HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix G - Noise AssessmentAppendix G
Noise Assessment
kimley-horn.com 1100 Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
MEMORANDUM
To: Kari Cano, Project Manager
From: Alex Pohlman
Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.
Date: August 23, 2022
Subject: Fontana Square Project – Noise Consistency Analysis
1.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of this memorandum is to outline the impacts related to air quality, greenhouse gas
(GHG), noise, and energy emissions associated with construction and operation of the revised Fontana
Square Project (“revised Project”) located in the City of Fontana, California. This consistency analysis
has been undertaken to analyze whether the revised Project would result in any new or substantially
more severe significant environmental impacts as compared to the conclusions discussed in The
Fontana Square Project Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration (“Original IS/MND” and
“original Project”). Updated CEQA analysis is required only if Project revisions would lead to
significantly different impacts to what was previously analyzed.
2.0 PROPOSED PROJECT
Project Location
The Project site is located in northern Fontana, in San Bernardino County (County). The proposed
Project site is located at 16014 S. Highland Avenue, south of State Route (SR) 210 (SR 210), north of
south Highland Avenue, east of Catawba Avenue, and west of Citrus Avenue, in the City of Fontana.
The Project site is bounded by SR 210 to the north, S. Highland Avenue and single-family residential to
the south, Citrus Avenue and vacant land to the east, and Catawba Avenue and vacant land to the west.
2.1 Original Project
The original Project proposed a commercial development composed of a banquet hall, a Holiday Inn
Express Hotel & Suite, a Staybridge Suites, a convenience Store / restaurant, and an In-N-Out Burger.
Due to the variety of services provided on-site, it is anticipated that the Holiday Inn Express Hotel and
Staybridge Suites, will operate 24/7, 7 day per weeks, 365 days a year. However, the other businesses
would operate during the regular business hours for that type of development.
2.2 Revised Project
The revised Project proposes similar uses but will expand the banquet hall and combined the
Staybridge Suites and Holiday Inn Express into a single building. The convenience store / restaurant
and In-N-Out Burger developments will remain unchanged. Similar to the original Project, it is
anticipated that the hotels in the revised Project will operate 24/7, 7 day per weeks, 365 days a year
Page 2
kimley-horn.com 1100 Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
and the other businesses would operate during the regular business hours for that type of
development.
2.3 Changes to Project
The Table 1: Differences Between Original and Revised Project
Project Components Original Project Revised Project Change
Banquet Hall
(Total Building Area)
Two Floors
(33,934 SF)
Two Floors
(38,907 SF)
(Increase of 4,973 SF)
Holiday Inn Express
(Total Building Area)
[Outdoor Pool and Deck]
Five Floors
(61,184 SF)
[2,119 SF) Combined Hotel
Five Floors
(121,094 SF)
[2,990 SF]
(Decrease of 27,969 SF)
[Decrease of 534 SF] Staybridge Suites
(Total Building Area)
[Outdoor Pool and Deck]
Five Floors
(87,879 SF)
[1,405 SF]
Restaurant / Convenience
Store
(Total Building Area)
(5,000 SF)
(5,000 SF)
No Change
In-N-Out Burger
(Total Building Area)
[Outdoor Seating]
(3,885 SF)
[500 SF]
(3,885 SF)
[500 SF]
No Change
Total Development Area 195,906 SF 172,376 SF Decrease of 23,530 SF
Total Building Footprint 64,164 SF 24,916 SF Decrease of 39,248 SF
Parking Spaces 450 455 Increase of 5 spaces
Daily Vehicle Trips 4,573 ADT 4,393 ADT Decrease of 180 ADT
SF= square feet, ADT = average daily trips
As shown in Table 1: Differences Between Original and Revised Project, the original Project would
include the same uses as the original Project but would expand the banquet hall and combine the two
hotels. Overall, the revised Project would decrease the total development area by 23,530 SF and
decrease the number of daily vehicle trips by 180.
Page 3
kimley-horn.com 1100 Town and Country Road, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868 714 939 1030
3.0 PROJECT SPECIFIC ANALYSIS
3.3 Noise
Construction
Construction of the revised Project would be similar to the original project, except for the expansion
of the banquet hall and the combination of the two hotel properties. The revised Project would reduce
the overall building footprint area by 39,248 SF when compared with the original Project and would
not require more intense construction activities or equipment. Therefore, noise impacts are not
anticipated to noticeably increase or result in additional impacts than those already analyzed in the
Original IS/MND. Therefore, the revised Project would not result in impacts beyond those identified
in the Original IS/MND and no further analysis is required.
Operations
The original project’s operational noise impacts were determined to be less than significant. The
revised Project will reduce the overall development and does not include any new uses when
compared to the original project. In addition, the hours of operation of the revised Project would be
similar to the original Project. Therefore, the revised Project would not result in impacts beyond those
identified in the Original IS/MND, and no further analysis is required.
Vibration
Project construction can generate varying degrees of groundborne vibration, depending on the
construction procedure and the construction equipment used. Since the revised Project decreases the
development area and would not require more intense construction activities or equipment,
construction vibration is not anticipated to noticeably increase or result in additional impacts that
those already analyzed in the Original IS/MND. In addition, the revised Project would not be a
substantial source of vibration during operations. Therefore, the revised Project’s vibration impacts
would be less than significant, and no further analysis is required.
Acoustical Assessment
Fontana Square Project
City of Fontana, California
Prepared by:
Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.
3880 Lemon Street, Suite 420
Riverside, California 92501
Contact: Mr. Alex Pohlman
951.543.9868
December 2021
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Location ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Project Description ................................................................................................................................... 1
2 ACOUSTIC FUNDAMENTALS
2.1 Sound and Environmental Noise .............................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Groundborne Vibration .......................................................................................................................... 10
3 REGULATORY SETTING
3.1 State of California ................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Local ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
4 EXISTING CONDITIONS
4.1 Existing Noise Sources ............................................................................................................................ 15
4.2 Noise Measurements ............................................................................................................................. 16
4.3 Sensitive Receptors ................................................................................................................................ 18
5 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY
5.1 CEQA Threshsolds .................................................................................................................................. 19
5.2 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 19
6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
6.1 Acoustical Impacts ................................................................................................................................. 21
6.2 Cumulative Noise Impacts ...................................................................................................................... 27
7 REFERENCES
References .............................................................................................................................................. 30
TABLES
Table 1 Typical Noise Levels .................................................................................................................................. 6
Table 2 Definitions of Acoustical Terms ................................................................................................................ 7
Table 3 Human Reaction and Damage to Buildings for Continuous or Frequent Intermittent Vibrations ......... 10
Table 4 Existing Traffic Noise Levels ................................................................................................................... 15
Table 5 Existing Noise Measurements ................................................................................................................ 16
Table 6 Typical Construction Noise Levels .......................................................................................................... 22
Table 7 Project Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receptor ........................................................................ 23
Table 8 Opening Year and Opening Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels ........................................................ 25
Table 9 Horizon Year and Horizon Year Plus Project Traffic noise Levels ........................................................... 25
Table 10 Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels ................................................................................. 26
Table 11 Cumulative Traffic Noise Levels ............................................................................................................. 29
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1 Regional Vicinity ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Exhibit 2 Site Vicinity ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Exhibit 3 Conceptual Site Plan ................................................................................................................................ 5
Exhibit 4 Noise Measurement Locations .............................................................................................................. 17
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Noise Measurements
Appendix B: Noise Data
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS
APN Assessor’s Parcel Number
ADT average daily traffic
dBA A-weighted sound level
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CLSP California Landings Specific Plan
CSMA California Subdivision Map Act
CNEL community equivalent noise level
Ldn day-night noise level
dB decibel
du/ac dwelling units per acre
Leq equivalent noise level
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
FTA Federal Transit Administration
HVAC heating ventilation and air conditioning
Hz hertz
HOA homeowner’s association
in/sec inches per second
Lmax maximum noise level
µPa micropascals
Lmin minimum noise level
PPV peak particle velocity
RMS root mean square
VdB vibration velocity level
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 1
1 INTRODUCTION
This report documents the results of an Acoustical Assessment completed for the Fontana Square Project
(“Project” or “Proposed Project”). The purpose of this Acoustical Assessment is to evaluate the potential
construction and operational noise and vibration levels associated with the Project and determine the
level of impact the Project would have on the environment.
1.1 Project Location and Setting
The Project site is located in northern Fontana, in San Bernardino County (County); refer to Exhibit 1:
Regional Vicinity. The proposed Project site is located at 16014 S. Highland Avenue, south of State Route
(SR) 210 (SR 210), north of south Highland Avenue, east of Catawba Avenue, and west of Citrus Avenue,
in the City of Fontana. The Project site is bounded by SR 210 to the north, S. Highland Avenue and single-
family residential to the south, Citrus Avenue and vacant land to the east, and Catawba Avenue and vacant
land to the west; Exhibit 2: Site Vicinity.
The Project site is a vacant rectangular-shaped site on 8.876-acres. Historical images show that the Project
site was previously developed on the southern half of the site with residential dwelling units. The Project
site is currently vacant and shows signs of ruderal grasses, but no native habitat remains on-site. The
Project site has a General Plan land use designation of General Commercial (C-G) and is within the General
Commercial (C-2) Zoning District.
1.2 Project Description
The proposed Project is a commercial development composed of a banquet hall (Development A), a
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suite (Development B), a Staybridge Suites (Development C), a C-
Store/Restaurant (Development D), and an In-N-Out Burger (Development E); refer to Exhibit 3:
Conceptual Site Plan. Due to the variety of services provided on-site, it is anticipated that developments
like the Developments B and C will operate 24/7, 7 day per weeks, 365 days a year. However, the balance
of the proposed developments would operate during regular business hours for that type of development.
