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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix D - Energy ReportsAPPENDIX D ENERGY Energy Building Energy Conservation Standards In June 1977, the California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission (now the California Energy Commission) adopted energy conservation standards for new residential and non- residential buildings, which the Commission updates every three years (Title 24, Part 6, of the California Code of Regulations). Title 24 requires the design of building shells and building components to conserve energy. The periodic update of these standards allow for consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficiency technologies and methods. On May 9, 2018, the California Energy Commission (CEC) adopted the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, which took effect on January 1, 2020. The 2019 Standards improved upon the previous 2016 Standards for new construction of and additions and alterations to residential and non-residential buildings. The 2019 Standards improved upon the previous 2016 Standards for new construction of and additions and alterations to residential and non- residential buildings. Implementation of the 2019 Title 24 standards result in residential buildings being approximately 7 percent more energy efficient, and when the required rooftop solar is factored in for low- rise residential construction, residential buildings that meet 2019 Title 24 standards would use approximately 53 percent less energy than those built to meet current standards.1 Senate Bill 350 In September 2015, then California Governor Jerry Brown signed Senate Bill (SB) 350 (de Leon) into law. This legislation established tiered increases to the Renewable Portfolio Standard: 40 percent by 2024, 45 percent by 2027, and 50 percent by 2030. Senate Bill 100 On September 10, 2018, Governor Brown signed SB 100 (De Leon). This legislation, referred to as “The 100 Percent Clean Energy Act of 2019,” increased the required Renewable Portfolio Standards. Under SB 100, the total kilowatt-hours (kWh)of energy sold by electricity retailers to their end-use customers must consist of at least 50 percent renewable resources by 2026, 60 percent renewable resources by 2030, and 100 percent renewable resources by 2045. SB 100 also establishes a State policy that eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources supply 100 percent of all retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers and 100 percent of electricity procured to serve all State agencies by December 31, 2045. Under the bill, the State cannot increase carbon emissions elsewhere in the western grid or allow resource shuffling to achieve the 100 percent carbon-free electricity target. Local Policies Fontana General Plan: Infrastructure and Green Systems Element Goal 7: Fontana is an energy efficient community. 1 California Energy Commission, 2019 Building Energy and Efficiency Standards Frequently Asked Questions Fact Sheet, Available at: https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-03/Title_24_2019_Building_Standards_FAQ_ada.pdf, accessed October 27, 2021. Policy 7.1: Promote renewable energy and distributed energy systems in new development and retrofits of existing development to work towards the highest levels of low- carbon energy-efficiency. Action 7.A: Promote participation in renewable energy programs. Action 7.B: Regional and state programs provide a wide range of programs to assist homeowners, other property owners, and businesses access renewable energy. Action 7.C: Promote state and regional retrofit programs for property owners. At the time of writing, these programs include: California Solar Initiative. This program provides rebates for solar installation to income-eligible owners of single-family homes and also has a program for affordable multifamily housing. Action 7.D: Encourage customer participation in renewable energy programs offered by Southern California Edison. Currently, two programs are available: Green Tariff: Customers can sign up with the utility to receive up to 100% of their energy from renewable sources. Enhanced Community Renewables (ECR): Under this “community solar” program, a developer of a local solar project sells shares in the solar electricity produced to customers, who sign up for at least 25% and as much as 100% of their monthly electricity demand. They pay the producer Streetside bioswales help runoff percolate into the ground, complementing traditional stormwater infrastructure while adding visual appeal. Approved and Adopted by City Council November 13, 2018 City Council Resolution 2018-096 City Council Resolution 2018-097 Chapter 10 Infrastructure and Green Systems 10.17 directly and receive a credit on their utility bill. Action 7.E: Work with the San Bernardino Regional Energy Partnership (SBREP) to access assistance to city government in energy efficiency. Action 7.F: Encourage industrial and other suitable non-residential developers to participate in the Enhanced Community Renewables program. This is a “distributed energy” and “community solar” system whereby the developers sell shares of electricity they do not use for their own activities to purchasers. Warehouse