses. The 10,000 MT CO2e per-year threshold for industrial uses would be recommended for use by all lead agencies. Under option 1, separate screening thresholds are proposed for residential projects (3,500 MT CO2e per year), commercial projects (1,400 MT CO2e per year), and mixed-use projects (3,000 MT CO2e per year). Under option 2, a single numerical screening threshold of 3,000 MT CO2e per year would be used for all non-industrial projects. If the project generates emissions in excess of the applicable screening threshold, move to Tier 4. Tier 4 Consider whether the project generates GHG emissions in excess of applicable performance standards for the project service population (population plus employment). The efficiency targets were established based on the goal of AB 32 to reduce statewide GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. The 2020 efficiency targets are 4.8 MT CO2e per- service population for project-level analyses and 6.6 MT CO2e per-service population for plan-level analyses. If the project generates emissions in excess of the applicable efficiency targets, move to Tier 5. Tier 5 Consider the implementation of CEQA mitigation (including the purchase of GHG offsets) to reduce the project efficiency target to Tier 4 levels. To determine the proposed project’s potential to generate GHG emissions that would have a significant impact on the environment, its GHG emissions were compared to the quantitative threshold of 3,000 MT CO2e per year. Construction GHG Emissions Construction of the project would result in GHG emissions, which are primarily associated with use of off- road construction equipment, on-road haul and vendor trucks, and worker vehicles. The SCAQMD Draft Guidance Document – Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Threshold (2008b) recommends that “construction emissions be amortized over a 30-year project lifetime, so that GHG reduction measures will address construction GHG emissions as part of the operational GHG reduction strategies.” Thus, the total construction GHG emissions were calculated, amortized over 30 years, and added to the total operational emissions for comparison with the GHG significance threshold of 3,000 MT CO2e per year. The determination of significance, therefore, is addressed in the operational emissions discussion following the estimated construction emissions. CalEEMod was used to calculate the annual GHG emissions based on the construction scenario described in Section 3.3. Construction of the project is anticipated to commence in April 2023, lasting a total of 14 months and reaching completion in June 2024. On-site sources of GHG emissions include off-road Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 73 MAY 2023 equipment and off-site sources include haul trucks, vendor trucks, and worker vehicles. Table 3.8-1 presents construction GHG emissions for the project from on-site and off-site emission sources. Table 3.8-1. Estimated Annual Construction GHG Emissions Year CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Metric Tons per Year 2023 447.99 0.07 0.02 456.14 2024 201.48 0.03 0.01 204.16 Total 660.30 Amortized Emissions (over 30 years) 22.01 Notes: CO2 = carbon dioxide; CH4 = methane; N2O = nitrous oxide; CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent. See Appendix A for complete results. As shown in Table 3.8-1, the estimated total GHG emissions during construction would be approximately 660 MT CO2e. Estimated project-generated construction emissions amortized over 30 years would be approximately 22 MT CO2e per year. As with project-generated construction air quality pollutant emissions, GHG emissions generated during construction of the project would be short-term in nature, lasting only for the duration of the construction period, and would not represent a long-term source of GHG emissions. Because there is no separate GHG threshold for construction, the evaluation of significance is discussed in the operational emissions analysis in the following text. Operational GHG Emissions CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0 was used to estimate potential project-generated operational GHG emissions from area sources (landscape maintenance), natural gas combustion, electrical generation, water supply and wastewater treatment, solid waste, and off-road equipment (electric forklifts). As with the air quality analysis, mobile source GHG emissions were estimated using CalEEMod 2020. Emissions from each category—area sources, energy sources, mobile sources, solid waste, water supply and wastewater treatment, and off-road equipment—is discussed in the following text with respect to the project. For additional details, see Section 3.3 for a discussion of operational emission calculation methodology and assumptions, specifically for area, energy (natural gas), and mobile sources. Area Sources CalEEMod was used to estimate GHG emissions from the project’s area sources, which include operation of gasoline-powered landscape maintenance equipment, which produce minimal GHG emissions. It was assumed that 100% of the landscaping equipment would be gasoline powered. Consumer product use and architectural coatings result in VOC emissions, which are analyzed in air quality analysis only, and low-to- no GHG emissions. Energy Sources The estimation of operational energy emissions was based on CalEEMod land use defaults and units or total area (i.e., square footage) of the project’s land uses. For non-residential buildings, CalEEMod energy intensity value (electricity or natural gas usage per square foot per year) assumptions were based on the California Commercial End-Use Survey database. Emissions are calculated by multiplying the energy use by the utility carbon intensity (pounds of GHGs per kilowatt-hour for electricity or 1,000 British thermal units Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 74 MAY 2023 for natural gas) for CO2 and other GHGs. Annual natural gas (non-hearth) and electricity emissions were estimated in CalEEMod using the emissions factors for SCE, which would be the energy source provider for the project. CalEEMod default energy intensity factors (CO2, CH4, and N2O mass emissions per kilowatt- hour) for SCE is based on the value for SCE’s energy mix. Senate Bill X1 2 established a target of 33% from renewable energy sources for all electricity providers in California by 2020 and SB 350 calls for further development of renewable energy, with a target of 50% by 2030. Mobile Sources All details for criteria air pollutants discussed in Section 3.3 are also applicable for the estimation of operational mobile source GHG emissions. It was assumed that the warehouse would operate 7 days per week; therefore, 365 days of vehicle emissions were assumed. Regulatory measures related to mobile sources include AB 1493 (Pavley) and related federal standards. AB 1493 required that CARB establish GHG emission standards for automobiles, light-duty trucks, and other vehicles determined by CARB to be vehicles that are primarily used for noncommercial personal transportation in the state. In addition, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and EPA have established corporate fuel economy standards and GHG emission standards, respectively, for automobiles and light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles. Implementation of these standards and fleet turnover (replacement of older vehicles with newer ones) will gradually reduce emissions from the project’s motor vehicles. Solid Waste The project would generate solid waste, and therefore, result in CO2e emissions associated with landfill off- gassing. CalEEMod default values for solid waste generation were used to estimate GHG emissions associated with solid waste. Water and Wastewater Supply, conveyance, treatment, and distribution of water for the project require the use of electricity, which would result in associated indirect GHG emissions. Similarly, wastewater generated by the proposed project requires the use of electricity for conveyance and treatment, along with GHG emissions generated during wastewater treatment. Water consumption estimates for both indoor and outdoor water use and associated electricity consumption from water use and wastewater generation were estimated using CalEEMod default values. Off-Road Equipment Electric forklifts and yard trucks are expected to operate on the project site. Forklifts The SCAQMD published a warehouse truck trip study white paper summary of business survey results (SCAQMD Survey), which summarizes various operational results from 34 operating warehouses (SCAQMD 2014). The SCAQMD Survey reported an average of 0.12 forklifts/pallet jacks per 1,000 square feet of building area, which was applied to the proposed Project. Note that this estimate is for total forklifts and pallet jacks while pallet jacks are small as they are primarily used to lift small loads in tight quarters (and are electric or manual); therefore, assuming all pieces of equipment are forklifts is conservative. The warehouse factor of 0.12 forklifts/pallet jacks per 1,000 square feet of building area was applied for the Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 75 MAY 2023 Project, resulting in a total of 18 forklifts. All forklifts were modeled in CalEEMod as electric forklifts that would operate at 8 hours per day, 365 days per year. Yard Trucks Industrial warehouse building operation may require cargo handling equipment to move empty containers and empty chassis to and from the various pieces of cargo handling equipment that receive and distribute containers, which is commonly done by yard trucks. Yard trucks, which are also called yard goats, utility tractors, hustlers, yard hostlers, and yard tractors, were reported at the majority of the 34 high cube warehouses in the SCAQMD Survey with an average usage of 3.6 hostlers per million square feet of building area. The 3.6 hostlers per million square feet of building area was applied to the Proposed Project – both warehouse and manufacturing land uses – with the Project totaling one yard truck. Emissions from the yard truck was estimated in CalEEMod assuming an electric yard truck would operate for 8 hours per day, 260 days per year. The estimated operational (year 2024) project-generated GHG emissions from area sources, energy usage, motor vehicles, solid waste generation, water usage and wastewater generation, and off-road equipment are shown in Table 3.8-2. As in Section 3.3, the operational emissions results show the net difference between the existing land uses (two single family residences and a number of small industrial sheds and buildings) and the project land uses. The trip rates for the existing land uses were based on traffic driveway counts detailed in Section 3.17. Table 3.8-2. Estimated Annual Operational GHG Emissions Emission Source CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e metric tons per year Existing Land Use Area 0.66 <0.01 <0.01 0.68 Energy 58.38 <0.01 <0.01 58.69 Mobile 2,101.54 0.06 0.26 2,180.36 Water supply 7.56 0.45 0.00 18.72 Water 17.53 0.22 0.01 24.51 Existing Total 2,282.96 Project Land Use Area 0.01 <0.01 0.00 0.01 Energy 87.62 0.01 <0.01 88.08 Mobile 1,606.75 0.05 0.19 1,665.75 Off-road equipment 41.62 <0.01 <0.01 41.84 Water supply 30.19 1.78 0.00 74.79 Water 97.82 1.20 0.03 136.44 Project Total 2,006.91 Net Total -276.05 Amortized Construction Emissions 22.01 Operation + Amortized Construction Total -254.04 Notes: CO2 = carbon dioxide; CH4 = methane; N2O = nitrous oxide; CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent See Appendix A for detailed results. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 76 MAY 2023 As shown in Table 3.8-2, estimated net annual GHG emissions would be an approximate reduction of 276 MT CO2e per year as a result of the difference between existing land use operation and project operation. Estimated annual net operational emissions combined with the amortized project construction emissions of approximately 22 MT CO2e per year equate to a reduction of approximately 254 MT CO2e per year. Annual operational GHG emissions with amortized construction emissions would not exceed the SCAQMD recommended threshold of 3,000 MT CO2e per year. Therefore, no new or more severe long-term operational impacts associated with the generation of GHG emissions would occur, and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project generate conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would result in GHG emissions equal to 1,147,515.21 MT CO2e per year absent project design features and mitigation. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation (MM-4.2-5a) that would require the individual development projects within the SWIP SP area to incorporate sustainable practices related to water usage, energy usage, solid waste generation, and transportation. The SWIP SP PEIR determined that implementation of the reduction measures required by MM-4.2-5a would reduce GHG emission from buildout of the SWIP SP to 774,572.77 MT CO2e per year (an approximate 32.5% reduction relative to the unmitigated emissions). The SWIP SP PEIR determined that because MM-4.2-5 would result in GHG reductions that would exceed the mandate of AB 32, implementation of the SWIP SP would not generate GHG emissions that have a significant impact on the environment and that the SWIP SP would be consistent with applicable plans and policies related GHG emissions reductions. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Consistency with the Attorney General Recommendations The project would not prevent the SWIP Specific Plan from achieving the Attorney General’s recommendations and would achieve a minimum of 28.5% reduction in GHG emissions from business-as-usual conditions with implementation of the mitigation measures as identified in the SWIP EIR. The proposed project would not conflict with the Attorney General’s recommended measures that are identified in the SWIP EIR including measures for energy efficiency, renewable energy, water conservation and efficiency, solid waste, land uses, and transportation and motor vehicles. Table 3.8-3 presents an evaluation of how the proposed project would comply with the Attorney General’s 2008 recommended measures. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 77 MAY 2023 Table 3.8-3. Compliance with Attorney General’s Recommendation Measures Attorney General’s Recommended Measures Compliance with Attorney General’s Recommendations Efficiency Design buildings to be energy efficient. Site buildings to take advantage of shade, prevailing winds, landscaping and sun screens to reduce energy use. The project is consistent with and does not conflict with the goals and objectives of these measures. The proposed project would comply with the current Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency code requirements. Install light colored “cool” roofs, cool pavements, and strategically placed shade trees. Install efficient lighting and lighting control systems. Use daylight as an integral part of lighting systems in buildings. Limit the hours of operation of outdoor lighting. Renewable Energy Install solar and wind power systems, solar and tankless hot water heaters, and energy-efficient heating ventilation and air conditioning. Educate consumers about existing incentives. The project would not conflict with this measure. As required by the current Title 24 building standards, the project would be required to satisfy the mandatory requirements for being solar ready. Water Conservation and Efficiency Create water-efficient landscapes. The project does not conflict with these measures or prohibit the SWIP Specific Plan from implementation of these measures. Install water-efficient irrigation systems and devices, such as soil moisture-based irrigation controls. Devise a comprehensive water conservation strategy appropriate for the project and location. The strategy may include many of the specific items listed above, plus other innovative measures that are appropriate to the specific project. Use reclaimed water for landscape irrigation in new developments. Install the infrastructure to deliver and use reclaimed water. Restrict watering methods (e.g., prohibit systems that apply water to non-vegetated surfaces) and control runoff. Implement low-impact development practices that maintain the existing hydrologic character of the site to manage storm water and protect the environment. (Retaining storm water runoff on- site can drastically reduce the need for energy- intensive imported water at the site.) Solid Waste Measures Provide interior and exterior storage areas for recyclables and green waste and adequate recycling containers located in public areas. The project does not conflict with this measure. The proposed project would provide the requisite waste bins as required by the City’s municipal code. Provide education and publicity about reducing waste and available recycling services. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 78 MAY 2023 Table 3.8-3. Compliance with Attorney General’s Recommendation Measures Attorney General’s Recommended Measures Compliance with Attorney General’s Recommendations Land Use Measures Include mixed-use, infill, and higher density in development projects to support the reduction of vehicle trips, promote alternatives to individual vehicle travel, and promote efficient delivery of services and goods. The project does not conflict with these measures or prohibit the SWIP Specific Plan from implementation of these measures. Preserve and create open space and parks. Preserve existing trees, and plant replacement trees at a set ratio. Include pedestrian and bicycle-only streets and plazas within developments. Create travel routes that ensure that destinations may be reached conveniently by public transportation, bicycling or walking. Transportation and Motor Vehicles Limit idling time for commercial vehicles, including delivery and construction vehicles. The project does not conflict with this measure. Additionally, the project would be required to limit idle times pursuant to Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, Section 2485. Promote “least polluting” ways to connect people and goods to their destinations. The project does not conflict with this measure or prohibit the SWIP Specific Plan from implementation of this measure. Create bicycle lanes and walking paths directed to the location of schools, parks and other destination points. For commercial projects, provide adequate bicycle parking near building entrances to promote cyclist safety, security, and convenience. For large employers, provide facilities that encourage bicycle commuting, including, e.g., locked bicycle storage or covered or indoor bicycle parking. Source: Attorney General 2008. Note: SWIP = Southwest Industrial Park. Project Consistency with State Reduction Targets and CARB’s Scoping Plan The California State Legislature passed the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Assembly Bill 32 [AB 32]) to provide initial direction to limit California’s GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and initiate the state’s long-range climate objectives. Since the passage of AB 32, the State has adopted GHG emissions reduction targets for future years beyond the initial 2020 horizon year. For the proposed project, the relevant GHG emissions reduction targets include those established by Senate Bill 32 (SB 32) and AB 1279, which require GHG emissions be reduced to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, and 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045, respectively. In addition, AB 1279 requires the state achieve net zero GHG emissions by no later than 2045 and achieve and maintain net negative GHG emissions thereafter. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 79 MAY 2023 As defined by AB 32, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) is required to develop The Scoping Plan, which provides the framework for actions to achieve the State’s GHG emission targets. The Scoping Plan is required to be updated every five years and requires CARB and other state agencies to adopt regulations and initiatives that will reduce GHG emissions statewide. The first Scoping Plan was adopted in 2008, and was updated in 2014, 2017, and most recently in 2022. While the Scoping Plan is not directly applicable to specific projects, nor is it intended to be used for project-level evaluations7, it is the official framework for the measures and regulations that will be implemented to reduce California’s GHG emissions in alignment with the adopted targets. Therefore, a project would be found to not conflict with the statutes if it would meet the Scoping Plan policies and would not impede attainment of the goals therein. CARB’s 2017 Scoping Plan update was the first to address the state’s strategy for achieving the 2030 GHG reduction target set forth in SB 32 (CARB 2017). The most recent CARB 2022 Scoping Plan update outlines the state’s plan to reduce emissions and achieve carbon neutrality by 2045, in alignment with AB 1279, and assesses progress made toward the 2030 SB 32 target (CARB 2022). As such, given that SB 32 and AB 1279 are the relevant GHG emission targets, the 2017 and 2022 Scoping Plan updates that outline the strategy to achieve those targets are the most applicable to the proposed project. The 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan Update (Second Update) included measures to promote renewable energy and energy efficiency (including the mandates of SB 350), increase stringency of the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), measures identified in the Mobile Source and Freight Strategies, and measures identified in the proposed Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Plan. It also increased the stringency of SB 375 targets. The 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality (Third Update) builds upon and accelerates programs currently in place, including moving to zero-emission transportation; phasing out use of fossil gas use for heating homes and buildings; reducing chemical and refrigerants with high GWP; providing communities with sustainable options for walking, biking, and public transit; and displacement of fossil-fuel fired electrical generation through use of renewable energy alternatives (e.g., solar arrays and wind turbines) (CARB 2022). Many of the measures and programs included in the Scoping Plan would result in the reduction of project- related GHG emissions with no action required at the project-level, including GHG emission reductions through increased energy efficiency and renewable energy production (SB 350), reduction in carbon intensity of transportation fuels (LCFS), and the accelerated efficiency and electrification of the statewide vehicle fleet (Mobile Source Strategy). Given that the proposed project is also anticipated to result in a reduction in mobile trips (see Section 3.17, Transportation), the project would also not conflict with the Second Update’s goal of reducing GHG emissions through reductions in VMT statewide. The 2045 carbon neutrality goal required CARB to expand proposed actions in the Third Update to include those that capture and store carbon in addition to those that reduce only anthropogenic sources of GHG emissions. However, the Third Update emphasizes that reliance on carbon sequestration in the state’s natural and working lands will not be sufficient to address residual GHG emissions, and achieving carbon neutrality will require research, development, and deployment of additional methods to capture atmospheric GHG emissions (e.g., mechanical direct air capture). Given that the specific path to neutrality will require 7 The Final Statement of Reasons for the amendments to the CEQA Guidelines reiterates the statement in the Initial Statement of Reasons that “[t]he Scoping Plan may not be appropriate for use in determining the significance of individual projects because it is conceptual at this stage and relies on the future development of regulations to implement the strategies identified in the Scoping Plan” (CNRA 2009). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 80 MAY 2023 development of technologies and programs that are not currently known or available, the project’s role in supporting the statewide goal would be speculative and cannot be wholly identified at this time. Overall, the proposed project would comply with all regulations adopted in furtherance of the Scoping Plan to the extent applicable and required by law. As mentioned above, several Scoping Plan measures would result in reductions of project-related GHG emissions with no action required at the project-level, including those related to energy efficiency, reduced fossil fuel use, and renewable energy production. As demonstrated above, the proposed project would not conflict with CARB’s 2017 or 2022 Scoping Plan updates and with the state’s ability to achieve the 2030 and 2045 GHG reduction and carbon neutrality goals. Further, the proposed project’s consistency with the applicable measures and programs would assist in meeting the City’s contribution to GHG emission reduction targets in California. Consistency with Executive Order S-3-05 and Senate Bill 32 ▪ EO S-3-05. This EO establishes the following goals: GHG emissions should be reduced to 2000 levels by 2010, to 1990 levels by 2020, and to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. ▪ SB 32. This bill establishes for a statewide GHG emissions reduction target whereby CARB, in adopting rules and regulations to achieve the maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective GHG emissions reductions, shall ensure that statewide GHG emissions are reduced to at least 40% below 1990 levels by December 31, 2030. This section evaluates whether the GHG emissions trajectory after proposed project completion would impede the attainment of the 2030 and 2050 GHG reduction goals identified in EOs B-30-15 and S-3-05. To begin, CARB has expressed optimism with regard to both the 2030 and 2050 goals. It states in the First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan that “California is on track to meet the near-term 2020 GHG emissions limit and is well positioned to maintain and continue reductions beyond 2020 as required by AB 32” (CARB 2014, p. ES2). California has since met this 2020 emissions limit. With regard to the 2050 target for reducing GHG emissions to 80% below 1990 levels, the First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan states the following (CARB 2014, p. 34): This level of reduction is achievable in California. In fact, if California realizes the expected benefits of existing policy goals (such as 12,000 megawatts of renewable distributed generation by 2020, net zero energy homes after 2020, existing building retrofits under AB 758, and others) it could reduce emissions by 2030 to levels squarely in line with those needed in the developed world and to stay on track to reduce emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. Additional measures, including locally driven measures and those necessary to meet federal air quality standards in 2032, could lead to even greater emission reductions. In other words, CARB believes that the state is on a trajectory to meet the 2030 and 2050 GHG reduction targets set forth in AB 32, EO B-30-15, and EO S-3-05. This is confirmed in the 2017 Scoping Plan, which states (CARB 2017): The Scoping Plan builds upon the successful framework established by the Initial Scoping Plan and First Update, while identifying new, technologically feasible and cost-effective Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 81 MAY 2023 strategies to ensure that California meets its GHG reduction targets in a way that promotes and rewards innovation, continues to foster economic growth, and delivers improvements to the environment and public health, including in disadvantaged communities. The proposed project would not conflict with the state’s trajectory toward future GHG reductions. In addition, since the specific path to compliance for the state in regards to the long-term goals will likely require development of technology or other changes that are not currently known or available, specific additional mitigation measures for the project would be speculative and cannot be identified at this time. The proposed project’s consistency would assist in meeting the City’s contribution to GHG emission reduction targets in California. With respect to future GHG targets under SB 32 and EO S-3-05, CARB has also made clear its legal interpretation that it has the requisite authority to adopt whatever regulations are necessary, beyond the AB 32 horizon year of 2020, to meet SB 32’s 40% reduction target by 2030 and EO S-3-05’s 80% reduction target by 2050; this legal interpretation by an expert agency provides evidence that future regulations will be adopted to continue the state on its trajectory toward meeting these future GHG targets. Therefore, no new or more severe long-term operational impacts associated with applicable GHG reduction plans, policies, or regulations would occur; the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the PEIR; and no new mitigation measures are required. Potential to Conflict with the Southern California Association of Governments 2020 – 2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy The SCAG 2020–2045 RTP/SCS is a regional growth management strategy that targets per capita GHG reduction from passenger vehicles and light trucks in the Southern California Region pursuant to SB 375 (SCAG 2020a). In addition to demonstrating the region’s ability to attain the GHG emission-reduction targets set forth by CARB, the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS outlines a series of actions and strategies for integrating the transportation network with an overall land use pattern that responds to projected growth, housing needs, changing demographics, and transportation demands. Thus, successful implementation of the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS would result in more complete communities with various transportation and housing choices while reducing automobile use. The following strategies are intended to be supportive of implementing the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS and reducing GHGs: focus growth near destinations and mobility options; promote diverse housing choices; leverage technology innovations; support implementation of sustainability policies; and promote a green region (SCAG 2020a). The strategies that pertain to residential development and SCAG’s support of local jurisdiction sustainability efforts would not apply to the project. The project’s potential to conflict with the remaining applicable strategies is presented below. ▪ Focus Growth Near Destinations and Mobility Options. One of the strategies within the 2020-2045 RPT/SCS is to, among other aspects, expand job opportunities near transit and along center- focused main streets, as well as to promote the redevelopment of underperforming retail development and other outmoded non-residential uses. The project would not conflict with this strategy of the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, as the project is located within 0.5-mile of major roadways Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 82 MAY 2023 and supports the redevelopment of existing industrial/trucking based businesses, which will also expand job opportunities. ▪ Leverage Technology Innovations. One of the technology innovations identified in the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS that would apply to the project is the promotion and support of low emission technologies for transportation, such as alternative fueled vehicles, to reduce per capita GHG emissions. The project would not conflict with SCAG’s ability to implement this strategy. ▪ Promote a Green Region. The third applicable strategy within the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, for individual developments, such as the project, involves promoting a green region through efforts such as supporting local policies for renewable energy production and promoting more resource efficient development (e.g., reducing energy consumption) to reduce GHG emissions. The project would support this measure by meeting all applicable green building standards, including Title 24 Part 6 (California Energy Efficiency Standards) and Part 11 (California Green Building Standards), that are in effect at the time of design and construction. Based on the analysis above, the project would be consistent with the SCAG 2020-2045 RTP/SCS. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project MM-4.2-5a Prior to the issuance of building permits, future development projects shall demonstrate the incorporation of project design features that achieve a minimum of 28.5 percent reduction in GHG emissions from non-mobile sources as compared to business as usual conditions. With regard to expansions/modifications of existing facilities, this mitigation measure shall be applied to the resulting incremental net increase in enclosed floor area. Future project shall include but not be limited to, the following list of potential design features (which include measures for reducing GHG emissions related to Transportation and Motor Vehicles). Energy Efficiency ▪ Design buildings to be energy efficient and exceed Title 24 requirements by at least 5 percent. ▪ Install efficient lighting and lighting control systems. Site and design building to take advantage of daylight. ▪ Use trees, landscaping and sunscreens on west and south exterior building walls to reduce energy use. ▪ Install light-colored “cool” roofs and cool pavements. ▪ Provide information on energy management services for large energy users. ▪ Install energy efficient heating and cooling systems, appliances and equipment, and control systems (e.g., minimum of Energy Star rated equipment). ▪ Implement design features to increase the efficiency of the building envelope (i.e., the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned spaces). ▪ Install light emitting diodes (LEDs) for traffic, street, and other outdoor lighting. ▪ Limit the hours of operation of outdoor lighting. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 83 MAY 2023 Renewable Energy ▪ Ensure buildings are designed to have “solar ready” roofs. ▪ Use combined heat and power in appropriate applications. Water Conservation and Efficiency ▪ Create water-efficient landscapes with a preference for a xeriscape landscape palette. ▪ Install water-efficient irrigation systems and devices, such as soil moisture-based irrigation controls. ▪ Design buildings to be water-efficient. Install water-efficient fixtures and appliances (e.g., EPA WaterSense labeled products). ▪ Restrict watering methods (e.g., prohibit systems that apply water to non-vegetated surfaces) and control runoff. ▪ Restrict the use of water for cleaning outdoor surfaces and vehicles. ▪ Implement low-impact development practices that maintain the existing hydrologic character of the site to manage storm water and protect the environment. (Retaining storm water runoff on-site can drastically reduce the need for energy-intensive imported water at the site). ▪ Devise a comprehensive water conservation strategy appropriate for the project and location. The strategy may include many of the specific items listed above, plus other innovative measures that are appropriate to the specific project. ▪ Provide education about water conservation and available programs and incentives. Solid Waste Measures ▪ Reuse and recycle construction and demolition waste (including, but not limited to, soil, vegetation, concrete, lumber, metal, and cardboard). ▪ Provide interior and exterior storage areas for recyclables and green waste and adequate recycling containers located in public areas. ▪ Provide education and publicity about reducing waste and available recycling services. Transportation and Motor Vehicles ▪ Limit idling time for commercial vehicles, including delivery and construction vehicles. ▪ Promote ride sharing programs (e.g., by designating a certain percentage of parking spaces for ride-sharing vehicles, designating adequate passenger loading and unloading and waiting areas for ride-sharing vehicles, and providing a web site or message board for coordinating rides). ▪ Create local “light vehicle” networks, such as neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV) systems. ▪ Provide the necessary facilities and infrastructure to encourage the use of low or zero-emission vehicles (e.g., electric vehicle charging facilities and conveniently located alternative fueling stations). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 84 MAY 2023 ▪ Promote “least polluting” ways to connect people and goods to their destinations. ▪ Incorporate bicycle lanes and routes into street systems, new subdivisions, and large developments. ▪ Incorporate bicycle-friendly intersections into street design. ▪ For commercial projects, provide adequate bicycle parking near building entrances to promote cyclist safety, security, and convenience. For large employers, provide facilities that encourage bicycle commuting (e.g., locked bicycle storage or covered or indoor bicycle parking). ▪ Create bicycle lanes and walking paths directed to the location of schools, parks and other destination points. 3.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis IX. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS – Would the project: a) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? b) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? d) Be located on a site that is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area? Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 85 MAY 2023 New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis f) Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? g) Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires? a) Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the land uses proposed by the SWIP SP could entail the routine transport, use, storage, and/or disposal of hazardous materials. The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that all future development within the SWIP SP would be required to comply with applicable federal, state, and local regulations related to handling, transport, and disposal of hazardous materials and waste. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR established mitigation that prohibits the siting of facilities that handle hazardous materials near sensitive receptors (e.g., schools, childcare facilities, and senior centers) and requires businesses that handle hazardous materials to submit hazardous materials inventories to the San Bernardino County Fire Department (MM-4.5-1a and MM-4.5-1c, respectively). The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that mandatory compliance with applicable regulations and implementation of the mitigation measures included in the SWIP SP PEIR would ensure that the SWIP SP would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials. Impacts would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Short-Term Construction Impacts Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. During project construction, potentially hazardous materials would be handled on site. These materials would include gasoline, diesel fuel, lubricants, and other petroleum-based products used to operate and maintain construction equipment. Handling of these potentially hazardous materials would be temporary and would coincide with the short-term construction phase. Although these materials could be stored on site, storage would be required to comply with the guidelines established by the manufacturer’s recommendations. Consistent with federal, state, and local requirements, transport, removal, and disposal of hazardous materials from the project site would be conducted by a permitted and licensed service provider. Any handling, transport, use, or disposal would comply with all applicable federal, state, and local agencies and regulations, including the EPA, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, the Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 86 MAY 2023 California Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Caltrans, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the San Bernardino County Fire Department (the Certified Unified Program Agency for San Bernardino County). Because of the age of the existing on-site buildings, there is a possibility that potentially hazardous building materials such as asbestos-containing material (ACM) or lead-based paint (LBP) could be encountered during demolition activities. Consistent with MM-4.5-2c from the SWIP SP PEIR, prior to the issuance of a grading or building permit, a Certified Environmental Professional will confirm the presence or absence of ACMs and LBPs prior to structural demolition/renovation activities. Should ACMs or LBPs be present, demolition materials containing ACMs and/or LBPs will be removed and disposed of at an appropriate permitted facility. Pursuant to MM-4.5-2a from the SWIP SP PEIR, a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) (Appendix E) was prepared by Hazard Management Consulting in May 2022, in accordance with American Society of Testing and Materials Standards and Standards and Practices for All Appropriate Inquiries. The Phase I ESA covered the entirety of the project site and referenced previous site characterization reports prepared for properties that compose the project site. Based on the results of the research and available data, the Phase I ESA found no recognized environmental conditions at the project site. However, the investigation found minor to heavy areas of significant petroleum staining, a mechanics pit and floor drain at the 14228 parcel, and septic tanks at the project site. Pursuant to MM-4.5-2b from the SWIP SP PEIR, all stained concrete and soils will be excavated and disposed of at a permitted, off-site facility, pursuant to all applicable laws and regulations. Implementation of MM-4.5-2b will ensure that residual contamination would not result in adverse health and safety impacts to workers during construction of the project, or to future occupants of the site. Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, short-term construction impacts associated with creation of a hazard to the public or the environment due to hazardous materials would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Long-Term Operational Impacts Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Potentially hazardous materials associated with project operations would include materials used during typical cleaning and maintenance activities. Although these potentially hazardous materials would vary, they would generally include household cleaning products, paints, fertilizers, and herbicides and pesticides. Many of these materials are considered household hazardous wastes, common wastes, and/or universal wastes by the EPA, which considers these types of wastes to be common to businesses and households and to pose a lower risk to people and the environment than other hazardous wastes when properly handled, transported, used, and disposed of (EPA 2022b). Federal, state, and local regulations typically allow these types of wastes to be handled and disposed of with less stringent standards than other hazardous wastes, and many of these wastes do not have to be managed as hazardous waste. Additionally, any potentially hazardous material handled on the project site would be limited in both quantity and concentrations, consistent with other similar industrial uses located in the City, and any handling, transport, use, and disposal would comply with applicable federal, state, and local agencies and regulations. Further, as mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA n.d.), all hazardous materials stored Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 87 MAY 2023 on the project site would be accompanied by a Material Safety Data Sheet, which would inform employees and first responders as to the necessary remediation procedures in the case of accidental release. Therefore, long-term operational impacts associated with creation of a hazard to the public or the environment due to hazardous materials would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: Short-Term Construction Activities The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the existing structures within the SWIP SP area likely contain LBP, ACMs, and/or other contaminants, and therefore demolition of the buildings would potentially create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment—a potentially significant impact. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with MM-4.5-2c requiring an ACM/LBP survey and any necessary abatement be conducted prior to issuance of grading and/or building permits, as well as compliance with SCAQMD Rule 1403, would reduce potential impacts associated with demolition to the existing buildings to a less-than-significant level. The SWIP SP PEIR also determined that grading and excavation for future development within the SWIP SP area could expose construction workers and the public to unidentified hazardous substances present in the soil or groundwater associated with the I-10 freeway, Union Pacific Railroad alignment, and unidentified underground storage tanks. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation measures to ensure that future development projects evaluate potential, site-specific hazardous conditions and implement remediation programs, as needed, to ensure that development activities within the SWIP SP area would not increase the potential for accident conditions that could result in the release of hazardous materials into the environment (i.e., MM-4.5-2a and MM-4.5-2b, MM-4.5-2d through MM-4.5-2f). The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with the required mitigation measures and applicable regulatory requirements would reduce potential construction-related impacts to a level below significance. Long-Term Operational Activities The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the operation of future development associated with the SWIP SP could create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment. The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that typical incidents associated with operations of typical commercial and industrial development projects that could result in accidental release of hazardous materials include leaking storage tanks, spills during transport, inappropriate storage, inappropriate use, and/or natural disasters. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with mandatory regulations and MM-4.5-1a through MM-4.5-1d—which prohibit the siting of facilities that handle hazardous materials near sensitive receptors (e.g., schools, childcare facilities, and senior centers) and the transportation of hazardous materials near sensitive Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 88 MAY 2023 receptors, and requires businesses that handle hazardous materials to submit hazardous materials inventories to the San Bernardino County Fire Department—would ensure that operational impacts are less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.9(a). c) Would the project emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that there are four schools located either inside or within 0.25 miles of the SWIP SP boundaries and that hazardous emissions or the handling of hazardous materials or substances would occur within 0.25 miles of an existing or proposed school. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with standard regulatory requirements and mitigation measures from the SWIP SP PEIR would ensure that impacts associated with construction and operation of the SWIP SP are less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Henry J. Kaiser High School is located 0.25 miles south of the project site. MM-4.5-1a from the SWIP SP PEIR mandates that the City require new facilities involved in the production, use, storage, transport or disposal of hazardous materials be located a safe distance from land uses that may be adversely impacted by such activities, including schools. As previously discussed, the project would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials or create a significant hazard to the public or the environment involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment. As such, the project would not emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous materials, substances, or waste in proximity to a school. Therefore, impacts associated with emitting or handling hazardous materials within 0.25 miles of a school would less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. d) Would the project be located on a site that is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that there are various hazardous material sites listed on federal, state, and local records databases located within the SWIP SP area. As previously discussed under the analysis in Section 3.7(a) and Section 3.7(b), above, the SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation that requires future development projects within the SWIP SP area to conduct site-specific investigations (i.e., Phase I ESAs) and perform remedial activities, as necessary, prior to construction to correct any identified environmental conditions (SWIP SP PEIR MM-4.5-2a and MM-4.5-2b, respectively). The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with the required mitigation, impacts would be reduced to a level below significance. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 89 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites (Cortese List) is a planning document providing information about the location of hazardous materials release sites. California Government Code Section 65962.5 requires the California Environmental Protection Agency to develop, at least annually, an updated Cortese List. The Department of Toxic Substances Control is responsible for a portion of the information contained in the Cortese List. Other state and local government agencies are required to provide additional hazardous materials release information for the Cortese List. A review of Cortese List online data resources did not identify the project site as being included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5. Therefore, impacts associated with hazardous materials sites would not occur and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the Ontario Airport is located approximately 3 miles west of the SWIP SP area and that the southwestern portion of the SWIP SP area is located within the Ontario Airport’s “Airport Influence Area.” The SWIP SP PEIR determined that development within the SWIP SP area would consist of industrial, commercial, and office development and would not result in a safety hazard for people working in the SWIP SP area. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that a less-than- significant impact would occur. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The nearest operational public-use airport to the project site is Ontario International Airport, which is located approximately 5 miles west of the project area. As presented in the LA/Ontario International Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, the project is located within the airport’s influence area. Airport influence areas include the areas in which current or future airport-related safety, noise, airspace protection, or overflight factors may significantly affect land uses or necessitate restrictions on those uses. Due to the distance between the project site and the airport, the allowable building height for the project site is greater than 200 feet. Therefore, impacts associated with public airport and private airstrip hazards would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 90 MAY 2023 f) Would the project impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that construction activities associated with future development could temporarily impact traffic on streets that would serve as evacuation routes due to roadway improvements and extension of construction activities into the rights-of-way. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.5-6a and MM-4.5-6b, which require the implementation of a traffic control plan during construction of future development projects within the SWIP SP area and, also, require coordination between the City of Fontana Engineering Department and City of Fontana Police Department to ensure adequate access for emergency vehicles during the construction of future development projects within the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with implementation of the recommended mitigation, future construction activities related to the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts with regard to emergency access. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that all future development would be required to provide sufficient emergency access, as required by the City’s Zoning Code. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with regulatory requirements would ensure the operational impacts of the SWIP SP would be less than significant with regard to emergency access. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Roadway facilities that are designated in the General Plan Community Mobility and Circulation Chapter (City of Fontana 2018b) as major, primary, or secondary highways, as well as other streets with regional access, are assumed to serve as evacuation routes in the event of a regional emergency. Local access to the project site would be provided by Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Ana Avenue. While it is feasible that one travel lane on Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue may be temporarily closed due to street improvements required during construction, the remaining lane(s) would remain open, and regional access would be preserved throughout construction of the project. This construction-period lane closure would be short term, and the lane would reopen upon completion of construction activities. Additionally, consistent with MM-4.5-6a, prior to the issuance of grading permits, the project applicant will be required to prepare a traffic control plan for implementation during the construction phase. Among other items, the traffic control plan may include provisions such as providing a temporary traffic signal, signal carriers (i.e., flagpersons), or other appropriate traffic controls should only a single lane be available during construction. Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with emergency response or evacuation plans would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 91 MAY 2023 g) Would the project expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards would occur. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located in a highly developed part of the City outside of an urban-wildland interface. The project site is not located within or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008), and the nearest natural open space area is found more than 1 mile south of the site. Therefore, no impacts associated with wildland fires would occur and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to hazards and hazardous materials be implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum: MM-4.5-1a The City shall require that new proposed facilities involved in the production, use, storage, transport or disposal of hazardous materials be located a safe distance from land uses that may be adversely impacted by such activities. Conversely, new sensitive facilities, such as schools, child-care centers, and senior centers, shall not to be located near existing sites that use, store, or generate hazardous materials. MM-4.5-2a A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment shall be prepared in accordance with American Society of Testing and Materials Standards and Standards and Practices for All Appropriate Inquiries prior to issuance of a Grading Permit for future development within the project site. The Phase I Environmental Site Assessment shall investigate the potential for site contamination, and will identify Specific Recognized Environmental Conditions (i.e., asbestos containing materials, lead-based paints, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc.) that may require remedial activities prior to land acquisition or construction. The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to hazards and hazardous materials to be implemented following project approval: MM-4.5-2b Prior to potential remedial excavation and grading activities within the site (if remediation is required), impacted areas shall be cleared of all maintenance equipment and materials (e.g., solvents, grease, waste oil), construction materials, miscellaneous stockpiled debris (e.g., scrap metal, pallets, storage bins, construction parts), above ground storage tanks, surface trash, piping, excess vegetation and other deleterious materials. These materials shall be Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 92 MAY 2023 removed off-site and properly disposed of at an approved disposal facility. Once removed, a visual inspection of the areas beneath the removed materials shall be performed. Any stained soils observed underneath the removed materials shall be sampled. In the event concentrations of materials are detected above regulatory cleanup levels during demolition or construction activities, the project applicant shall comply with the following measures in accordance with Federal, State, and local requirements: ▪ Excavation and disposal at a permitted, off-site facility; ▪ On-site remediation, if necessary; or ▪ Other measures as deemed appropriate by the County. MM-4.5-2c Prior to the issuance of a grading or building permit, a Certified Environmental Professional shall confirm the presence or absence of ACMs and LBPs prior to structural demolition/renovation activities. Should ACMs or LBPs be present, demolition materials containing ACMs and/or LBPs shall be removed and disposed of at an appropriate permitted facility. MM-4.5-6a Prior to the issuance of grading permits, future developers shall prepare a Traffic Control Plan for implementation during the construction phase. The Plan may include the following provisions, among others: ▪ At least one unobstructed lane shall be maintained in both directions on surrounding roadways. ▪ At any time only a single lane is available, the developer shall provide a temporary traffic signal, signal carriers (i.e., flagpersons), or other appropriate traffic controls to allow travel in both directions. ▪ If construction activities require the complete closure of a roadway segment, the developer shall provide appropriate signage indicating detours/alternative routes. 3.10 Hydrology and Water Quality New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis X. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY – Would the project: a) Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality? Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 93 MAY 2023 New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis b) Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin? c) Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: i) result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site; ii) substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or offsite; iii) create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; or iv) impede or redirect flood flows? d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? e) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan? a) Would the project violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that development of the SWIP SP could adversely affect water quality through the discharge of various waterborne pollutants. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future development projects within the SWIP SP would be required to comply with NPDES regulations and implement BMPs to reduce water pollution from urban runoff. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with adherence to existing state water quality requirements, impacts to water quality would be less than significant. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 94 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Short-Term Construction Impacts Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Project construction would include earthwork activities that could potentially result in erosion, which could subsequently degrade downstream water quality and/or violate water quality standards. The State Water Resources Control Board requires dischargers whose projects disturb 1 acre of soil or more to obtain coverage under the Construction General Permit (Water Quality Order 2009-0009-DWQ). Construction activity subject to this permit includes clearing, grading, and ground disturbances such as trenching, stockpiling, or excavation. Since the project would include clearing and grading of an area more than 1 acre in size, a Construction General Permit would be required prior to the start of construction. The Construction General Permit requires development and implementation of an SWPPP. The SWPPP identifies which structural and nonstructural BMPs will be implemented on site such as sandbag barriers, gravel driveways, dust controls, and construction worker training. The implementation of a Construction General Permit, including preparation of an SWPPP and incorporation of BMPs, would reduce both stormwater runoff and soil erosion impacts to acceptable levels, which would subsequently minimize the opportunity for impacts to downstream receiving waters. Therefore, short-term construction impacts associated with water quality standards or waste discharge requirements would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Long-Term Operational Impacts Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Once the project is operational, the primary source of pollutants would be from passenger vehicles and trucks located on surface parking areas and loading docks. Potential pollutants of concern with a parking lot and warehouse loading area include trash and debris, oil and grease, organic compounds, and heavy metals. Stormwater quality within the Santa Ana Region (of which the Project site is a part) is managed by the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board, which administers the NPDES Permit and Waste Discharge Requirements for the San Bernardino County Flood Control District, the County of San Bernardino, and the Incorporated Cities of San Bernardino County within the Santa Ana Region (Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System [MS4] Permit). The MS4 Permit covers 17 cities and most of the unincorporated areas of San Bernardino County within the jurisdiction of the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board. Under the MS4 Permit, the San Bernardino County Flood Control District is designated as the Principal Permittee. The Co-Permittees are the 17 San Bernardino County cities, including the City of Fontana, and San Bernardino County. The MS4 Permit requires Co-Permittees, including the City of Fontana, to implement a development planning program to address stormwater pollution. These programs require project applicants for certain types of projects to implement a Water Quality Management Plan throughout the operational life of each project. The purpose of a Water Quality Management Plan is to reduce the discharge of pollutants in stormwater and to eliminate increases in pre-existing runoff rates and volumes by outlining BMPs, which must be incorporated into the design plans of new development and redevelopment (SARWQCB 2010). As required by the MS4 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 95 MAY 2023 Permit, the Project will be required to manage and treat stormwater flows to maximum extent practicable to control pollutants, pollutant loads, and runoff volume emanating from the Project site by: (1) minimizing the impervious surface area and implementing source control measures, (2) controlling runoff from impervious surfaces using structural BMPs (e.g., infiltration, bioretention, and/or rainfall harvest and re-use), and (3) ensuring all structural BMPs are monitored and maintained for the life of the Project. Surface water runoff during project operations would be managed through a mixture of strategies, including development of an engineered stormwater system, which, along with pervious areas on the project site such as landscape areas and proposed infiltration chamber located on the project site, would allow water to drain into subsurface soils and maximize the natural infiltration capacity. This approach would remove pollutants from on-site runoff prior to discharge into the storm drain system to the maximum extent practicable, as required by MS4 and as will be demonstrated in the project-specific Water Quality Management Plan. Therefore, the project would not violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality and water quality impacts would be less than significant. Therefore, long-term operational impacts associated with water quality standards or waste discharge requirements would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the majority of the SWIP SP area is developed and urbanized and, therefore, implementation of the SWIP SP would not introduce substantial new impervious surfaces to the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR also disclosed that no groundwater extraction would occur as part of the SWIP SP. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts related to depletion of groundwater supplies or interference with groundwater recharge. Analysis of Project: Groundwater Supplies Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located within the service area of the San Gabriel Valley Water Company, Fontana Water Company Division (FWC). According to FWC’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (FWC 2021), FWC currently obtains water from four different sources: local groundwater basins (Chino Basin, Rialto-Colton Basin, and Lytle Basin), local surface water (Lytle Creek), imported surface water, and recycled water. FWC pumps groundwater from 12 active wells located within the Chino Basin, from 7 active wells located within the Rialto-Colton Basin, from 3 active wells within the No Man’s Land Basin (unnamed basin located between the Chino and Rialto Basins), and from 10 active wells located within Lytle Basin Creek. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 96 MAY 2023 Groundwater levels within these basins are both individually and collectively monitored by their respective watermasters to prevent future overdraft of the groundwater basins. Legal, regulatory, and other mechanisms are currently in place to ensure that the amount of groundwater pumped in the broader project region does not exceed safe yields/operating safe yields. Thus, although the project would rely on water supplies that would be composed, at least in part, of groundwater, all extraction of groundwater for use by FWC is actively managed to prevent overdraft, ensure the long-term reliability of the groundwater basins, and avoid adverse effects to groundwater supplies. Therefore, impacts associated with groundwater supplies would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Groundwater Recharge Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Under the proposed conditions, on-site stormwater would drain into an engineered stormwater system, which, along with pervious areas on the project site such as landscape areas and proposed infiltration basins located throughout the site, would allow water to drain into subsurface soils and maximize the natural infiltration capacity. Therefore, impacts associated with groundwater recharge would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. c) Would the project substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: i) Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the SWIP SP area is located within an urbanized area that is served by existing stormwater drainage facilities operated by the City of Fontana and the County of San Bernardino. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the drainage infrastructure proposed by the SWIP SP would adequately serve future development within the SWIP SP area and would minimize impacts related to erosion or siltation, resulting in less-than-significant impacts regarding erosion or siltation. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Given that no stormwater drainage facilities currently serve the existing project site, development of the project and installations of the new on-site engineered stormwater system would inevitably alter the existing on-site drainage pattern. However, instead of allowing uncontrolled stormwater flows to be conveyed off site, the proposed engineered storm drain system will be constructed on the project site to collect and treat on-site stormwater runoff, which, along with pervious areas on the project site such as landscape areas and proposed infiltration chambers located on the project site, would Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 97 MAY 2023 allow water to drain into subsurface soils and maximize the natural infiltration capacity. As such, although the project would alter the existing drainage pattern on the project site, this change would not result in adverse effects related to erosion, siltation, flooding, and polluted runoff. Therefore, impacts associated with existing drainage patterns would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. ii) Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or offsite? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would not result in a substantial increase in surface runoff and would result in less-than-significant impacts related to flooding. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.10(c)(iv). iii) Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would require the installation of drainage infrastructure improvements, but that existing and planned stormwater drainage systems would have adequate capacity to convey surface runoff flows from the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR also concluded that the SWIP SP would not generate substantial, additional sources of polluted runoff. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.10(c)(iv). iv) Impede or redirect flood flows? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that although portions of the SWIP SP area would be located within the 100-year base flood plain, the SWIP SP area is already developed with urbanized uses, and future development of structures within the SWIP SP area would not occur within an existing floodway or otherwise impede or redirect flood flows. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the SWIP SP would result in a less-than-significant impact. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 98 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Map No. 06071C8665H (FEMA 2008), the project site is located outside of both a 1% Annual Chance Flood Hazard Zone (100-year floodplain) and 0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard Zone (500-year floodplain). Implementation of the project would not substantially impede or redirect flood flows. Therefore, no impacts associated with flooding would occur. d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, would the project risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP area is not located near a major dam or within a dam inundation area. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any significant effects within the SWIP SP area related to inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Map No. 06071C8665H (FEMA 2008), the project site is located outside of both a 1% Annual Chance Flood Hazard Zone (100-year floodplain) and 0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard Zone (500-year floodplain). Additionally, per the County of San Bernardino General Plan Hazard Overlays map, the project site is located outside of a dam inundation area. Further, because of the project’s inland location, relatively flat topography, and lack of an adjacent perennial body of water, the project site would not be susceptible to tsunami, mudflow, or seiche. Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with flooding, tsunami, mudflow, seiche, or inundation, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. e) Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future development within the SWIP SP area would be required to adhere to state water quality requirements and would not result in substantial adverse water quality effects. Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address the potential for the SWIP SP PEIR to conflict with or obstruct implementation of a sustainable groundwater management plan, the SWIP SP PEIR did address the potential for the SWIP SP to deplete groundwater supplies or interfere with groundwater recharge (and concluded that such impacts would be less than significant). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 99 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.10(a) and Section 3.10(b). 3.11 Land Use and Planning New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XI. LAND USE AND PLANNING – Would the project: a) Physically divide an established community? b) Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? a) Would the project physically divide an established community? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined the SWIP SP would not divide an established community, as it would implement a range of industrial, commercial, public, and residential land uses similar to the land uses that already existed within the SWIP SP boundaries. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that existing development within the SWIP SP area was already divided by the existing local roadway network, and the SWIP SP would not create additional physical barriers between these land uses. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded impacts in this regard would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The physical division of an established community is typically associated with the construction of a linear feature, such as a major highway or railroad tracks, or removal of a means of access, such as a local road or bridge, which would impair mobility within an existing community or between a community and an outlying area. Currently, the project site is located within a largely industrial area of the City and, thus, is not used as a connection between two established, defined residential communities. Instead, connectivity in the surrounding project area is facilitated via local roadways and pedestrian facilities. Despite the nearby scattered residential uses, the project would not impede movement between these residences within the project area, within an established community, or from one established community to another. Further, the project would include improvements such as a new sidewalk that would improve pedestrian connectivity and safety along the project frontage. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 100 MAY 2023 Therefore, impacts associated with the physical division of an established community would not occur and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP would not directly conflict with the policy or regulations adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect, including the City’s General Plan and Zoning and Development Code. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the SWIP SP would result in a less-than-significant impact. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The City’s General Plan Land Use Map designates the project site as Light Industrial (I-L) (City of Fontana 2020a). The City’s Zoning Map shows the site as being zoned as the SWIP SP (within the SWIP SP area, the project site is located in the Slover West Industrial District [SWD] (City of Fontana n.d.) According to the SWIP SP, the SWD is intended to promote the continued use and expansion of existing industrial, distribution and logistics-based, and warehousing developments, along with the well-placed service commercial uses (City of Fontana 2011). Table 11-2 of the SWIP SP lists permitted, conditionally permitted, and non-permitted uses within the SWD; “Warehousing Facilities” uses are listed as permitted uses in the SWD. Thus, based on a review of both the SWIP SP and the project, the proposed industrial/warehouse building is a permitted use within the SWD. As such, it follows that the project’s land use, proposed activities, and development intensity were already assumed and evaluated in the SWIP SP and PEIR, respectively, and the project would then be consistent with local plans, policies, and regulations that were previously adopted to guide land use decisions and to avoid or mitigate environmental effects. Therefore, impacts associated with applicable land use plans, policies, and regulations would not occur and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 101 MAY 2023 3.12 Mineral Resources New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XII. MINERAL RESOURCES – Would the project: a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state? b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally- important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan? a) Would the project result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that according to the City’s General Plan, no known deposits of precious gemstones, ores, or unique or rare minerals have been identified within the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. Thus, no impact would occur in this regard. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the California Department of Conservation, Geologic Energy Management Division, there are no gas, geothermal, or other known wells located on or in the vicinity of the project site; the nearest wells to the project site are located over 1 mile north near the Fontana Speedway and over 5 miles east and west within the City of Colton and City of Ontario, respectively (CDOC 2019). Additionally, maps prepared by the California Department of Conservation show that the project site is located within an MRZ-3 area, which is an area containing inferred mineral occurrences of undetermined mineral resource significance (CDOC 2015). Nonetheless, the project site is located in an urbanized, industrial portion of the City and is bound by existing and future development in all directions. Mineral resource mining is not a compatible use with existing surrounding land uses. Additionally, the project site is not large enough to allow for the effective extraction of mineral resources. Considering the existing surrounding land uses and the incompatibility of mineral resource extraction activities in the project area, potential significant mineral resources within the project area are considered unavailable for extraction. Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with mineral resources, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 102 MAY 2023 b) Would the project result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any significant environmental effects within the SWIP SP area related to the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, SP, or other land use plan. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact would occur. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.12(a). 3.13 Noise New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XIII. NOISE – Would the project result in: a) Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? a) Would the project result in generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that although the construction of future development and improvements in the SWIP SP area would be required to adhere to the hours permitted by the City’s Municipal Code (i.e., between 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays), Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 103 MAY 2023 due to the proximity of residential and institutional uses to the SWIP SP area, such construction could result in temporary, localized increases in noise levels and vibration that may exceed established standards. As such, the SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation to minimize potential adverse effects to sensitive receptors (SWIP SP PEIR MM-4.7-1a and MM-4.7-1b). The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with the City’s permitted hours of construction and implementation of MM-4.7-1a and MM- 4.7-1b would ensure construction-related noise levels do not exceed regulatory standards, and impacts would be less than significant. The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development in the SWIP SP area could, potentially, result in a permanent exposure of sensitive receptors to ambient noise from stationary sources that exceeds established standards. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.7-2a, which requires industrial facilities in proximity of existing sensitive receptor land uses to implement design measures such as noise walls and berms to minimize operational noise levels. Additionally, the SWIP SP includes design guidelines and development standards that are aimed at reducing noise impacts, including building orientation, wall placement, lot dimensions, maximum intensity, outdoor storage, setbacks, buffers, edge conditions, and landscaping that would serve to minimize noise impacts on sensitive land uses in the vicinity. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with implementation of the SWIP SP design guidelines and development standards and implementation of mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant stationary source noise impacts. The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development in the SWIP SP area could result in a permanent increase in ambient noise levels from mobile sources (e.g., vehicular traffic and rail) in excess of established standards. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future mobile noise source impacts from buildout of the SWIP SP would be significant and unavoidable. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The City’s General Plan Noise and Safety Chapter includes goals, policies, and actions that pertain to protecting new development from noise impacts through compatible use with surrounding areas, road maintenance standards, and setbacks (City of Fontana 2018c). The chapter establishes that standards for exterior and interior noise levels shall be consistent with the City Code of Ordinances (Chapter 18), which provides guidelines to evaluate the acceptability of noise impacts. Noise measurements were conducted at noise-sensitive land uses adjacent to the project site on February 22, 2022. Table 3.13-1 provides the location, date, and time the noise measurements were taken, as well as the minimum, maximum, and energy-averaged noise levels (Leq). In addition, one long-term noise measurement was also taken November 19–20, 2019, for another project in the vicinity (approximately 300 feet to the east). Table 3.13-2 provides the summary of the long-term noise measurement. These locations are also depicted as ST1 through S4 (short-term) and LT1 (long-term) on Figure 7, Noise Measurement Locations. As shown in Table 3.13-1, ambient daytime noise levels ranged from approximately 65 to 66 A-weighted decibels (dBA) Leq in the project vicinity. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 104 MAY 2023 Table 3.13-1. Measured Short-Term Data Summary Site Description Date/Time Sound Level Data (dBA) Leq1 Lmin2 Lmax3 ST1 10909 Almond Avenue (Residential/Commercial) 2/22/2022 12:29 p.m.–12:44 p.m. 64.8 48.7 76.3 ST2 11010 Almond Avenue (Residential/Commercial) 2/22/2022 12:56 p.m.–1:11 p.m. 64.6 49.4 80.2 ST3 14330 Santa Ana Avenue (Residential) 2/22/2022 1:18 p.m.–1:34 p.m. 66.3 49.5 84 Source: Appendix F. Notes: Leq = equivalent noise level; Lmin = minimum sound level; Lmax = maximum sound level; dB = decibel. Temperature 56°F–57°F, partly cloudy, calm winds. 1 Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (Time-Average Sound Level) 2 Minimum Sound Level 3 Maximum Sound Level As shown in Table 3.13-2, the lowest measured hourly average noise level over a 24-hour period was approximately 62 dBA Leq, and occurred from 11:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. The highest measured hourly average noise level was approximately 73 dBA Leq. This hourly noise level occurred from 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m., 3:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m., and from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. The 24-hour weighted average noise level at LT1 was 74 dBA Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL). Table 3.13-2. Measured Long-Term (LT1) Data Summary (11/19/2019 to 11/20/2019) Time Interval Leq Lmax Lmin 11:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m. 70.8 86.1 44.7 12:00 p.m.–1:00 p.m. 69.7 87.9 46.7 1:00 p.m.–2:00 p.m. 69 86.2 49.7 2:00 p.m.–3:00 p.m. 72.7 93.1 52.5 3:00 p.m.–4:00 p.m. 72.5 92.2 50.9 4:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. 72.1 87.2 48.7 5:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m. 71.4 87.4 64.2 6:00 p.m.–7:00 p.m. 69 86.7 49.2 7:00 p.m.–8:00 p.m. 65.6 81.3 49.1 8:00 p.m.–9:00 p.m. 70 87.8 44.1 9:00 p.m.–10:00 p.m. 66.9 84.6 48.5 10:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. 65 82.2 46.8 11:00 p.m.–12:00 a.m. 62.1 79.9 46.4 1:00 a.m.–2:00 a.m. 63.1 84 43.8 2:00 a.m.–3:00 a.m. 57.9 81.2 39.2 3:00 a.m.–4:00 a.m. 66.4 88 39.2 4:00 a.m.–5:00 a.m. 65.9 84.6 44.5 5:00 a.m.–6:00 a.m. 65.9 86.4 46.9 6:00 a.m.–7:00 a.m. 69.9 88.6 45.1 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 105 MAY 2023 Table 3.13-2. Measured Long-Term (LT1) Data Summary (11/19/2019 to 11/20/2019) Time Interval Leq Lmax Lmin 7:00 a.m.–8:00 a.m. 71.5 95.4 51.6 8:00 a.m.–9:00 a.m. 72.5 86.6 55.1 9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m. 70.3 87.2 52.8 10:00 a.m.