Development Area (A): Banquet Hall
The proposed Project consists of the construction of a new one-story (approximately 29’-6”) banquet hall
(27,880-square-feet) with an 960-seating capacity. The banquet hall would be located on the northwest
corner of the site on 1.65-acres of the overall Project site. Main entrance for guest would be provided on
the east side of the building via two lobbies located on the northeast and southeast corners of the
building. The building would provide a full kitchen, break room, dish washer, two dry storage rooms, walk
in cooler, walk in freezer, men & women restrooms, and two bride rooms.
Development Area (B): Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites
Development B would be a 4-story building at approximately 57’-6” in height. The hotel would be
generally located on the western half of the site on 2.28-acres of the overall Project site. The main
entrance for guests would be provided on the east side of the building via one lobby located on the
southeast corner of the building. Development B would provide 124 hotel rooms and associated amenities
such as pool, hot tub, and patio.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 2
Development Area (C): Staybridge Suites
Development C would be a 4-story building at approximately 49’-9” in height. The hotel would be
generally located on the eastern half of the site on 2.6-acres of the overall Project site. The main entrance
for guest would be located on the south side of the building via one lobby generally located on the
southeast portion of the building. Development C would provide 127 hotel rooms and associated
amenities such as pool, hot tub, and patio.
Development Area (D): C-Store Area/Restaurant
Development D would be a one-story building at approximately 22’-9” in height. The proposed use would
be generally located on the eastern portion of the site and would have an approximate 4,328-square-feet
of seating area. The main entrance would be located on the southeast corner of the building.
Development D would provide sit-down dining opportunities, but tenants are to be determined.
Development Area (E): In-N-Out Burger
Development E would be a one-story building at approximately 22’-9” in height. The fast-food restaurant
would be located on the northeast portion of the site and would have an approximate 3,168-square-feet
of seating area. Development E would include a drive-thru and provide sit-down dining opportunities.
Landscaping
Landscaping would be provided on approximately 20 percent (65,155 square feet) of the Project site.
Project Circulation
Main ingress and egress to the site would be via a 56’-foot-wide driveway (Driveway No.1) located directly
across from Tokay Avenue. Driveway No.1 would allow for full ingress movements on all directions but
would only allow eastbound and westbound egress onto S. Highland Avenue. Driveway No. 2 is a 35’-foot-
wide driveway located on the southwest corner of the site, directly across from Jacaranda Avenue.
Driveway No.3 is an approximately 23’-foot-wide driveway located on the northwest corner of the site
with direct access to Catawba Avenue. Driveway No. 4 is a 35’-foot-wide driveway located southeast
portion of the site, directly across Cherimoya Avenue.
Parking
The Project would provide 452 parking stalls, with most of the vehicle parking located on south end of the
site, along S. Highland Avenue and Citrus Avenue. Parking is also provided throughout the site and
between the various establishments.
Project Phasing and Construction
The Project is anticipated to be developed in one phase. Should the Project be approved, construction is
anticipated to occur over a duration of approximately 18 months, beginning in March 2022 and completed
by the end of August 2023.
?zE
!"a$
!"`$
A³H A³H
?zE
!"`$
%&h(
!"a$
Project Site
EXHIBIT 1: Regional VicinityFontana Square Project
Source: ESRI World Street Map K:\RIV_GIS\195270002 - Fontana Square\01 Regional Vicinity.mxd021
Miles
^_
EXHIBIT 2: Site VicinityFontana Square Project
Source: ESRI World Imagery K:\RIV_GIS\195270002 - Fontana Square\02 Site Vicinity.mxd0200100
Feet
PROJECT SITE
S. HIGHLAND AVENUE CITRUS AVENUECATAWBA AVENUEA³H
HIGHLAND AVENUE
EXHIBIT 3: Conceptual Site PlanFontana Square Project
Source: ACE Design, Site Plan 5/3/2021 K:\RIV_GIS\195270002 - Fontana Square\03 Conceptual Site Plan.mxd0200100
Feet
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 6
2 ACOUSTIC FUNDAMENTALS
2.1 Sound and Environmental Noise
Acoustics is the science of sound. Sound can be described as the mechanical energy of a vibrating object
transmitted by pressure waves through a medium (e.g. air) to human (or animal) ear. If the pressure
variations occur frequently enough (at least 20 times per second), they can be heard and are called sound.
The number of pressure variations per second is called the frequency of sound and is expressed as cycles
per second, or hertz (Hz).
Noise is defined as loud, unexpected, or annoying sound. In acoustics, the fundamental model consists of
a noise source, a receptor, and the propagation path between the two. The loudness of the noise source,
obstructions, or atmospheric factors affecting the propagation path, determine the perceived sound level
and noise characteristics at the receptor. Acoustics deal primarily with the propagation and control of
sound. A typical noise environment consists of a base of steady background noise that is the sum of many
distant and indistinguishable noise sources. Superimposed on this background noise is the sound from
individual local sources. These sources can vary from an occasional aircraft or train passing by to
continuous noise from traffic on a major highway. Perceptions of sound and noise are highly subjective
from person to person.
Measuring sound directly in terms of pressure would require a large range of numbers. To avoid this, the
decibel (dB) scale was devised. The dB scale uses the hearing threshold of 20 micropascals (µPa) as a point
of reference, defined as 0 dB. Other sound pressures are then compared to this reference pressure, and
the logarithm is taken to keep the numbers in a practical range. The dB scale allows a million-fold increase
in pressure to be expressed as 120 dB, and changes in levels correspond closely to human perception of
relative loudness. Table 1: Typical Noise Levels provides typical noise levels.
Table 1: Typical Noise Levels
Common Outdoor Activities Noise Level (dBA) Common Indoor Activities
– 110 – Rock Band
Jet fly-over at 1,000 feet
– 100 –
Gas lawnmower at 3 feet
– 90 –
Diesel truck at 50 feet at 50 miles per hour Food blender at 3 feet
– 80 – Garbage disposal at 3 feet
Noisy urban area, daytime
Gas lawnmower, 100 feet – 70 – Vacuum cleaner at 10 feet
Commercial area Normal Speech at 3 feet
Heavy traffic at 300 feet – 60 –
Large business office
Quiet urban daytime – 50 – Dishwasher in next room
Quiet urban nighttime – 40 – Theater, large conference room (background)
Quiet suburban nighttime
– 30 – Library
Quiet rural nighttime Bedroom at night, concert hall (background)
– 20 –
Broadcast/recording studio
– 10 –
Lowest threshold of human hearing – 0 – Lowest threshold of human hearing
Source: California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol, September 2013.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 7
Noise Descriptors
The dB scale alone does not adequately characterize how humans perceive noise. The dominant
frequencies of a sound have a substantial effect on the human response to that sound. Several rating
scales have been developed to analyze the adverse effect of community noise on people. Because
environmental noise fluctuates over time, these scales consider that the effect of noise on people is largely
dependent on the total acoustical energy content of the noise, as well as the time of day when the noise
occurs. The equivalent noise level (Leq) represents the continuous sound pressure level over the
measurement period, while the day-night noise level (Ldn) and Community Equivalent Noise Level (CNEL)
are measures of energy average during a 24-hour period, with dB weighted sound levels from 7:00 p.m.
to 7:00 a.m. Most commonly, environmental sounds are described in terms of Leq that has the same
acoustical energy as the summation of all the time-varying events. Each is applicable to this analysis and
defined in Table 2: Definitions of Acoustical Terms.
Table 2: Definitions of Acoustical Terms
Term Definitions
Decibel (dB) A unit describing the amplitude of sound, equal to 20 times the logarithm to the base 10
of the ratio of the pressure of the sound measured to the reference pressure. The reference
pressure for air is 20.
Sound Pressure Level Sound pressure is the sound force per unit area, usually expressed in µPa (or 20
micronewtons per square meter), where 1 pascals is the pressure resulting from a force of
1 newton exerted over an area of 1 square meter. The sound pressure level is expressed in
dB as 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio between the pressures exerted by
the sound to a reference sound pressure (e.g. 20 µPa). Sound pressure level is the quantity
that is directly measured by a sound level meter.
Frequency (Hz) The number of complete pressure fluctuations per second above and below atmospheric
pressure. Normal human hearing is between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Infrasonic sound are
below 20 Hz and ultrasonic sounds are above 20,000 Hz.
A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA) The sound pressure level in dB as measured on a sound level meter using the A-weighting
filter network. The A-weighting filter de-emphasizes the very low and very high frequency
components of the sound in a manner similar to the frequency response of the human ear
and correlates well with subjective reactions to noise.
Equivalent Noise Level (Leq) The average acoustic energy content of noise for a stated period of time. Thus, the Leq of a
time-varying noise and that of a steady noise are the same if they deliver the same acoustic
energy to the ear during exposure. For evaluating community impacts, this rating scale
does not vary, regardless of whether the noise occurs during the day or the night.
Maximum Noise Level (Lmax)
Minimum Noise Level (Lmin)
The maximum and minimum dBA during the measurement period.
Exceeded Noise Levels
(L01, L10, L50, L90)
The dBA values that are exceeded 1%, 10%, 50%, and 90% of the time during the
measurement period.
Day-Night Noise Level (Ldn) A 24-hour average Leq with a 10 dBA weighting added to noise during the hours of 10:00
p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to account for noise sensitivity at nighttime. The logarithmic effect of
these additions is that a 60 dBA 24-hour Leq would result in a measurement of 66.4 dBA Ldn.
Community Noise Equivalent
Level (CNEL)
A 24-hour average Leq with a 5 dBA weighting during the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.
and a 10 dBA weighting added to noise during the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to
account for noise sensitivity in the evening and nighttime, respectively. The logarithmic
effect of these additions is that a 60 dBA 24-hour Leq would result in a measurement of 66.7
dBA CNEL.
Ambient Noise Level The composite of noise from all sources near and far. The normal or existing level of
environmental noise at a given location.
Intrusive That noise which intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given location.
The relative intrusiveness of a sound depends on its amplitude, duration, frequency, and
time of occurrence and tonal or informational content as well as the prevailing ambient
noise level.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 8
The A-weighted decibel (dBA) sound level scale gives greater weight to the frequencies of sound to which
the human ear is most sensitive. Because sound levels can vary markedly over a short period of time, a
method for describing either the average character of the sound or the statistical behavior of the
variations must be utilized. Most commonly, environmental sounds are described in terms of an average
level that has the same acoustical energy as the summation of all the time-varying events.
The scientific instrument used to measure noise is the sound level meter. Sound level meters can
accurately measure environmental noise levels to within about plus or minus 1 dBA. Various computer
models are used to predict environmental noise levels from sources, such as roadways and airports. The
accuracy of the predicted models depends on the distance between the receptor and the noise source.
A-Weighted Decibels
The perceived loudness of sounds is dependent on many factors, including sound pressure level and
frequency content. However, within the usual range of environmental noise levels, perception of loudness
is relatively predictable and can be approximated by dBA values. There is a strong correlation between
dBA and the way the human ear perceives sound. For this reason, the dBA has become the standard tool
of environmental noise assessment. All noise levels reported in this document are in terms of dBA, but
are expressed as dB, unless otherwise noted.
Addition of Decibels
The dB scale is logarithmic, not linear, and therefore sound levels cannot be added or subtracted through
ordinary arithmetic. Two sound levels 10 dB apart differ in acoustic energy by a factor of 10. When the
standard logarithmic dB is A-weighted, an increase of 10 dBA is generally perceived as a doubling in
loudness. For example, a 70-dBA sound is half as loud as an 80-dBA sound and twice as loud as a 60-dBA
sound. When two identical sources are each producing sound of the same loudness, the resulting sound
level at a given distance would be 3 dBA higher than one source under the same conditions. Under the dB
scale, three sources of equal loudness together would produce an increase of 5 dBA.
Sound Propagation and Attenuation
Sound spreads (propagates) uniformly outward in a spherical pattern, and the sound level decreases
(attenuates) at a rate of approximately 6 dB for each doubling of distance from a stationary or point
source. Sound from a line source, such as a highway, propagates outward in a cylindrical pattern. Sound
levels attenuate at a rate of approximately 3 dB for each doubling of distance from a line source, such as
a roadway, depending on ground surface characteristics. No excess attenuation is assumed for hard
surfaces like a parking lot or a body of water. Soft surfaces, such as soft dirt or grass, can absorb sound,
so an excess ground-attenuation value of 1.5 dB per doubling of distance is normally assumed. For line
sources, an overall attenuation rate of 3 dB per doubling of distance is assumed.
Noise levels may also be reduced by intervening structures; generally, a single row of buildings between
the receptor and the noise source reduces the noise level by about 5 dBA, while a solid wall or berm
reduces noise levels by 5 to 10 dBA. The way older homes in California were constructed generally
provides a reduction of exterior-to-interior noise levels of about 20 to 25 dBA with closed windows. The
exterior-to-interior reduction of newer residential units is generally 30 dBA or more.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 9
Human Response to Noise
The human response to environmental noise is subjective and varies considerably from individual to
individual. Noise in the community has often been cited as a health problem, not in terms of actual
physiological damage, such as hearing impairment, but in terms of inhibiting general well-being and
contributing to undue stress and annoyance. The health effects of noise in the community arise from
interference with human activities, including sleep, speech, recreation, and tasks that demand
concentration or coordination. Hearing loss can occur at the highest noise intensity levels.
Noise environments and consequences of human activities are usually well represented by median noise
levels during the day or night or over a 24-hour period. Environmental noise levels are generally
considered low when the CNEL is below 60 dBA, moderate in the 60 to 70 dBA range, and high above 70
dBA. Examples of low daytime levels are isolated, natural settings with noise levels as low as 20 dBA and
quiet, suburban, residential streets with noise levels around 40 dBA. Noise levels above 45 dBA at night
can disrupt sleep. Examples of moderate-level noise environments are urban residential or semi-
commercial areas (typically 55 to 60 dBA) and commercial locations (typically 60 dBA). People may
consider louder environments adverse, but most will accept the higher levels associated with noisier
urban residential or residential-commercial areas (60 to 75 dBA) or dense urban or industrial areas (65 to
80 dBA). Regarding increases in dBA, the following relationships should be noted:
· Except in carefully controlled laboratory experiments, a 1-dBA change cannot be perceived by
humans.
· Outside of the laboratory, a 3-dBA change is considered a just-perceivable difference.
· A minimum 5-dBA change is required before any noticeable change in community response would
be expected. A 5-dBA increase is typically considered substantial.
· A 10-dBA change is subjectively heard as an approximate doubling in loudness and would almost
certainly cause an adverse change in community response.
Effects of Noise on People
Hearing Loss. While physical damage to the ear from an intense noise impulse is rare, a degradation of
auditory acuity can occur even within a community noise environment. Hearing loss occurs mainly due to
chronic exposure to excessive noise but may be due to a single event such as an explosion. Natural hearing
loss associated with aging may also be accelerated from chronic exposure to loud noise. The Occupational
Safety and Health Administration has a noise exposure standard that is set at the noise threshold where
hearing loss may occur from long-term exposures. The maximum allowable level is 90 dBA averaged over
8 hours. If the noise is above 90 dBA, the allowable exposure time is correspondingly shorter.
Annoyance. Attitude surveys are used for measuring the annoyance felt in a community for noises
intruding into homes or affecting outdoor activity areas. In these surveys, it was determined that causes
for annoyance include interference with speech, radio and television, house vibrations, and interference
with sleep and rest. The Ldn as a measure of noise has been found to provide a valid correlation of noise
level and the percentage of people annoyed. People have been asked to judge the annoyance caused by
aircraft noise and ground transportation noise. There continues to be disagreement about the relative
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 10
annoyance of these different sources. A noise level of about 55 dBA Ldn is the threshold at which a
substantial percentage of people begin to report annoyance.1
2.2 Groundborne Vibration
Sources of groundborne vibrations include natural phenomena (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, sea
waves, landslides, etc.) or man-made causes (explosions, machinery, traffic, trains, construction
equipment, etc.). Vibration sources may be continuous (e.g. factory machinery) or transient (e.g.
explosions). Ground vibration consists of rapidly fluctuating motions or waves with an average motion of
zero. Several different methods are typically used to quantify vibration amplitude. One is the peak particle
velocity (PPV); another is the root mean square (RMS) velocity. The PPV is defined as the maximum
instantaneous positive or negative peak of the vibration wave. The RMS velocity is defined as the average
of the squared amplitude of the signal. The PPV and RMS vibration velocity amplitudes are used to
evaluate human response to vibration.
Table 3: Human Reaction and Damage to Buildings for Continuous or Frequent Intermittent Vibrations,
displays the reactions of people and the effects on buildings produced by continuous vibration levels. The
annoyance levels shown in the table should be interpreted with care since vibration may be found to be
annoying at much lower levels than those listed, depending on the level of activity or the sensitivity of the
individual. To sensitive individuals, vibrations approaching the threshold of perception can be annoying.
Low-level vibrations frequently cause irritating secondary vibration, such as a slight rattling of windows,
doors, or stacked dishes. The rattling sound can give rise to exaggerated vibration complaints, even
though there is very little risk of actual structural damage. In high noise environments, which are more
prevalent where groundborne vibration approaches perceptible levels, this rattling phenomenon may also
be produced by loud airborne environmental noise causing induced vibration in exterior doors and
windows.
Table 3: Human Reaction and Damage to Buildings for Continuous or Frequent Intermittent Vibrations
Maximum
PPV (in/sec)
Vibration Annoyance
Potential Criteria
Vibration Damage Potential
Threshold Criteria FTA Vibration Damage Criteria
0.008 -- Extremely fragile historic buildings,
ruins, ancient monuments --
0.01 Barely Perceptible -- --
0.04 Distinctly Perceptible -- --
0.1 Strongly Perceptible Fragile buildings --
0.12 -- -- Buildings extremely susceptible to vibration
damage
0.2 -- -- Non-engineered timber and masonry buildings
0.25 -- Historic and some old buildings --
0.3 -- Older residential structures Engineered concrete and masonry (no plaster)
0.4 Severe -- --
0.5 -- New residential structures, Modern
industrial/commercial buildings Reinforced-concrete, steel or timber (no plaster)
PPV = peak particle velocity; in/sec = inches per second; FTA = Federal Transit Administration
Source: California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, 2020 and Federal Transit
administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Assessment Manual, 2018.
Ground vibration can be a concern in instances where buildings shake, and substantial rumblings occur.
However, it is unusual for vibration from typical urban sources such as buses and heavy trucks to be
1 Federal Interagency Committee on Noise, Federal Agency Review of Selected Airport Noise Analysis Issues, August 1992.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 11
perceptible. Common sources for groundborne vibration are planes, trains, and construction activities
such as earth-moving which requires the use of heavy-duty earth moving equipment. For the purposes of
this analysis, a PPV descriptor with units of inches per second (in/sec) is used to evaluate construction-
generated vibration for building damage and human complaints.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 12
3 REGULATORY SETTING
To limit population exposure to physically or psychologically damaging as well as intrusive noise levels,
the Federal government, the State of California, various county governments, and most municipalities in
the state have established standards and ordinances to control noise.
3.1 State of California
California Government Code
California Government Code Section 65302(f) mandates that the legislative body of each county and city
adopt a noise element as part of its comprehensive general plan. The local noise element must recognize
the land use compatibility guidelines established by the State Department of Health Services. The
guidelines rank noise land use compatibility in terms of “normally acceptable”, “conditionally acceptable”,
“normally unacceptable”, and “clearly unacceptable” noise levels for various land use types. Single-family
homes are “normally acceptable” in exterior noise environments up to 60 CNEL and “conditionally
acceptable” up to 70 CNEL. Multiple-family residential uses are “normally acceptable” up to 65 CNEL and
“conditionally acceptable” up to 70 CNEL. Schools, libraries, and churches are “normally acceptable” up
to 70 CNEL, as are office buildings and business, commercial, and professional uses.
Title 24 – Building Code
The State’s noise insulation standards are codified in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24: Part 1,
Building Standards Administrative Code, and Part 2, California Building Code. These noise standards are
applied to new construction in California for interior noise compatibility from exterior noise sources. The
regulations specify that acoustical studies must be prepared when noise-sensitive structures, such as
residential buildings, schools, or hospitals, are located near major transportation noise sources, and
where such noise sources create an exterior noise level of 65 dBA CNEL or higher. Acoustical studies that
accompany building plans must demonstrate that the structure has been designed to limit interior noise
in habitable rooms to acceptable noise levels. For new multi-family residential buildings, the acceptable
interior noise limit for new construction is 45 dBA CNEL.
3.2 Local
City of Fontana General Plan
Adopted on November 13, 2018, the Fontana Forward General Plan Update 2015-2035 (Fontana General
Plan) identifies noise standards that are used as guidelines to evaluate transportation noise level impacts.
These standards are also used to assess the long-term traffic noise impacts on specific land uses. According
to the Fontana General Plan, land uses such as residences have acceptable exterior noise levels of up to
65 dBA CNEL. Based on the guidelines in the Fontana General Plan, an exterior noise level of 65 dBA CNEL
is generally considered the maximum exterior noise level for sensitive receptors.
Land uses near these significant noise-producers can incorporate buffers and noise control techniques
including setbacks, landscaping, building transitions, site design, and building construction techniques to
reduce the impact of excessive noise. Selection of the appropriate noise control technique would vary
depending on the level of noise that needs to be reduced as well as the location and intended land use.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 13
The City has adopted the Noise and Safety Element as a part of the updated Fontana General Plan. The
Noise and Safety Element specifies the maximum allowable unmitigated exterior noise levels for new
developments impacted by transportation noise sources. Additionally, the Noise and Safety Element
identifies transportation noise policies designed to protect, create, and maintain an environment free of
harmful noise that could impact the health and welfare of sensitive receptors. The following Fontana
General Plan goals, policies, and actions for addressing noise are applicable to the Project:
Goal 8: The City of Fontana protects sensitive land uses from excessive noise by diligent planning
through 2035.
Policy 8.2: Noise-tolerant land uses shall be guided into areas irrevocably committed to
land uses that are noise-producing, such as transportation corridors.
Policy 8.4: Noise spillover or encroachment from commercial, industrial and educational
land uses shall be minimized into adjoining residential neighborhoods or
noise-sensitive uses.
Action C: The State of California Office of Planning and Research General Plan
Guidelines shall be followed with respect to acoustical study requirements.
Goal 9: The City of Fontana provides a diverse and efficiently operated ground transportation
system that generates the minimum feasible noise on its residents through 2035.
Policy 9.1: All noise sections of the State Motor Vehicle Code shall be enforced.
Policy 9.2: Roads shall be maintained such that the paving is in good condition and free
of cracks, bumps, and potholes.
Action A: On-road trucking activities shall continue to be regulated in the City to ensure
noise impacts are minimized, including the implementation of truck-routes
based on traffic studies.
Action B: Development that generates increased traffic and subsequent increases in
the ambient noise level adjacent to noise-sensitive land uses shall provide
appropriate mitigation measures.
Action D: Explore the use of “quiet pavement” materials for street improvements.
Goal 10: Fontana’s residents are protected from the negative effects of “spillover” noise.
Policy 10.1: Residential land uses and areas identified as noise-sensitive shall be
protected from excessive noise from non-transportation sources including
industrial, commercial, and residential activities and equipment.
Action A: Projects located in commercial areas shall not exceed stationary-source noise
standards at the property line of proximate residential or commercial uses.
Action B: Industrial uses shall not exceed commercial or residential stationary source
noise standards at the most proximate land uses.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 14
Action C: Non-transportation noise shall be considered in land use planning decisions.
Action D: Construction shall be performed as quietly as feasible when performed in
proximity to residential or other noise sensitive land uses.
City of Fontana Municipal Code
Standards established under the City of Fontana Municipal Code (Municipal Code) are used to analyze
noise impacts originating from the Project. Operational noise impacts are typically governed by Fontana
Municipal Code Sections 18-61 through 18-67. However, the City currently relies on delineated general
industrial areas. According to the General Plan Noise and Safety section, these areas are buffered from
residential uses through land use zoning that places either light industrial or commercial uses between
the major manufacturers involved in heavy industrial uses and local residents. This separation of land uses
meaning noise intrusion on conforming land uses is not a problem at this time.
Guidelines for non-transportation and stationary noise source impacts from operations at private
properties are found in the Zoning and Development Code in Chapter 30 of the Fontana Municipal Code.
Applicable guidelines indicate that no person shall create or cause any sound exceeding the City’s stated
noise performance standards measured at the property line of any residentially zoned property. Per
Fontana Municipal Code Section 30-543(A), the performance standards for exterior noise emanating from
any property are 70 dBA between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. and 65 dBA during the noise-
sensitive hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. at residential uses. For this analysis, a 65-dBA nighttime noise
level standard is conservatively used to analyze potential noise impacts at off-site residential receptors
within the City of Fontana.
The City has also set restrictions to control noise impacts from construction activities. Section 18-63(b)(7)
states that the erection (including excavation), demolition, alteration, or repair of any structure shall only
occur between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of 8:00 a.m.
and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays, except in the case of urgent necessity or otherwise approved by the City of
Fontana. Although the Fontana Municipal Code limits the hours of construction, it does not provide
specific noise level performance standards for construction.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 15
4 EXISTING CONDITIONS
4.1 Existing Noise Sources
The City is impacted by various noise sources. Mobile sources of noise, especially cars, trucks, and trains
are the most common and significant sources of noise. Other noise sources are the various land uses (i.e.
residential, commercial, institutional, and recreational and parks activities) throughout the City that
generate stationary-source noise.
Mobile Sources
Existing roadway noise levels were calculated for the roadway segments in the Project vicinity. This task
was accomplished using the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highway Traffic Noise Prediction
Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) and existing traffic volumes from the Traffic Impact Study for the Fontana
Square Project, prepared by Kimley-Horn (October 2021) (Traffic Impact Study). The noise prediction
model calculates the average noise level at specific locations based on traffic volumes, average speeds,
roadway geometry, and site environmental conditions. The average vehicle noise rates (also referred to
as energy rates) used in the FHWA model have been modified to reflect average vehicle noise rates
identified for California by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The Caltrans data
indicates that California automobile noise is 0.8 to 1.0 dBA higher than national levels and that medium
and heavy truck noise is 0.3 to 3.0 dBA lower than national levels. The average daily noise levels along
roadway segments in proximity to the Project site are included in Table 4: Existing Traffic Noise Levels. As
shown in Table 4, existing traffic noise levels in the Project vicinity range between 62.7 dBA CNEL and 70.0
dBA CNEL.
Stationary Sources
The primary sources of stationary noise in the Project vicinity are those associated with liquor store to the
west and residential properties to the south of the Project. The noise associated with these sources may
represent a single-event noise occurrence or short-term noise. Other noises include mechanical
equipment (e.g., heating ventilation and air conditioning [HVAC] equipment), dogs barking, idling vehicles,
and residents talking.
Table 4: Existing Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment ADT dBA CNEL1
Highland Avenue
Beech Avenue to Citrus Avenue 7,014 62.7
Citrus Avenue to Oleander Avenue 11,327 64.9
Citrus Avenue
SR-210 to Highland Avenue 36,783 70.0
Highland Avenue to Walnut Avenue 28,628 68.9
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
1. Traffic noise levels are at 100 feet from the roadway centerline.
Source: Based on traffic data provided by Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., October 2021. Refer to Appendix B for traffic noise modeling results.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 16
4.2 Noise Measurements
The Project site is currently vacant with a liquor store located adjacent to the west and single-family
residential to the south. To quantify existing ambient noise levels in the Project area, Kimley-Horn
conducted four short-term noise measurements on October 13, 2021; see Appendix A: Existing Ambient
Noise Measurements. The noise measurement sites were representative of typical existing noise exposure
within and immediately adjacent to the Project site. The 10-minute measurements were taken between
11:15 a.m. and 11:54 a.m. Measurements of Leq are considered representative of the noise levels
throughout the day. The average noise levels and sources of noise measured at each location are listed in
Table 5: Existing Noise Measurements and shown on Exhibit 4: Noise Measurement Locations.
Table 5: Existing Noise Measurements
Site Location Measurement Period Duration
Daytime
Average Leq
(dBA)
ST-1 Off Catawba Ave, 160 feet north of
South Highland Avenue 11:15 – 11:25 a.m. 10 Minutes 58.6
ST-2 Off South Highland Avenue, 100 feet
west of Citrus Avenue 11:58 – 12:08 a.m. 10 Minutes 65.6
ST-3
At the eastern intersection of
Jacaranda Avenue and South
Highland Avenue
11:44 – 11:54 a.m. 10 Minutes 64.5
ST-4 ff Knox Avenue, 100 feet South of
South Highland Avenue 11:29 – 11:39 a.m. 10 Minutes 67.3
Source: Noise measurements taken by Kimley-Horn, October 13, 2021. See Appendix A for noise measurement results.
!(
!(
!(
!(
PROJECT SITE
S. HIGHLAND AVENUE CITRUS AVENUECATAWBA AVENUEA³H
HIGHLAND AVENUE
JACARANDA AVENUEKNOX AVENUE4
3 2
1
EXHIBIT 4: Noise Measurement LocationsFontana Square Project
Source: ESRI World Imagery K:\RIV_GIS\195270002 - Fontana Square\04 Noise Measurement Locations.mxd0300150
Feet
!(Noise Measurement Locations
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 18
4.3 Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive populations are more susceptible to the effects of air pollution than is the general population.
Sensitive receptors that are in proximity to localized sources of toxics are of particular concern. Land uses
considered sensitive receptors include residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, long-term
health care facilities, rehabilitation centers, convalescent centers, and retirement homes. Sensitive land
uses near the Project include single-family residential homes, approximately 105 feet to the south on the
opposite side of S. Highland Avenue, single-family residential homes approximately 270 feet to the west
on Highland Avenue, and a school, A.B. Miller High School, located approximately 1,600 feet to the
southeast of the Project.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 19
5 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY
5.1 CEQA Thresholds
Appendix G of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines contains analysis guidelines
related to noise impacts. These guidelines have been used by the City to develop thresholds of significance
for this analysis. A project would create a significant environmental impact if it would:
· Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of
the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or
applicable standards of other agencies;
· Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels; and
· For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where
such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, expose
people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels.
5.2 Methodology
Construction
Construction noise levels were based on typical noise levels generated by construction equipment
published by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and FHWA. Construction noise is assessed in dBA
Leq. This unit is appropriate because Leq can be used to describe noise level from operation of each piece
of equipment separately, and levels can be combined to represent the noise level from all equipment
operating during a given period.
FHWA’s Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM) was used to estimate construction noise at nearby
sensitive receptors. For modeling purposes, construction equipment has been distributed evenly between
the center of the construction site and the nearest receptor. To be conservative, the loudest and most
used equipment was placed nearest the sensitive receptor. Noise level estimates do not account for the
presence of intervening structures or topography, which may reduce noise levels at receptor locations.
Therefore, the noise levels presented herein represent a conservative, reasonable worst-case estimate of
actual temporary construction noise.
Operations
The analysis of the Without Project and With Project noise environments is based on noise prediction
modeling and empirical observations. Reference noise level data are used to estimate the Project
operational noise impacts from stationary sources. Noise levels are collected from field noise
measurements and other published sources from similar types of activities are used to estimate noise
levels expected with the Project’s stationary sources. The reference noise levels are used to represent a
worst-case noise environment as noise level from stationary sources can vary throughout the day.
Operational noise is evaluated based on the standards within the City’s Noise Ordinance and General Plan.
The Without Project and With Project traffic noise levels in the Project vicinity were calculated using the
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108).
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 20
Vibration
Ground-borne vibration levels associated with construction-related activities for the Project were
evaluated utilizing typical ground-borne vibration levels associated with construction equipment,
obtained from FTA published data for construction equipment. Potential ground-borne vibration impacts
related to building/structure damage and interference with sensitive existing operations were evaluated,
considering the distance from construction activities to nearby land uses and typically applied criteria for
structural damage and human annoyance.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 21
6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
6.1 Acoustical Impacts
Threshold 6.1 Would the Project generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient
noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local
general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Construction
Construction noise typically occurs intermittently and varies depending on the nature or phase of
construction (e.g. land clearing, grading, excavation, paving). Noise generated by construction equipment,
including earth movers, material handlers, and portable generators, can reach high levels. During
construction, exterior noise levels could affect the residential neighborhoods surrounding the
construction site. single-family residential homes, approximately 105 feet to the south on the opposite
side of S. Highland Avenue, However, it is acknowledged that construction activities would occur
throughout the Project site and would not be concentrated at a single point near sensitive receptors.
Construction activities would include demolition, site preparation, grading, building construction, paving,
and architectural coating. Such activities would require industrial saws, excavators, and dozers for
demolition; dozers and tractors during site preparation; excavators, graders, dozers, and tractors during
grading; cranes, forklifts, generators, tractors, and welders during building construction; pavers, rollers,
mixers, and paving equipment during paving; and air compressors during architectural coating. Typical
operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve 1 or 2 minutes of full power
operation followed by 3 to 4 minutes at lower power settings. Other primary sources of acoustical
disturbance would be random incidents, which would last less than one minute (such as dropping large
pieces of equipment or the hydraulic movement of machinery lifts). Noise generated by construction
equipment, including earth movers, material handlers, and portable generators, can reach high levels.
Typical noise levels associated with individual construction equipment are listed in Table 6: Typical
Construction Noise Levels. Noise levels at 105 feet, the distance to the nearest sensitive receptor from
the construction area, are included in Table 6.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 22
Table 6: Typical Construction Noise Levels
Equipment Typical Noise Level (dBA) at 50
feet from Source
Typical Noise Level (dBA) at 105 feet
from Source1
Air Compressor 81 75
Backhoe 80 74
Compactor 82 76
Concrete Mixer 85 79
Concrete Pump 82 76
Concrete Vibrator 76 70
Crane, Derrick 88 82
Crane, Mobile 83 77
Dozer 85 79
Generator 81 76
Grader 85 79
Impact Wrench 85 79
Jack Hammer 88 82
Loader 85 74
Paver 89 79
Pneumatic Tool 85 95
Pump 76 89
Roller 74 79
Saw 76 70
Scraper 89 79
Shovel 82 76
Truck 88 78
Note:
1. Calculated using the inverse square law formula for sound attenuation: dBA2 = dBA1+20Log(d1/d2)
Where: dBA2 = estimated noise level at receptor; dBA1 = reference noise level; d1 = reference distance; d2 = receptor location
distance
Source: Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, September 2018.
The noise levels calculated in Table 7: Project Construction Noise Levels, show estimated exterior
construction noise without accounting for attenuation from physical barriers or topography. Table 7
depicts a worst-case scenario for each phase of construction. Construction equipment has been
distributed evenly between the center of the construction site and the nearest receptor. To be
conservative, the loudest equipment was placed nearest the sensitive receptor. However, during
construction, equipment would operate throughout the Project site and the associated noise levels would
not occur at a fixed location for extended periods of time.
The City’s Municipal Code does not establish quantitative construction noise standards. Instead, the
Municipal Code establishes limited hours of construction activities. Municipal Code Section 18-63 states
that construction activities may only take place between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays
and between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays, except in the case of urgent necessity or
otherwise approved by the City of Fontana. However, this analysis conservatively uses the FTA’s threshold
of 80 dBA (8-hour Leq) for residential uses and 85 dBA (8-hour Leq) for non-residential uses to evaluate
construction noise impacts.2
2 Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, Table 7-2, Page 179, September
2018.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 23
Table 7: Project Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receptor
Construction Phase
Modeled Exterior
Construction Noise Level
(dBA Leq)
Noise Threshold
(dBA Leq) Exceed Threshold?
Demolition 76.8 80 No
Site Preparation 74.7 80 No
Grading 75.1 80 No
Building Construction/
Paving/Architectural Coating 73.3 80 No
Note: Equipment distributed evenly between the center of the construction site and the nearest sensitive receptor.
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Roadway Construction Noise Model, 2006. Refer to Appendix B for noise modeling results.
Compliance with the Municipal Code would minimize impacts from construction noise, as construction
would be limited to daytime hours on weekdays and Saturdays. By following Municipal Code standards,
Project construction activities would result in a less than significant noise impact.
Operations
Implementation of the proposed Project would create new sources of noise in the project vicinity. The
major noise sources associated with the Project that would potentially impact existing nearby residences
include stationary noise equipment (i.e. trash compactors, air conditioners, etc.); parking areas (i.e. car
door slamming, car radios, engine start-up, and car pass-by); and off-site traffic noise.
Mechanical Equipment. The nearest sensitive receptors to the Project site are the residences 105 feet
south of the Project site. Potential stationary noise sources related to long-term operation of the Project
would include mechanical equipment. Mechanical equipment (e.g. heating ventilation and air
conditioning [HVAC] equipment) typically generates noise levels of approximately 52 dBA at 50 feet.3
Based on Project site plans, the nearest potential location for a HVAC unit would be located approximately
175 feet from the nearest residential property and HVAC noise levels would attenuate by the distance to
approximately 41.1 dBA, which is well below he City’s 65 dBA noise standard for residential uses.
Operation of mechanical equipment would not increase ambient noise levels beyond the acceptable
compatible land use noise levels. Further, it is noted that noise from stationary sources at the Project site
would primarily occur during the daytime activity hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Therefore, the
proposed project would result in a less than significant impact related to stationary noise levels.
Parking Noise. The Project would provide 452 parking stalls, with most of the vehicle parking located on
south end of the site, along S. Highland Avenue and Citrus Avenue. Parking is also provided throughout
the site and between the various establishments. Traffic associated with parking lots is typically not of
sufficient volume to exceed community noise standards, which are based on a time-averaged scale such
as the CNEL scale. The instantaneous maximum sound levels generated by a car door slamming, engine
starting up, and car pass-bys range from 53 to 61 dBA.4 Conversations in parking areas may also be an
annoyance to adjacent sensitive receptors. Sound levels of speech typically range from 33 dBA at 50 feet
for normal speech to 50 dBA at 50 feet for very loud speech.5 It should be noted that parking lot noises
3 Elliott H. Berger, Rick Neitzel, and Cynthia A. Kladden, Noise Navigator Sound Level Database with Over 1700 Measurement
Values, 2015.
4 Kariel, H. G., Noise in Rural Recreational Environments, Canadian Acoustics 19(5), 3-10, 1991.
5 Elliott H. Berger, Rick Neitzel, and Cynthia A. Kladden. Noise Navigator Sound Level Database with Over 1700
Measurement Values, July 6, 2010.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 24
are instantaneous noise levels compared to noise standards in the hourly Leq metric, which are averaged
over the entire duration of a time period. As a result, actual noise levels over time resulting from parking
lot activities would be far lower than the reference levels identified above.