buildings with solar panel roofs may be very suitable for this program. Threshold (a) Would the project result in a potentially significant impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? Less Than Significant Impact. Electricity. Southern California Edison (SCE) provides electricity to the Project area.2The Project’s annual energy demand would total approximately 0.35 GWh.3 According to the California Energy Commission, the total electricity usage for San Bernardino County was approximately 15,968.52 GWh in 2020.4 The Project’s increase in electricity demand would represent an insignificant percent increase (less than one percent) compared to overall consumption in San Bernardino County. Therefore, projected electrical demand would not significantly affect SCE’s level of service. In addition, the Project design and materials would be subject to compliance with the most current Building Energy Efficiency Standards. The Project would also be required adhere to CALGreen provisions, which establish planning and design standards for sustainable site development, energy efficiency (in excess of the California Energy Code requirements), water conservation, material conservation, and internal air contaminants. Project development would not interfere with achievement of the 60 percent Renewable Portfolio Standard set forth in SB 100 for 2030 or the 100 percent standard for 2045. These goals apply to SCE and other electricity retailers. As electricity retailers reach these goals, emissions from end user electricity use would decrease from current emission estimates. Therefore, Project impacts on electric energy resources would be less than significant. Natural Gas. Southern California Gas (SoCal Gas) provides natural gas service to the Project area. The CalEEMod modeling outputs estimates that the Project’s annual natural gas demand would total approximately 1,236,870 KBtu.5 The total natural gas consumption for San Bernardino County was approximately 15,448,085,922 KBtu in 2020. According to 2020 California Gas Report, from 2020 to 2035, statewide annual gas requirements will decline from 4,194 (MMcf/d) to 3,594 (MMcf/d), while supplies remain constant.6 Therefore, the Project’s natural gas demand would represent a nominal percentage (less than one percent) of overall demand in the City and State. Therefore, the Project would result in a less than significant impact regarding natural gas. Fuel. During construction, transportation energy use depends on the type and number of trips, vehicle miles traveled, fuel efficiency of vehicles, and travel mode. Transportation energy use during construction would be associated with the transport and use of construction equipment, delivery vehicles and haul trucks, and construction employee vehicles that would use diesel fuel/gasoline. The Project would use 15,605 gallons of gasoline and 61,338 gallons of diesel fuel, which would increase the County’s fuel consumption by less than one percent. Most construction equipment during demolition and grading would be gas-powered or diesel-powered, however the later construction phases would require electricity-powered equipment. Impacts related to transportation energy use during construction would be temporary and would not require expanded energy supplies or the construction of new infrastructure; impacts would be less than significant. 3 4 5 6 Based on the CalEEMod version 2020.4.0 output data in Appendix D2. California Energy Commission, San Bernardino County Electricity Consumption, 2020, available at: http://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbycounty.aspx Based on the CalEEMod version 2020.4.0 output data in Appendix D2. California Gas and Electric Utilities, 2020 California Gas Report, 2020-2035 Table 7, accessed October 27, 2021. During operations, fuel consumption would be associated with residential activities such as driving cars and heating and cooling homes. The Project would result in an additional 630 vehicle trips; however vehicle fuel efficiency is expected to increase. Additionally, electric and hybrid vehicles are becoming more commonplace and are likely to become a larger part of future fleet mixes, which will lower the demand for gasoline or diesel fuel. The Project is close to public transportation, further reducing the need to drive. The City and surrounding areas are highly urbanized with numerous gasoline fuel facilities and infrastructure. Consequently, the proposed Project would not result in a substantial demand for energy that would require expanded supplies or the construction of other infrastructure or expansion of existing facilities. Existing rules and regulations concerning vehicle fuel consumption efficiencies would ensure that vehicle trips generated by the proposed Project would not be considered as inefficient, wasteful, or unnecessary. Therefore, the proposed Project would not result in wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources. Impacts are less than significant, and no mitigation is required. Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required. Level of Significance: Less than Significant Impact. Threshold (b) Would the project conflict with or obstruct a State or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? No Impact. The Infrastructure and Green Systems City Element of the Fontana General Plan provides a framework for the City to achieve its energy goals. Goals and policies under Goal 7 addresses plans to reduce GHGs, promote energy conservation, and incorporate sustainable building practices. Table 1: Project Consistency with the Infrastructure and Green Systems Element, provides an evaluation of Project consistency with applicable goals and policies. As shown in Table 1, the Project would comply with the applicable goals and policies of the General Plan. Table 1: Project Consistency with the Infrastructure and Green Systems Element Goals and Policies Project Consistency Analysis Goal 7: Fontana is an energy-efficient community. Policy 7.1: Promote renewable energy and distributed energy systems in new development and retrofits of existing development to work towards the highest levels of low-carbon energy-efficiency. Consistent. The Project would be required to comply with the latest Title 24 and CALGreen Energy Efficiency standards. In addition, the Project would obtain electricity from the electric utility, Southern California Edison (SCE). SCE obtained 36 percent of its power supply from renewable sources in 2019. Therefore, the utility would provide power when needed on site that is composed of a greater percentage of renewable sources. In addition, the Project would be designed in compliance with the applicable solar standards from Title 24 (if applicable), and the rooftops of the proposed buildings would be able to accommodate solar energy systems in the future. Action 7.A: Promote participation in renewable energy programs. Consistent. The Project would be required to comply with the latest Title 24 and CalGreen Energy Efficiency standards. In addition, future residents at the Project site would be able to participate in renewable energy programs (at their discretion). Action 7.B: Regional and state programs provide a wide range of programs to assist homeowners, other property owners, and businesses access renewable energy. Consistent. The Project would be required to comply with the latest Title 24 and CalGreen Energy Efficiency standards. In addition, the Project would be designed in Table 1: Project Consistency with the Infrastructure and Green Systems Element Goals and Policies Project Consistency Analysis compliance with applicable energy efficiency policy. Incentive programs would be available to future residents of the Project. Action 7.C: Promote state and regional retrofit programs for property owners. At the time of writing, these programs include: California Solar Initiative. This program provides rebates for solar installation to income-eligible owners of single-family homes and also has a program for affordable multifamily housing. Consistent. The Project would be required to comply with the latest Title 24 and CalGreen Energy Efficiency standards. In addition, the Project would be designed in compliance with applicable energy efficiency policy. Incentive programs (such as the California Solar Initiative) would be available to future residents of the Project. Action 7.D: Encourage customer participation in renewable energy programs offered by Southern California Edison. Currently, two programs are available: Green Tariff: Customers can sign up with the utility to receive up to 100% of their energy from renewable sources. Enhanced Community Renewables (ECR): Under this “community solar” program, a developer of a local solar project sells shares in the solar electricity produced to customers, who sign up for at least 25% and as much as 100% of their monthly electricity demand. They pay the producer Streetside bioswales help runoff percolate into the ground, complementing traditional stormwater infrastructure while adding visual appeal. Approved and Adopted by City Council November 13, 2018 City Council Resolution 2018-096 City Council Resolution 2018-097 Chapter 10 Infrastructure and Green Systems 10.17 directly and receive a credit on their utility bill Consistent. The Project would be required to comply with the latest Title 24 and CalGreen Energy Efficiency standards. In addition, the Project would be designed in compliance with applicable energy efficiency policy. Incentive programs (such as SCE’s renewable energy programs) would be available to future residents of the Project. Action 7.E: Work with the San Bernardino Regional Energy Partnership (SBREP) to access assistance to city government in energy efficiency. Not applicable. This action is specific to assistance for City government and does not apply to individual development projects. Action 7.F: Encourage industrial and other suitable non- residential developers to participate in the Enhanced Community Renewables program. This is a “distributed energy” and “community solar” system whereby the developers sell shares of electricity they do not use for their own activities to purchasers. Warehouse buildings with solar panel roofs may be very suitable for this program. Not Applicable. The Project is neither industrial nor non- residential, therefore Action 7.F does not apply. Source: City of Fontana, Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035, Infrastructure and Green Systems Element, adopted November 13, 2018. Additionally, State and local plans for renewable energy and energy efficiency include the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan, the 2019 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24), and the 2019 CALGreen standards. Compliance with these standards would ensure the Project incorporates energy efficient windows, insulation, lighting, ventilation systems, and other energy efficient design features to reduce energy consumption. Further, the Project would recycle and/or salvage a minimum of 65 percent of the nonhazardous construction and demolition waste per the 2019 CalGreen standards. Adherence to the CPUC’s energy requirements as well as the 2019 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24) and the 2019 CALGreen standards would ensure conformance with the State’s goal of promoting energy and lighting efficiency. In addition, Therefore, the proposed Project would result in less than significant impacts associated with renewable energy or energy efficiency plans. Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required. Level of Significance: Less than Significant Impact. APPENDIX D2 ENERGY CALCULATIONS Construction Fuel Consumption On-Site Diesel1 MTCO2e Gallons of Fuel4 Current County Fuel Percent Demolition 0 0 Site Preparation/Grading 43 4,249 Building Construction 268 26,420 Paving 40 3,978 Architectural Coating 6 630 Total 358 35,276 274,058,188 0.0129% Off-Site Diesel1 Demolition 0 0 Site Preparation/Grading 187 18,429 Building Construction 77 7,633 Paving 0 0 Architectural Coating 0 0 Total 265 26,062 274,058,188 0.0095% Off-Site Gasoline2 Demolition 0 0 Site Preparation/Grading 2 240 Building Construction 127 14,433 Paving 3 294 Architectural Coating 6 637 Total 137 15,605 872,693,814 0.0018% Total Diesel Fuel 61,338 274,058,188 0.0224% Total Gasoline Fuel 15,605 872,693,814 0.0018% Total Construction Fuel 760 76,943 On-Site Diesel (Off-Road) Off-Site Diesel (Hauling/Vendor) Off-Site Gas (Worker) On-Site Diesel (Off-Road) Off-Site Diesel (Hauling/Vendor) Off-Site Gas (Worker) On-Site Diesel (Off-Road) Off-Site Diesel (Hauling/Vendor) Off-Site Gas (Worker) 2022 17 1 16 114 1 2023 11 73 1 Total 0 0 0 17 0 1 26 187 1 On-Site Diesel (Off-Road) Off-Site Diesel (Hauling/Vendor) Off-Site Gas (Worker) On-Site Diesel (Off-Road) Off-Site Diesel (Hauling/Vendor) Off-Site Gas (Worker) On-Site Diesel (Off-Road) Off-Site Diesel (Hauling/Vendor) Off-Site Gas (Worker) 2023 268 77 127 40 3 6 6 Total 268 77 127 40 0 3 6 0 6 Notes: 1 Fuel used for off-road, hauling, and vendor trips assumed to be diesel. 2 Fuel used for worker trips assumed to be gasoline. 3 MTCO2e rates from CalEEMod (3.0 Construction Details). 4 For CO2e emissions, see Chapter 13 (page 94); Conversion Ratios: Climate Registry, General Reporting Protocol, 2016. Architectural Coating Construction Phase3 Demolition Site Preparation Grading Building Construction Paving Construction Phase3 Total Operational Fuel Vehicle Type Annual Fuel (Gallons)Fuel Type San Bernardino Gallons4 San Bernardino Percent Passenger Cars 92,707 Gas 872,693,814 0.0106%99,082 Annual Gallons of Gas Light/Medium Trucks 6,375 Gas 872,693,814 0.0007%6,153 Annual Gallons of Diesel Heavy Trucks/Other 6,153 Diesel 274,058,188 0.0022% Total 105,235 1,146,752,002 Operational Fuel Vehicle Type Percent1 Annual VMT2 MPG3 Annual Fuel (Gallons)Fuel Type Passenger Cars 0.93 2,002,466 21.6 92,707 Gas Light/Medium Trucks 0.05 109,653 17.2 6,375 Gas Heavy Trucks/Other 0.02 37,536 6.1 6,153 Diesel Total 1.00 2,151,165 105,235 Category LDA LDT1 LDT2 MCY MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD OBUS UBUS SBUS MH HHD Condo/Townhouse 0.5406 0.0561 0.1727 0.0251 0.1365 0.0263 0.0071 0.0117 0.0006 0.0003 0.0003 0.0048 0.0174 Notes: 1 Percent of vehicle trip distribution based on fleet mix from CalEEMod (4.4 Fleet Mix). 2 Total annual operational VMT based on mitigated annual VMT from CalEEMod (4.2 Trip Summary Information). 3 Average fuel economy derived from Department of Transportation. 4 Total annual county fuel per EMFAC 2017 model of projected operational fuel usage. 0.0114% Notes: 1 Percent of vehicle trip distribution based on fleet mix from CalEEMod (4.4 Fleet Mix). 2 Total annual operational VMT based on mitigated annual VMT from CalEEMod (4.2 Trip Summary Information). 3 Average fuel economy derived from Department of Transportation. 4 Total annual county fuel per EMFAC 2017 model of projected operational fuel usage. Elecricity/Natural Gas Energy Mitigated Project Annual Energy San Bernardino County Annual Energy3 Percentage Increase Electricity (kWh/yr) 346,918 15,968,515,540 0.0022% Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) 1,236,870 15,448,085,922 0.0080% Natural Gas (therms/yr) 12,369 527,236,428 0.0023% Unmitigated Mitigated Unmitigated Mitigated Landscape Condo/Townhouse 320,695 320,695 1,236,870 1,236,870 Parking Lot 26,223 26,223 Total Energy 346,918 346,918 1,236,870 1,236,870 Land Use Electricity1 (kWh/yr) Natural Gas 2 (kBTU/yr) Notes: 1 Electricity use per CalEEMod (5.3 Energy by Land Use). 2 Natural Gas use per CalEEMod (5.2 Natural Gas by Land Use). 3 County total energy values from California Energy Commission energy reports available through ecdms.energy.ca.gov.