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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix C - Cultural Resources AssessmentAppendix C Cultural Resources Assessment C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T Fontana Square Project Fontana, San Bernardino County, California Prepared for: Kari Cano Kimley-Horn 3880 Lemon Street, Suite 420 Riverside, California 92501 Prepared by: David Brunzell, M.A., RPA Contributions by Nicholas Shepetuk, B.A. BCR Consulting LLC Claremont, California 91711 Project No. KIM2104 Data Base Information: Type of Study: Intensive Resources Recorded: KIM2104-H-1 Keywords: Fontana, Historic-Period Utility Alignment USGS Quadrangle: 7.5-minute Devore, California (1988) October 13, 2021 O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T ii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY BCR Consulting LLC (BCR Consulting) is under contract to Kimley-Horn to conduct a Cultural Resources Assessment of the Fontana Square Project (the project) located in the City of Fontana (City), San Bernardino County, California. Tasks completed for the scope of work include a cultural resources records search, a reconnaissance-level pedestrian cultural resources survey, completion of this technical report, a Sacred Lands File search with the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), and a Paleontological Overview. These tasks were performed in partial fulfillment of California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requirements. Results of the records search performed by South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) staff indicate that 24 previous cultural resource studies have been conducted within a 0.5 mile radius of the project site, resulting in the recordation of 24 historic-period cultural resources. Of these, one cultural resources assessment has assessed the project site and no cultural resources have been identified within the project site. During the field survey, BCR Consulting archaeologists identified a segment of a historic-period utility alignment (designated KIM2104-H-1) within the project site boundaries. This resource is not recommended eligible for California Register of Historical Resources (California Register) listing. As such, this resource is not recommended a “historical resource” under CEQA and does not warrant further consideration. Based on these results BCR Consulting recommends that no additional cultural resource work or monitoring is necessary for any earthmoving proposed within the project site. However, if previously undocumented cultural resources are identified during earthmoving activities, a qualified archaeologist should be contacted to assess the nature and significance of the find, diverting construction excavation if necessary. Findings were positive during the Sacred Lands File search with the NAHC. The NAHC did not indicate the nature or location of the resource(s), but recommended contacting the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation for more information (see Appendix A). The City will initiate Assembly Bill (AB) 52 Native American Consultation for the project. Since the City will initiate and carry out the required Native American Consultation, the results of the consultation are not provided in this report. However, this report may be used during the consultation process, and BCR Consulting staff is available to answer questions and address concerns as necessary. According to CEQA Guidelines, projects subject to CEQA must determine whether the project would “directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource”. The appended Paleontological Overview provided in Appendix B has recommended that: The geologic units underlying this project are mapped entirely as alluvial gravel and sand deposits dating from the Holocene period (Dibblee, 2003). While Holocene alluvial units are considered to be of high preservation value, material found is unlikely to be fossil material due to the relatively modern associated dates of the deposits. However, if development requires any substantial depth of disturbance, the likelihood of reaching Pleistocene alluvial sediments would increase. The Western Science Center does not have localities within the project area or within a 1 mile radius. While the presence of any fossil material is unlikely, if excavation activity disturbs deeper sediment dating to the earliest parts of the Holocene or Late Pleistocene periods, the material would be scientifically significant. Excavation activity O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T iii associated with the development of the project area is unlikely to be paleontologically sensitive, but caution during development should be observed. If human remains are encountered during the undertaking, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be prehistoric, the Coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T iv TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ................................................................................................. ii INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 REGULATORY SETTING ............................................................................................... 1 NATURAL SETTING ............................................................................................................. 5 CULTURAL SETTING ........................................................................................................... 5 PREHISTORIC CONTEXT .............................................................................................. 5 ETHNOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 6 HISTORY ........................................................................................................................ 7 PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................................ 8 METHODS ............................................................................................................................ 8 RESEARCH .................................................................................................................... 9 FIELD SURVEY .............................................................................................................. 9 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 9 RESEARCH .................................................................................................................... 9 FIELD SURVEY ............................................................................................................ 10 SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATIONS ......................................................................................... 11 SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA ........................................................................................... 11 SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLD CRITERIA ..................................................................... 12 CALIFORNIA REGISTER EVALUATIONS .................................................................... 12 RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................... 12 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 14 FIGURES 1: Project Location Map ....................................................................................................... 2 TABLES A: Cultural Resources and Reports Located within One Mile of Project Site ...................... 10 APPENDICES A: DEPARTMENT OF PARK AND RECREATION 523 FORMS B: PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHS C: NAHC SACRED LANDS FILE SAERCH D: PALEONTOLOGICAL OVERVIEW O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 1 INTRODUCTION BCR Consulting LLC (BCR Consulting) is under contract to Kimley-Horn to conduct a Cultural Resources Assessment of the proposed Fontana Square Project (the project) located in the City of Fontana (City), San Bernardino County, California. The project site is located in Section 36 of Township 1 North, Range 6 West, San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian, in the City of Fontana. It is depicted on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Devore, California (1988) 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle (Figure 1). Regulatory Setting The California Environmental Quality Act. CEQA applies to all discretionary projects undertaken or subject to approval by the state’s public agencies (California Code of Regulations 14(3), § 15002(i)). Under CEQA, “A project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment” (Cal. Code Regs. tit. 14(3), § 15064.5(b)). State CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5(a) defines a “historical resource” as a resource that meets one or more of the following criteria: • Listed in, or eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register) • Listed in a local register of historical resources (as defined at Cal. Public Res. Code § 5020.1(k)) • Identified as significant in a historical resource survey meeting the requirements of § 5024.1(g) of the Cal. Public Res. Code • Determined to be a historical resource by a project's lead agency (Cal. Code Regs. tit. 14(3), § 15064.5(a)) A historical resource consists of “Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which a lead agency determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California…Generally, a resource shall be considered by the lead agency to be ‘historically significant’ if the resource meets the criteria for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources” (Cal. Code Regs. tit. 14(3), § 15064.5(a)(3)). The significance of a historical resource is impaired when a project demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of a historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for the California Register. If an impact on a historical or archaeological resource is significant, CEQA requires feasible measures to minimize the impact (State CEQA Guidelines § 15126.4 (a)(1)). Mitigation of significant impacts must lessen or eliminate the physical impact that the project will have on the resource. Section 5024.1 of the Cal. Public Res. Code established the California Register. Generally, a resource is considered by the lead agency to be “historically significant” if the resource meets the criteria for listing in the California Register (Cal. Code Regs. tit. 14(3), § 15064.5(a)(3)). The eligibility criteria for the California Register are similar to those of the National Register of O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 3 Historic Places (National Register), and a resource that meets one of more of the eligibility criteria of the National Register will be eligible for the California Register. The California Register program encourages public recognition and protection of resources of architectural, historical, archaeological, and cultural significance, identifies historical resources for state and local planning purposes, determines eligibility for state historic preservation grant funding and affords certain protections under CEQA. Criteria for Designation: 1. Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States. 2. Associated with the lives of persons important to local, California or national history. 3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction or represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values. 4. Has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California or the nation. In addition to meeting one or more of the above criteria, the California Register requires that sufficient time has passed since a resource’s period of significance to “obtain a scholarly perspective on the events or individuals associated with the resources.” (CCR 4852 [d][2]). Fifty years is normally considered sufficient time for a potential historical resource, and in order that the evaluation remain valid for a minimum of five years after the date of this report, all resources older than 45 years (i.e. resources from the “historic-period”) will be evaluated for California Register listing eligibility, or CEQA significance. The California Register also requires that a resource possess integrity. This is defined as the ability for the resource to convey its significance through seven aspects: location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Assembly Bill 52. California Assembly Bill 52 was approved on September 25, 2014. As stated in Section 11 of AB 52, the act applies only to projects that have a notice of preparation or a notice of negative declaration or mitigated negative declaration filed on or after July 1, 2015. AB 52 establishes “tribal cultural resources” (TCRs) as a new category of resources under CEQA. As defined under Public Resources Code Section 21074, TCRs are “sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a California Native American Tribe” that are either: (1) included or determined to be eligible for inclusion in the CRHR; included in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code Section 5020.1(k); or (2) determined by the lead agency to be significant pursuant to the criteria for inclusion in the CRHR set forth in Public Resources Code Section 5024.1(c), if supported by substantial evidence and taking into account the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. A “historical resource” as defined in Public Resources Code Section 21084.1, a “unique archaeological resource” as defined in Public Resources Code Section 21083.2(g), or a “nonunique archaeological resource” as defined in Public Resources Code Section 21083.2(h) may also be TCRs. O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 4 AB 52 further establishes a new consultation process with California Native American tribes for proposed projects in geographic areas that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with that tribe. Per Public Resources Code Section 21073, “California Native American tribe” includes federally and non-federally recognized tribes on the NAHC contact list. Subject to certain prerequisites, AB 52 requires, among other things, that a lead agency consult with the geographically affiliated tribe before the release of an environmental review document for a proposed project regarding project alternatives, recommended mitigation measures, or potential significant effects, if the tribe so requests in writing. If the tribe and the lead agency agree upon mitigation measures during their consultation, these mitigation measures must be recommended for inclusion in the environmental document (Public Resources Code Sections 21080.3.1, 21080.3.2, 21082.3, 21084.2, and 21084.3). Paleontological Resources. CEQA provides guidance relative to significant impacts on paleontological resources, indicating that a project would have a significant impact on paleontological resources if it disturbs or destroys a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature. Section 5097.5 of the California Public Resources Code specifies that any unauthorized removal of paleontological remains is a misdemeanor. Further, California Penal Code Section 622.5 sets the penalties for damage or removal of paleontological resources. CEQA documentation prepared for projects would be required to analyze paleontological resources as a condition of the CEQA process to disclose potential impacts. Please note that as of January 2018 paleontological resources are considered in the geological rather than cultural category. Therefore, paleontological resources are not summarized in the body of this report. A paleontological overview completed by professional paleontologists from the Western Science Center is provided as Appendix B. Tribal Cultural Resources. The Legislature added requirements regarding tribal cultural resources for CEQA in Assembly Bill 52 (AB 52) that took effect July 1, 2015. AB 52 requires consultation with California Native American tribes and consideration of tribal cultural resources in the CEQA process. By including tribal cultural resources early in the CEQA process, the legislature intended to ensure that local and Tribal governments, public agencies, and project proponents would have information available, early in the project planning process, to identify and address potential adverse impacts to tribal cultural resources. By taking this proactive approach, the legislature also intended to reduce the potential for delay and conflicts in the environmental review process. To help determine whether a project may have such an effect, the Public Resources Code requires a lead agency to consult with any California Native American tribe that requests consultation and is traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of a proposed project. Since the City will initiate and carry out the required AB52 Native American Consultation, the results of the consultation are not provided in this report. However, this report may be used during the consultation process, and BCR Consulting staff is available to answer questions and address comments as necessary. Paleontological Resources. CEQA provides guidance relative to significant impacts on paleontological resources, indicating that a project would have a significant impact on paleontological resources if it disturbs or destroys a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature. Section 5097.5 of the California Public Resources Code specifies that any unauthorized removal of paleontological remains is a misdemeanor. Further, California Penal Code Section 622.5 sets the penalties for damage or removal of O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 5 paleontological resources. CEQA projects assess paleontological resources as a condition of the CEQA process to disclose potential impacts. Please note that as of January 2018 paleontological resources are considered in the geological rather than cultural resources category. Therefore, paleontological resources are not summarized in the body of this cultural resources report. A paleontological overview completed by professional paleontologists from the Western Science Center is provided as Appendix D. NATURAL SETTING The elevation of the project site is approximately 1500 feet above mean sea level (AMSL). The property has been subject to disturbances related to modern refuse dumping, residential construction, and demolition. The project site is covered with finer alluvial gravel and sand of valley areas (Dibblee 2003). The current study has not yielded any evidence that such sediments have produced raw materials used in prehistoric tool manufacture. Local rainfall ranges from 5 to 15 inches annually (Jaeger and Smith 1971:36-37). The project site is flat, although the general slope conveys local water from northeast to southwest (USGS 1988). Although recent and historic-period impacts have decimated local vegetation, remnants of a formerly dominant coastal sage scrub vegetation community have been sporadically observed in the area. Signature plant species include black sage (Salvia mellifera), California brittlebush (Encelia californica), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), California sagebrush (Artemesia californica), deerweed (Lotus scoparius), golden yarrow (Eriophyllum confertiflorum), laurel sumac (Malosma laurina), lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia), poison oak (Toxicodendron diverilobum), purple sage (Salvia leucophyla), sticky monkeyflower (Mimulus aurantiacus), sugar bush (Rhus ovate), toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), white sage (Salvia apiana), coastal century plant (Agave shawii), coastal cholla (Opuntia prolifera), Laguna Beach liveforever (Dudleya stolonifera), many-stemmed liveforever (Dudleya multicaulis), our Lord’s candle (Yucca whipplei), prickly pear cactus (Opuntia sp.) (Williams et al. 2008:118-119). Signature animal species within Coastal Sage Scrub habitat include the kangaroo rat (Dipodomys sp.), California horned lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum frontale), orange throated whiptail (Cnemidophorus hyperthrus), San Diego horned lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillii), brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), California quail (Callipepla californica), and San Diego cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunnecapillus sandiegensis) (Williams et al. 2008:118-120). Local native groups made use of many of these species (see Lightfoot and Parrish 2009). CULTURAL SETTING Prehistoric Context The local prehistoric cultural setting has been organized into many chronological frameworks (see Warren and Crabtree 1986; Bettinger and Taylor 1974; Lanning 1963; Hunt 1960; Wallace 1958, 1962, 1978; Campbell and Campbell 1935), although there is no definitive sequence for the region. The difficulties in establishing cultural chronologies for western San Bernardino County are a function of its enormous size and the small amount of archaeological excavations conducted there. Moreover, throughout prehistory many groups have occupied the area and their territories often overlap spatially and chronologically resulting in mixed artifact deposits. Due to dry climate and capricious geological processes, these artifacts rarely become integrated in-situ. Lacking a milieu hospitable to the preservation of cultural midden, local chronologies have relied upon temporally diagnostic artifacts, such as projectile points, or upon the presence/absence of other temporal indicators, such as groundstone. Such O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 6 methods are instructive, but can be limited by prehistoric occupants’ concurrent use of different artifact styles, or by artifact re-use or re-sharpening, as well as researchers’ mistaken diagnosis, and other factors (see Flenniken 1985; Flenniken and Raymond 1986; Flenniken and Wilke 1989). Recognizing the shortcomings of comparative temporal indicators, this study recommends review of Warren and Crabree (1986), who have drawn upon this method to produce a commonly cited and relatively comprehensive chronology. Ethnography In general the project site is situated at an ethnographic nexus peripherally occupied by the Gabrielino and Serrano. Each group consisted of semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers who spoke a variation of the Takic language subfamily. Individual ethnographic summaries are provided below. Gabrielino. The Gabrielino probably first encountered Europeans when Spanish explorers reached California's southern coast during the 15th and 16th centuries (Bean and Smith 1978; Kroeber 1925). The first documented encounter, however, occurred in 1769 when Gaspar de Portola's expedition crossed Gabrielino territory (Bean and Smith 1978). Other brief encounters took place over the years, and are documented in McCawley 1996 (citing numerous sources). The Gabrielino name has been attributed by association with the Spanish mission of San Gabriel, and refers to a subset of people sharing speech and customs with other Cupan speakers (such as the Juaneño/Luiseño/Ajachemem) from the greater Takic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family (Bean and Smith 1978). Gabrielino villages occupied the watersheds of various rivers (locally including the Santa Ana) and intermittent streams. Chiefs were usually descended through the male line and often administered several villages. Gabrielino society was somewhat stratified and is thought to have contained three hierarchically ordered social classes which dictated ownership rights and social status and obligations (Bean and Smith 1978:540-546). Plants utilized for food were heavily relied upon and included acorn-producing oaks, as well as seed-producing grasses and sage. Animal protein was commonly derived from rabbits and deer in inland regions, while coastal populations supplemented their diets with fish, shellfish, and marine mammals (Boscana 1933, Heizer 1968, Johnston 1962, McCawley 1996). Dog, coyote, bear, tree squirrel, pigeon, dove, mud hen, eagle, buzzard, raven, lizards, frogs, and turtles were specifically not utilized as a food source (Kroeber 1925:652). Serrano. Kroeber (1925) applied the generic term “Serrano” to four groups, each with distinct territories: the Kitanemuk, Tataviam, Vanyume, and Serrano. Only one group, in the San Bernardino Mountains and West-Central Mojave Desert, ethnically claims the term Serrano. Bean and Smith (1978) indicate that the Vanyume, an obscure Takic population, was found along the Mojave River at the time of Spanish contact. The Kitanemuk lived to the north and west, while the Tataviam lived to the west. All may have used the western San Bernardino County area seasonally. Serrano villages consisted of small collections of willow-framed domed structures situated near reliable water sources. A lineage leader administered laws and ceremonies from a large ceremonial house centrally located in most villages. Local Serrano relied heavily on acorns and piñon nuts for subsistence, although roots, bulbs, shoots, and seeds supplemented these. When available, game animals commonly included deer, mountain sheep, antelope, rabbits, small rodents, and various birds –particularly quail (Bean and Smith 1978:571). O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 7 History Historic-era California is generally divided into three periods: the Spanish or Mission Period (1769 to 1821), the Mexican or Rancho Period (1821 to 1848), and the American Period (1848 to present). Spanish Period. The first European to pass through the area is thought to be a Spaniard called Father Francisco Garces. Having become familiar with the area, Garces acted as a guide to Juan Bautista de Anza, who had been commissioned to lead a group across the desert from a Spanish outpost in Arizona to set up quarters at the Mission San Gabriel in 1771 near what today is Pasadena (Beck and Haase 1974). Garces was followed by Alta California Governor Pedro Fages, who briefly explored the region in 1772. Searching for San Diego Presidio deserters, Fages had traveled through Riverside to San Bernardino, crossed over the mountains into the Mojave Desert, and then journeyed westward to the San Joaquin Valley (Beck and Haase 1974). Mexican Period. In 1821, Mexico overthrew Spanish rule and the missions began to decline. By 1833, the Mexican government passed the Secularization Act, and the missions, reorganized as parish churches, lost their vast land holdings, and released their neophytes (Beattie and Beattie 1974). American Period. The American Period, 1848–Present, began with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. In 1850, California was accepted into the Union of the United States primarily due to the population increase created by the Gold Rush of 1849. The cattle industry reached its greatest prosperity during the first years of the American Period. Mexican Period land grants had created large pastoral estates in California, and demand for beef during the Gold Rush led to a cattle boom that lasted from 1849–1855. However, beginning about 1855, the demand for beef began to decline due to imports of sheep from New Mexico and cattle from the Mississippi and Missouri Valleys. When the beef market collapsed, many California ranchers lost their ranchos through foreclosure. A series of disastrous floods in 1861–1862, followed by a significant drought further diminished the economic impact of local ranching. This decline combined with ubiquitous agricultural and real estate developments of the late 19th century, set the stage for diversified economic pursuits that have continued to proliferate to this day (Beattie and Beattie 1974; Cleland 1941). Local Sequence (Brunzell 2017:5). In 1851, Mormons settling in the San Bernardino Valley purchased the land from Don Antonio Maria Lugo. Early communities in the San Bernardino County area started with this group of Mormons, although most returned to Salt Lake City in 1857. The Southern Pacific Railroad moved into the San Bernardino Valley in 1875, and the Santa Fe Railroad built a stop in the Fontana area in 1887, naming it Rosena. A trickle of settlement continued, and there were around 25 families living there by the time A. B. Miller arrived in 1905. He purchased the land the next year, and a town was laid out in 1909. Settlement was successfully promoted by a dedication ceremony and celebration in 1913, at which a number of plots in the area were sold. By 1927, there were 399 families with land in the area, and the township was officially created in 1929. The Semi-Tropic Water and Land Company incorporated in 1887 in order to sell real estate and water rights in San Bernardino County. The company acquired 285,000 acres of land along ten miles of Lytle Creek, giving it riparian rights and allowing it to control and sell the water. The company laid out small towns including Fontana, Rialto, Sansevaine, and O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 8 Bloomington on its land holdings. In 1891, the company subdivided most of the land surrounding the town sites into 20-acre parcels it called “farm lots.” Successful agricultural endeavors resulted in residential and institutional expansion during the 1920s. Between 1924 and 1926, the school district was established, the American Legion Post 262 was constructed, and the Fontana Woman’s Club House was established and constructed. Proliferation of the automobile was accompanied by an expanded infrastructure of paved roads and two garages and several service stations were constructed. Fontana remained an established agricultural locale for the first few decades of its existence; citrus, grain, grape, poultry, cattle, and swine production formed the basis of the local economy. World War II changed this dynamic with the establishment of the Fontana Kaiser Steel plant in 1942, the first steel mill west of the Mississippi. Fontana quickly became the West Coast’s leading steel producer, and the plant remained in operation until 1984. Mickey Thompson’s Fontana International Drag Way, an important drag racing strip, was established in the 1950s. While it no longer operates, Fontana retains a connection to drag racing with both a new drag strip and an automobile museum. Today, Fontana has a population of over 175,000 and occupies approximately 56 square miles. Shipping and trucking play a major role in the city’s economy. PERSONNEL David Brunzell, M.A., RPA acted as the Project Manager and Principal Investigator for the current study, and wrote the technical report. SCCIC staff completed the cultural resources records search using data on file at California State University, Fullerton. BCR Consulting Field Director Joseph Orozco, M.A., RPA, compiled the Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 form. BCR Consulting Archaeological Crew Chief Nicholas Shepetuk made contributions to the technical report. Mr. Orozco and and Mr. Shepetuk completed the pedestrian field survey. The paleontological overview (provided in Appendix D) was completed by Professional Paleontologist Darla Radford, Collections Manager for the Western Science Center. METHODS This work was completed pursuant to CEQA, the Public Resources Code (PRC) Chapter 2.6, Section 21083.2, and California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 14, Chapter 3, Article 5, Section 15064.5. The pedestrian cultural resources survey was intended to locate and document previously recorded or new cultural resources, including archaeological sites, features, isolates, and historic-period buildings, that exceed 45 years in age within defined project boundaries. The project site was examined using 15-meter transect intervals. Transect intervals were narrowed to between one and five meters where cultural resources were identified. This study is intended to determine whether cultural resources are located within the project boundaries, whether any cultural resources are significant pursuant to the above- referenced regulations and standards, and to develop specific mitigation measures that will address potential impacts to existing or potential resources. Tasks pursued to achieve that end include: • Cultural resources records search to review studies and archaeological/historical resources recorded within a 0.5 mile radius of the project boundaries • Additional land use history research through local repositories and internet resources O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 9 • Systematic pedestrian survey of the entire project site • California Register of Historical Resources (California Register) eligibility evaluation for any cultural resources discovered • Development of recommendations and mitigation measures for cultural resources documented within the project boundaries, following CEQA • Completion of DPR 523 forms for any discovered cultural resources • Vertebrate paleontology resources report performed through the Western Science Center. Research Records Search. Prior to fieldwork, an archaeological records search was conducted by SCCIC staff using data on file at California State University, Fullerton. This included a review of all recorded historic and prehistoric cultural resources, as well as a review of known cultural resources within 0.5 mile of the project site and survey and excavation reports generated from projects completed within 0.5 miles of the project site. In addition, a review was conducted of the National Register of Historic Places (National Register), the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register), and documents and inventories from the California Office of Historic Preservation including the lists of California Historical Landmarks, California Points of Historical Interest, Listing of National Register Properties, and the Built Environment Resource Directory (BERD). Additional Research. BCR Consulting performed additional research by studying available historic aerial photographs of the project (USDA 1936, 1938, 1948, 1952, 1959, 1966, 1980, 1994, 2002). Field Survey A pedestrian cultural resources field survey of the project site was conducted on March 17, 2021. The survey was conducted by walking parallel transects spaced approximately 15 meters apart across 100 percent of the project site. Transect intervals were narrowed to between one and five meters where resources were identified. Soil exposures, including natural and artificial clearings were carefully inspected for evidence of cultural resources. Cultural resources were recorded per the California OHP Instructions for Recording Historical Resources in the field using: • Detailed note-taking for entry on DPR Forms (Appendix A) • Hand-held Garmin Global Positioning systems for mapping purposes • Digital photography of all cultural resources (Appendix A and B). RESULTS Research Records Search. Records search results conducted by SCCIC staff using data on file at California State University, Fullerton indicate that 24 previous cultural resources assessments have been conducted within a 0.5 mile radius of the project site, resulting in the recordation of 24 historic-period cultural resources. Of these, one cultural resources assessment (SB- 2621) has assessed the project site and no cultural resources have been previously identified within the project site. The records search results are summarized in Table A, and a full bibliography is provided in Appendix E. O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 10 Table A. Cultural Resources and Reports Located Within One Mile of the Project Site USGS 7.5 Min Quad Cultural Resources Within One Mile of Project Site Studies Within One Mile Devore, California (1988) P-36-6251: historic-period foundation (200 ft E) P-36-7326: historic-period foundation/dump (½ mile W) P-36-7327: historic-period well (1/5 Mile SE) P-36-14191: historic-period structure (1/10 mile SE) P-36-14192: historic-period structure (3/5 mile W) P-36-14193: historic-period structure (3/5 mile W) P-36-14194: historic-period structure (1/5 mile W) P-36-14195: historic-period structure (3/5 mile NW) P-36-14196: historic-period structure (1/10 mile NW) P-36-14197: historic-period structure (1/10 mile E) P-36-14198: historic-period structure (1/10 mile E) P-36-14199: historic-period structure (1/4 mile E) P-36-14200: historic-period structure (1/4 mile E) P-36-14201: historic-period structure (1/2 mile E) P-36-15291: historic-period structure (1/4 mile E) P-36-15376: Historic-Period District (4/5 mile N) P-36-19910: historic-period structure (2/5 mile S) P-36-19911: historic-period structure (1/4 mile SE) P-36-19912: historic-period structure (1/4 mile SE) P-36-19913: historic-period structure (3/5 mile E) P-36-20915: historic-period structure (2/5 mile NW) P-36-20916: historic-period structure (1/4 mile NW) P-36-20917: historic-period structure (4/5 mile NW) P-36-20918: historic-period structure (4/5 mile NW) SB-438, 1011, 1189, 1611, 1737, 1983, 2064, 2096, 2621*, 2765, 2766, 3172, 3173, 4018, 4020, 4022, 4207, 4209, 4548, 5095, 6016, 6392, 6414, 6450 Review of historic aerial photographs and San Bernardino County Assessor’s Office records has revealed that the project site was vacant until construction of residences along the south border of the project property began in 1952. By 1953 residences located at 15956, 15966, 15984, 16006, and 16024 Torrey Avenue were constructed. Additional residences were constructed, filling the southern half of the project property by 1955. One additional residence was constructed by 1966 located at 92336 Highland Avenue, in the central portion of the north half of the project site. The residences on the south side of the project site were demolished between 1994 and 2002, most likely in 1996 when the City assumed ownership of the parcels (San Bernardino County Assessor 2021; USDA 1936, 1938, 1948, 1952, 1959, 1966, 1980, 1994, 2002). Field Survey During the field survey, Mr. Orozco and Mr. Shepetuk carefully inspected the project site. They identified site KIM2104-H-1, a historic-period utility alignment, running through the center of the project site in an east to west direction. This resource is described in detail below. There is approximately 20 to 40 percent surface visibility within the project site. All traces of the buildings that were visible in historic aerial photos in the southern portion of the site have been removed. Vegetation included dried seasonal grasses, non-native and native brush, and several species of deciduous trees. Sediments were dominated by fine gravel and sand. O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 11 KIM2104-H-1. This resource consists of a historic-period utility alignment made up of 11 wooden utility poles, eight of which are original and were installed before 1945 according to inspection date nails. The alignment is positioned in an east to west orientation and runs the length of the project site (1,250 feet). Utilities are still actively being supplied by this alignment to the surrounding community. The eight historic-period poles in this segment of the alignment all feature one crossarm, and a guy wire. No other historic-period or prehistoric resources were identified during the survey, indicating low sensitivity for subsurface deposits in the project site. SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATIONS During the field survey an historic-period utility alignment (KIM2104-H-1) was identified. CEQA calls for the evaluation and recordation of historic and archaeological resources. The criteria for determining the significance of impacts to cultural resources are based on Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines and Guidelines for the Nomination of Properties to the California Register. Properties eligible for listing in the California Register and subject to review under CEQA are those meeting the criteria for listing in the California Register, or designation under a local ordinance. Significance Criteria California Register of Historical Resources. The California Register criteria are based on National Register criteria. For a property to be eligible for inclusion on the California Register, one or more of the following criteria must be met: 1. It is associated with the events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history, or the cultural heritage of California or the U.S.; 2. It is associated with the lives of persons important to local, California, or U.S. history; 3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, represents the work of a master, possesses high artistic values; and/or 4. It has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California, or the nation. In addition to meeting one or more of the above criteria, the California Register requires that sufficient time has passed since a resource’s period of significance to “obtain a scholarly perspective on the events or individuals associated with the resources.” (CCR 4852 [d][2]). The California Register also requires that a resource possess integrity. This is defined as the ability for the resource to convey its significance through seven aspects: location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Finally, CEQA requires that significant effects on unique archaeological resources be considered and addressed. CEQA defines a unique archaeological resource as any archaeological artifact, object, or site about which it can be clearly demonstrated that, without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets any of the following criteria: 1. Contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 12 there is a demonstrable public interest in that information. 2. Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available example of its type. 3. Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person. Significance Threshold Criteria CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5 Appendix G includes significance criteria relative to archaeological and historical resources. These have been utilized as thresholds of significance here, and a project would have a significant environmental impact if it would: a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource as defined in section 10564.5; b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to Section 10564.5; c) Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. California Register Evaluation KIM2104-H-1. Research has failed to associate the historic-period utility alignment with any important events or persons (Criteria 1 and 2). The site does not embody any distinctive characteristics, represent the work of a master, or possess high artistic values (Criterion 3). Intensive survey has not identified any potential for the site to yield information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California, or the nation (Criterion 4). The site is not recommended eligible for the California Register, and is not recommended a historical resource under CEQA. Finally, the site does not contain information relevant to important scientific research questions and lacks special or particular qualities. As such it is not a unique archaeological resource. RECOMMENDATIONS Records search results performed by SCCIC staff using data on file at California State University Fullerton indicate that the project site has been subject to one previous cultural resources assessment and that no cultural resources have been identified within its boundaries. During the field survey, BCR Consulting archaeologists identified a historic-period utility alignment within the project site boundaries. This resource is not recommended eligible for California Register listing. As such, this resource is not recommended a “historical resource” under CEQA and does not warrant further consideration. Based on these results BCR Consulting recommends that no additional cultural resource work or monitoring is necessary for any earthmoving proposed within the project site. However, if previously undocumented cultural resources are identified during earthmoving activities, a qualified archaeologist should be contacted to assess the nature and significance of the find, diverting construction excavation if necessary. Findings were positive during the Sacred Lands File search with the NAHC. The NAHC did not indicate the nature or location of the resource(s), but recommended contacting the listed tribes for more information (see Appendix A). The City will initiate and Assembly Bill (AB) 52 Native American Consultation for the project. Since the City will initiate and carry out the O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 13 required Native American Consultation, the results of the consultation are not provided in this report. However, this report may be used during the consultation process, and BCR Consulting staff is available to answer questions and address concerns as necessary. According to CEQA Guidelines, projects subject to CEQA must determine whether the project would “directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource”. The appended Paleontological Overview provided in Appendix B has recommended that: The geologic units underlying this project are mapped entirely as alluvial gravel and sand deposits dating from the Holocene period (Dibblee, 2003). While Holocene alluvial units are considered to be of high preservation value, material found is unlikely to be fossil material due to the relatively modern associated dates of the deposits. However, if development requires any substantial depth of disturbance, the likelihood of reaching Pleistocene alluvial sediments would increase. The Western Science Center does not have localities within the project area or within a 0.5 mile radius. While the presence of any fossil material is unlikely, if excavation activity disturbs deeper sediment dating to the earliest parts of the Holocene or Late Pleistocene periods, the material would be scientifically significant. Excavation activity associated with the development of the project area is unlikely to be paleontologically sensitive, but caution during development should be observed. If human remains are encountered during the undertaking, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be prehistoric, the Coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 14 REFERENCES Bean, Lowell John, and Charles Smith 1978 California, edited by R.F. Heizer. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C. Beattie, George W., and Helen P. Beattie 1974 Heritage of the Valley: San Bernardino’s First Century. Biobooks: Oakland. Beck, Warren A., and Ynez D. Haase 1974 Historical Atlas of California. Oklahoma City: University of Oklahoma Press. Bettinger, Robert L., and R.E. Taylor 1974 Suggested Revisions in Archaeological Sequences of the Great Basin and Interior Southern California. Nevada Archaeological Survey Research Papers 3:1-26. Boscana, Father Geronimo 1933 Chinigchinich: Alfred Robinson's Translation of Father Geronimo Boscana's Historic Account of the Belief, Usages, Customs and Extravagancies of the Indians of this Mission of San Juan Capistrano Called the Acagchemem Tribe. Fine Arts Press, Santa Ana. Brunzell, David 2017 Cultural Resources Assessment El Paseo Project, Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. On File at the South-Central Coastal Information Center. Fullerton, California. Campbell, E., and W. Campbell 1935 The Pinto Basin. Southwest Museum Papers 9:1-51. Cleland, Robert Glass 1941 The Cattle on a Thousand Hills—Southern California, 1850-80. San Marino, California: Huntington Library. Dibblee Jr., Thomas W. 2003 Geologic Map of the Devore Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Flenniken, J.J. 1985 Stone Tool Reduction Techniques as Cultural Markers. Stone Tool Analysis: Essays in Honor of Don E. Crabtree, edited by M.G. Plew, J.C. Woods, and M.G. Pavesic. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Flenniken, J.J. and A.W. Raymond 1986 Morphological Projectile Point Typology: Replication, Experimentation, and Technological Analysis. American Antiquity 51:603-614. Flenniken, J.J. and Philip J. Wilke 1989 Typology, Technology, and Chronology of Great Basin Dart Points. American Anthropologist 91:149-158. O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 15 Heizer, Robert F. 1968 Introduction and Notes: The Indians of Los Angeles County: Hugo Reid's Letters of 1852, edited and annotated by Robert F. Heizer. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles. Hunt, Alice P. 1960 The Archaeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, California. University of Utah Anthropological Papers No. 47. Jaeger, Edmund C., and Arthur C. Smith 1971 Introduction to the Natural History of Southern California. California Natural History Guides: 13. University of California Press. Los Angeles Johnston, B.E. 1962 California's Gabrielino Indians. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles. Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Reprinted in 1976, New York: Dover Publications. Lanning, Edward P. 1963 The Archaeology of the Rose Spring Site (Iny-372). University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 49(3):237-336. Lightfoot, Kent G., Otis Parrish 2009 California Indians and Their Environment, an Introduction. University of California Press, Berkeley. McCawley, William 1996 The First Angelinos, The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. Malki Museum Press/Ballena Press Cooperative Publication. Banning/Novato, California. San Bernardino County Assessor 2021 Property Information Management System Internet Site. Accessed on 9/21/2021. http://www.sbcounty.gov/assessor/pims/PIMSINTERFACE.ASPX. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1936 Historic aerial photograph. Online Resource. Accessed on 9/20/2021. https://mil.library.ucsb.edu/ap_indexes/FrameFinder/. 1938 Historic aerial photograph. Online Resource. Accessed on 9/21/2021. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer. 1948 Historic aerial photograph. Online Resource. Accessed on 9/21/2021. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer. 1952 Historic aerial photograph. Online Resource. Accessed on 9/20/2021. https://mil.library.ucsb.edu/ap_indexes/FrameFinder/. O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T 16 1959 Historic aerial photograph. Online Resource. Accessed on 9/20/2021. https://mil.library.ucsb.edu/ap_indexes/FrameFinder/. 1966 Historic aerial photograph. Online Resource. Accessed on 9/21/2021. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer. 1980 Historic aerial photograph. Online Resource. Accessed on 9/20/2021. https://mil.library.ucsb.edu/ap_indexes/FrameFinder/. 1994 Historic aerial photograph. Online Resource. Accessed on 9/21/2021. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer. 2002 Historic aerial photograph. Online Resource. Accessed on 9/21/2021. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer. United States Geological Survey 1988 Devore, California 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map. Wallace, William J. 1958 Archaeological Investigation in Death Valley National Monument. University of California Archaeological Survey Reports 42:7-22. 1962 Prehistoric Cultural Development in the Southern California Deserts. American Antiquity 28(2):172-180. 1978 The Southern Valley Yokuts, and The Northern Valley Yokuts. In Handbook of the North American Indians, Vol. 8, California, edited by W.L. d’Azevedo, pp. 448-470. W.C. Sturtevant, General Editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. Warren, Claude N. and R.H. Crabtree 1986 The Prehistory of the Southwestern Great Basin. In Handbook of the North American Indians, Vol. 11, Great Basin, edited by W.L. d’Azevedo, pp.183-193. W.C. Sturtevant, General Editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. Williams, Patricia, Leah Messinger, Sarah Johnson 2008 Habitats Alive! An Ecological Guide to California's Diverse Habitats. California Institute for Biodiversity, Claremont, California. O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T APPENDIX A DPR 523 FORMS State of California ⎯ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 2 *Resource Name or #: KIM2104-H-1 P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location:  Not for Publication  Unrestricted *a. County: San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Devore, California Date: 1988 T 1N; R 6W; Section 36; SBBM c. Address: City: Fontana Zip: 92336 d. UTM: Zone: 11; 458051 mE/ 3777254 mN (NAD83) Elevation: 1500’ AMSL e. Other Locational Data: Located on the northwest corner of the intersection of Highland Avenue and Citrus Avenue. *P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements: design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, boundaries) This site comprises a segment of an electric distribution alignment that provides power to a residential neighborhood west of Catawba Avenue. The distribution alignment segment within the study area comprises 11 wooden utility poles. While the alignment was apparently installed around 1945, eight of the original poles remain in place. 1945 and 1953 inspection tags are present on all original poles. The setting is an alluvial plain exhibiting dense, seasonal grasses and numerous small to medium rocks. Recent building demolition and mechanical clearing has resulted in the accumulation of concrete boulders, brick and mortar sections, and asphalt throughout the site. References: United States Department of Agriculture. 1938. Aerial Photographs of San Bernardino County. Historicaerials.com United States Department of Agriculture. 1959. Aerial Photographs of San Bernardino County. Historicaerials.com *P3b. Resource Attributes: AH15. Standing structures P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) Photo 11: Overview of historic-age power distribution line, 3/17/21 (View east) *P6. Date Built; Age and Source: Historic c1938-1959 (USDA 1938, 1959) Prehistoric Both *P7. Owner and Address: City of Fontana *P8. Recorded by: J. Orozco, N. Shepetuk BCR Consulting LLC Claremont, CA 91711 P9. Date: 3/18/21 * P10. Survey Type: Intensive. *P11. Report Citation: Cultural Resources Assessment of the Fontana Square Project. BCR Consulting. *Attachments: NONE  Location Map  Sketch Map  Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record  Other (List): DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T APPENDIX B PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHS O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T Photo 1: Overview of E end of project site; construction debris in foreground (view SE) Photo 2: Overview of project site from E end; KIM2104-H-1 on left side (view W) O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T Photo 3: close up of utility pole inspection tags; UTM 11S 458051mE 3777254mN Photo 4: project overview from W end; KIM2104-H-1 overview (view E) O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T APPENDIX C NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION SACRED LANDS FILE SEARCH STATE OF CALIFORNIA Gavin Newsom, Governor NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION Page 1 of 2 March 23, 2021 Nicholas Shepetuk BCR Consulting LLC Via Email to: nickshepetuk@gmail.com Re: Native American Tribal Consultation, Pursuant to the Assembly Bill 52 (AB 52), Amendments to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Chapter 532, Statutes of 2014), Public Resources Code Sections 5097.94 (m), 21073, 21074, 21080.3.1, 21080.3.2, 21082.3, 21083.09, 21084.2 and 21084.3, Fontana Square Project, San Bernardino County Dear Mr. Shepetuk: Pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1 (c), attached is a consultation list of tribes that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of the above-listed project. Please note that the intent of the AB 52 amendments to CEQA is to avoid and/or mitigate impacts to tribal cultural resources, (Pub. Resources Code §21084.3 (a)) (“Public agencies shall, when feasible, avoid damaging effects to any tribal cultural resource.”) Public Resources Code sections 21080.3.1 and 21084.3(c) require CEQA lead agencies to consult with California Native American tribes that have requested notice from such agencies of proposed projects in the geographic area that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with the tribes on projects for which a Notice of Preparation or Notice of Negative Declaration or Mitigated Negative Declaration has been filed on or after July 1, 2015. Specifically, Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1 (d) provides: Within 14 days of determining that an application for a project is complete or a decision by a public agency to undertake a project, the lead agency shall provide formal notification to the designated contact of, or a tribal representative of, traditionally and culturally affiliated California Native American tribes that have requested notice, which shall be accomplished by means of at least one written notification that includes a brief description of the proposed project and its location, the lead agency contact information, and a notification that the California Native American tribe has 30 days to request consultation pursuant to this section. The AB 52 amendments to CEQA law does not preclude initiating consultation with the tribes that are culturally and traditionally affiliated within your jurisdiction prior to receiving requests for notification of projects in the tribe’s areas of traditional and cultural affiliation. The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) recommends, but does not require, early consultation as a best practice to ensure that lead agencies receive sufficient information about cultural resources in a project area to avoid damaging effects to tribal cultural resources. The NAHC also recommends, but does not require that agencies should also include with their notification letters, information regarding any cultural resources assessment that has been completed on the area of potential effect (APE), such as: 1. The results of any record search that may have been conducted at an Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS), including, but not limited to: CHAIRPERSON Laura Miranda Luiseño VICE CHAIRPERSON Reginald Pagaling Chumash SECRETARY Merri Lopez-Keifer Luiseño PARLIAMENTARIAN Russell Attebery Karuk COMMISSIONER William Mungary Paiute/White Mountain Apache COMMISSIONER Julie Tumamait-Stenslie Chumash COMMISSIONER [Vacant] COMMISSIONER [Vacant] COMMISSIONER [Vacant] EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Christina Snider Pomo NAHC HEADQUARTERS 1550 Harbor Boulevard Suite 100 West Sacramento, California 95691 (916) 373-3710 nahc@nahc.ca.gov NAHC.ca.gov Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Jeff Grubbe, Chairperson 5401 Dinah Shore Drive Palm Springs, CA, 92264 Phone: (760) 699 - 6800 Fax: (760) 699-6919 Cahuilla Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Patricia Garcia-Plotkin, Director 5401 Dinah Shore Drive Palm Springs, CA, 92264 Phone: (760) 699 - 6907 Fax: (760) 699-6924 ACBCI-THPO@aguacaliente.net Cahuilla Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians - Kizh Nation Andrew Salas, Chairperson P.O. Box 393 Covina, CA, 91723 Phone: (626) 926 - 4131 admin@gabrielenoindians.org Gabrieleno Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians Anthony Morales, Chairperson P.O. Box 693 San Gabriel, CA, 91778 Phone: (626) 483 - 3564 Fax: (626) 286-1262 GTTribalcouncil@aol.com Gabrieleno Gabrielino /Tongva Nation Sandonne Goad, Chairperson 106 1/2 Judge John Aiso St., #231 Los Angeles, CA, 90012 Phone: (951) 807 - 0479 sgoad@gabrielino-tongva.com Gabrielino Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council Robert Dorame, Chairperson P.O. Box 490 Bellflower, CA, 90707 Phone: (562) 761 - 6417 Fax: (562) 761-6417 gtongva@gmail.com Gabrielino Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe Charles Alvarez, 23454 Vanowen Street West Hills, CA, 91307 Phone: (310) 403 - 6048 roadkingcharles@aol.com Gabrielino Morongo Band of Mission Indians Robert Martin, Chairperson 12700 Pumarra Road Banning, CA, 92220 Phone: (951) 849 - 8807 Fax: (951) 922-8146 dtorres@morongo-nsn.gov Cahuilla Serrano Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation Jill McCormick, Historic Preservation Officer P.O. Box 1899 Yuma, AZ, 85366 Phone: (760) 572 - 2423 historicpreservation@quechantrib e.com Quechan San Manuel Band of Mission Indians Jessica Mauck, Director of Cultural Resources 26569 Community Center Drive Highland, CA, 92346 Phone: (909) 864 - 8933 jmauck@sanmanuel-nsn.gov Serrano Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians Lovina Redner, Tribal Chair P.O. Box 391820 Anza, CA, 92539 Phone: (951) 659 - 2700 Fax: (951) 659-2228 lsaul@santarosa-nsn.gov Cahuilla Serrano Nation of Mission Indians Wayne Walker, Co-Chairperson P. O. Box 343 Patton, CA, 92369 Phone: (253) 370 - 0167 serranonation1@gmail.com Serrano 1 of 2 This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resources Code and section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code. This list is only applicable for consultation with Native American tribes under Public Resources Code Sections 21080.3.1 for the proposed Fontana Square Project, San Bernardino County. PROJ-2021- 001582 03/23/2021 10:46 AM Native American Heritage Commission Tribal Consultation List San Bernardino County 3/23/2021 Serrano Nation of Mission Indians Mark Cochrane, Co-Chairperson P. O. Box 343 Patton, CA, 92369 Phone: (909) 528 - 9032 serranonation1@gmail.com Serrano Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians Isaiah Vivanco, Chairperson P. O. Box 487 San Jacinto, CA, 92581 Phone: (951) 654 - 5544 Fax: (951) 654-4198 ivivanco@soboba-nsn.gov Cahuilla Luiseno 2 of 2 This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resources Code and section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code. This list is only applicable for consultation with Native American tribes under Public Resources Code Sections 21080.3.1 for the proposed Fontana Square Project, San Bernardino County. PROJ-2021- 001582 03/23/2021 10:46 AM Native American Heritage Commission Tribal Consultation List San Bernardino County 3/23/2021 Page 2 of 2 • A listing of any and all known cultural resources that have already been recorded on or adjacent to the APE, such as known archaeological sites; • Copies of any and all cultural resource records and study reports that may have been provided by the Information Center as part of the records search response; • Whether the records search indicates a low, moderate, or high probability that unrecorded cultural resources are located in the APE; and • If a survey is recommended by the Information Center to determine whether previously unrecorded cultural resources are present. 2. The results of any archaeological inventory survey that was conducted, including: • Any report that may contain site forms, site significance, and suggested mitigation measures. All information regarding site locations, Native American human remains, and associated funerary objects should be in a separate confidential addendum, and not be made available for public disclosure in accordance with Government Code section 6254.10. 3. The result of any Sacred Lands File (SLF) check conducted through the Native American Heritage Commission was positive. Please contact the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation on the attached list for more information. 4. Any ethnographic studies conducted for any area including all or part of the APE; and 5. Any geotechnical reports regarding all or part of the APE. Lead agencies should be aware that records maintained by the NAHC and CHRIS are not exhaustive and a negative response to these searches does not preclude the existence of a tribal cultural resource. A tribe may be the only source of information regarding the existence of a tribal cultural resource. This information will aid tribes in determining whether to request formal consultation. In the event that they do, having the information beforehand will help to facilitate the consultation process. If you receive notification of change of addresses and phone numbers from tribes, please notify the NAHC. With your assistance, we can assure that our consultation list remains current. If you have any questions, please contact me at my email address: Andrew.Green@nahc.ca.gov. Sincerely, Andrew Green Cultural Resources Analyst Attachment O C T O B E R 1 3, 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T F O N T A N A S Q U A R E P R O J E C T APPENDIX D PALEONTOLOGICAL OVERVIEW 2345 Searl Parkway ♦ Hemet, CA 92543 ♦ phone 951.791.0033 ♦ fax 951.791.0032 ♦ WesternScienceCenter.org BCR Consulting LLC March 23, 2021 Nicholas Shepetuk 505 West 8th Street Claremont, CA 91711 Dear Mr. Shepetuk, This letter presents the results of a record search conducted for the Fontana Square Project in the city of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. The project site is located west of Citrus Avenue, north of South Highland Avenue, and south of Interstate 210 in Section 36, Township 1 North, Range 6 West on the Devore, CA USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle. The geologic units underlying this project are mapped entirely as alluvial gravel and sand deposits dating from the Holocene period (Dibblee, 2003). While Holocene alluvial units are considered to be of high preservation value, material found is unlikely to be fossil material due to the relatively modern associated dates of the deposits. However, if development requires any substantial depth of disturbance, the likelihood of reaching Pleistocene alluvial sediments would increase. The Western Science Center does not have localities within the project area or within a 1 mile radius. While the presence of any fossil material is unlikely, if excavation activity disturbs deeper sediment dating to the earliest parts of the Holocene or Late Pleistocene periods, the material would be scientifically significant. Excavation activity associated with the development of the project area is unlikely to be paleontologically sensitive, but caution during development should be observed. If you have any questions or would like further information, please feel free to contact me at dradford@westerncentermuseum.org Sincerely, Darla Radford Collections Manager OCTOBER 13 , 2 0 2 1 B C R C O N S U L T I N G L L C C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A S S E S S M E N T SFONTANA SQUARE PROJECT APPENDIX E RECORDS SEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY Report List Report No.Year Title AffiliationAuthor(s)ResourcesOther IDs SB-00438 1976 ARCHAEOLOGICAL - HISTORICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT OF NORTH FONTANA PARK AND RECREATION DISTRICT AT HIGHLAND AVENUE AND CATAWEA AVENUE IN FONTANA AREA SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY MUSEUM ASSOCIATION HEARN, JOSEPH E.NADB-R - 1060438; Voided - 76-11.8 SB-01011 1980 TENTATIVE TRACT NO. 11523, ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY MUSEUM ASSOCIATION SMITH, GERALD A.NADB-R - 1061011; Voided - 80-8.9 SB-01189 1981 CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT ON THE RANCHO FONTANA PROJECT LOCATED IN THE FONTANA AREA OF THE COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO SCIENTIFIC RESOURCE SURVEYS, INC. SCIENTIFIC RESOURCE SURVEYS, INC. NADB-R - 1061189; Voided - 81-9.7 SB-01611 1986 A CULTURAL RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE OF THE LA CUESTA PROPERTY, FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA RMW PALEO BISSELL, RONALD M.36-006588NADB-R - 1061611; Paleo - ; Voided - 86-12.7 SB-01611A 1986 ASSESSMENT OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES FOR THE LA CUESTA SPECIFIC PLAN, FONTANA, CALIFORNIA RMW PALEO RASCHKE, ROD SB-01737 1987 DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY REPORT FOR THE LA CUESTA PROPERTY: HISTORICAL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES HATHEWAY AND MCKENNA HATHEWAY, ROGER G. and JEANETTE A. MCKENNA 36-011505NADB-R - 1061737; Voided - 87-10.8 SB-01983 1989 HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE LA CUESTA/SIERRA LAKES TREE RELOCATION PROJECT AREA, PHASES 2, 3, 4, AND 5, FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA MCKENNA ET AL.MCKENNA, JEANETTE A. NADB-R - 1061983; Voided - 89-12.3 SB-02064 1990 HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE LA CUESTA/SIERRA LAKES TREE RELOCATION PROJECT AREA PHASE 6, FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA MCKENNA ET AL.MCKENNA, JEANETTE A. 36-006583, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006587, 36-006588, 36-006589 NADB-R - 1062064; Voided - 90-1.11 Page 1 of 4 SBAIC 5/3/2021 1:02:13 PM Report List Report No.Year Title AffiliationAuthor(s)ResourcesOther IDs SB-02096 1990 PHASE II INVESTIGATIONS: HISTORIC DOCUMENTATION AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEST EXCAVATIONS OF SITES WITHIN THE LA CUESTA/SIERRA LAKES TREE RELOCATION PROJECT AREA, FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA MCKENNA ET ALMCKENNA, JEANETTE A. 36-006583, 36-006584, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006588, 36-006589 NADB-R - 1062096; Voided - 90-4.9 SB-02621 1992 CULTURAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS WITHIN THE NORTH FONTANA INFRASTRUCTURE AREA, CITY OF FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTING SERVICES ALEXANDROWICZ, J. STEVEN, ANNE Q. DUFFIELD-STOLL, JEANETTE A. MCKENNA, SUSAN R. ALEXANDROWICZ, ARTHUR A. KUHNER, and ERIC SCOTT 36-004296, 36-006110, 36-006111, 36-006251, 36-006583, 36-006584, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006587, 36-006588, 36-006589, 36-006807, 36-006808, 36-006809, 36-006810, 36-006811, 36-006812, 36-006813, 36-006814, 36-006815, 36-006816 NADB-R - 1062621; Voided - 92-2.20A-B SB-02765 1993 A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY AND INVENTORY FOR THE SIERRA LAKES WEST PROJECT AREA, FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA MCKENNA ET ALMCKENNA, JEANETTE A. NADB-R - 1062765 SB-02766 1993 ADDENDUM REPORT: A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION FOR THE SIERRA LAKES WEST PROJECT AREA, FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA MCKENNA ET ALLMCKENNA, JEANETTE A. NADB-R - 1062766 SB-03172 1996 A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCE INVESTIGATION OF THE LANDINGS 750 LLC PROJECT AREA, A 200 +/- ACRE PROPERTY LOCATED IIN NORTH FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA. 51PP MCKENNA ET ALMCKENNA, JEANETTE A. and RICHARD S. SHEPARD 36-009363, 36-009364, 36-009365NADB-R - 1063172 SB-03173 1997 PHASE III CUTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE LANDINGS 750 LLC PROJECT AREA, A 200 +/- ACRE PROPERTY LOCATED IN NORTH FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA. 45PP MCKENNA ET ALMCKENNA, JEANETTE A. and RICHARD S. SHEPARD 36-009363, 36-009364, 36-009365, 36-009366 NADB-R - 1063173 SB-04018 2002 PROPOSED WIRELESS DEVICE MONOPINE & EQUIPMENT CABINET; COOPER SITE, 16194 CITRUS AVE, FONTANA, CA. 31PP TETRA TECH, INCBUDINGER, FREDNADB-R - 1064018 Page 2 of 4 SBAIC 5/3/2021 1:02:13 PM Report List Report No.Year Title AffiliationAuthor(s)ResourcesOther IDs SB-04020 1996 HISTORIC DOCUMENTATION & ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEST EXCAVATIONS OF HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WITHIN THE SIERRA LAKES TREE LOCATION PROJECT AREA, FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA. 596PP MCKENNA ET ALMCKENNA, JEANETTE A. 36-006583, 36-006584, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006587, 36-006588, 36-006589 NADB-R - 1064020 SB-04022 1999 REPORT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING ACTIVITIES AT THE SIERRA LAKES PROJECT SITE, CITY OF FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA. 129PP MCKENNA ET ALMCKENNA, JEANETTE A. 36-006583, 36-006584, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006587, 36-006588, 36-006589 NADB-R - 1064022 SB-04207 2004 HISTORICAL/ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES SURVEY REPORT: FONTANA AUTO MALL OVERLAY ZONE, CITY OF FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA. 26PP CRM TECHHOGAN, MICHAEL 36-006251, 36-007327, 36-007332, 36-014197, 36-014200, 36-014201, 36-014202, 36-015291 NADB-R - 1064207 SB-04209 2004 A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION OF THE FONTANA UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL #33 PROJECT AREA IN THE CITY OF FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA 40PP MCKENNA ET ALMCKENNA, JEANETTE A. NADB-R - 1064209 SB-04548 2005 CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT: LYTLE CREEK APARTMENTS PROJECT SITE, FONTANA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CA. 14PP\] BON TERRA CONSULTINGSHEPARD, RICHARDNADB-R - 1064548 SB-05095 2005 CULTURAL RESOURCE RECORDS SEARCH AND SITE VISIT RESULTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS FACILITY CANDIDATE HORIZON TOWER- FONTANNA, 6498 CATAWBA AVENUE, FONTANNA, SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA BONNER, WAYNE H.NADB-R - 1065095 SB-06016 SB-06392 SB-06414 2009 Addendum to Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report, Fontana Sports Park Project, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. Tang, Bai "Tom"NADB-R - 1066414 Page 3 of 4 SBAIC 5/3/2021 1:02:14 PM Report List Report No.Year Title AffiliationAuthor(s)ResourcesOther IDs SB-06450 2009 Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: Fontana Sports Park Project, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. CRM TechTang, Bai "Tom", Terri Jacquemain, and Daniel Ballester NADB-R - 1066450 Page 4 of 4 SBAIC 5/3/2021 1:02:14 PM Primary No.Trinomial Resource List Other IDs ReportsTypeAgeAttribute codes Recorded by P-36-006251 CA-SBR-006251H 08-SBd-30-PS-HA-02 SB-02043, SB- 02527, SB-02621, SB-04207 AH02; AH04 1989 (Sutton) P-36-007326 CA-SBR-007326H 08-SBd-30-PS-12 AH02; AH04 1992 (Sutton / Hammond) P-36-007327 CA-SBR-007327H 08-SBd-30-PS-13 SB-04207AH02; AH05 1992 (Sutton /) P-36-014191 15572 Highland Ave, Fontana; Green Property AH15 1989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014192 15674 Highland Ave, Fontana; Johnson House AH15 1989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014193 6554 Knox, Fontana; Chapman House AH15 1989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014194 6401 Cooper, Fontana AH15 1989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014195 6406 Cooper, Fontana; Burgeno House AH15 1989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014196 15860 Highland, Fontana AH15 1989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014197 16173 Highland Ave, Fontana; The Rock Innj SB-04207AH151989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014198 16223 Highland Ave, Fontana; White/Coombs House AH15 1989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014199 16273-16281 Highland, Fontana; McAdams House AH15 1989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014200 16295 Highland Ave, Fontana SB-04207AH151989 (A. Gallup) P-36-014201 16491 Highland Ave, Fontana SB-04207AH151989 (A. Gallup) P-36-015291 16211 Highland, Fontana; Blackstone House SB-04207AH15 P-36-015376 Resource Name - Grapeland Homesteads & Water Works; PHI - SBR-116 SB-04012, SB-05691Building, Structure, Other Historic HP22; HP29; HP30; HP33; HP39 1987 (Anicic, John, Fontana Historical Society); 1989; 2016 P-36-019910 6663 Citrus Ave, Fontana; CRM Tech 1300-1 AH15 2004 (TANG) P-36-019911 6619 Oleander Ave, Fontana; CRM Tech 1300-2 AH15 2004 (TANG) P-36-019912 6607 Oleander Ave, Fontana; CRM Tech 1300-3 AH15 2004 (TANG) Page 1 of 2 SBAIC 5/3/2021 1:02:02 PM Resources highlighted in green have been previously verified by SCCIC staff. Primary No.Trinomial Resource List Other IDs ReportsTypeAgeAttribute codes Recorded by P-36-019913 6531 Oleander Ave, Fontana; CRM Tech 1300-4 AH15 2004 (TANG) P-36-020915 6327 Knox Ave, Fontana AH15 2009 (CRM Tech) P-36-020916 6335 Cooper Ave, Fontana AH15 2009 (CRM Tech) P-36-020917 6304 Knox Ave, Fontana AH15 2009 (CRM Tech) P-36-020918 15669 Sierra Lakes Parkway, Fontana AH15 2009 (CRM Tech) Page 2 of 2 SBAIC 5/3/2021 1:02:02 PM