For the purpose of providing a conservative, quantitative estimate of the noise levels that would be
generated from the vehicles entering and exiting the parking lot, the methodology recommended by FTA
for the general assessment of stationary transit noise sources is used. Using the methodology, the
Project’s peak hourly noise level that would be generated by the on-site parking levels was estimated
using the following FTA equation for a parking lot:
Leq(h) = SELref + 10 log (NA/1,000) – 35.6
Where:
Leq(h) = hourly Leq noise level at 50 feet
SELref = reference noise level for stationary noise source represented in sound exposure
level (SEL) at 50 feet
NA = number of automobiles per hour
35.6 is a constant in the formula, calculated as 10 times the logarithm of the number of
seconds in an hour
Based on the peak hour trip generation rates in the Traffic Study, approximately 364 trips during peak
hours would be made to the Project site each day. Using the FTA’s reference noise level of 92 dBA SEL6 at
50 feet from the noise source, the Project’s highest peak hour vehicle trips would generate noise levels of
approximately 52.0 dBA Leq at 50 feet from the parking lot. The nearest sensitive receptor is 125 feet from
a parking area. Based strictly on distance attenuation, parking lot noise at the nearest receptor would be
44 dBA which is below the City’s residential noise standard. Therefore, noise impacts from parking lots
would be less than significant.
Off-Site Traffic Noise. Implementation of the Project would generate increased traffic volumes along
nearby roadway segments. According to the Traffic Impact Study, the proposed Project would generate
4,573 daily trips which would result in noise increases on Project area roadways. In general, a traffic noise
increase of less than 3 dBA is barely perceptible to people, while a 5-dBA increase is readily noticeable.7
Generally, traffic volumes on Project area roadways would have to approximately double for the resulting
traffic noise levels to increase by 3 dBA. Therefore, permanent increases in ambient noise levels of less
than 3 dBA are considered to be less than significant.
Traffic noise levels for roadways primarily affected by the Project were calculated using the FHWA’s
Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108). Traffic noise modeling was conducted for conditions
with and without the Project, based on traffic volumes from the Traffic Impact Analysis. As indicated in
Table 8: Opening Year and Opening Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels, Opening Year Plus Project traffic-
generated noise levels on Project area roadways would range between 65.0 dBA CNEL and 70.8 dBA CNEL
at 100 feet from the centerline, and the Project would result in a maximum increase of 1.4 dBA CNEL along
Highland Avenue. Noise impacts from off-site traffic would be less than significant.
6 Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, September 2018.
7 Federal Highway Administration, Highway Traffic Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy and Guidance, Noise Fundamentals,
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environMent/noise/regulations_and_guidance/polguide/polguide02.cfm, accessed March 11, 2020.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 25
Table 8: Opening Year and Opening Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment
Opening Year Opening Year
Plus Project
Project
Change from
No Build
Conditions
Significant
Impact? ADT dBA
CNEL1 ADT dBA
CNEL1
Highland Avenue
Citrus Avenue to Cypress Avenue 8,495 63.6 11,926 65.0 1.4 No
Cypress Avenue to Sierra Avenue 14,280 65.9 14,738 66.0 0.1 No
Citrus Avenue
SR-210 to Highland Avenue 42,254 70.6 44,541 70.8 0.2 No
Highland Avenue to Walnut Avenue 32,473 69.4 33,159 69.5 0.1 No
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
1. Traffic noise levels are at 100 feet from the roadway centerline.
Source: Based on traffic data provided by Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., October 2021. Refer to Appendix B for traffic noise modeling
results.
The Horizon Year “2040 Without Project” and “2040 Plus Project” scenarios were also compared. As
shown in Table 9: Horizon Year and Horizon Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels, roadway noise levels
would range between 67.2 dBA CNEL and 70.8 dBA CNEL at 100 feet from the centerline, and the Project
would result in a maximum increase of 0.8 dBA CNEL. As such, the Project would result in an increase of
less than 3.0 dBA CNEL for the roadway segments analyzed and traffic noise. Noise impacts from off-site
traffic would be less than significant in this regard.
Table 9: Horizon Year and Horizon Year Plus Project Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment
Horizon Year
(2040)
Horizon Year (2040)
Plus Project
Project
Change from
No Build
Conditions
Significant
Impact? ADT dBA
CNEL1 ADT dBA
CNEL1
Slover Avenue
Citrus Avenue to Cypress Avenue 16,200 66.4 19,631 67.2 0.8 No
Cypress Avenue to Sierra Avenue 21,700 67.7 22,158 67.8 0.1 No
Citrus Avenue
SR-210 to Highland Avenue 42,254 70.6 44,541 70.8 0.2 No
Highland Avenue to Walnut Avenue 32,473 69.4 33,159 69.5 0.1 No
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
1. Traffic noise levels are at 100 feet from the roadway centerline.
Source: Based on traffic data provided by Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., October 2021. Refer to Appendix A for traffic noise modeling
results.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less than significant impact.
Threshold 6.2 Would the Project generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise
levels?
Increases in groundborne vibration levels attributable to the proposed Project would be primarily
associated with short-term construction-related activities. The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) has
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 26
published standard vibration velocities for construction equipment operations in their 2018 Transit Noise
and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual. The types of construction vibration impacts include human
annoyance and building damage.
The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) has published standard vibration velocities for construction
equipment operations. In general, the FTA architectural damage criterion for continuous vibrations (i.e.,
0.2 in/sec) appears to be conservative. The types of construction vibration impacts include human
annoyance and building damage. Human annoyance occurs when construction vibration rises significantly
above the threshold of human perception for extended periods of time. Building damage can be cosmetic
or structural. Ordinary buildings that are not particularly fragile would not experience any cosmetic
damage (e.g., plaster cracks) at distances beyond 30 feet. This distance can vary substantially depending
on the soil composition and underground geological layer between vibration source and receiver. In
addition, not all buildings respond similarly to vibration generated by construction equipment. For
example, for a building that is constructed with reinforced concrete with no plaster, the FTA guidelines
show that a vibration level of up to 0.20 in/sec is considered safe and would not result in any construction
vibration damage.
Table 10: Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels, lists vibration levels at 25 feet for typical
construction equipment. Ground-borne vibration generated by construction equipment spreads through
the ground and diminishes in magnitude with increases in distance. As indicated in Table 10, based on FTA
data, vibration velocities from typical heavy construction equipment operations that would be used during
Project construction range from 0.003 to 0.089 in/sec PPV at 25 feet from the source of activity.
Table 10: Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Levels
Equipment Peak Particle Velocity
at 25 Feet (in/sec)
Peak Particle Velocity
at 15 Feet (in/sec)1
Peak Particle Velocity
at 35 Feet (in/sec)1
Large Bulldozer 0.089 0.1915 0.0537
Caisson Drilling 0.089 0.1915 0.0537
Loaded Trucks 0.076 0.1635 0.0459
Jackhammer 0.035 0.0753 0.0211
Small Bulldozer/Tractors 0.003 0.0065 0.0018
1 Calculated using the following formula: PPVequip = PPVref x (25/D)1.5, where: PPVequip = the peak particle velocity in in/sec of
the equipment adjusted for the distance; PPVref = the reference vibration level in in/sec from Table 7-4 of the Federal Transit
Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018; D = the distance from the equipment to the
receiver.
Source: Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018.
The nearest structure is a small storage building associated with the liquor store located approximately
15 feet to the west of the active construction zone. Using the calculation shown in Table 10, at 15 feet the
vibration velocities from construction equipment would not exceed 0.1915 in/sec PPV, which is below the
FTA’s 0.20 in/sec PPV threshold for building damage. The nearest occupied building is the liquor store
located approximately 35 feetfrom the active construction zone. At 35 feet, the vibration velocities from
construction equipment would not exceed 0.0537 in/sec PPV, which is below the FTA’s 0.10 in/sec PPV
annoyance threshold. It is also acknowledged that construction activities would occur throughout the
Project site and would not be concentrated at the point closest to the nearest structure. Therefore,
vibration impacts associated with the proposed Project would be less than significant.
Once operational, the Project would not be a significant source of groundborne vibration. Groundborne
vibration surrounding the Project currently result from heavy-duty vehicular travel (e.g. refuse trucks,
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 27
heavy duty trucks, delivery trucks, and transit buses) on the nearby local roadways. Due to the rapid drop-
off rate of ground-borne vibration and the short duration of the associated events, vehicular traffic-
induced ground-borne vibration is rarely perceptible beyond the roadway right-of-way, and rarely results
in vibration levels that cause damage to buildings in the vicinity. Impacts would be less than significant in
this regard.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less than significant impact.
Threshold 6.3 For a Project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan
or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or
public use airport, would the Project expose people residing or working in the Project
area to excessive noise levels?
The nearest airport to the Project site is the Ontario International Airport located approximately 10 miles
to the southwest. The Project is not within 2.0 miles of a public airport or within an airport land use plan.
Additionally, there are no private airstrips located within the Project vicinity. Therefore, the Project would
not expose people residing or working in the Project area to excessive airport- or airstrip-related noise
levels and no mitigation is required.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less than significant impact.
6.2 Cumulative Noise Impacts
Cumulative Construction Noise
The Project’s construction activities would not result in a substantial temporary increase in ambient noise
levels. Construction noise would be periodic and temporary noise impacts that would cease upon
completion of construction activities. The Project would contribute to other proximate construction
project noise impacts if construction activities were conducted concurrently. However, based on the noise
analysis above, the Project’s construction-related noise impacts would be less than significant following
the City of Fontana Municipal Code.