–11:00 a.m. 71.1 86.1 51.1 Lowest Hourly Average Noise Level (62 dBA Leq) Highest Hourly Average Noise Level (73 dBA Leq) 24-Hour Average Noise Level (70 dBA Leq 24-Hr) 24-Hour Weighted-Average Noise Level (74 dBA CNEL) Source: Appendix F. Notes: Leq = equivalent noise level; Lmax = maximum sound level; Lmin = minimum sound level; dBA = A-weighted decibel; CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level. Short-Term Construction Noise Noise generated by project construction equipment would include a combination of trucks, power tools, concrete mixers, and portable generators that, when combined, can reach high levels. The number and mix of construction equipment would likely vary during the following stages: demolition, site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating. With the noise sources identified above, and in compliance with MM-4.7-2a from the SWIP SP PEIR, a noise analysis was performed using a spreadsheet-based version of the model developed by the Federal Highway Administration called the Roadway Construction Noise Model (FHWA 2008). Input variables for the Roadway Construction Noise Model consist of the receiver/land use types, the equipment type (i.e., backhoe, crane, truck, etc.), the number of equipment pieces, the duty cycle for each piece of equipment (i.e., percentage of each time period the equipment typically is in operation), and the distance between the construction noise source and the sensitive receiver. Table 3.13-3 provides a summary of the construction noise levels by each construction phase at the nearest noise-sensitive receptor locations. The construction noise modeling details are provided in Appendix F. Based on the phases of construction, noise impacts associated with the project are expected to create temporarily audible noise levels at the nearby receptor locations. Noise-sensitive land uses in the vicinity of the project include residences to the east (approximately 70 feet from the project site/nearest construction boundary), residences to the south (approximately 90 feet from the project site/nearest construction boundary) and residences to the southeast (approximately 120 feet from the construction boundary). To assess peak construction noise levels, this construction noise assessment is focused on noise levels that would occur at the nearest noise-sensitive receivers; construction noise levels at other receivers further away from the site would be less. 14657 106 MAY 2023 Table 3.13-3. Construction Noise Model Results Summary Construction Phase Construction Noise at Nearest Receiver Distances (Leq [dBA]) Residences to the East Residences to the South Residences to the Southeast Nearest Source/ Receiver Distance (Approximately 70 feet) Typical Source/ Receiver Distance (Approximately 375 feet) Nearest Source/ Receiver Distance (Approximately 90 feet) Typical Source/ Receiver Distance (Approximately 400 feet) Nearest Source/ Receiver Distance (Approximately 120 feet) Typical Source/ Receiver Distance (Approximately 500 feet) Demolition 85 78 87 78 84 76 Site Preparation 84 77 87 77 83 75 Grading 85 79 87 79 84 77 Building Construction 78 74 76 75 76 72 Paving 81 73 83 73 79 71 Architectural Coating 76 65 74 66 72 63 Source: Appendix F. Notes: Leq = equivalent noise level; dBA = A-weighted decibel. 14657 107 MAY 2023 The City has set operational restrictions to control noise impacts associated with construction. According to Section 18-63(b)(7), Construction or Repairing of Buildings or Structures, of the City’s Zoning and Development Code (City of Fontana 2022b), “The erection (including excavating) demolition, alteration or repair of any building or structure other than between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays except in the case of urgent necessity.” Although the City limits the hours of construction activity, it does not specifically address construction noise limits. Based on the Construction Noise Model analysis, sensitive residential receivers would be exposed to construction noise both during the relatively brief period in which construction would be focused near the project’s boundaries and during the more typical periods of construction in which activities would be located around the project site both near and far relative to the nearest receivers. The construction activities that would occur on-site would be similar to those anticipated by the SWIP SP PEIR, which disclosed that construction within the SWIP SP area could expose sensitive receptors to high-noise levels. As mentioned previously, the project would be located within the SWIP and, as such, would be required to comply with the mitigation measures contained in the SWIP SP PEIR (see end of this noise discussion). Implementation of mitigation measures, including MM-4.7-1a and MM-4.7-1b from the SWIP SP PEIR, would minimize noise levels from construction activities at residences in the immediate vicinity of the project site. .Accordingly, the project would not result in any new or more severe impacts from construction noise than previously disclosed in the SWIP SP PEIR. Long-Term Operational Noise Project-Generated On-Site Operation Noise The project-related operational noise sources are expected to include idling trucks, delivery truck activities, backup alarms, loading and unloading of dry goods, rooftop air conditioning units, and parking lot vehicle movements. The following analysis evaluates noise from these on-site operation noise sources. The analysis is based upon in-house spreadsheets, which incorporate standard industry calculations for the sum of noise from multiple sources, outdoor attenuation with distance from the noise source(s), and attenuation from barrier placement between source(s) and receiver(s). Outdoor Mechanical Equipment The proposed warehouse space overall would not be served by heating or air conditioning equipment. However, the floor plan includes an office space at the southeast corner of the building. The proposed office area and mezzanine on the Site Plan is indicated to have floor area of approximately 3,000 square feet each. Based on similar size offices in this region, it is anticipated that the office / mezzanine space would be equipped with two 4-ton package HVAC units. For the analysis of noise from HVAC equipment operation, a York Model ZF-048 package HVAC unit was used as a reference. Noise level data provided by the manufacturer was used to determine the noise levels that would be generated by each of the HVAC package units. The York Model ZF-048 package HVAC unit has a sound power rating of 80 dBA (Johnson Controls 2015). Based on the warehouse roof design information provided, there will be a 6-foot high parapet extending along the perimeter of the roof. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 108 MAY 2023 Assuming all the equipment is operating simultaneously for a minimum period of 1 hour, the worst-case calculated noise level at each property line is presented in Table 3.13-4. The calculation was performed at the worst-case location of each of the four subject property lines—that is, the closest distance between the proposed office location, and the adjacent property line (near the easterly property boundaries at the north and south sides, respectively, and near the northerly property boundaries at the west and east sides, respectively), to ensure that the shortest distance from equipment to property line was examined. The results of these calculations are also presented in Table 3.13-4. The maximum hourly noise level for all the HVAC equipment operating at each examined point along the property would range from approximately 13 to 31 dBA Leq, which is substantially less than the City of Fontana’s Code of Ordinances (City of Fontana 2022c) noise standard of 65 dBA Leq and is also well below the measured ambient noise levels in the Project area. Assuming the office area were to be occupied from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., the resulting CNEL value was calculated and is also reported in Table 3.13-4. Project-related noise levels from HVAC operation at each of the property lines for the Project would remain well below the 65 dBA CNEL recommended for noise-sensitive uses under the City’s Noise Element Policy criteria (City of Fontana 2018c). The noise level calculation spreadsheets for the HVAC package units are included in Appendix F. Table 3.13-4. Mechanical Equipment Operation Noise Summary of Results Equipment Noise Level at Property Boundary Property Line Average Noise Level (dBA Leq) CNEL1 HVAC North, near east corner 20 18 HVAC South, near east corner 31 29 HVAC East, near north corner 25 23 HVAC West, near north corner 13 11 Source: Appendix F. Notes: dBA = A-weighted decibel; Leq = equivalent noise level; CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level; HVAC = heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. 1 Assumes 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. operation of an air conditioning unit for office occupancy. The results of the mechanical equipment operations noise analysis indicate that the project would comply with the City Noise Ordinance, as well as Fontana Noise Element Policy Criteria. Mechanical equipment operation would result in noise at the project site property boundaries that are in each case well below the residential exposure limit of 65 dBA Leq (City Noise Ordinance) and 65 dBA CNEL (Fontana Noise Element). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 109 MAY 2023 Parking Lot Activity A comprehensive study of noise levels associated with surface parking lots was published in the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management (Baltrënas et.al, 2004). The study found that average noise levels during the peak period of use of the parking lot (generally in the morning with arrival of commuters, and in the evening with the departure of commuters), was 47 dBA at 1 meter (3.28 feet) from the outside boundary of the parking lot. The parking area would function as an area source for noise, which means that noise would attenuate at a rate of 3 dBA with each doubling of distance. Most of the employee parking is proposed to be situated on the east side of the warehouse building, no closer than 20 feet from the property line of the project site. Employee parking would also be located elsewhere on-site, but the other parking areas would be further away from the project boundaries. At a distance of 20 feet, parking lot noise levels would be approximately 39 dBA Leq at the eastern property line. Combining the parking lot noise (39 dBA Leq) and loudest HVAC equipment level (13 dBA Leq at the eastern property boundary), the combined noise level would be 39 dBA Leq, which is still well below the City’s residential exposure limit of 65 dBA Leq. Even if the parking lot noise levels were to average 39 dBA Leq each hour between 8:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m., and combining this with hourly noise of 13 dBA Leq for the HVAC noise, the noise level at the project site’s noisiest boundary (the southern property line) would not be greater than approximately 38 dBA CNEL. This combined level is well below the maximum recommended exterior noise exposure level for residences (65 dBA CNEL, Fontana Noise Element). It is also well below the ambient noise level of approximately 74 dBA CNEL measured in the project area (at receiver LT1). Truck Loading Dock Activity The parking lot study (Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management [Baltrënas et.al 2004]) also examined noise levels associated with cargo truck delivery activity. The study concluded that average noise levels from truck loading/unloading areas was 96 dBA at 1 meter (3.28 feet) from the boundary of the truck activity area. Truck loading docks are located not closer than 170 feet from the northern and southern property lines, 135 feet from the western property line and 325 feet from the eastern property line. Using the outdoor attenuation rate of 6 dBA with each doubling of distance, truck loading activity along the northern and southern property boundaries from truck loading activity would average 62 dBA Leq. Substantial acoustical shielding would be provided by the building structure’s “flanks” or wings along the northern and southern property boundaries, because the loading dock would be located on the interior “courtyard” of the 40-foot-high structure. The resultant loading dock noise along the nearest (northern and southern) property boundaries would be approximately 37 dBA Leq. Similarly, the loading dock noise would be substantially shielded to the east by the proposed warehouse building, and to the west by the proposed 8.0-foot-high concrete boundary wall. The closest residence to the truck loading docks is approximately 125 feet from the southern property boundary, or 325 feet from the truck loading docks; at 325 feet, the noise level from the truck loading dock operations would be approximately 56 dBA Leq at the residence to the south. As discussed above, the structure of the proposed building would provide substantial noise reduction, such that the resultant loading dock noise would be approximately 32 dBA Leq. At the next-nearest residences, located to the east, the truck loading dock noise would be lower because of the additional distance and/or because of additional noise reduction from intervening buildings, as discussed above. Consequently, noise generated by truck loading operations would not exceed the 65 dBA Leq threshold set forth by the City Noise Ordinance. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 110 MAY 2023 If the loading dock average noise levels were to occur continually throughout a 24-hour day/evening/nighttime cycle, the loading dock noise level would be approximately 39 dBA CNEL at the worst-case residence to the south. In summary, the project would have operational noise levels well below the City Noise Element policy exterior noise criterion of 65 dBA CNEL at the property line of the project site and at the closest residences. In comparison to the measured 24-hour ambient noise measurement (LT1) of 74 dBA CNEL as previously discussed, the operational noise would be well below the existing ambient noise levels in the project area, and the project’s contribution to the noise environment would be negligible. Operational noise levels from parking lot activity and HVAC operation (combined) would be well below City noise thresholds. Therefore, no new or more severe with on-site project-generated operational noise impacts would occur, and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. Project-Generated Off-Site Traffic Noise Roadway Noise The project would result in the addition of vehicle trips that would increase traffic noise. A potentially significant project impact would occur where project traffic would increase noise levels from below 65 decibels (dB) CNEL to above 65 dB CNEL (where noise-sensitive land uses exist adjacent to the identified roadway segment) or where project traffic would increase noise levels from below 70 dB CNEL to above 70 dB CNEL (for roadway segments within industrial zones). In addition, where existing roadway noise levels are less than 60 dBA CNEL, a 5-dBA CNEL increase would be considered significant; where existing roadway noise is in the range 60–65 dBA CNEL, an increase of 3 dBA CNEL would be significant; and where roadway traffic noise is already in excess of 65 dBA CNEL, a 1.5-dBA CNEL increase would be significant. Acoustical calculations (using the Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Noise Model [v. 2.5] [FHWA 2004]) were performed for the following scenarios: existing and existing plus project. The existing roadway traffic volumes were obtained from the project’s Transportation Technical Memorandum (Appendix F). The modeling calculations take into account the posted vehicle speed, average daily traffic volume, anticipated trip distribution and the estimated vehicle mix. Table 3.13-5 presents the noise level results for each scenario. Table 3.13-5. Traffic Noise Levels for Local Roadways Under Existing and Existing plus Project Scenarios (dBA CNEL) Street Segment Existing Existing + Project Difference Almond Avenue, near project site 66.2 66.4 0.2 Santa Ana Avenue, near project site 67.5 67.9 0.4 Source: Appendix F. Notes: dBA = A-weighted decibel; CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 111 MAY 2023 With regard to the traffic noise analysis results presented in Table 3.13-5, traffic noise along Almond Avenue is anticipated to increase by 0.2 dB (i.e., well under 1 dB), and overall noise levels would continue to have traffic noise exposure levels above 65 dBA CNEL. Santa Ana Avenue would also continue to have traffic noise exposure levels above 65 dBA CNEL, with a project-related increase of 0.4 dB; however, project traffic noise contributions along these roadway segments would be less than 1 dB, indicating that project added traffic would have an imperceptible increase to roadway traffic noise levels. The project would therefore not create or contribute to a significant traffic-related noise impact. Therefore, long-term impacts associated with operational noise levels would be less than significant and no new or more severe long-term impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project result in generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that construction activities associated with the SWIP SP could potentially expose sensitive receptors to sporadic, high vibration levels. However, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with implementation of SWIP SP PEIR MM-4.7-1a and MM-4.7-1b (previously described under Section 3.1[a]), the SWIP SP would generate less-than-significant groundborne vibration or groundborne noise during construction activities. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The main concern associated with groundborne vibration is annoyance; however, in extreme cases, vibration can cause damage to buildings, particularly those that are old or otherwise fragile. Some common sources of groundborne vibration are trains and construction activities such as blasting, pile-driving, and heavy earth-moving equipment. The primary source of groundborne vibration occurring as part of the project is construction activity. According to Caltrans, D-8 and D-9 Caterpillars, earthmovers, and trucks have not exceeded 0.10 inches/second peak particle velocity at 10 feet. Since the closest off-site residence is located not closer than 70 feet, vibration from construction activities at the closest sensitive receiver would not exceed the significance threshold of 0.20 inches/second peak particle velocity. Vibration-sensitive instruments and operations may require special consideration during construction. Vibration criteria for sensitive equipment and operations are not defined and are often case specific. As a guide, major construction activity within 200 feet and pile driving within 600 feet may be potentially disruptive to vibration-sensitive operations (Caltrans 2020). There are no known vibration-sensitive facilities within 200 feet of the project, and pile driving would not be employed in project construction. Therefore, project construction would not result in a significant impact associated with groundborne vibration. Therefore, impacts associated with vibration levels would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 112 MAY 2023 c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that people residing or working within the SWIP SP area would not be exposed to excessive aircraft noise levels from operations at the Ontario International Airport (located approximately 11 miles to the west of the SWIP SP area). Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that a less-than-significant impact would occur. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located approximately 5 miles east of Ontario International Airport, is within the Airport Influence Area of Ontario International Airport and is within the 65–70 dBA CNEL aircraft noise contour zone (City of Ontario 2011). However, the project is a warehouse type use and would not introduce new noise-sensitive receivers (such as residential) into the project area. During construction, workers would be in a high-noise area and would have personal protective equipment as necessary and, thus, would not be exposed to excessive noise levels from the airport. Therefore, this is considered to be no impact and is not addressed further. Therefore, impacts associated with public airport and private airstrip noise would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to noise to be to be implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum: MM-4.7-2a No new industrial facilities shall be constructed within 160 feet of any existing sensitive land use property line without the preparation of a dedicated noise analysis. This analysis shall document the nature of the industrial facility as well as “noise producing” operations associated with that facility. Furthermore, the analysis shall document the placement of any existing or proposed noise-sensitive land uses situated within the 160-foot distance. The analysis shall determine the potential noise levels that could be received at these sensitive land uses and specify very specific measures to be employed by the industrial facility to ensure that these levels do not exceed those City noise requirements of 65 dBA CNEL. Such measures could include, but are not limited to, the use of enclosures for noisy pieces of equipment, the use of noise walls and/or berms for exterior equipment and/or on-site truck operations, and/or restrictions on hours of operations. No development permits or approval of land use applications shall be issued until the noted acoustic analysis is received and approved by the City Staff. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 113 MAY 2023 The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to noise to be implemented following project approval: MM-4.7-1a The following measures shall be implemented when construction is to be conducted within 500 feet of any sensitive structures or has the potential to disrupt classroom activities or religious functions. ▪ The City shall restrict noise intensive construction activities to the days and hours specified under Section 18-63 of the City of Fontana Municipal Code. These days and hours shall also apply any servicing of equipment and to the delivery of materials to or from the site. ▪ All construction equipment shall be equipped with mufflers and sound control devices (e.g., intake silencers and noise shrouds) no less effective than those provided on the original equipment and no equipment shall have an un-muffled exhaust. ▪ The City shall require that the contractor maintain and tune-up all construction equipment to minimize noise emissions. ▪ Stationary equipment shall be placed so as to maintain the greatest possible distance to the sensitive use structures. ▪ All equipment servicing shall be performed so as to maintain the greatest possible distance to the sensitive use structures. ▪ If construction noise does prove to be detrimental to the learning environment, the City shall allow for a temporary waiver thereby allowing construction on Weekends and/or holidays in those areas where this construction is to be performed in excess of 500 feet from any residential structures. ▪ The construction contractor shall provide an on-site name and telephone number of a contact person. Construction hours, allowable workdays, and the phone number of the job superintendent shall be clearly posted at all construction entrances to allow for surrounding owners and residents to contact the job superintendent. If the City or the job superintendent receives a complaint, the superintendent shall investigate, take appropriate corrective action, and report the action taken to the reporting party. In the event that construction noise is intrusive to an educational process, the construction liaison will revise the construction schedule to preserve the learning environment. MM-4.7-1b Should potential future development facilitated by the project require off-site import/export of fill material during construction, trucks shall utilize a route that is least disruptive to sensitive receptors, preferably major roadways (Interstate 10, Interstate 15, SR-66, Sierra Avenue, Beech Avenue, Jurupa Avenue, and Slover Avenue). Construction trucks should, to the extent practical, avoid the weekday and Saturday a.m. and p.m. peak hours (7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 114 MAY 2023 3.14 Population and Housing New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XIV. POPULATION AND HOUSING – Would the project: a) Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? b) Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? a) Would the project induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the SWIP SP would be a growth-inducing project due to the following factors: development of infrastructure improvements that would provide additional capacity necessary to support development within the SWIP SP area; the creation of 39,416 new employment positions that would foster economic expansion and growth within the City of Fontana; and direct growth in the City’s population due to the potential for future employees (and their families) to relocate to the City of Fontana. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded the SWIP SP would result in a significant and unavoidable impact related to growth inducement. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would require a temporary construction workforce and a permanent operational workforce, both of which could potentially induce population growth in the project area. The temporary workforce would be needed to construct the project. The number of construction workers needed during any given period would largely depend on the specific stage of construction but will likely fluctuate between a few and several dozen workers on a daily basis. Because the future tenant is not yet known, the number of jobs that the project would generate cannot be precisely determined. Thus, for purposes of analysis, employment estimates are calculated using average employment density factors reported by SCAG in their publication Employment Density Study. SCAG reports Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 115 MAY 2023 that for every 1,195 square feet of warehouse space in San Bernardino County, the average numbers of jobs supported is one employee (SCAG 2001). The project would encompass 158,144 square feet, including warehouse and office space and, as such, the estimated number of employees required for operation would be approximately 132 people. According to the SCAG Demographics and Growth Forecast (appendix to the Connect SoCal 2020–2045 RTP/SCS [SCAG 2020a]), employment in the City is anticipated to grow from 56,700 in 2016 to 75,100 in 2045 (SCAG 2020b). The project-related increase in employment would be minimal in comparison to the anticipated increase in the Demographics and Growth Forecast. Overall, the project’s temporary and permanent employment requirements would very likely be met by the City’s existing labor force without people needing to relocate into the project region. The project would not stimulate population growth or a population concentration above what is assumed in local and regional land use plans. Therefore, impacts associated with population growth would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined the SWIP SP would not result in any direct impacts to existing residences located within the SWIP SP area that would necessitate construction of replacement housing. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded impacts in this regard would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site currently contains industrial land uses (primarily home-based trucking and heavy equipment businesses), including two single-family residential structures. However, the owners of these properties have previously entered into voluntary purchase agreements with the applicant and have voluntarily vacated the project site. Given that the City has an estimated vacancy rate of 2.5%, equating to approximately 1,412 vacant dwelling units as of May 2022 (DOF 2022), the former residents living on the project site have access to new housing in or around the project area. Therefore, impacts associated with the displacement of housing or people would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 116 MAY 2023 3.15 Public Services New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XV. PUBLIC SERVICES a) Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services: Fire protection? Police protection? Schools? Parks? Other public facilities? a) Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services: Fire protection? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP would increase the need for fire protection and emergency medical services within the SWIP SP area. However, all future development projects located within the SWIP SP area would be required to pay the City’s Development Fee, and the SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.8-2a through MM-4.8-2c (which are policy-level actions that fall under the City’s responsibility) to ensure that acceptable fire protection resources, service ratios, and response times are met. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that, with payment of development impact fees and implementation of the required mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts regarding fire protection services. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Fire protection and emergency response services are provided by the FFD, which is part of the San Bernardino County Fire Department. The FFD operates six fire stations, with Station 74 (11500 Live Oak Avenue) located approximately 1 mile southeast from the project site (FFD 2022). Based on the proximity of the project site to the existing FFD facilities, the average response times in the project area, and the fact that the project site is already located within FFD’s service area, the project could be adequately served by the FFD without the construction of new, or the expansion of existing, facilities. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 117 MAY 2023 Additionally, the project would neither directly nor indirectly induce unplanned population growth in the City, and the proposed land use and activities are not expected to result in an increase in calls for service to the project site in comparison to the existing conditions. Overall, it is anticipated that the project would be adequately served by existing FFD facilities, equipment, and personnel. Therefore, impacts associated with FFD facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Police protection? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP would increase the need for police protection services within the SWIP SP area. However, all future development projects located within the SWIP SP area would be required to pay the City’s Development Fee, and the SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.8-1a through MM-4.8-1i (which are policy-level actions that fall under the City’s responsibility) to ensure that acceptable police protection resources, service ratios, and response times are met. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with payment of development impact fees and implementation of the required mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts regarding police protection services. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Police protection services are provided by the Fontana Police Department (FPD). The FPD operates out of its headquarters located at 17005 Upland Avenue, roughly 4.6 miles northeast of the project site. Per the FPD, average response time in the greater project area for Priority 1 (emergency) calls is 7 minutes 18 seconds (FPD 2022). Similar to fire protection services, the project site is already within the service area of the FPD, and once operational, the project would continue to be served by the FPD. Further, the project would not directly or indirectly induce unplanned population growth in the City, and the proposed land use and activities are not expected to result in an increase in calls for service to the project site in comparison to the existing conditions. Overall, it is anticipated that the project would be adequately served by existing FPD facilities, equipment, and personnel. Therefore, impacts associated with FPD facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Schools? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP could increase the demand for public school services. However, all future development projects located within the SWIP SP area would be required to pay the applicable school district development impact fee, and the SWIP SP PEIR Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 118 MAY 2023 included MM-4.8-3a through MM-4.8-3f (which are policy-level actions that fall under the City’s responsibility) to ensure that acceptable public school resources are available. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with payment of development impact fees and implementation of the required mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts regarding public school services. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would not directly or indirectly induce unplanned population growth in the City. The number of employees hired to construct and operate the project would be minimal and would likely already reside within the broader project area. As such, it is not anticipated that people would relocate to the City as a result of the project, and thus, an increase in school-age children requiring public education is not expected to occur. Nonetheless, similar to other development projects in the City, the project would be subject to SB 50, which requires the payment of mandatory impact fees to offset any impact to school services or facilities, as also required by MM-4.8-3d from the SWIP SP PEIR. In accordance with SB 50 and MM-4.8-3d, the project applicant would pay its fair share of impact fees based on the square footage of new industrial development (currently $0.66 per square foot [FUSD 2022]). These impact fees are required of most residential, commercial, and industrial development projects in the City. Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with school facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Parks? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP could attract new residents to the City of Fontana that would increase the demand for parks and recreation facilities in the City. The SWIP SP does not propose any new neighborhood and community park facilities nor does it propose any development that would directly contribute park development impact fees to the City (i.e., residential); therefore, existing recreational facilities within the City would be accessed by new residents indirectly generated by the SWIP SP without the addition of new revenue sources to offset the potential deterioration of such facilities. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future park and recreational facility impacts resulting from future development associated with the SWIP SP would be significant and unavoidable. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.8-5a through MM-4.8-5g (which are policy-level actions that fall under the City’s responsibility) to ensure the City achieves park design requirements and parkland standards in other areas of the City; nevertheless, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts would be significant and unavoidable after mitigation. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.16(a) and Section 3.16(b). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 119 MAY 2023 Other public facilities? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that future industrial, commercial, and office development associated with the SWIP SP would create substantial employment opportunities within the SWIP SP area, which could, in turn, lead to a population increase within the City and an associated increase in demand for library facilities. However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP would not significantly increase the demand for library services to the extent that would require construction of additional library facilities. Additionally, library facility impact fees would be imposed on future development projects within the SWIP SP area that would fund improvements to the library system. The SWIP SP PEIR also included MM-4.8-4a (which is a policy-level action that falls under the City’s responsibility) to pursue opportunities for additional library resources. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with payment of library facility impact fees and implementation of mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts to library facilities. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Given the lack of population growth that would result from the project, it is unlikely that the project would increase the use of libraries and other public facilities. However, the project applicant would still be required to pay their fair share of development impact fees to help offset incremental impacts to libraries by helping fund capital improvements and expenditures. Therefore, impacts associated with other public facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to public services to be implemented following project approval: MM-4.8-3d The City shall continue to withhold building permits until verification that applicable school fees have been collected by the appropriate school district. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 120 MAY 2023 3.16 Recreation New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XVI. RECREATION a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP could attract new residents to the City of Fontana that would increase the demand for parks and recreation facilities in the City. The SWIP SP does not propose any new neighborhood and community park facilities nor does the SWIP SP propose any development that would directly contribute park development impact fees to the City (i.e., residential); therefore, existing recreational facilities within the City would be accessed by new residents indirectly generated by the SWIP SP without the addition of new revenue sources to offset the potential deterioration of such facilities. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future park and recreational facility impacts resulting from future development associated with the SWIP SP would be significant and unavoidable. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.8-5a through MM-4.8-5g (which are policy-level actions that fall under the City’s responsibility) to ensure the City achieves park design requirements and parkland standards in other areas of the City; nevertheless, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts would be significant and unavoidable after mitigation. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project consists of the construction and operation of an industrial/warehouse building. Neither the construction nor the operation of the project would generate new permanent residents that would increase the use of existing parks and recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of recreational facilities would occur or be accelerated. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 121 MAY 2023 Therefore, impacts associated with recreational facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP could attract new residents to the City of Fontana that would increase the demand for parks and recreation facilities in the City. The SWIP SP does not propose any new neighborhood and community park facilities nor does the SWIP SP propose any development that would directly contribute park development impact fees to the City (i.e., residential); therefore, existing recreational facilities within the City would be accessed by new residents indirectly generated by the SWIP SP without the addition of new revenue sources to offset the potential deterioration of such facilities. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future park and recreational facility impacts resulting from future development associated with the SWIP SP would be significant and unavoidable. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.8-5a through MM-4.8-5g (which are policy-level actions that fall under the City’s responsibility) to ensure the City achieves park design requirements and parkland standards in other areas of the City; nevertheless, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts would be significant and unavoidable after mitigation. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project consists of the construction and operation of an industrial/warehouse building. Neither the construction nor the operation of the project would generate new permanent residents that would increase the use of existing parks and recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of recreational facilities would occur or be accelerated. Therefore, impacts associated with recreational facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 122 MAY 2023 3.17 Transportation New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XVII. TRANSPORTATION – Would the project: a) Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities? b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)? c) Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? d) Result in inadequate emergency access? a) Would the project conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the addition of traffic from the SWIP SP would cause 9 roadway segments and 19 deficient intersections within the study area to operate deficiently (“Existing with Project” traffic analysis scenario). However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that upon implementation of SWIP SP PEIR MM- 4.9-1a through MM-4.9-1cc—which include a range of new roadway improvements, including roadway widenings, signalizations, and intersection improvements—the study area intersections and roadway segments would operate at a satisfactory LOS. Notwithstanding, because the majority of the recommended improvements were either unfunded or only partially funded at the time the SWIP SP was approved, and two of the recommendations are situated outside of the City of Fontana’s jurisdiction, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded the implementation of these improvements could not be assured and, therefore, impacts would be significant and unavoidable in the short term. The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that, under long-term conditions, the addition of trips from the SWIP SP would contribute to deficient operations at 10 roadway segments and 19 intersections within the study area (“2030 with Project” traffic analysis scenario). However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that upon implementation of SWIP SP PEIR MM-4.9-1dd through MM-4.9-1ll—which include a range of new roadway improvements, including roadway widenings, signalizations, and intersection improvements—the study area intersections and roadway segments would operate at a satisfactory LOS. Notwithstanding, because the majority of the recommended improvements were either unfunded or only partially funded at the time the SWIP SP was approved, and two of the recommendations are situated outside of the City of Fontana’s jurisdiction, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded the implementation of these improvements could not be assured, and therefore impacts, would be significant and unavoidable. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 123 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The State of California has specifically prohibited the use of congestion-based transportation analysis (i.e., LOS) for CEQA purposes (see Citizens for Positive Growth & Preservation v City of Sacramento, 43 Cal. App. 5th 609 (2019)). Accordingly, for CEQA purposes, this section analyzes the project per City of Fontana Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) Guidelines for Vehicle Miles Traveled and Level of Service Assessment (City of Fontana 2020). While no longer needed to reduce potential impacts under CEQA, consistent with MM-4.9-1mm from the SWIP SP PEIR, the City will still coordinate with the project applicant to identify traffic improvements outlined in the SWIP SP PEIR that the applicant may have to implement as a condition of the approval, either through direct construction by the applicant and/or through development impact fees. The project would construct an approximately 158,144 square feet (inclusive of 9,000 square feet of mezzanine/office spaces), one-story industrial/warehouse facility on an approximately 6.46-acre property located in the Slover West Industrial District of the SWIP Specific Plan area in the southern part of the City. The project would be accessed via one driveway off Santa Ana Avenue and two driveways off Almond Avenue. A detailed analysis of project’s trip generation, summary of driveway counts and existing trip generation of currently operational on-site uses, and the net new trip generation for daily and peak hour conditions is provided in Appendix G, Trip Generation and Vehicle Miles Travel (VMT) Screening Analysis for the NWC Santa Ana and Almond Avenue Warehouse, technical memorandum prepared by Dudek. Table 3.17-1 provides a summary of net new trip generation estimates for the project based on ITE’s Trip Generation, 11th Edition, for Warehousing use (ITE Code 150) and trip rate of 1.71 trips per thousand square foot. The net new trip generation estimate was developed by taking an existing use trip credit for the trips associated with the uses that are currently operational and generate daily and peak-hour trips and comparing that to trip generation estimates for the project based on ITE’s Trip Generation, 11th Edition, for Warehousing use (ITE Code 150). Traffic counts were collected for 24 hours at the four driveways identified on the project site on Thursday, March 17, 2022. This approach allows the analysis to capture the difference between the existing conditions and the proposed project. As shown in Table 3.17-1, the proposed project would generate approximately 46 fewer daily trips, with 6 net new trips in the AM peak hour, and 1 net new trip in the PM peak hour. Adjusting for PCE, the trip generation is approximately 111 fewer daily PCE trips, 11 net new AM PCE peak hour trips and 9 fewer PM PCE peak hour trips. Table 3.17-1. Net New Trip Generation Summary Land Use Daily Trips AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour In Out Total In Out Total Proposed Project Trip Generation Passenger Cars 187 14 5 19 5 15 20 Trucks 84 6 2 8 2 6 8 Total Non PCE Trips 271 20 7 27 8 21 29 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 124 MAY 2023 Table 3.17-1. Net New Trip Generation Summary Land Use Daily Trips AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour In Out Total In Out Total Trucks (PCE) 226 17 5 22 6 17 23 Total Trips (PCE) 413 31 10 41 12 32 42 Existing Trip Generation Passenger Cars 194 8 7 15 7 6 13 Trucks 122 3 3 6 11 3 14 Total Non PCE Trips 316 11 10 21 18 9 27 Trucks (PCE) 330 8 7 15 31 9 40 Total Trips (PCE) 524 16 14 30 38 15 53 Net New Trip Generation (Proposed – Existing) Net New Passenger Cars -7 6 -2 4 -2 9 7 Net New Trucks -38 3 -1 2 -9 3 -6 Net New Non PCE Trips -45 9 -3 6 -11 12 1 Net New Trucks (PCE) -104 10 -2 8 -25 8 -17 Net New Total Trips (PCE) -111 15 -4 11 -26 17 -9 Notes: PCE = passenger car equivalent; Some of the totals may not match exactly due to rounding. As shown in the trip generation analysis of the project, the trip generation of the SWIP SP PEIR Equivalent Land use is significantly higher when compared to the trip generation potential of the project. As such, it can be concluded that the SWIP Project Traffic Analysis prepared in 2011 (which included a higher trip generation rate for the project site) and corresponding circulation related impacts adequately addressed the project’s transportation impacts, and no further analysis is required. Therefore, impacts associated with programs, plans, ordinances, and policies addressing the circulation system would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: This threshold related to congestion management program has been replaced by section 15064.3 subdivision (b) and the analysis is provided below. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact. The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research prepared a comprehensive update to the CEQA Guidelines in 2017 that was approved by the California Natural Resources Agency in December 2018, requiring that lead agencies use VMT for analyzing transportation impacts (OPR 2018). CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3 states that “generally, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is the most appropriate measure of transportation impacts,” and define VMT as “the amount and distance of automobile travel attributable to a project.” Note that “automobile” refers to on-road passenger vehicles, Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 125 MAY 2023 specifically cars and light trucks. Heavy-duty truck VMT does not need to be included in the analysis, per Senate Bill 743 requirements. Other relevant considerations may include the effects of the project on transit and non-motorized traveled. Per City of Fontana’s TIA Guidelines (City of Fontana 2020), if a project generates fewer than 500 net daily trips (non-PCE), it is deemed to not cause a substantial increase in the total citywide or regional VMT, and is therefore presumed to have a less-than-significant impact on VMT. Substantial evidence in support of the 500 daily trip threshold is documented in Appendix B, City of Fontana Senate Bill 743 Small Project Testing, of the City guidelines (City of Fontana 2020). As noted in Table 3, the proposed project would generate 271 daily trips. By applying existing use credit of 316 daily trips, the proposed project would result in 46 fewer non-PCE daily trips. Therefore, the proposed project would not exceed the City’s 500 ADT screening threshold. Therefore, the project would result in a less-than-significant impact for VMT; no further VMT analysis would be required. c) Would the project substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any safety hazards related to a design feature or land use proposed by the SWIP SP and determined that impacts would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would include improvements to Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue along the project’s street frontage. Other improvements include a front and landscape setback and a new sidewalk along property frontage. Access to the project site would be provided by three full-access driveways: one driveway on the southern portion of the site on Santa Avenue and two driveways on the eastern portion of the site on Almond Avenue. The first driveway would be a 40-foot-wide truck driveway at the northwestern corner of the project site, providing access to the proposed vehicle parking lot and truck court; the second driveway would be a 30-foot-wide passenger vehicle driveway along Almond Avenue providing access to the employee parking lot; the third driveway would be a 40-foot-wide passenger vehicle driveway at the southeastern corner of the site providing fire access and to the employee parking lots. Despite these proposed improvements, the project does not propose any substantial changes to roadway or intersection geometry. All improvements within the public right-of-way are required to comply with standards set forth by the City to ensure that the project does not introduce an incompatible design feature that would impede operations on Santa Ana Avenue, Almond Avenue, and/or any other roadway. Under the existing conditions, no sidewalks exist along the project site’s frontage along Santa Ana Avenue or Almond Avenue. As such, given that the project will construct these improvements, pedestrian connectivity along these streets will be improved. In addition, to avoid potential conflicts between pedestrians and passenger vehicles and trucks entering and exiting the project site, the City, as part of their standard review process, requires that line-of-sight calculations and drawings be provided by the Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 126 MAY 2023 project applicant to confirm that project driveways are designed and constructed to allow for maximum periphery visibility for drivers as they enter and exit the property. Therefore, impacts associated with hazardous design features would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. d) Would the project result in inadequate emergency access? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify substantial adverse impacts related to inadequate emergency access. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that potential impacts to emergency access caused by construction activities associated with the SWIP SP would be addressed through the required implementation of a traffic management plan, which would reduce impacts to less than significant. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the improvements proposed by the SWIP SP would be implemented in a manner that would improve local circulation and emergency access, and, therefore, impacts would be less than significant. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Emergency access to the project site would be provided by one driveway off Santa Ana Avenue and two driveways off Almond Avenue. The project driveways would be designed and constructed according to City standards under the direction of a licensed and qualified engineer. Similarly, the parking areas and internal drive aisles have been designed to comply with width, clearance, and turning-radius requirements set forth by the City, which would ensure that all areas on the project site would be accessible to emergency responders during both project construction and operation. Therefore, impacts associated with emergency access would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to transportation to be implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum: MM-4.9-1mm Prior to issuance of a grading permit, applicants for future development associated with the project shall prepare site-specific traffic studies, to the satisfaction of the City’s Engineering Department. As determined by these subsequent traffic studies, traffic improvements identified as mitigation measures in this Program EIR shall be implemented as a condition of the approved future development project, either through direct construction by the project applicant and/or through development impact fees. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 127 MAY 2023 3.18 Tribal Cultural Resources New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XVIII. TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is: a) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or b) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1? In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is: a) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k)? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address this subject, the SWIP SP PEIR disclosed all recorded historical resources in the SWIP SP area and identified the potential for discovery of historic and archaeological resources during earth moving construction activity. MM-4.4-a through MM-4.4-2c were included in the SWIP SP PEIR to reduce impacts to historical and archaeological resources to a level below significance. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 128 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Consistent with MM-4.4-2a from the SWIP SP PEIR, cultural resources background research and a records search were conducted (Appendix C). The records searches conducted at the South Central Coastal Information Center indicated that no previously recorded prehistoric, historic, or tribal cultural resources are located within or adjacent to the project site. One historic built environmental resource was located along the northwest edge of the project site. The single-family property was constructed in 1945 and has been altered since its original construction. According to the record for this resource, it has been deemed historically insignificant and ineligible for the National Register. A review of historical aerial photographs using Google Earth show that the structure was demolished prior to April 2020. Additionally, the project site is located in a highly developed and urbanized part of the City and is currently heavily disturbed by existing development. As such, there is little potential for the inadvertent discovery of subsurface archaeological or other cultural resources materials during earthwork activities. Furthermore, as previously discussed in Section 3.5(a), the existing structures on the project site are not eligible to be considered historic resources. Regardless of age, due to evident and substantial structural changes made to these buildings over the decades, the historical integrity of these properties is no longer intact, and these structures are highly unlikely to be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or California Register of Historical Resources. Lastly, the City’s General Plan Conservation, Open Space, Parks and Trails Chapter, which included an inventory of potentially historic resources within the City, did not identify any on-site buildings, sites, features, places, or cultural landscapes within the project site (City of Fontana 2018b). Consistent with MM-4.4-1a from the SWIP SP PEIR, only if there is evidence that suggests the potential for historic resources on the project site are additional field surveys, research, and evaluation warranted. In this case, based on the aforementioned evidence, such subsequent assessment is not required. Notwithstanding, in the unlikely event that unanticipated historical resources or human resources are encountered before or during grading, the developer shall retain a qualified archaeologist to monitor construction activities and to take appropriate measures to protect or preserve them for study, consistent with MM-4.4-1b in the SWIP SP PEIR. Implementation of MM-4.4-1b from the SWIP SP PEIR would ensure that impacts associated with historical resources would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Therefore, impacts associated with historic resources would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1? In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. SWIP SP PEIR Finding: Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address this subject, the SWIP SP PEIR contained sufficient information related to the SWIP SP’s cultural setting to conclude that there was the potential for tribal cultural resources to be located within the SWIP SP area. However, with implementation of mitigation (MM- 4.4-a through MM-4.4-2c), impacts would be less than significant. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 129 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Consistent with MM-4.4-2a, cultural resources background research and a records search was conducted (Appendix C). The records searches conducted at the South Central Coastal Information Center indicated that no previously recorded prehistoric, historic, or tribal cultural resources are located within or adjacent to the project site. The project site is located in a highly developed and urbanized part of the City and is currently heavily disturbed by existing development. As such, there is little potential for the inadvertent discovery of subsurface archaeological or other cultural resources materials during earthwork activities. However, as with all other subsurface construction activity, grading, and other earthwork, there is always a chance— despite the developed condition of the project site—for inadvertent discovery of buried, unrecorded cultural resources, including tribal cultural resources, within the site. Thus, MM-4.4-2b and MM-4.4-2c from the SWIP SP PEIR would be required to minimize impacts related to the inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources, tribal cultural resources, and other types of cultural resources. Therefore, impacts associated with tribal cultural resources would be less than significant with incorporation of mitigation and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to tribal cultural resources: MM-4.4-1a, MM-4.4-1b, MM-4.4-2a, MM-4.4-2b, and MM-4.4-2c (see Section 3.5, Cultural Resources) 3.19 Utilities and Service Systems New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XIX. UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS – Would the project: a) Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects? b) Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry, and multiple dry years? Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 130 MAY 2023 New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis c) Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments? d) Generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals? e) Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? a) Would the project require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that each future development proposal within the SWIP SP area will be reviewed by the City staff, per policy-level mitigation measures in the SWIP SP PEIR, to confirm that utility/infrastructure improvements would be available to serve the project or that improvements planned by the SWIP SP would be installed as part of development. As such, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the SWIP SP would have a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated. Analysis of Project: Water Facilities Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located within the service area of the San Gabriel Valley Water Company, Fontana Water Company Division (FWC). According to FWC’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (FWC 2021), FWC currently obtains water from four different sources: local groundwater basins (Chino Basin, Rialto-Colton Basin, and Lytle Basin), local surface water (Lytle Creek), imported surface water, and recycled water. The Urban Water Management Plan contains existing and projected water supplies and demands for the City during dry-year scenarios. Table 3.19-1 shows projected water supplies during multiple-dry year conditions, which represents worst-case conditions during extended periods of drought when supplies would be reduced. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 131 MAY 2023 Table 3.19-1. Projected Multiple-Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (Acre-Feet) Dry-Year Scenario 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Multiple-Dry Year, First Year Supply Totals 42,886 44,124 45,776 47,447 48,859 Demand Totals 42,886 44,124 45,776 47,447 48,859 Multiple-Dry Year, Second Year Supply Totals 41,415 42,610 44,206 45,820 47,183 Demand Totals 41,415 42,610 44,206 45,820 47,183 Multiple-Dry Year, Third Year Supply Totals 34,074 35,057 36,369 37,697 38,819 Demand Totals 34,074 35,057 36,369 37,697 38,819 Multiple-Dry Year, Fourth Year Supply Totals 34,006 34,987 36,297 37,623 38,742 Demand Totals 34,006 34,987 36,297 37,623 38,742 Multiple-Dry Year, Fifth Year Supply Totals 36,526 37,580 38,987 40,411 41,613 Demand Totals 36,526 37,580 38,987 40,411 41,613 Source: FWC 2021. Once operational, the project would consume water at a rate of approximately 2.13 acre-feet per year, based on FWC water consumption rates (0.33 acre-feet per acre per year for industrial use). Based on the project’s usage rate, the project would represent a nominal percentage of FWC’s present and future water supplies for both single- and multiple-dry-year scenarios. As such, the project’s future water demands would be met through projected future water supplies and would be conveyed and treated via existing infrastructure without the need for new or expanded facilities. Therefore, impacts associated with water facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR; no new mitigation measures are required. Wastewater Treatment Facilities Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The Inland Empire Utilities Agency (IEUA) provides wastewater treatment service throughout the City. The IEUA currently operates four regional wastewater treatment facilities, including Regional Plant (RP) No. 1, RP-4, RP-5, and Carbon Canyon Wastewater Reclamation Facility (IEUA 2022). The City is located within the RP-1 service area. According to the IEUA’s Urban Water Management Plan (IEUA 2022), RP-1 has a rated, permitted treatment capacity of 44 million gallons per day (gpd) and is currently treating an average of 28 million gpd, or only 65% of its capacity (IEUA 2022). Once operational, the project would generate wastewater at a rate of approximately 16,150 gpd, based on wastewater generation rates previously approved by the IEUA (2,500 gpd per acre for industrial use). The amount of wastewater generated by the project would equate to a nominal percentage of RP-1’s additional surplus capacity, representing only a nominal increase in the amount of wastewater treated daily by the wastewater treatment plant. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 132 MAY 2023 Therefore, impacts associated with wastewater treatment facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Stormwater Drainage Facilities Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. A new engineered storm drain system will be constructed on the project site to collect and treat on-site stormwater runoff. On-site stormwater will be collected via a series of inlets and catch basins to an on-site infiltration chamber. All on-site stormwater runoff will be collected and treated on the project site without the need for new or expanded facilities. Therefore, impacts associated with stormwater drainage facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Other Wet and Dry Utilities Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is currently developed and served by some existing utilities, including most wet and dry facilities. However, in most, if not all, instances, these present utilities are not adequately sized to serve the project and, thus, will be upgraded/replaced during project construction. Any improvements required to existing electrical, natural gas, or telecommunications utilities will happen within the project site and will occur as part of the project analyzed herein. As such, any upgrades to existing electrical, natural gas, or telecommunications utilities are already evaluated as part of the overall project, and no additional environmental impacts not already assessed in this document would occur. Therefore, impacts associated with other wet and dry utilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Would the project have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the City would have sufficient water supply to meet the water demands of the SWIP SP in addition to the City’s existing and projected future service obligations with implementation of policy-level mitigation measures in the SWIP SP PEIR. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.19(a). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 133 MAY 2023 c) Would the project result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that existing wastewater treatment facilities could accommodate the SWIP SP’s demand for wastewater treatment services with implementation of policy-level mitigation measures in the SWIP SP PEIR. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.19(a). d) Would the project generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: Solid waste from the SWIP SP area would be disposed at the Mid-Valley Landfill. The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the Mid-Valley Landfill has sufficient capacity to accommodate the solid waste disposal needs of the SWIP SP with implementation of policy-level mitigation measures in the SWIP SP PEIR that are the responsibility of the City. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Solid waste generated in the City is collected and transported by the City’s solid waste removal franchisee, which is permitted and licensed to collect and transport solid waste. Once collected, solid waste is transported to sorting/disposal facilities permitted to accept residential and commercial solid waste, with each facility’s operations routinely inspected by regional and state regulatory agencies for compliance with all applicable statutes and regulations. According to CalEEMod calculations for the project (Appendix A), the project could produce approximately 148.7 tons of solid waste per year, or 0.4 tons per day. Note that these estimates represent a conservative, worst-case scenario and do not include credit for the diversion requirements set forth by AB 939. The City has met the 50% solid waste diversion rate since 2000 (City of Fontana 2022b). Assuming that this diversion rate holds into the future, it is estimated that roughly half of the daily amount of solid waste generated by the project—or approximately 0.26 tons—would require disposal at a permitted landfill facility. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 134 MAY 2023 The nearest permitted and active municipal waste landfill to the project site is the 498-acre (408- disposal-acre) Mid-Valley Landfill in the City of Rialto (CalRecycle 2019). The Mid-Valley Landfill has a permitted throughput of 7,500 tons per day, or more than 2.7 million tons per year. The amount of solid waste produced by the project would represent a nominal percentage of the land facility’s permitted daily throughput and an equally small increase in the amount of solid waste processed at the facility per year. All collection, transportation, and disposal of any solid waste generated by the project would comply with all applicable federal, state, and local statutes and regulations. In particular, AB 939 requires that at least 50% of solid waste generated by a jurisdiction be diverted from landfill disposal through source reduction, recycling, or composting. Cities, counties, and regional agencies are required to develop a waste management plan that would achieve a 50% diversion from landfills (California Public Resources Code, Section 40000 et seq.). As required by existing regulations, any hazardous materials collected on the project site during demolition, construction, or operational activities would be transported and disposed of by a permitted and licensed hazardous materials service provider at a facility permitted to accept such hazardous materials. Therefore, impacts associated with permitted landfill capacity and solid waste statutes and regulations would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. e) Would the project comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that SWIP SP would be in compliance with all state and local requirements related to solid waste, with implementation of policy-level mitigation measures that are the responsibility of the City. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.19(d). Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 135 MAY 2023 3.20 Wildfire New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XX. WILDFIRE – If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project: a) Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire? c) Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment? d) Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes? a) Would the project substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards would occur. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located in a highly developed part of the City outside of an urban–wildland interface. The project site is not located within or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008), and the nearest natural open space area is found more than 1 mile south of the site. Additionally, as discussed in Section 3.9(f), the project would not impair or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 136 MAY 2023 Therefore, the project would result in no impact with regard to an adopted emergency plan or emergency response plan, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, would the project exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards would occur. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. A project could result in an impact related to the exacerbation of wildfire risks if the project was located in or near a state responsibility area or in or near lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, and the project were to result in modifications to climatic, topographic, vegetation, weather conditions, or other factors that subsequently increase the severity of a wildfire. The project site is located in a highly developed part of the City outside of an urban– wildland interface, and the project site is not located within or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008). The nearest natural open space area is located more than 1 mile south of the site. Given the highly developed location of the project area and distance between the project site and nearest natural open space, implementation of the project would not exacerbate wildfire risks. Therefore, the project would result in no impact associated with wildland fire, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. c) Would the project require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines, or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards would occur. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located in a highly developed part of the City and would connect to existing infrastructure (i.e., aboveground and underground utility lines, roads, etc.) located within the immediate vicinity of the project site. The project would require that this existing infrastructure be maintained throughout the life of the project; however, the maintenance Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 137 MAY 2023 of this infrastructure would not exacerbate fire risks because the project site is not located within or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008). The nearest natural open space area is found more than 1 mile south of the site. Given the highly developed location of the project area and distance between the project site and nearest natural open space, implementation of the project would not exacerbate wildfire risks. Therefore, the project would result in no impact with regard to the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure that may exacerbate fire risk, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. d) Would the project expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards would occur. Analysis of Project: No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located in a highly developed part of the City outside of an urban-wildland interface. The project site is not located within or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008), and the nearest natural open space area is found more than 1 mile south of the site. The project would result in grading to a level surface, altering the existing drainage pattern of the site. However, the project would not substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner that would result in flooding on or off site. Due to the proposed grading of the site, the relatively flat surrounding lands, and the fact that the site would be paved for development and parking, it is unlikely that the project would expose people or structures to downstream flooding or landslides as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes. Therefore, the project would result in no impact with regard to downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 138 MAY 2023 3.21 Mandatory Findings of Significance New Significant Impact More Severe Impacts New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis XXI. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE a) Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self- sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory? b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively considerable” means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects.) c) Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? a) Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self- sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that, following mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts to sensitive plant and animal species as well as habitats. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that, with mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts to archaeological, historical, and paleontological resources, and, therefore, would not eliminate important examples of major periods of California history or prehistory. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 139 MAY 2023 Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. As discussed and analyzed in this addendum, the project would not degrade the quality of the environment with implementation of mitigation. For the reasons discussed in Section 3.4, Biological Resources, the project would not substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, or reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal. In addition, for the reasons identified in Section 3.5, the project site does not contain any important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory, and no impacts to such resources would occur. Therefore, impacts associated with biological and cultural resources would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively considerable” means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects.) SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR addressed cumulative impacts for each of the environmental topics evaluated. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded the SWIP SP would result in significant and unavoidable cumulative impacts regarding the following issues: ▪ Aesthetics (scenic vistas) ▪ Air Quality (construction-related and operational emissions) ▪ Noise (long-term mobile noise and increases to incremental noise levels) ▪ Recreation (parks/recreation facilities) ▪ Transportation/Traffic (roadway segments/intersections performance) Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Similar to the project originally analyzed in the SWIP SP PEIR, the current project has the potential to result in incremental environmental impacts that are part of a series of approvals that were anticipated under the SWIP SP PEIR. The SWIP SP PEIR considered the project’s cumulatively considerable impacts where effects had the potential to degrade the quality of the environment as a result of buildout consistent with the SWIP SP, which included development of the project site. The SWIP SP PEIR determined that cumulative impacts related to aesthetics, air quality, noise, public services (parks), recreation, and transportation were significant and unavoidable. As discussed herein, the current project’s impacts would be consistent with the level of impact disclosed in the SWIP SP PEIR (with implementation of mitigation); no new or more severe impacts would occur. Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 140 MAY 2023 No new mitigation measures are required. c) Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? SWIP SP PEIR Finding: The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that while changes to the environment that could indirectly affect human beings would be possible in all of the designated CEQA issue areas, those changes to the environment that the SWIP SP would cause the following that could directly affect human beings: ▪ Air Quality (construction-related and operational emissions) ▪ Hazards and Hazardous Materials (contaminated soil and groundwater [SWIP SP PEIR concluded impacts in this issue area would be less than significant with implementation of mitigation measures]) ▪ Noise (long-term mobile noise and increases to incremental noise levels) ▪ Recreation (parks/recreation facilities) ▪ Transportation/Traffic (roadway segments/intersections performance) Analysis of Project: Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would not create adverse environmental effects that would cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly. Assuming approval of the project, the project would allow for development of an industrial/warehouse land use and associated improvements. None of the proposed uses or activities would result in any substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly, above and beyond what was already discussed and detailed in the SWIP SP PEIR. Therefore, implementation of the project would not result in any new impacts or increase the severity of a significant impact as previously identified and analyzed in the SWIP SP PEIR. Therefore, the project’s impact with regard to environmental effects that may cause a substantial adverse effects on human beings would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required. 14657 141 MAY 2023 4 References and Preparers 4.1 References Cited Baltrënas, Pranus et.al. (Pranas Baltrënas , Dainius Kazlauskas & Egidijus Petraitis). 2004. Testing on noise level prevailing at motor vehicle parking lots and numeral simulation of its dispersion, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 12:2, 63-70. CAL FIRE (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection). 2008. “Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA” [map]. October 29, 2008. Accessed August 2022. https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/5943/fontana.pdf. CalRecycle (California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery). 2019. “Facility/Site Summary Details: Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill (36-AA-0055).” Accessed May 2022. https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/ SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/1880?siteID=2662. CAPCOA (California Air Pollution Control Officers Association). 2008. CEQA & Climate Change: Evaluating and Addressing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Projects Subject to the California Environmental Quality Act. January 2008CAPCOA (California Air Pollution Control Officers Association). 2017. California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) User’s Guide Version 2016.3.2. Prepared by Trinity Consultants and the California Air Districts. November 2017. http://www.caleemod.com/ CAPCOA (California Air Pollution Control Officers Association). 2017. California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) User’s Guide Version 2016.3.2. Prepared by Trinity Consultants and the California Air Districts. November 2017. http://www.caleemod.com/. CAPCOA. 2021. California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) User’s Guide Version 2020.4.0. Accessed October 2022. CARB. 2005. Air Quality and Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective. April 2005 https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/ch/handbook.pdf CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2008. 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National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit and Waste Discharge Requirements for the San Bernardino County Flood Control Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 145 MAY 2023 District, the County of San Bernardino, and the Incorporated Cities of San Bernardino within the Santa Ana Region. January 29, 2010. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/santaana/board_decisions/ adopted_orders/orders/2010/10_036_SBC_MS4_Permit_01_29_10.pdf. SBCAPCD (Santa Barbara County APCD). 2020. Modeling Guidelines for Health Risk Assessments. https://www.ourair.org/wp-content/uploads/apcd-15i.pdf SCAG (Southern California Association of Governments). 2001. Employment Density Study Summary Report. Prepared by The Natelson Company, Inc. Yorba Linda, California. October 31, 2001. 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Accessed April 2022. https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx 4.2 List of Preparers City of Fontana, Community Development Department, Planning Division Irene Romero – Associate Planner Dudek – Environmental Consultant Patrick Cruz – Project Manager Hayley Ward – Environmental Planner Armando Gonzales – Environmental Planner Clarisa Olaguez – Environmental Planner Shane Russett – Air Quality Specialist Tommy Molioo – Biologist Kimberly Narel – Biologist Linda Kry – Cultural Resources Specialist Heather McDevitt – Cultural Resources Specialist Mike Greene – Noise Specialist Sabita Tewani – Transportation Planner Hailee McOmber – GIS Project Location NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Project Addendum SOURCE: Bing Maps; Open Street Map Da t e : 1 1 / 4 / 2 0 2 2 - L a s t s a v e d b y : h m c o m b e r - P a t h : Z : \ P r o j e c t s \ j 1 4 6 5 7 0 1 \ M A P D O C \ D O C U M E N T \ A d d e n d u m \ F i g u r e 1 P r o j e c t L o c a t i o n . m xd Project Boundary FIGURE 1 Adelanto AlisoViejo Apple Valley Barstow Big Bear Lake Blythe CaliforniaCity Calimesa Canyon Lake Coachella GrandTerrace Hesperia IndianWells JurupaValley La Quinta LaVerne Needles Palm Desert RanchoMirage Rialto Ridgecrest San Jacinto Twentynine PalmsUpland Victorville Wildomar Yucca Valley Inyo County Riverside County SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY 0400200Feet Project Site Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 148 MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK General Plan Land Use NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Project Addendum SOURCE: Bing Maps; Open Street Map; City of Fontana 2022 Da t e : 1 1 / 4 / 2 0 2 2 - L a s t s a v e d b y : h m c o m b e r - P a t h : Z : \ P r o j e c t s \ j 1 4 6 5 7 0 1 \ M A P D O C \ D O C U M E N T \ A d d e n d u m \ F i g u r e 2 G P L U . m x d Project Boundary City of Fontana General Plan Land Use I-G, General Industrial I-L, Light Industrial P-PF, Public Facilities R-E, Residential Estates FIGURE 2 0510255Feet Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 150 MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Zoning NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Project Addendum SOURCE: Bing Maps; Open Street Map; City of Fontana 2022 Da t e : 1 1 / 4 / 2 0 2 2 - L a s t s a v e d b y : h m c o m b e r - P a t h : Z : \ P r o j e c t s \ j 1 4 6 5 7 0 1 \ M A P D O C \ D O C U M E N T \ A d d e n d u m \ F i g u r e 3 Z o n i n g . m x d Project Boundary City of Fontana Zoning C-2 M-1, Mixed-Use 1 M-2, Mixed-Use 2 OS-N, Open Space ROW, Right-Of-Way SP, Specific Plan FIGURE 3 01,500750Feet Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 152 MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Land Use NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Project Addendum SOURCE: Bing Maps; Open Street Map; City of Fontana 2022 Da t e : 1 1 / 4 / 2 0 2 2 - L a s t s a v e d b y : h m c o m b e r - P a t h : Z : \ P r o j e c t s \ j 1 4 6 5 7 0 1 \ M A P D O C \ D O C U M E N T \ A d d e n d u m \ F i g u r e 4 S o u t h w e s t I n d u s t r i al P a r k S p e c i f i c P l a n L a n d U s e M a p . m x d Project Boundary Southwest Industrial Park (SWIP) Land Use JND, Jurupa North Research and Development District PF, Public Facilities District RTD, Residential Trucking District SWD, Slover West Industrial District SCD, Slover Central Manufacturing / Industrial District FIGURE 4 0510255Feet Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 154 MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Site Plan NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Project Addendum FIGURE 5 Pa t h : Z : \ P r o j e c t s \ j 1 4 6 5 7 0 1 \ M A P D O C \ D O C U M E N T \ A d d e n d u m \ F i g u r e 5 S i t e P l a n / a i SOURCE: Herdman Architecture and Design 2022 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 156 MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Conceptual Elevations NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Project Addendum FIGURE 6 Pa t h : Z : \ P r o j e c t s \ j 1 4 6 5 7 0 1 \ M A P D O C \ D O C U M E N T \ A d d e n d u m \ F i g u r e 5 S i t e P l a n / a i SOURCE: Herdman Architecture and Design 2022 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 158 MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Da t e : 1 / 6 / 2 0 2 3 - L a s t s a v e d b y : h m c o m b e r - P a t h : Z : \ P r o j e c t s \ j 1 4 6 5 7 0 1 \ M A P D O C \ D O C U M E N T \ A d d e n d u m \ F i g u r e 7 N o i s e M e a s u r m e n e t L oc a t i o n s . m x d Noise Measurement and Modeling Locations NWC Santa Ana and Almond Project Addendum SOURCE: Bing Maps; Open Street Map 0200100Feet Project Boundary Noise Measurement and Modeling Locations Short-Term Measurement Locations Long-Term Measurement Locations FIGURE 7 Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report / Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation for the NWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project 14657 160 MAY 2023 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK