HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix H - Acoustical AssessmentAPPENDIX F
ACOUSTICAL ASSESSMENT
Acoustical Assessment
Citrus West Residential Development Project
City of Fontana, California
Prepared by:
Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.
1100 W. Town and Country Road, Suite 700
Orange, California 92868
Contact: Mr. Ryan Chiene
714.705.1343
November 2021
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Acoustical Assessment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Location ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Project Description ........................................................................................................................... 1
2 ACOUSTIC FUNDAMENTALS
2.1 Sound and Environmental Noise ...................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Groundborne Vibration .................................................................................................................. 10
3 REGULATORY SETTING
3.1 State of California ........................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Local................................................................................................................................................ 12
4 EXISTING CONDITIONS
4.1 Existing Noise Sources .................................................................................................................... 15 4.2 Noise Measurements ..................................................................................................................... 16
4.3 Sensitive Receptors ........................................................................................................................ 16
5 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY
5.1 CEQA Threshsolds ........................................................................................................................... 18
5.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 18
6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
6.1 Acoustical Impacts .......................................................................................................................... 20
7 REFERENCES
References ...................................................................................................................................... 27
TABLES
Table 1 Typical Noise Levels .......................................................................................................................... 6
Table 2 Definitions of Acoustical Terms ........................................................................................................ 7
Table 3 Human Reaction and Damage to Buildings for Continuous or Frequent Intermittent Vibrations . 10
Table 4 Existing Traffic Noise Levels ........................................................................................................... 15
Table 5 Existing Noise Measurements ........................................................................................................ 16
Table 6 Typical Construction Noise Levels .................................................................................................. 21
Table 7 Project Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receptor ................................................................ 21
Table 8 Existing Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels ........................................................................................ 23
Table 9 Horizon Year and Horizon Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels................................................... 24
Table 10 Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels .......................................................................... 25
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1 Regional Vicinity ............................................................................................................................... 3
Exhibit 2 Site Vicinity ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Exhibit 3 Conceptual Site Plan ......................................................................................................................... 5
Exhibit 4 Noise Measurement Locations ....................................................................................................... 17
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Noise Data
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LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS
APN Assessor’s Parcel Number
ADT average daily traffic
dBA A-weighted sound level
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CLSP California Landings Specific Plan
CSMA California Subdivision Map Act
CNEL community equivalent noise level
Ldn day-night noise level
dB decibel
du/ac dwelling units per acre
Leq equivalent noise level
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
FTA Federal Transit Administration
HVAC heating ventilation and air conditioning
Hz hertz
HOA homeowner’s association
in/sec inches per second
Lmax maximum noise level
µPa micropascals
Lmin minimum noise level
PPV peak particle velocity
RMS root mean square
VdB vibration velocity level
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1 INTRODUCTION
This report documents the results of an Acoustical Assessment completed for the Citrus West Residential
Development Project (“Project” or “Proposed Project”). The purpose of this Acoustical Assessment is to
evaluate the potential construction and operational noise and vibration levels associated with the Project
and determine the level of impact the Project would have on the environment.
1.1 Project Location and Setting
The Citrus West Residential Development Project (Project) site is located at the northwest corner of the
intersection of Citrus Avenue and Summit Avenue in the northern portion of the City of Fontana (City),
within San Bernardino County (County); refer to Exhibit 1: Regional Vicinity. The Project site is located
approximately 0.9 miles north of State Route 210 (SR-210), approximately 1.9 miles east of the Interstate
15 (I-15), 5.7 miles north of the Interstate 10 (I-10), and approximately 7.5 miles west of Interstate 215 (I-
215); Exhibit 2: Site Vicinity.
The Project site is comprised of one parcel (Assessor’s Parcel Numbers [APN]: 0239-262-37) approximately
9 acres in size and is currently vacant and undeveloped. The site is surrounded by vacant lands and single-
family residential developments to the north and west, Citrus Avenue, residential development, and
vacant land to the east, and Summit Avenue, residential development, and vacant land to the south; see
Exhibit 2. The current land use according to the City’s General Plan is Residential Planned Community (R-
PC) and is surrounded by residential, public, and commercial land uses.
1.2 Project Description
The Project site consists of approximately 9.4 acres of land located on the northwest corner of Citrus
Avenue and Summit Avenue in the City of Fontana. The Project site is within the boundaries of the
Citrus Heights North Specific Plan. Based on the Citrus Heights North Specific Plan, the Project site is
currently zoned as Neighborhood Commercial (PA 12). The Applicant proposes to amend the CHNSP PA12
Project site from Neighborhood Commercial to Residential -Medium Density. The Project site is currently
vacant. The Project applicant proposes to develop 85 multi-family dwelling units with a density of 9.4
DU/AC. The Project site plan is provided in Exhibit 3: Conceptual Site Plan.
Project Circulation
Regional Project access would be from State Route 210 (SR 210) as well as Interstate 15 (I-15) via Citrus
Avenue as well as Summit Avenue. Local access would be provided via Citrus Avenue and Summit Avenue.
Project site ingress and egress would be via one gated driveway off of Summit Avenue.
Parking
The Project would be required to provide at least 261 parking stalls; however, the Project includes 269
parking stalls, see Exhibit 3.
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Project Phasing and Construction
Project construction is anticipated to occur over a duration of approximately 12 months, commencing in
December 2022.
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Exhibit 1: Regional Vicinity
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Exhibit 2: Site Vicinity
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Exhibit 3: Conceptual Site Plan
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2 ACOUSTIC FUNDAMENTALS
2.1 Sound and Environmental Noise
Acoustics is the science of sound. Sound can be described as the mechanical energy of a vibrating object
transmitted by pressure waves through a medium (e.g., air) to human (or animal) ear. If the pressure
variations occur frequently enough (at least 20 times per second), they can be heard and are called sound.
The number of pressure variations per second is called the frequency of sound and is expressed as cycles
per second, or hertz (Hz).
Noise is defined as loud, unexpected, or annoying sound. In acoustics, the fundamental model consists of
a noise source, a receptor, and the propagation path between the two. The loudness of the noise source,
obstructions, or atmospheric factors affecting the propagation path, determine the perceived sound level
and noise characteristics at the receptor. Acoustics deal primarily with the propagation and control of
sound. A typical noise environment consists of a base of steady background noise that is the sum of many
distant and indistinguishable noise sources. Superimposed on this background noise is the sound from
individual local sources. These sources can vary from an occasional aircraft or train passing by to
continuous noise from traffic on a major highway. Perceptions of sound and noise are highly subjective
from person to person.
Measuring sound directly in terms of pressure would require a large range of numbers. To avoid this, the
decibel (dB) scale was devised. The dB scale uses the hearing threshold of 20 micropascals (µPa) as a point
of reference, defined as 0 dB. Other sound pressures are then compared to this reference pressure, and
the logarithm is taken to keep the numbers in a practical range. The dB scale allows a million-fold increase
in pressure to be expressed as 120 dB, and changes in levels correspond closely to human perception of
relative loudness. Table 1: Typical Noise Levels provides typical noise levels.
Table 1: Typical Noise Levels
Common Outdoor Activities Noise Level (dBA) Common Indoor Activities
– 110 – Rock Band
Jet fly-over at 1,000 feet – 100 –
Gas lawnmower at 3 feet – 90 –
Diesel truck at 50 feet at 50 miles per hour Food blender at 3 feet
– 80 – Garbage disposal at 3 feet Noisy urban area, daytime
Gas lawnmower, 100 feet – 70 – Vacuum cleaner at 10 feet
Commercial area Normal Speech at 3 feet Heavy traffic at 300 feet – 60 –
Large business office
Quiet urban daytime – 50 – Dishwasher in next room
Quiet urban nighttime – 40 – Theater, large conference room (background) Quiet suburban nighttime
– 30 – Library
Quiet rural nighttime Bedroom at night, concert hall (background) – 20 –
Broadcast/recording studio – 10 –
Lowest threshold of human hearing – 0 – Lowest threshold of human hearing
Source: California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol, September 2013.
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Noise Descriptors
The dB scale alone does not adequately characterize how humans perceive noise. The dominant
frequencies of a sound have a substantial effect on the human response to that sound. Several rating
scales have been developed to analyze the adverse effect of community noise on people. Because
environmental noise fluctuates over time, these scales consider that the effect of noise on people is largely
dependent on the total acoustical energy content of the noise, as well as the time of day when the noise
occurs. The equivalent noise level (Leq) is the average noise level averaged over the measurement period,
while the day-night noise level (Ldn) and Community Equivalent Noise Level (CNEL) are measures of energy
average during a 24-hour period, with dB weighted sound levels from 7:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. Most
commonly, environmental sounds are described in terms of Leq that has the same acoustical energy as the
summation of all the time-varying events. Each is applicable to this analysis and defined in Table 2:
Definitions of Acoustical Terms.
Table 2: Definitions of Acoustical Terms
Term Definitions
Decibel (dB) A unit describing the amplitude of sound, equal to 20 times the logarithm to the base 10
of the ratio of the pressure of the sound measured to the reference pressure. The reference
pressure for air is 20.
Sound Pressure Level Sound pressure is the sound force per unit area, usually expressed in µPa (or 20
micronewtons per square meter), where 1 pascals is the pressure resulting from a force of
1 newton exerted over an area of 1 square meter. The sound pressure level is expressed in
dB as 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio between the pressures exerted by
the sound to a reference sound pressure (e.g., 20 µPa). Sound pressure level is the quantity
that is directly measured by a sound level meter.
Frequency (Hz) The number of complete pressure fluctuations per second above and below atmospheric
pressure. Normal human hearing is between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Infrasonic sound are
below 20 Hz and ultrasonic sounds are above 20,000 Hz.
A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA) The sound pressure level in dB as measured on a sound level meter using the A-weighting
filter network. The A-weighting filter de-emphasizes the very low and very high frequency
components of the sound in a manner similar to the frequency response of the human ear
and correlates well with subjective reactions to noise.
Equivalent Noise Level (Leq) The average acoustic energy content of noise for a stated period of time. Thus, the Leq of a
time-varying noise and that of a steady noise are the same if they deliver the same acoustic
energy to the ear during exposure. For evaluating community impacts, this rating scale
does not vary, regardless of whether the noise occurs during the day or the night. Maximum Noise Level (Lmax)
Minimum Noise Level (Lmin)
The maximum and minimum dBA during the measurement period.
Exceeded Noise Levels
(L01, L10, L50, L90)
The dBA values that are exceeded 1%, 10%, 50%, and 90% of the time during the
measurement period.
Day-Night Noise Level (Ldn) A 24-hour average Leq with a 10 dBA weighting added to noise during the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to account for noise sensitivity at nighttime. The logarithmic effect of these additions is that a 60 dBA 24-hour Leq would result in a measurement of 66.4 dBA Ldn.
Community Noise Equivalent
Level (CNEL)
A 24-hour average Leq with a 5 dBA weighting during the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.
and a 10 dBA weighting added to noise during the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to
account for noise sensitivity in the evening and nighttime, respectively. The logarithmic
effect of these additions is that a 60 dBA 24-hour Leq would result in a measurement of 66.7
dBA CNEL.
Ambient Noise Level The composite of noise from all sources near and far. The normal or existing level of environmental noise at a given location.
Intrusive That noise which intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given location.
The relative intrusiveness of a sound depends on its amplitude, duration, frequency, and
time of occurrence and tonal or informational content as well as the prevailing ambient
noise level.
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The A-weighted decibel (dBA) sound level scale gives greater weight to the frequencies of sound to which
the human ear is most sensitive. Because sound levels can vary markedly over a short period of time, a
method for describing either the average character of the sound or the statistical behavior of the
variations must be utilized. Most commonly, environmental sounds are described in terms of an average
level that has the same acoustical energy as the summation of all the time-varying events.
The scientific instrument used to measure noise is the sound level meter. Sound level meters can
accurately measure environmental noise levels to within about plus or minus 1 dBA. Various computer
models are used to predict environmental noise levels from sources, such as roadways and airports. The
accuracy of the predicted models depends on the distance between the receptor and the noise source.
A-Weighted Decibels
The perceived loudness of sounds is dependent on many factors, including sound pressure level and
frequency content. However, within the usual range of environmental noise levels, perception of loudness
is relatively predictable and can be approximated by dBA values. There is a strong correlation between
dBA and the way the human ear perceives sound. For this reason, the dBA has become the standard tool
of environmental noise assessment. All noise levels reported in this document are in terms of dBA, but
are expressed as dB, unless otherwise noted.
Addition of Decibels
The dB scale is logarithmic, not linear, and therefore sound levels cannot be added or subtracted through
ordinary arithmetic. Two sound levels 10 dB apart differ in acoustic energy by a factor of 10. When the
standard logarithmic dB is A-weighted, an increase of 10 dBA is generally perceived as a doubling in
loudness. For example, a 70-dBA sound is half as loud as an 80-dBA sound and twice as loud as a 60-dBA
sound. When two identical sources are each producing sound of the same loudness, the resulting sound
level at a given distance would be 3 dBA higher than one source under the same conditions. Under the dB
scale, three sources of equal loudness together would produce an increase of 5 dBA.
Sound Propagation and Attenuation
Sound spreads (propagates) uniformly outward in a spherical pattern, and the sound level decreases
(attenuates) at a rate of approximately 6 dB for each doubling of distance from a stationary or point
source. Sound from a line source, such as a highway, propagates outward in a cylindrical pattern. Sound
levels attenuate at a rate of approximately 3 dB for each doubling of distance from a line source, such as
a roadway, depending on ground surface characteristics. No excess attenuation is assumed for hard
surfaces like a parking lot or a body of water. Soft surfaces, such as soft dirt or grass, can absorb sound,
so an excess ground-attenuation value of 1.5 dB per doubling of distance is normally assumed. For line
sources, an overall attenuation rate of 3 dB per doubling of distance is assumed.
Noise levels may also be reduced by intervening structures; generally, a single row of buildings between
the receptor and the noise source reduces the noise level by about 5 dBA, while a solid wall or berm
reduces noise levels by 5 to 10 dBA. The way older homes in California were constructed generally
provides a reduction of exterior-to-interior noise levels of about 20 to 25 dBA with closed windows. The
exterior-to-interior reduction of newer residential units is generally 30 dBA or more.
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Human Response to Noise
The human response to environmental noise is subjective and varies considerably from individual to
individual. Noise in the community has often been cited as a health problem, not in terms of actual
physiological damage, such as hearing impairment, but in terms of inhibiting general well-being and
contributing to undue stress and annoyance. The health effects of noise in the community arise from
interference with human activities, including sleep, speech, recreation, and tasks that demand
concentration or coordination. Hearing loss can occur at the highest noise intensity levels.
Noise environments and consequences of human activities are usually well represented by median noise
levels during the day or night or over a 24-hour period. Environmental noise levels are generally
considered low when the CNEL is below 60 dBA, moderate in the 60 to 70 dBA range, and high above 70
dBA. Examples of low daytime levels are isolated, natural settings with noise levels as low as 20 dBA and
quiet, suburban, residential streets with noise levels around 40 dBA. Noise levels above 45 dBA at night
can disrupt sleep. Examples of moderate-level noise environments are urban residential or semi-
commercial areas (typically 55 to 60 dBA) and commercial locations (typically 60 dBA). People may
consider louder environments adverse, but most will accept the higher levels associated with noisier
urban residential or residential-commercial areas (60 to 75 dBA) or dense urban or industrial areas (65 to
80 dBA). Regarding increases in dBA, the following relationships should be noted:
• Except in carefully controlled laboratory experiments, a 1-dBA change cannot be perceived by
humans.
• Outside of the laboratory, a 3-dBA change is considered a just-perceivable difference.
• A minimum 5-dBA change is required before any noticeable change in community response would
be expected. A 5-dBA increase is typically considered substantial.
• A 10-dBA change is subjectively heard as an approximate doubling in loudness and would almost
certainly cause an adverse change in community response.
Effects of Noise on People
Hearing Loss. While physical damage to the ear from an intense noise impulse is rare, a degradation of
auditory acuity can occur even within a community noise environment. Hearing loss occurs mainly due to
chronic exposure to excessive noise but may be due to a single event such as an explosion. Natural hearing
loss associated with aging may also be accelerated from chronic exposure to loud noise. The Occupational
Safety and Health Administration has a noise exposure standard that is set at the noise threshold where
hearing loss may occur from long-term exposures. The maximum allowable level is 90 dBA averaged over
8 hours. If the noise is above 90 dBA, the allowable exposure time is correspondingly shorter.
Annoyance. Attitude surveys are used for measuring the annoyance felt in a community for noises
intruding into homes or affecting outdoor activity areas. In these surveys, it was determined that causes
for annoyance include interference with speech, radio and television, house vibrations, and interference
with sleep and rest. The Ldn as a measure of noise has been found to provide a valid correlation of noise
level and the percentage of people annoyed. People have been asked to judge the annoyance caused by
aircraft noise and ground transportation noise. There continues to be disagreement about the relative
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annoyance of these different sources. A noise level of about 55 dBA Ldn is the threshold at which a
substantial percentage of people begin to report annoyance.1
2.2 Groundborne Vibration
Sources of groundborne vibrations include natural phenomena (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, sea
waves, landslides, etc.) or man-made causes (explosions, machinery, traffic, trains, construction
equipment, etc.). Vibration sources may be continuous (e.g., factory machinery) or transient (e.g.
explosions). Ground vibration consists of rapidly fluctuating motions or waves with an average motion of
zero. Several different methods are typically used to quantify vibration amplitude. One is the peak particle
velocity (PPV); another is the root mean square (RMS) velocity. The PPV is defined as the maximum
instantaneous positive or negative peak of the vibration wave. The RMS velocity is defined as the average
of the squared amplitude of the signal. The PPV and RMS vibration velocity amplitudes are used to
evaluate human response to vibration.
Table 3: Human Reaction and Damage to Buildings for Continuous or Frequent Intermittent Vibrations,
displays the reactions of people and the effects on buildings produced by continuous vibration levels. The
annoyance levels shown in the table should be interpreted with care since vibration may be found to be
annoying at much lower levels than those listed, depending on the level of activity or the sensitivity of the
individual. To sensitive individuals, vibrations approaching the threshold of perception can be annoying.
Low-level vibrations frequently cause irritating secondary vibration, such as a slight rattling of windows,
doors, or stacked dishes. The rattling sound can give rise to exaggerated vibration complaints, even
though there is very little risk of actual structural damage. In high noise environments, which are more
prevalent where groundborne vibration approaches perceptible levels, this rattling phenomenon may also
be produced by loud airborne environmental noise causing induced vibration in exterior doors and
windows.
Table 3: Human Reaction and Damage to Buildings for Continuous or Frequent Intermittent Vibrations
Peak Particle Velocity (in/sec)
Approximate Vibration Velocity Level (VdB) Human Reaction Effect on Buildings
0.006-0.019 64-74 Range of threshold of perception Vibrations unlikely to cause damage of
any type
0.08 87 Vibrations readily perceptible Recommended upper level to which ruins and ancient monuments should be
subjected
0.1 92
Level at which continuous vibrations may
begin to annoy people, particularly those
involved in vibration sensitive activities
Virtually no risk of architectural damage to normal buildings
0.2 94 Vibrations may begin to annoy people in
buildings
Threshold at which there is a risk of architectural damage to normal dwellings
0.4-0.6 98-104
Vibrations considered unpleasant by
people subjected to continuous
vibrations and unacceptable to some
people walking on bridges
Architectural damage and possibly minor
structural damage
Source: California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, 2013.
1 Federal Interagency Committee on Noise, Federal Agency Review of Selected Airport Noise Analysis Issues, August 1992.
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Ground vibration can be a concern in instances where buildings shake, and substantial rumblings occur.
However, it is unusual for vibration from typical urban sources such as buses and heavy trucks to be
perceptible. Common sources for groundborne vibration are planes, trains, and construction activities
such as earthmoving which requires the use of heavy-duty earth moving equipment. For the purposes of
this analysis, a PPV descriptor with units of inches per second (in/sec) is used to evaluate construction-
generated vibration for building damage and human complaints.
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3 REGULATORY SETTING
To limit population exposure to physically or psychologically damaging as well as intrusive noise levels,
the Federal government, the State of California, various county governments, and most municipalities in
the state have established standards and ordinances to control noise.
3.1 State of California
California Government Code
California Government Code Section 65302(f) mandates that the legislative body of each county and city
adopt a noise element as part of its comprehensive general plan. The local noise element must recognize
the land use compatibility guidelines established by the State Department of Health Services. The
guidelines rank noise land use compatibility in terms of “normally acceptable”, “conditionally acceptable”,
“normally unacceptable”, and “clearly unacceptable” noise levels for various land use types. Single-family
homes are “normally acceptable” in exterior noise environments up to 60 CNEL and “conditionally
acceptable” up to 70 CNEL. Multiple-family residential uses are “normally acceptable” up to 65 CNEL and
“conditionally acceptable” up to 70 CNEL. Schools, libraries, and churches are “normally acceptable” up
to 70 CNEL, as are office buildings and business, commercial, and professional uses.
Title 24 – Building Code
The State’s noise insulation standards are codified in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24: Part 1,
Building Standards Administrative Code, and Part 2, California Building Code. These noise standards are
applied to new construction in California for interior noise compatibility from exterior noise sources. The
regulations specify that acoustical studies must be prepared when noise-sensitive structures, such as
residential buildings, schools, or hospitals, are located near major transportation noise sources, and
where such noise sources create an exterior noise level of 65 dBA CNEL or higher. Acoustical studies that
accompany building plans must demonstrate that the structure has been designed to limit interior noise
in habitable rooms to acceptable noise levels. For new multi-family residential buildings, the acceptable
interior noise limit for new construction is 45 dBA CNEL.
3.2 Local
City of Fontana General Plan
Adopted on November 13, 2018, the Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 (Fontana General
Plan) identifies noise standards that are used as guidelines to evaluate transportation noise level impacts.
These standards are also used to assess the long-term traffic noise impacts on specific land uses. According
to the Fontana General Plan, land uses such as residences have acceptable exterior noise levels of up to
65 dBA CNEL. Based on the guidelines in the Fontana General Plan, an exterior noise level of 65 dBA CNEL
is generally considered the maximum exterior noise level for sensitive receptors.
Land uses near these significant noise-producers can incorporate buffers and noise control techniques
including setbacks, landscaping, building transitions, site design, and building construction techniques to
reduce the impact of excessive noise. Selection of the appropriate noise control technique would vary
depending on the level of noise that needs to be reduced as well as the location and intended land use.
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The City has adopted the Noise and Safety Element as a part of the updated Fontana General Plan. The
Noise and Safety Element specifies the maximum allowable unmitigated exterior noise levels for new
developments impacted by transportation noise sources. Additionally, the Noise and Safety Element
identifies transportation noise policies designed to protect, create, and maintain an environment free of
harmful noise that could impact the health and welfare of sensitive receptors. The following Fontana
General Plan goals, policies, and actions for addressing noise are applicable to the Project:
Goal 8: The City of Fontana protects sensitive land uses from excessive noise by diligent planning
through 2035.
Policy 8.2: Noise-tolerant land uses shall be guided into areas irrevocably committed to
land uses that are noise-producing, such as transportation corridors.
Policy 8.4: Noise spillover or encroachment from commercial, industrial and educational
land uses shall be minimized into adjoining residential neighborhoods or
noise-sensitive uses.
Action C: The State of California Office of Planning and Research General Plan
Guidelines shall be followed with respect to acoustical study requirements.
Goal 9: The City of Fontana provides a diverse and efficiently operated ground transportation
system that generates the minimum feasible noise on its residents through 2035.
Policy 9.1: All noise sections of the State Motor Vehicle Code shall be enforced.
Policy 9.2: Roads shall be maintained such that the paving is in good condition and free
of cracks, bumps, and potholes.
Action A: On-road trucking activities shall continue to be regulated in the City to ensure
noise impacts are minimized, including the implementation of truck-routes
based on traffic studies.
Action B: Development that generates increased traffic and subsequent increases in
the ambient noise level adjacent to noise-sensitive land uses shall provide
appropriate mitigation measures.
Action D: Explore the use of “quiet pavement” materials for street improvements.
Goal 10: Fontana’s residents are protected from the negative effects of “spillover” noise.
Policy 10.1: Residential land uses and areas identified as noise-sensitive shall be
protected from excessive noise from non-transportation sources including
industrial, commercial, and residential activities and equipment.
Action A: Projects located in commercial areas shall not exceed stationary-source noise
standards at the property line of proximate residential or commercial uses.
Action B: Industrial uses shall not exceed commercial or residential stationary source
noise standards at the most proximate land uses.
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Action C: Non-transportation noise shall be considered in land use planning decisions.
Action D: Construction shall be performed as quietly as feasible when performed in
proximity to residential or other noise sensitive land uses.
City of Fontana Municipal Code
Standards established under the City of Fontana Municipal Code (Municipal Code) are used to analyze
noise impacts originating from the Project. Operational noise impacts are typically governed by Fontana
Municipal Code Sections 18-61 through 18-67. However, the City currently relies on delineated general
industrial areas. According to the General Plan Noise and Safety section, these areas are buffered from
residential uses through land use zoning that places either light industrial or commercial uses between
the major manufacturers involved in heavy industrial uses and local residents. This separation of land uses
meaning noise intrusion on conforming land uses is not a problem at this time.
Guidelines for non-transportation and stationary noise source impacts from operations at private
properties are found in the Zoning and Development Code in Chapter 30 of the Fontana Municipal Code.
Applicable guidelines indicate that no person shall create or cause any sound exceeding the City’s stated
noise performance standards measured at the property line of any residentially zoned property. Per
Fontana Municipal Code Section 30-543(A), the performance standards for exterior noise emanating from
any property are 70 dBA between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. and 65 dBA during the noise-
sensitive hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. at residential uses. For this analysis, a 65-dBA nighttime noise
level standard is conservatively used to analyze potential noise impacts at off-site residential receptors
within the City of Fontana.
The City has also set restrictions to control noise impacts from construction activities. Section 18-63(b)(7)
states that the erection (including excavation), demolition, alteration, or repair of any structure shall only
occur between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of 8:00 a.m.
and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays, except in the case of urgent necessity or otherwise approved by the City of
Fontana. Although the Fontana Municipal Code limits the hours of construction, it does not provide
specific noise level performance standards for construction.
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4 EXISTING CONDITIONS
4.1 Existing Noise Sources
The City is impacted by various noise sources. Mobile sources of noise, especially cars, trucks, and trains
are the most common and significant sources of noise. Other noise sources are the various land uses (i.e.
residential, commercial, institutional, and recreational and parks activities) throughout the City that
generate stationary-source noise.
Mobile Sources
Existing roadway noise levels were calculated for the roadway segments in the Project vicinity. This task
was accomplished using the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highway Traffic Noise Prediction
Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) and Existing (2017) ADT Volumes from the Fontana Forward General Plan
Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report.2 The noise prediction model calculates the
average noise level at specific locations based on traffic volumes, average speeds, roadway geometry, and
site environmental conditions. The average vehicle noise rates (also referred to as energy rates) used in
the FHWA model have been modified to reflect average vehicle noise rates identified for California by the
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The Caltrans data indicates that California automobile
noise is 0.8 to 1.0 dBA higher than national levels and that medium and heavy truck noise is 0.3 to 3.0 dBA
lower than national levels. The average daily noise levels along roadway segments in proximity to the
Project site are included in Table 4: Existing Traffic Noise Levels. As shown in Table 4, existing traffic noise
levels in the Project vicinity range between 53.7 dBA CNEL and 64.4 dBA CNEL.
Stationary Sources
The primary sources of stationary noise in the Project vicinity are those associated with residential
properties to the north, west, and east of the Project site. The noise associated with these sources may
represent a single-event noise occurrence or short-term noise. Other noises include mechanical
2 City of Fontana, Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report,
https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/29524/Draft-Environmental-Impact-Report-for-the-General-Plan-Update,
accessed November 2, 2021.
Table 4: Existing Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment ADT1 dBA CNEL1
Citrus Avenue
Casa Grande Avenue to Summit Avenue 1,500 53.7
Summit Avenue to Curtis Avenue 15,100 63.7
Summit Avenue
Knox Avenue to Citrus Avenue 18,100 64.4
Citrus Avenue to Sierra Avenue 6,900 60.3
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
Notes:
1. Traffic data obtained from the Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report, 2018. 2. Traffic noise levels are at 100 feet from the roadway centerline. Noise levels modeled using the FHWA-RD-77-108 Highway
Traffic Noise Prediction Model; see Appendix A for traffic noise modeling results.
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equipment (e.g., heating ventilation and air conditioning [HVAC] equipment), dogs barking, idling vehicles,
and residents talking.
4.2 Noise Measurements
The Project site is currently vacant and unoccupied. To quantify existing ambient noise levels in the Project
area, Kimley-Horn conducted four short-term noise measurements on October 7, 2021; see Appendix A:
Noise Data. The noise measurement sites were representative of typical existing noise exposure within
and immediately adjacent to the Project site. The 10-minute measurements were taken between 10:05
a.m. and 11:35 a.m. Measurements of Leq are considered representative of the noise levels throughout
the day. The average noise levels and sources of noise measured at each location are listed in Table 5:
Existing Noise Measurements and shown on Exhibit 4: Noise Measurement Locations.
Table 5: Existing Noise Measurements
Site Location Measurement Period Duration Daytime Average Leq
(dBA)
1 Southeast corner of Florentine
Avenue and Doran Lane 10:05 – 10:15 a.m. 10 Minutes 49.5
2 Western corner of Seminole Way
and Riverwood Lane 10:35 – 10:45 a.m. 10 Minutes 48.8
3 Along the south side of Nuaimi Lane 11:10 – 11:20 a.m. 10 Minutes 54.2
4 Western side of Citrus Avenue 11:25 – 11:35 a.m. 10 Minutes 55.3
Source: Noise measurements taken by Kimley-Horn, October 7, 2021. See Appendix A for noise measurement results.
4.3 Sensitive Receptors
Noise exposure standards and guidelines for various types of land uses reflect the varying noise
sensitivities associated with each of these uses. Land uses considered sensitive receptors include
residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, long-term health care facilities, rehabilitation centers,
convalescent centers, and retirement homes. Sensitive land uses near the Project include existing single-
family residential uses immediately to the north and east, and future residential uses (currently under
construction) directly to the west. There are also single-family residences and Sierra Lakes Elementary
School to the southeast of the Project site (southeast of the Citrus Avenue and Summit Avenue
intersection).
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Exhibit 4: Noise Measurement Locations
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5 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY
5.1 CEQA Thresholds
Appendix G of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines contains analysis guidelines
related to noise impacts. These guidelines have been used by the City to develop thresholds of significance
for this analysis. A project would create a significant environmental impact if it would:
• Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of
the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or
applicable standards of other agencies;
• Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels; and
• For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where
such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, expose
people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels.
5.2 Methodology
Construction
Construction noise levels were based on typical noise levels generated by construction equipment
published by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and FHWA. Construction noise is assessed in dBA
Leq. This unit is appropriate because Leq can be used to describe noise level from operation of each piece
of equipment separately, and levels can be combined to represent the noise level from all equipment
operating during a given period.
FHWA’s Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM) was used to estimate construction noise at nearby
sensitive receptors. For modeling purposes, construction equipment has been distributed evenly between
the center of the construction site and the nearest receptor. To be conservative, the loudest and most
used equipment was placed nearest the sensitive receptor. Noise level estimates do not account for the
presence of intervening structures or topography, which may reduce noise levels at receptor locations.
Therefore, the noise levels presented herein represent a conservative, reasonable worst-case estimate of
actual temporary construction noise.
Operations
The analysis of the Without Project and With Project noise environments is based on noise prediction
modeling and empirical observations. Reference noise level data are used to estimate the Project
operational noise impacts from stationary sources. Noise levels are collected from field noise
measurements and other published sources from similar types of activities are used to estimate noise
levels expected with the Project’s stationary sources. The reference noise levels are used to represent a
worst-case noise environment as noise level from stationary sources can vary throughout the day.
Operational noise is evaluated based on the standards within the City’s Noise Ordinance and General Plan.
The Without Project and With Project traffic noise levels in the Project vicinity were calculated using the
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108).
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Vibration
Groundborne vibration levels associated with construction-related activities for the Project were
evaluated utilizing typical groundborne vibration levels associated with construction equipment, obtained
from FTA published data for construction equipment. Potential groundborne vibration impacts related to
building/structure damage and interference with sensitive existing operations were evaluated,
considering the distance from construction activities to nearby land uses and typically applied criteria.
For a building that is constructed with reinforced concrete with no plaster, the FTA guidelines show that
a vibration level of up to 0.20 in/sec is considered safe and would not result in any vibration damage.
Human annoyance is evaluated in vibration decibels (VdB) (the vibration velocity level in decibel scale)
and occurs when construction vibration rises significantly above the threshold of human perception for
extended periods of time. The FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (FTA, 2018)
(FTA Noise and Vibration Manual) identifies 80 VdB as the threshold for buildings where people normally
sleep.
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6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
6.1 Acoustical Impacts
Threshold 6.1 Would the Project generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient
noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local
general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Construction
Construction noise typically occurs intermittently and varies depending on the nature or phase of
construction (e.g., land clearing, grading, excavation, paving). Noise generated by construction
equipment, including earth movers, material handlers, and portable generators, can reach high levels.
During construction, exterior noise levels could affect the residential neighborhoods surrounding the
construction site. The nearest sensitive receptors to the Project construction area are residential uses
located approximately 270 feet to the north of the Project site’s acoustic center. Following FTA
methodology, when calculating construction noise, all equipment is assumed to operate at the center of
the Project because equipment would operate throughout the Project site and not at a fixed location for
extended periods of time.
Construction activities would include site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and
architectural coating. Such activities would require dozers and tractors during site preparation;
excavators, graders, and dozers during grading; cranes, forklifts, generators, tractors, and welders during
building construction; pavers, rollers, mixers, and paving equipment during paving; and air compressors
during architectural coating. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may
involve 1 or 2 minutes of full power operation followed by 3 to 4 minutes at lower power settings. Other
primary sources of acoustical disturbance would be random incidents, which would last less than one
minute (such as dropping large pieces of equipment or the hydraulic movement of machinery lifts). Noise
generated by construction equipment, including earth movers, material handlers, and portable
generators, can reach high levels. Typical noise levels associated with individual construction equipment
are listed in Table 6: Typical Construction Noise Levels.
The City’s Municipal Code does not establish quantitative construction noise standards. Instead, the
Municipal Code establishes limited hours of construction activities. Municipal Code Section 18-63 states
that construction activities may only take place between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays
and between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays, except in the case of urgent necessity or
otherwise approved by the City of Fontana. However, this analysis conservatively uses the FTA’s threshold
of 80 dBA (8-hour Leq) for residential uses to evaluate construction noise impacts.3 The noise levels
calculated in Table 7: Project Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receptor, show estimated exterior
construction noise levels at the nearest sensitive uses (residences located approximately 270 to the north
of the Project site’s acoustic center) without accounting for attenuation from physical barriers or
topography.
3 Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, Table 7-2, Page 179, September
2018.
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Table 6: Typical Construction Noise Levels
Equipment Typical Noise Level (dBA) at 50 feet from Source
Air Compressor 81
Backhoe 80
Compactor 82
Concrete Mixer 85
Concrete Pump 82
Concrete Vibrator 76
Crane, Derrick 88
Crane, Mobile 83
Dozer 85
Generator 81
Grader 85
Impact Wrench 85
Jack Hammer 88
Loader 85
Paver 89
Pneumatic Tool 85
Pump 76
Roller 74
Saw 76
Scraper 89
Shovel 82
Truck 88
Note:
1. Calculated using the inverse square law formula for sound attenuation: dBA2 = dBA1+20Log(d1/d2)
Where: dBA2 = estimated noise level at receptor; dBA1 = reference noise level; d1 = reference distance; d2 = receptor location
distance
Source: Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, September 2018.
Table 7: Project Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receptor
Construction Phase
Modeled Exterior Construction Noise Level
(dBA Leq)
Noise Threshold
(dBA Leq) Exceed Threshold?
Site Preparation 74.9 80 No
Grading 70.4 80 No
Building Construction 69.4 80 No
Paving 65.4 80 No
Architectural Coating 63.0 80 No
Note: Equipment distributed evenly between the center of the construction site and the nearest sensitive receptor.
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Roadway Construction Noise Model, 2006. Refer to Appendix A for noise modeling results.
Table 7 depicts a worst-case scenario for each phase of construction, with all equipment operating
simultaneously while located as close to the nearest sensitive receptor as possible. However, during
construction, equipment would operate throughout the Project site and the associated noise levels would
not occur at a fixed location for extended periods of time. As indicated in Table 7, Project construction
noise levels would not exceed the FTA’s 80 dBA threshold at the nearest residential uses.
In addition, compliance with the Municipal Code would further minimize impacts from construction noise,
as construction would be limited to daytime hours on weekdays and Saturdays. Therefore, because
Project construction noise levels would not exceed FTA noise standards and construction activities would
City of Fontana Citrus West Residential Development Project
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be required to comply with Municipal Code provisions, noise impacts would be less than significant noise
impact in this regard.
Operations
Implementation of the proposed Project would create new sources of noise in the Project vicinity. The
major noise sources associated with the Project that would potentially impact existing nearby residences
include stationary noise equipment (i.e., trash compactors, air conditioners, etc.); parking areas (i.e., car
door slamming, car radios, engine start-up, and car pass-by); and off-site traffic noise.
Mechanical Equipment
The nearest sensitive receptors to the Project site are the single-family residences directly north of the
Project site. Potential stationary noise sources related to long-term operation of the Project would include
mechanical equipment. Mechanical equipment (e.g., heating ventilation and air conditioning [HVAC]
equipment) typically generates noise levels of approximately 52 dBA at 50 feet.4 Based on Project site
plans, the nearest potential location for HVAC equipment would be located approximately 14 feet from
the residential property line to the north. At this distance, HVAC noise levels would attenuate to
approximately 63.1 dBA, which is below the City’s 65 dBA noise standard for residential uses.
Additionally, standard construction practices, such as wall assemblies and windows, would result in an
exterior-interior noise level reduction of approximately 25 dBA5. As such, interior HVAC noise levels would
be approximately 38.1 dBA, which is below the City’s 45 dBA interior noise standard for residential uses.
Operation of mechanical equipment would not increase ambient noise levels beyond the acceptable
compatible land use noise levels. Further, it is noted that noise from stationary sources at the Project site
would primarily occur during the daytime activity hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Therefore, the
proposed Project would result in a less than significant impact related to stationary noise levels.
Parking Noise
The Project would provide 268 parking spaces (see Section 1.2, Project Description). Parking spaces would
be a combination of ground-floor garage spaces for each unit, and open parking spaces throughout the
Project site. Nominal parking noise would occur within the on-site parking facilities. Traffic associated with
parking lots is typically not of sufficient volume to exceed community noise standards, which are based
on a time-averaged scale such as the CNEL scale. The instantaneous maximum sound levels generated by
a car door slamming, engine starting up, and car pass-bys range from 53 to 61 dBA6 and may be an
annoyance to adjacent noise-sensitive receptors. It should be noted that parking lot noises are
instantaneous noise levels compared to noise standards in the hourly Leq or 24-hour CNEL metrics, which
are averaged over the entire duration of a time period.
Additionally, parking noise also occurs at the adjacent properties to the north, east, and south under
existing conditions. Parking and driveway noise would be consistent with existing noise in the vicinity and
would be partially masked by background traffic noise from motor vehicles traveling along Citrus Avenue
4 Elliott H. Berger, Rick Neitzel, and Cynthia A. Kladden, Noise Navigator Sound Level Database with Over 1700 Measurement
Values, 2015.
5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Protective Noise Levels (EPA 550/9-79-100), November 1979.
6 Kariel, H. G., Noise in Rural Recreational Environments, Canadian Acoustics 19(5), 3-10, 1991.
City of Fontana Citrus West Residential Development Project
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to the west and Summit Avenue to the south. Actual noise levels over time resulting from parking activities
will be far below the local noise standards. Therefore, noise impacts associated with parking would be less
than significant.
Off-Site Traffic Noise
Implementation of the Project would generate increased traffic volumes along nearby roadway segments.
Based on the trip generation rates in the Trip Generation and VMT Screening Memorandum for the
Proposed Citrus East Residential Project in the City of Fontana (Kimley-Horn, 2021) (Traffic Impact Study),
the proposed Project would generate 630 daily trips which would result in noise increases on Project area
roadways. In general, a traffic noise increase of less than 3 dBA is barely perceptible to people, while a 5-
dBA increase is readily noticeable.7 Generally, traffic volumes on Project area roadways would have to
approximately double for the resulting traffic noise levels to increase by 3 dBA. Therefore, permanent
increases in ambient noise levels of less than 3 dBA are considered to be less than significant.
Traffic noise levels for roadways primarily affected by the Project were calculated using the FHWA’s
Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108). Traffic noise modeling was conducted for conditions
with and without the Project, based on traffic volumes from the Traffic Impact Study. As indicated in Table
8: Existing Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels, Existing Conditions Plus Project traffic-generated noise levels
on Project area roadways would range between 55.2 dBA CNEL and 64.4 dBA CNEL at 100 feet from the
centerline, and the Project would result in a maximum increase of 1.4 dBA CNEL along Citrus Avenue. As
such, the Project would result in an increase of less than 3.0 dBA CNEL for the roadway segments analyzed
and traffic noise. Noise impacts from off-site traffic would be less than significant.
Table 8: Existing Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment
Existing Existing + Project Project Change from No Build Conditions
Significant Impact? ADT1 dBA CNEL2 ADT dBA CNEL2
Citrus Avenue
Casa Grande Avenue to Summit Avenue 1,500 53.7 2,130 55.2 1.5 No
Summit Avenue to Curtis Avenue 15,100 63.7 15,730 63.8 0.1 No
Summit Avenue
Knox Avenue to Citrus Avenue 18,100 64.4 18,730 64.4 0.0 No
Citrus Avenue to Sierra Avenue 6,900 60.3 7,530 60.5 0.2 No
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
Notes:
1. Traffic data obtained from the Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report, 2018.
2. Traffic noise levels are at 100 feet from the roadway centerline. Noise levels modeled using the FHWA-RD-77-108 Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model; see Appendix A for traffic noise modeling results.
The Horizon Year “2040 Without Project” and “2040 Plus Project” scenarios were also compared. As
shown in Table 9: Horizon Year and Horizon Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels, Horizon Year (2040)
Plus Project roadway noise levels would range between 58.5 dBA CNEL and 64.1 dBA CNEL at 100 feet
from the centerline, and the Project would result in a maximum increase of 0.6 dBA CNEL. As such, the
7 Federal Highway Administration, Highway Traffic Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy and Guidance, Noise Fundamentals,
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environMent/noise/regulations_and_guidance/polguide/polguide02.cfm, accessed November 2,
2021.
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Project would result in an increase of less than 3.0 dBA CNEL for the roadway segments analyzed and
traffic noise. Noise impacts from off-site traffic would be less than significant in this regard.
Table 9: Horizon Year and Horizon Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment
Horizon Year (2040) Horizon Year (2040) Plus Project Project
Change from
No Build
Conditions
Significant
Impact? ADT1 dBA
CNEL2 ADT dBA
CNEL2
Citrus Avenue
Casa Grande Avenue to Summit Avenue 4,000 57.9 4,630 58.5 0.6 No
Summit Avenue to Curtis Avenue 16,000 63.9 16,630 64.1 0.2 No
Summit Avenue
Knox Avenue to Citrus Avenue 14,000 63.2 14,630 63.4 0.2 No
Citrus Avenue to Sierra Avenue 11,000 62.3 11,630 62.5 0.2 No
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
Notes: 1. Traffic data obtained from the Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report, 2018. 2. Traffic noise levels are at 100 feet from the roadway centerline. Noise levels modeled using the FHWA-RD-77-108 Highway Traffic Noise
Prediction Model; see Appendix A for traffic noise modeling results.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less than significant impact.
Threshold 6.2 Would the Project generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise
levels?
Increases in groundborne vibration levels attributable to the proposed Project would be primarily
associated with short-term construction-related activities. The FTA has published standard vibration
velocities for construction equipment operations in the FTA Noise and Vibration Manual. The types of
construction vibration impacts include human annoyance and building damage.
Building damage can be cosmetic or structural. Ordinary buildings that are not particularly fragile would
not experience cosmetic damage (e.g., plaster cracks) at distances beyond 30 feet. This distance can vary
substantially depending on soil composition and underground geological layer between vibration source
and receiver. In addition, not all buildings respond similarly to vibration generated by construction
equipment. For example, for a building that is constructed with reinforced concrete with no plaster, the
FTA guidelines show that a vibration level of up to 0.20 in/sec is considered safe and would not result in
any vibration damage. Human annoyance is evaluated in vibration decibels (VdB) (the vibration velocity
level in decibel scale) and occurs when construction vibration rises significantly above the threshold of
human perception for extended periods of time. The FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Manual identifies
80 VdB as the approximate threshold for annoyance.
The nearest sensitive receptors are the residences located approximately 14 feet to the north of the
Project site. However, since construction activity would be intermittent and the use of heavy construction
equipment would be spread throughout the Project site and not concentrated at one specific location for
an extended period of time, it is assumed the concentration of construction activity for the purposes of
this vibration analysis would occur no closer than 50 feet from the nearest sensitive receptors. Table 9:
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Table 10: Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels, lists vibration levels at 25 and 50 feet for
typical construction equipment. Groundborne vibration generated by construction equipment spreads
through the ground and diminishes in magnitude with increases in distance. As indicated in Table 10,
based on FTA data, vibration velocities from typical heavy construction equipment operations that would
be used during Project construction range from 0.001 to 0.032 in/sec PPV at 50 feet from the source of
activity, which is below the FTA’s 0.20 PPV threshold for building damage and 80 VdB threshold for human
annoyance. Therefore, vibration impacts associated with the Project construction would be less than
significant.
Table 10: Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels
Equipment
Peak Particle
Velocity at 25 Feet
(in/sec)
Peak Particle
Velocity at 50 Feet
(in/sec)
Approximate VdB
at 25 Feet
Approximate VdB
at 50 Feet
Large Bulldozer 0.089 0.032 87 78
Loaded Trucks 0.076 0.027 86 77
Jackhammer 0.035 0.012 79 70
Small
Bulldozer/Tractors 0.003 0.001 58 49
Notes:
1. Calculated using the following formula: PPVequip = PPVref x (25/D)1.5, where: PPVequip = the peak particle velocity in in/sec of
the equipment adjusted for the distance; PPVref = the reference vibration level in in/sec from Table 7-4 of the Federal
Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018; D = the distance from the equipment
to the receiver.
2. Calculated using the following formula: Lv(D) = Lv(25 feet) - (30 x log10(D/25 feet)) per the FTA Transit Noise and Vibration
Impact Assessment Manual (2018).
Source: Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018.
Once operational, the Project would not be a significant source of groundborne vibration. Groundborne
vibration surrounding the Project currently result from heavy-duty vehicular travel (e.g., refuse trucks,
heavy duty trucks, delivery trucks, and transit buses) on the nearby local roadways. Operations of the
proposed Project would include residential activities that typically would not cause excessive ground-
borne vibrations. Due to the rapid drop-off rate of ground-borne vibration and the short duration of the
associated events, vehicular traffic-induced ground-borne vibration is rarely perceptible beyond the
roadway right-of-way, and rarely results in vibration levels that cause damage to buildings in the vicinity.
According to the FTA’s Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, trucks rarely create vibration levels
that exceed 70 VdB (equivalent to 0.012 inches per second PPV) when they are on roadways. Therefore,
trucks operating at the Project site or along surrounding roadways would not exceed FTA thresholds for
building damage or annoyance. Impacts would be less than significant in this regard.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less than significant impact.
Threshold 6.3 For a Project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or
public use airport, would the Project expose people residing or working in the Project
area to excessive noise levels?
The nearest airport to the Project site is the Ontario International Airport located approximately 9.42
miles to the southwest. Thus, the Project is not located within an airport land use plan or within two miles
City of Fontana Citrus West Residential Development Project
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of an airport and would not expose people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels.
No impact would occur in this regard.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less than significant impact.
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7 REFERENCES
1. California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis
Protocol, September 2013.
2. California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance
Manual, 2013.
3. City of Fontana, Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035,
https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/28271/Complete-Document---Approved-General-
Plan-Documents-11-13-2018, 2017.
4. City of Fontana, Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact
Report, https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/29524/Draft-Environmental-Impact-
Report-for-the-General-Plan-Update, accessed November 2, 2021.
5. Elliott H. Berger, Rick Neitzel, and Cynthia A. Kladden, Noise Navigator Sound Level Database with
Over 1700 Measurement Values, 2015.
6. Federal Highway Administration, Highway Traffic Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy and
Guidance, Noise Fundamentals,
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environMent/noise/regulations_and_guidance/polguide/polguide02.cf
m, accessed November 2, 2021.
7. Federal Highway Administration, Roadway Construction Noise Model, 2006.
8. Federal Interagency Committee on Noise, Federal Agency Review of Selected Airport Noise Analysis
Issues, August 1992.
9. Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, September
2018.
10. Kariel, H. G., Noise in Rural Recreational Environments, Canadian Acoustics 19(5), 3-10, 1991.
11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Protective Noise Levels (EPA 550/9-79-100), November 1979.
Appendix A
NOISE DATA
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Fontana Citrus West
Project Number: 195311004
Scenario:Existing
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution:Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70%12.70%9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43%5.05%7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10%2.84%8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
#Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph)Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Citrus Ave Casa Grande Ave to Summit Ave 4 14 1500 45 0 1.0%0.1%53.7 ---73
2 Citrus Ave Summit Ave to Curtis Ave 4 14 15,100 45 0 1.0%0.1%63.7 -74 233 738
3 Summit Ave Knox Ave to Citrus Ave 2 14 18,100 45 0 1.0%0.1%64.4 -86 273 864
4 Summit Ave Citrus Ave to Sierra Ave 4 14 6,900 45 0 1.0%0.1%60.3 --107 337
Page 1
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Fontana Citrus West
Project Number: 195311004
Scenario:Existing Plus Project
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution:Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70%12.70%9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43%5.05%7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10%2.84%8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
#Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph)Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Citrus Ave Casa Grande Ave to Summit Ave 4 14 2049 45 0 1.0%0.1%55.0 ---100
2 Citrus Ave Summit Ave to Curtis Ave 4 14 15,649 45 0 1.0%0.1%63.8 -76 242 764
3 Summit Ave Knox Ave to Citrus Ave 2 14 18,649 45 0 1.0%0.1%64.4 -89 281 890
4 Summit Ave Citrus Ave to Sierra Ave 4 14 7,449 45 0 1.0%0.1%60.5 --115 363
Page 5
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Fontana Citrus West
Project Number: 195311004
Scenario:Horizon Year
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution:Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70%12.70%9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43%5.05%7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10%2.84%8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
#Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph)Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Citrus Ave Casa Grande Ave to Summit Ave 4 14 4,000 45 0 1.0%0.1%57.9 --62 196
2 Citrus Ave Summit Ave to Curtis Ave 4 14 16,000 45 0 1.0%0.1%63.9 -78 247 782
3 Summit Ave Knox Ave to Citrus Ave 2 14 14,000 45 0 1.0%0.1%63.2 -67 211 668
4 Summit Ave Citrus Ave to Sierra Ave 4 14 11,000 45 0 1.0%0.1%62.3 -54 170 538
Page 9
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Fontana Citrus West
Project Number: 195311004
Scenario:Horizon Year Plus Project
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution:Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70%12.70%9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43%5.05%7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10%2.84%8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
#Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph)Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Citrus Ave Casa Grande Ave to Summit Ave 4 14 4,549 45 0 1.0%0.1%58.5 --70 222
2 Citrus Ave Summit Ave to Curtis Ave 4 14 16,549 45 0 1.0%0.1%64.1 -81 256 809
3 Summit Ave Knox Ave to Citrus Ave 2 14 14,549 45 0 1.0%0.1%63.4 -69 220 694
4 Summit Ave Citrus Ave to Sierra Ave 4 14 11,549 45 0 1.0%0.1%62.5 -56 178 564
Page 13
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:
Site No.: Date:10/7/2021
Analyst: Time:10:05 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq:Lmin:Lmax:Peak:
49.5 40.7 47.8 51.6
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):63
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Partly Cloudy
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:30.03
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:83%
Photo:
Citrus West
1
WeatherEquipment
Some construction, birds, cars
Melissa Thayer and Serena Lin
Southeast corner of Florentine Avenue and Doran Lane
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name FONT.005.s Computer's File Name LxTse_0005586-20211007 100540-FONT.005.ldbin
Meter LxT SE 0005586
Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2021-10-07 10:05:40 Duration 0:10:00.0
End Time 2021-10-07 10:15:40 Run Time 0:00:00.7 Pause Time 0:09:59.3
Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 49.5 dB
LAE 47.9 dB SEA --- dB
EA 0.0 µPa²h
LApeak 51.6 dB 2021-10-07 10:05:40
LASmax 47.8 dB 2021-10-07 10:05:41
LASmin 40.7 dB 2021-10-07 10:05:40
LAeq 49.5 dB
LCeq 55.9 dB LCeq - LA eq 6.5 dB
LAIeq 51.6 dB LAIeq - LAeq 2.1 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
49.5 dB 49.5 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
49.5 dB 49.5 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 49.5 dB 55.9 dB --- dB
Ls(max)47.8 dB 2021-10-07 10:05:41 --- dB --- dB
LS(min)40.7 dB 2021-10-07 10:05:40 --- dB --- dB
LPeak(max)51.6 dB 2021-10-07 10:05:40 --- dB --- dB
Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 47.8 dB
LAS 10.0 47.6 dB
LAS 33.3 40.8 dB
LAS 50.0 40.8 dB
LAS 66.6 40.7 dB
LAS 90.0 40.7 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:
Site No.: Date:10/7/2021
Analyst: Time:10:35 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq:Lmin:Lmax:Peak:
48.8 39.5 65.2 81.2
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):64
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Partly Cloudy
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:30.03
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:79%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Citrus West
2
Melissa Thayer and Serena Lin
Western corner of Seminole Way and Riverwood Lane
Cars
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name FONT.007.s Computer's File Name LxTse_-20211007 103553-FONT.007.ldbin
Meter LxT SE 0005586
Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2021-10-07 10:35:53 Duration 0:10:00.0
End Time 2021-10-07 10:45:53 Run Time 0:10:00.0 Pause Time 0:00:00.0
Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 48.8 dB
LAE 76.6 dB SEA --- dB
EA 5.0 µPa²h
LApeak 81.2 dB 2021-10-07 10:45:12
LASmax 65.2 dB 2021-10-07 10:45:12
LASmin 39.5 dB 2021-10-07 10:36:23
LAeq 48.8 dB
LCeq 63.4 dB LCeq - LA eq 14.6 dB
LAIeq 51.8 dB LAIeq - LAeq 3.1 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
48.8 dB 48.8 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
48.8 dB 48.8 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 48.8 dB 63.4 dB --- dB
Ls(max)65.2 dB 2021-10-07 10:45:12 --- dB --- dB
LS(min)39.5 dB 2021-10-07 10:36:23 --- dB --- dB
LPeak(max)81.2 dB 2021-10-07 10:45:12 --- dB --- dB
Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 54.3 dB
LAS 10.0 51.4 dB
LAS 33.3 46.1 dB
LAS 50.0 44.5 dB
LAS 66.6 43.0 dB
LAS 90.0 40.9 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:
Site No.: Date:10/7/2021
Analyst: Time:11:10 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq:Lmin:Lmax:Peak:
54.2 44.0 62.1 82.5
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):66
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Partly Cloudy
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:30.03
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:71%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Citrus West
3
Melissa Thayer and Serena Lin
Along the south side of Nuaimi Lane
Cars
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name FONT.009.s Computer's File Name LxTse_-20211007 110830-FONT.009.ldbin
Meter LxT SE 0005586
Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2021-10-07 11:08:30 Duration 0:10:00.0
End Time 2021-10-07 11:18:30 Run Time 0:10:00.0 Pause Time 0:00:00.0
Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 54.2 dB
LAE 82.0 dB SEA --- dB
EA 17.6 µPa²h
LApeak 82.5 dB 2021-10-07 11:18:28
LASmax 62.1 dB 2021-10-07 11:10:48
LASmin 44.0 dB 2021-10-07 11:17:32
LAeq 54.2 dB
LCeq 64.0 dB LCeq - LA eq 9.8 dB
LAIeq 55.5 dB LAIeq - LAeq 1.3 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
54.2 dB 54.2 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
54.2 dB 54.2 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 54.2 dB 64.0 dB --- dB
Ls(max)62.1 dB 2021-10-07 11:10:48 --- dB --- dB
LS(min)44.0 dB 2021-10-07 11:17:32 --- dB --- dB
LPeak(max)82.5 dB 2021-10-07 11:18:28 --- dB --- dB
Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 59.0 dB
LAS 10.0 57.6 dB
LAS 33.3 54.6 dB
LAS 50.0 52.9 dB
LAS 66.6 50.3 dB
LAS 90.0 46.6 dB
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:
Site No.: Date:10/7/2021
Analyst: Time:11:25 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq:Lmin:Lmax:Peak:
55.3 56.0 55.4 67.6
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):66
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Partly Cloudy
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:30.03
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:71%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Citrus West
4
Melissa Thayer and Serena Lin
Western side of Citrus Avenue
Cars, Electrical Lines
Measurement Report
Report Summary
Meter's File Name FONT.010.s Computer's File Name LxTse_0005586-20211007 112517-FONT.010.ldbin
Meter LxT SE 0005586
Firmware 2.404
User Location
Job Description
Note
Start Time 2021-10-07 11:25:17 Duration 0:10:00.0
End Time 2021-10-07 11:35:17 Run Time 0:00:01.4 Pause Time 0:09:58.6
Results
Overall Metrics
LAeq 55.3 dB
LAE 56.8 dB SEA --- dB
EA 0.1 µPa²h
LApeak 67.6 dB 2021-10-07 11:25:18
LASmax 56.0 dB 2021-10-07 11:25:17
LASmin 55.4 dB 2021-10-07 11:25:18
LAeq 55.3 dB
LCeq 65.9 dB LCeq - LA eq 10.5 dB
LAIeq 56.2 dB LAIeq - LAeq 0.9 dB
Exceedances Count Duration
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0:00:00.0
Community Noise LDN LDay LNight
55.3 dB 55.3 dB 0.0 dB
LDEN LDay LEve LNight
55.3 dB 55.3 dB --- dB --- dB
Any Data A C Z
Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp Level Time Stamp
Leq 55.3 dB 65.9 dB --- dB
Ls(max)56.0 dB 2021-10-07 11:25:17 --- dB --- dB
LS(min)55.4 dB 2021-10-07 11:25:18 --- dB --- dB
LPeak(max)67.6 dB 2021-10-07 11:25:18 --- dB --- dB
Overloads Count Duration OBA Count OBA Duration
0 0:00:00.0 0 0:00:00.0
Statistics
LAS 5.0 55.9 dB
LAS 10.0 55.9 dB
LAS 33.3 55.6 dB
LAS 50.0 55.4 dB
LAS 66.6 55.4 dB
LAS 90.0 55.4 dB
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 10/28/2021
Case Description: Architectural Coating
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential N Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Compressor (air) No 40 77.7 270.0 0.0
Compressor (air) No 40 77.7 270.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Compressor (air) 63.0 62.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Compressor (air) 63.0 62.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 63.0 65.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 10/28/2021
Case Description: Building Construction
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential N Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Crane No 16 80.6 270.0 0.0
Tractor No 40 84.0 270.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Crane 65.9 60.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tractor 69.4 68.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 69.4 69.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 10/28/2021
Case Description: Grading
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential N Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Dozer No 40 81.7 270.0 0.0
Grader No 40 85.0 270.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Dozer 67.0 66.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Grader 70.4 69.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 70.4 71.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 10/28/2021
Case Description: Paving
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential N Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Paver No 50 77.2 270.0 0.0
Roller No 20 80.0 270.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Paver 62.6 62.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roller 65.4 61.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 65.4 65.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date: 10/28/2021
Case Description: Site Preparation
**** Receptor #1 ****
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
----------- -------- ------- ------- -----
Residential N Residential 1.0 1.0 1.0
Equipment
---------
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Usage Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device (%) (dBA) (dBA) (feet) (dBA)
----------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ---------
Dozer No 40 81.7 270.0 0.0
Concrete Saw No 20 89.6 270.0 0.0
Results
-------
Noise Limits (dBA)
Noise Limit Exceedance (dBA)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Calculated (dBA) Day Evening
Night Day Evening Night
---------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Equipment Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax
L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10 Lmax L10
---------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Dozer 67.0 66.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Concrete Saw 74.9 70.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 74.9 72.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A