Construction activities at other planned and approved projects near the Project site would be required to
comply with applicable City rules related to noise and would take place during daytime hours on the days
permitted by the applicable Municipal Code, and projects requiring discretionary City approvals would be
required to evaluate construction noise impacts, comply with the City’s standard conditions of approval,
and implement mitigation, if necessary, to minimize noise impacts. Construction noise impacts are by
nature localized. Based on the fact that noise dissipates as it travels away from its source, noise impacts
would be limited to the Project site and vicinity. Therefore, Project construction would not result in a
cumulatively considerable contribution to significant cumulative impacts, assuming such a cumulative
impact existed, and impacts in this regard are not cumulatively considerable.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 28
Cumulative Operational Noise
Cumulative Off-Site Traffic Noise
Cumulative noise impacts describe how much noise levels are projected to increase over existing
conditions with the development of the proposed Project and other foreseeable projects. Cumulative
noise impacts would occur primarily as a result of increased traffic on local roadways due to buildout of
the proposed Project and other projects in the vicinity. Cumulative increases in traffic noise levels were
estimated by comparing the Existing and Opening Year Without Project scenarios to the Opening Year
Plus Project scenario. The traffic analysis considers cumulative traffic from future growth assumed in the
transportation model, as well as cumulative projects.
A project’s contribution to a cumulative traffic noise increase would be considered significant when the
combined effect exceeds perception level (i.e., auditory level increase) threshold. The following criteria is
used to evaluate the combined and incremental effects of the cumulative noise increase.
· Combined Effect. The cumulative with Project noise level (“Opening Year With Project”) would
cause a significant cumulative impact if a 3.0 dB increase over “Existing” conditions occurs and
the resulting noise level exceeds the applicable exterior standard at a sensitive use. Although
there may be a significant noise increase due to the proposed Project in combination with other
related projects (combined effects), it must also be demonstrated that the Project has an
incremental effect. In other words, a significant portion of the noise increase must be due to the
proposed Project.
· Incremental Effects. The “Opening Year With Project” causes a 1.0 dBA increase in noise over the
“Opening Year Without Project” noise level.
A significant impact would result only if both the combined and incremental effects criteria have been
exceeded. Noise by definition is a localized phenomenon and reduces as distance from the source
increases. Consequently, only the proposed Project and growth due to occur in the general area would
contribute to cumulative noise impacts.
Table 11: Cumulative Traffic Noise Levels identifies the traffic noise effects along roadway segments in
the Project vicinity for “Existing,” “Opening Year Without Project,” and “Opening Year With Project,”
conditions, including incremental and net cumulative impacts. Table 11 shows the increase for combined
effects and incremental effects and none of the segments meet the criteria for cumulative noise increase.
The proposed Project would not result in long-term mobile noise impacts based on project-generated
traffic as well as cumulative and incremental noise levels. Therefore, the proposed Project, in combination
with cumulative background traffic noise levels, would result in a less than significant cumulative impact.
The proposed Project’s contribution would not be cumulatively considerable.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 29
Table 11: Cumulative Traffic Noise Levels
Roadway Segment
Existing
(dBA
CNEL)
Opening
Year
Without
Project
(dBA CNEL)
Opening
Year With
Project
(dBA CNEL)
Combined Effects Incremental Effects
Cumulatively
Significant
Impact?
Difference In dBA
Between Existing
and Opening Year
With Project
Difference In dBA
Between Opening
Year Without
Project and
Opening Year With
Project
Slover Avenue
Citrus Avenue to Cypress Avenue 62.7 63.6 65.0 2.3 1.4 No
Cypress Avenue to Sierra Avenue 64.9 65.9 66.0 1.1 0.1 No
Citrus Avenue
SR-210 to Highland Avenue 70.0 70.6 70.8 0.8 0.2 No
Highland Avenue to Walnut Avenue 68.9 69.4 69.5 0.6 0.1 No
ADT = average daily trips; dBA = A-weighted decibels; CNEL= Community Equivalent Noise Level
Source: Based on traffic data provided by Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., October 2021. Refer to Appendix B for traffic noise modeling results.
Cumulative Stationary Noise
Stationary noise sources of the proposed Project would result in an incremental increase in non-
transportation noise sources in the Project vicinity. However, as discussed above, operational noise
caused by the proposed Project would be less than significant. Similar to the proposed Project, other
planned and approved projects would be required to mitigate for stationary noise impacts at nearby
sensitive receptors, if necessary. As stationary noise sources are generally localized, there is a limited
potential for other projects to contribute to cumulative noise impacts.
No known past, present, or reasonably foreseeable projects would combine with the operational noise
levels generated by the Project to increase noise levels above acceptable standards because each project
must comply with applicable City regulations that limit operational noise. Therefore, the Project, together
with other projects, would not create a significant cumulative impact, and even if there was such a
significant cumulative impact, the Project would not make a cumulatively considerable contribution to
significant cumulative operational noises.
Given that noise dissipates as it travels away from its source, operational noise impacts from on-site
activities and other stationary sources would be limited to the Project site and vicinity. Thus, cumulative
operational noise impacts from related projects, in conjunction with Project specific noise impacts, would
not be cumulatively significant.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less than significant impact.
City of Fontana Fontana Square
Acoustical Assessment
December 2021
Page | 30
7 REFERENCES
1. Ace Design LLC, Fontana Square Site Plan, May 2021.
2. California Department of Transportation, California Vehicle Noise Emission Levels, 1987.
3. California Department of Transportation, Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol, 2011.
4. California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis
Protocol, 2013.
5. California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance
Manual, 2020.
6. City of Fontana, General Plan Update 2015-2035, November 2018.
7. City of Fontana, Municipal Code, 2020.
8. Federal Highway Administration, Roadway Construction Noise Model, 2006.
9. Federal Highway Administration, Roadway Construction Noise Model User’s Guide Final Report, 2006.
10. Federal Interagency Committee on Noise, Federal Agency Review of Selected Airport Noise Analysis
Issues, 1992.
11. Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018.
12. Kimley-Horn, Traffic Impact Analysis for the Proposed Fontana Square Project, October 2021.
13. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Protective Noise Levels (EPA 550/9-79-100), 1979.
Appendix A
NOISE MEASUREMENTS
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:195270002
Site No.: Date:10/13/2021
Analyst: Time:11:15 - 11:25 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
Measurement 1:58.6 50.3 68.1 86.1
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):67°
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Clear
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:29.92"
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:15%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Fontana Square
1
Alex Howard and Melissa Thayer
Off Catawba Ave, 160 feet north of South Highland Avenue
Traffic on the 210 Freeway/Foothill Fwy and Highland Ave
Summary
File Name on Meter ST.005
File Name on PC
Serial Number 0005586
Model SoundExpert® LxT
Firmware Version 2.404
User Alex Howard
Location Fontana
Job Description Fontana Square
Note
Measurement
Description
Start 2021-10-13 11:15:21
Stop 2021-10-13 11:25:21
Duration 00:10:00.0
Run Time 00:10:00.0
Pause 00:00:00.0
Pre Calibration 2021-10-13 07:33:57
Post Calibration None
Calibration Deviation ---
Overall Settings
RMS Weight A Weighting
Peak Weight A Weighting
Detector Slow
Preamp PRMLxT1L
Microphone Correction Off
Integration Method Linear
OBA Range Normal
OBA Bandwidth 1/1 and 1/3
OBA Freq. Weighting A Weighting
OBA Max Spectrum At LMax
Overload 122.6 dB
A C
Under Range Peak 79.1 76.1
Under Range Limit 25.3 26.0
Noise Floor 16.1 16.8
Results
LAeq 58.6
LAE 86.4
EA 48.215 µPa²h
LApeak (max)2021-10-13 11:20:54 86.1
LASmax 2021-10-13 11:22:22 68.1
LASmin 2021-10-13 11:19:16 50.3
SEA -99.9 dB
SLM_0005586_ST_005.00.ldbin
Fontana Square and Gateway 8 sites
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:195270002
Site No.: Date:10/13/2021
Analyst: Time:11:58 AM - 12:08 PM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
Measurement 1:65.6 53.1 85.1 99.5
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):67°
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Clear
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:29.92"
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:15%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Fontana Square
2
Alex Howard and Melissa Thayer
Off South Highland Avenue, 100 feet west of Citrus Avenye
Traffic frm the Citrus Ave and S Highland Ave intersection
Summary
File Name on Meter ST.008
File Name on PC
Serial Number 0005586
Model SoundExpert® LxT
Firmware Version 2.404
User Alex Howard
Location Fontana
Job Description Fontana Square
Note
Measurement
Description
Start 2021-10-13 11:58:53
Stop 2021-10-13 12:08:53
Duration 00:10:00.0
Run Time 00:10:00.0
Pause 00:00:00.0
Pre Calibration 2021-10-13 07:33:57
Post Calibration None
Calibration Deviation ---
Overall Settings
RMS Weight A Weighting
Peak Weight A Weighting
Detector Slow
Preamp PRMLxT1L
Microphone Correction Off
Integration Method Linear
OBA Range Normal
OBA Bandwidth 1/1 and 1/3
OBA Freq. Weighting A Weighting
OBA Max Spectrum At LMax
Overload 122.6 dB
A C
Under Range Peak 79.1 76.1
Under Range Limit 25.3 26.0
Noise Floor 16.1 16.8
Results
LAeq 65.6
LAE 93.3
EA 239.704 µPa²h
LApeak (max)2021-10-13 12:02:41 99.5
LASmax 2021-10-13 12:02:41 85.1
LASmin 2021-10-13 12:01:57 53.1
SLM_0005586_ST_008.00.ldbin
Fontana Square and Gateway 8 sites
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:195270002
Site No.: Date:10/13/2021
Analyst: Time:11:44 - 11:54 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
Measurement 1:64.5 48.5 79.7 96.4
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):67°
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Clear
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:29.94"
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:15%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Fontana Square
3
Alex Howard and Melissa Thayer
At the eastern intersection of Jacaranda Avenue and South Highland Avenue
Traffic on the 210 Freeway/Foothill Fwy and S Highland Ave
Summary
File Name on Meter ST.007
File Name on PC
Serial Number 0005586
Model SoundExpert® LxT
Firmware Version 2.404
User Alex Howard
Location Fontana
Job Description Fontana Square
Note
Measurement
Description
Start 2021-10-13 11:44:32
Stop 2021-10-13 11:54:32
Duration 00:10:00.0
Run Time 00:10:00.0
Pause 00:00:00.0
Pre Calibration 2021-10-13 07:33:57
Post Calibration None
Calibration Deviation ---
Overall Settings
RMS Weight A Weighting
Peak Weight A Weighting
Detector Slow
Preamp PRMLxT1L
Microphone Correction Off
Integration Method Linear
OBA Range Normal
OBA Bandwidth 1/1 and 1/3
OBA Freq. Weighting A Weighting
OBA Max Spectrum At LMax
Overload 122.6 dB
A C
Under Range Peak 79.1 76.1
Under Range Limit 25.3 26.0
Noise Floor 16.1 16.8
Results
LAeq 64.5
LAE 92.3
EA 189.870 µPa²h
LApeak (max)2021-10-13 11:50:17 96.4
LASmax 2021-10-13 11:45:24 79.7
LASmin 2021-10-13 11:50:03 48.5
SLM_0005586_ST_007.00.ldbin
Fontana Square and Gateway 8 sites
Noise Measurement Field Data
Project: Job Number:195270002
Site No.: Date:10/13/2021
Analyst: Time:11:29 - 11:39 AM
Location:
Noise Sources:
Comments:
Results (dBA):
Leq: Lmin: Lmax: Peak:
Measurement 1:67.3 50.1 83.3 99.0
Sound Level Meter:LD SoundExpert LxT Temp. (degrees F):67°
Calibrator:CAL200 Wind (mph):< 5
Response Time:Slow Sky:Clear
Weighting:A Bar. Pressure:29.94"
Microphone Height:5 feet Humidity:15%
Photo:
Equipment Weather
Fontana Square
4
Alex Howard and Melissa Thayer
Off Knox Avenue, 100ft South of South Highland Avenue
Traffic on the 210 Freeway/Foothill Fwy and S Highland Ave
Summary
File Name on Meter ST.006
File Name on PC SLM_0005586_ST_006.00.ldbin
Serial Number 0005586
Model SoundExpert® LxT
Firmware Version 2.4
User Alex Howard
Location Fontana
Job Description Fontana Square
Note
Measurement
Description Fontana Square and
Start 2021-10-13 11:29:57
Stop 2021-10-13 11:39:57
Duration 00:10:00.0
Run Time 00:10:00.0
Pause 00:00:00.0
Pre Calibration 2021-10-13 07:33:57
Post Calibration None
Calibration Deviation ---
Overall Settings
RMS Weight A Weighting
Peak Weight A Weighting
Detector Slow
Preamp PRMLxT1L
Microphone Correction Off
Integration Method Linear
OBA Range Normal
OBA Bandwidth 1/1 and 1/3
OBA Freq. Weighting A Weighting
OBA Max Spectrum At LMax
Overload 122.6 dB
A C
Under Range Peak 79.1 76.1
Under Range Limit 25.3 26.0
Noise Floor 16.1 16.8
Results
LAeq 67.3
LAE 95.1
EA 360.027 µPa²h
LApeak (max)2021-10-13 11:35:04 99.0
LASmax 2021-10-13 11:35:05 83.3
LASmin 2021-10-13 11:36:54 50.1
Appendix B
NOISE DATA
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date:10/26/2021
Case Description:Fontana Square - Demo
---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Residence Residential 1 1 1
Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%)(dBA)(dBA)(feet)(dBA)
Concrete Saw No 20 89.6 105 0
Excavator No 40 80.7 175 0
Dozer No 40 81.7 250 0
Results
Calculated (dBA)Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Concrete Saw 83.1 76.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Excavator 69.8 65.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Dozer 67.7 63.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 83.1 76.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date:10/26/2021
Case Description:Fontana Square - Site Prep
---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Residence Residential 1 1 1
Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%)(dBA)(dBA)(feet)(dBA)
Tractor No 40 84 125 0
Dozer No 40 81.7 105 0
Results
Calculated (dBA)Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Tractor 76 72.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Dozer 75.2 71.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 76 74.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date:10/26/2021
Case Description:Fontana Square - Grading
---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Residence Residential 1 1 1
Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%)(dBA)(dBA)(feet)(dBA)
Excavator No 40 80.7 105 0
Grader No 40 85 150 0
Dozer No 40 81.7 200 0
Tractor No 40 84 250 0
Results
Calculated (dBA)Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Excavator 74.3 70.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Grader 75.5 71.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Dozer 69.6 65.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tractor 70 66 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 75.5 75.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM),Version 1.1
Report date:10/26/2021
Case Description:Fontana Square - Building/Paving/Painting
---- Receptor #1 ----
Baselines (dBA)
Description Land Use Daytime Evening Night
Nearest Residence Residential 1 1 1
Equipment
Spec Actual Receptor Estimated
Impact Lmax Lmax Distance Shielding
Description Device Usage(%)(dBA)(dBA)(feet)(dBA)
Crane No 16 80.6 150 0
Generator No 50 80.6 250 0
Tractor No 40 84 200 0
Welder / Torch No 40 74 275 0
Paver No 50 77.2 105 0
Roller No 20 80 125 0
Compressor (air)No 40 77.7 225 0
Results
Calculated (dBA)Noise Limits (dBA)
Day Evening
Equipment *Lmax Leq Lmax Leq Lmax Leq
Crane 71 63 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Generator 66.7 63.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tractor 72 68 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Welder / Torch 59.2 55.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Paver 70.8 67.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Roller 72 65.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Compressor (air)64.6 60.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 72 73.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
*Calculated Lmax is the Loudest value.
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Fontana Square
Project Number: 195270002
Scenario:Existing
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
# Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Highland Avenue Beech Avenue to Citrus Avenue 3 15 7,014 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 62.7 - 59 187 592
2 Highland Avenue Citrus Avenue to Oleander Avenue 4 15 11,327 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 64.9 - 97 307 970
3 Citrus Avenue SR-210 to Highland Avenue 4 15 36,783 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 70.0 100 315 996 3,151
4 Citrus Avenue Highland Avenue to Walnut Avenue 4 15 28,628 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 68.9 78 245 776 2,452
1 Distance is from the centerline of the roadway segment to the receptor location.
"-" = contour is located within the roadway right-of-way.
1
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Fontana Square
Project Number: 195270002
Scenario:Opening Year
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
# Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Highland AvenueBeech Avenue to Citrus Avenue 3 15 8,495 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 63.6 - 72 227 717
2 Highland AvenueCitrus Avenue to Oleander Avenue 4 15 14,280 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 65.9 - 122 387 1,223
3 Citrus Avenue SR-210 to Highland Avenue 4 15 42,254 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 70.6 114 362 1,145 3,620
4 Citrus Avenue Highland Avenue to Walnut Avenue 4 15 32,473 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 69.4 88 278 880 2,782
1 Distance is from the centerline of the roadway segment to the receptor location.
"-" = contour is located within the roadway right-of-way.
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Fontana Square
Project Number: 195270002
Scenario:Opening Year Plus Project
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
# Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Highland AvenueBeech Avenue to Citrus Avenue 3 15 11,926 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 65.0 - 101 318 1,007
2 Highland AvenueCitrus Avenue to Oleander Avenue 4 15 14,738 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 66.0 - 126 399 1,262
3 Citrus Avenue SR-210 to Highland Avenue 4 15 44,541 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 70.8 121 382 1,207 3,815
4 Citrus Avenue Highland Avenue to Walnut Avenue 4 15 33,159 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 69.5 90 284 898 2,840
1 Distance is from the centerline of the roadway segment to the receptor location.
"-" = contour is located within the roadway right-of-way.
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Fontana Square
Project Number: 195270002
Scenario:Horizon Year
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
# Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Highland AvenueBeech Avenue to Citrus Avenue 3 15 16,200 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 66.4 - 137 433 1,368
2 Highland AvenueCitrus Avenue to Oleander Avenue 4 15 21,700 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 67.7 59 186 588 1,859
3 Citrus Avenue SR-210 to Highland Avenue 4 15 42,254 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 70.6 114 362 1,145 3,620
4 Citrus Avenue Highland Avenue to Walnut Avenue 4 15 32,473 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 69.4 88 278 880 2,782
1 Distance is from the centerline of the roadway segment to the receptor location.
"-" = contour is located within the roadway right-of-way.
1
FHWA Highway Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) with California Vehicle Noise (CALVENO) Emission Levels
Project Name: Fontana Square
Project Number: 195270002
Scenario:Horizon Year
Ldn/CNEL:CNEL
Assumed 24-Hour Traffic Distribution: Day Evening Night
Total ADT Volumes 77.70% 12.70% 9.60%
Medium-Duty Trucks 87.43% 5.05% 7.52%
Heavy-Duty Trucks 89.10% 2.84% 8.06%
Vehicle Mix Distance from Centerline of Roadway
Median ADT Speed Alpha Medium Heavy CNEL at Distance to Contour
# Roadway Segment Lanes Width Volume (mph) Factor Trucks Trucks 100 Feet 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL
1 Highland AvenueBeech Avenue to Citrus Avenue 3 15 19,631 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 67.2 52 166 524 1,658
2 Highland AvenueCitrus Avenue to Oleander Avenue 4 15 22,158 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 67.8 60 190 600 1,898
3 Citrus Avenue SR-210 to Highland Avenue 4 15 44,541 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 70.8 121 382 1,207 3,815
4 Citrus Avenue Highland Avenue to Walnut Avenue 4 15 33,159 45 0 3.0% 2.0% 69.5 90 284 898 2,840
1