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Intial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration
Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Prepared for: CITY OF FONTANA City of Fontana Planning Department Cecily Session-Goins, Associate Planner 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, CA 92335-3528 Telephone: (909) 350-6723 Allard Engineering Bobby Allard, P.E., Project Manager 16866 Seville Avenue Fontana, CA 92335 Prepared by: UltraSystems Environmental Inc. 16431 Scientific Way Irvine, CA 92618-4355 Telephone: 949.788.4900 FAX: 949.788.4901 www.ultrasystems.com June 2022 This page left intentionally blank. PROJECT INFORMATION SHEET 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page i Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEET Project Title Summit Avenue Warehouse Project CEQA Lead Agency and Address City of Fontana 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana, CA 92335-3528 Contact and Phone Number Cecily Session-Goins, Associate Planner (909) 350-6723 CSGoins@fontana.org Project Applicant Allard Engineering 16866 Seville Avenue, Fontana, CA 92336 Project Location East side of Sierra Avenue, and north of Summit Avenue Fontana, CA 92336 Assessor’s Parcel Numbers APNs: 0239-161-28 Project Site General Plan Designation(s)C-G, General Commercial Project Site Zoning Designation(s)C-2, General Commercial Surrounding Land Uses and Setting Land uses surrounding the project site include industrial, and Summit Rose Specific Plan residential areas. North Light Industrial (I-L) Commercial and industrial land uses are located to the north. South Light Industrial (I-L) Commercial and industrial land uses are located to the south. West Residential Planned Community (R-PC) Sierra Lakes and Summit at Rosena Specific Plans East Light Industrial (I-L) Industrial land uses are located to the east. PROJECT INFORMATION SHEET 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page ii Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Description of Project The Summit Avenue and Sierra Avenue Industrial Warehouse Project would be a 102,380-square-foot warehouse facility located on 4.49 gross acres. The proposed building would include a 5,000-square-foot office, a 5,000-square-foot office mezzanine and 92,380 square feet of warehouse space. Onsite water, and storm drain utility improvements would be provided. Offsite improvements would include water and sewer. In addition, the site would provide adequate ingress and egress, parking, and loading areas for passenger vehicles, tractor/trailer vehicles, and pedestrians. Underground chambers would be provided for low-flow filtration of stormwater runoff. The logistics/distribution center would have 11 truck dock bays, 53 automobile parking spaces and additional trailer parking spaces. Primary site access would be via two driveways, one from Sierra Avenue at the northwest corner of the project site. Summit Avenue would terminate into a project driveway on the south side of the project site, continuous with a driveway on the east side of the site. The site is currently vacant and has sparse ground vegetation. Selected Agencies whose Approval is Required City of Fontana West Valley Water District Southern California Gas Company Southern California Edison Company Have California Native American tribes traditionally and culturally affiliated with the project area requested consultation pursuant to Public Resources Code § 21080.3.1? If so, has consultation begun? Letters were sent by the City (the lead agency) to five local Native American tribes asking if they wished to participate in AB 52 consultation concerning the Summit Avenue Warehouse Project within the City of Fontana. The letters were sent on October 6, 2021 by certified mail. The Gabrielino – Kizh Nation requested consultation; this was conducted and was concluded on December 10, 2021. Other Public Agencies whose Approval is Required None. TABLE OF CONTENTS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page iii Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table of Contents PROJECT INFORMATION SHEET.................................................................................................................................i Table of Contents ..........................................................................................................................................................iv Acronyms and Abbreviations..................................................................................................................................vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Proposed Project .............................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Lead Agencies – Environmental Review Implementation.............................................................1-1 1.3 CEQA Overview................................................................................................................................................1-1 1.4 Purpose of Initial Study ................................................................................................................................1-2 1.5 Review and Comment by Other Agencies.............................................................................................1-3 1.6 Impact Terminology.......................................................................................................................................1-3 1.7 Organization of Initial Study ......................................................................................................................1-4 1.8 Findings from the Initial Study..................................................................................................................1-5 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING .....................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Project Location ...............................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Project Setting...................................................................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Existing Characteristics of the Site ..........................................................................................................2-5 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................................................3-7 3.1 Project Background........................................................................................................................................3-7 3.2 Project Overview .............................................................................................................................................3-7 3.3 Construction Activities...............................................................................................................................3-16 3.4 Standard Requirements and Conditions of Approval...................................................................3-16 3.5 Discretionary and Ministerial Approvals...........................................................................................3-17 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST ................................................................................................................4-1 Environmental Factors Potentially Affected........................................................................................................4-1 Determination (To Be Completed by the Lead Agency)..................................................................................4-1 Evaluation of Environmental Impacts ....................................................................................................................4-2 4.1 Aesthetics........................................................................................................................................................4.1-1 4.2 Agriculture and Forestry Resources ...................................................................................................4.2-6 4.3 Air Quality.......................................................................................................................................................4.3-1 4.4 Biological Resources..................................................................................................................................4.4-1 4.5 Cultural Resources......................................................................................................................................4.5-1 4.6 Energy...............................................................................................................................................................4.6-1 4.7 Geology and Soils.........................................................................................................................................4.7-1 4.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions......................................................................................................................4.8-1 4.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials.......................................................................................................4.9-1 4.10 Hydrology and Water Quality..............................................................................................................4.10-1 4.11 Land Use and Planning ...........................................................................................................................4.11-1 4.12 Mineral Resources....................................................................................................................................4.12-1 4.13 Noise...............................................................................................................................................................4.13-1 4.14 Population and Housing.........................................................................................................................4.14-1 4.15 Public Services...........................................................................................................................................4.15-1 4.16 Recreation....................................................................................................................................................4.16-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page iv Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.17 Transportation...........................................................................................................................................4.17-1 4.18 Tribal Cultural Resources......................................................................................................................4.18-1 4.19 Utilities and Service Systems...............................................................................................................4.19-1 4.20 Wildfire..........................................................................................................................................................4.20-1 4.21 Mandatory Findings of Significance..................................................................................................4.21-1 5.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................5-1 6.0 LIST OF PREPARERS ...................................................................................................................................6-1 6.1 Lead Agency (CEQA)......................................................................................................................................6-1 6.2 Project Applicant.............................................................................................................................................6-1 6.3 Project Engineering Team...........................................................................................................................6-1 6.4 UltraSystems Environmental, Inc.............................................................................................................6-1 7.0 Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program................................................................................7-1 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1-1 - Regional Location...............................................................................................................................................2-2 Figure 2.1-2 - Project Location..................................................................................................................................................2-3 Figure 2.2-2 - Project Site Photographs ................................................................................................................................2-4 Figure 3.2-1 - Proposed Site Plan.............................................................................................................................................3-9 Figure 3.2-2 - Conceptual Rendering of the Proposed Project .................................................................................3-10 Figure 3.2-3 - Proposed Building Elevations....................................................................................................................3-11 Figure 3.2-4 - Material Board..................................................................................................................................................3-12 Figure 4.1-1 - Scenic Highways .............................................................................................................................................4.1-3 Figure 4.2-1 - Important Farmland......................................................................................................................................4.2-7 Figure 4.4-1 - Project Location and Biological Study Area (BSA)...........................................................................4.4-3 Figure 4.4-2 - Land Cover Types...........................................................................................................................................4.4-4 Figure 4.4-3 – CNDDB Known Occurrences: Plant Species and Habitats............................................................4.4-6 Figure 4.4-4 – CNDDB Known Occurrences: Wildlife Species..................................................................................4.4-7 Figure 4.4-5 – USFWS Critical Habitats...........................................................................................................................4.4-16 Figure 4.4-6 – CDFW Wildlife Corridors.........................................................................................................................4.4-19 Figure 4.5-1 - Topographic Map ...........................................................................................................................................4.5-2 Figure 4.7-1 - Regionally Active Faults ..............................................................................................................................4.7-3 Figure 4.9-1 - Fire Hazard Severity Zone - State Responsibility Area ..................................................................4.9-8 Figure 4.9-2 - Fire Hazard Severity Zone – Local Responsibility Area.................................................................4.9-9 Figure 4.10-1 - FEMA FIRM Map........................................................................................................................................4.10-6 Figure 4.11-1 - Proposed Project Site Current General Plan Land Use Designations.................................4.11-2 Figure 4.11-2 - Proposed Project Site Current Zoning Designations.................................................................4.11-3 Figure 4.12-1 - Oil and Gas Wells and Fields................................................................................................................4.12-2 Figure 4.12-2- Geothermal Wells.......................................................................................................................................4.12-3 Figure 4.13-1 - Noise Monitoring Locations.................................................................................................................4.13-3 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.2-1 - Summary of Land Use and Zoning................................................................................................................2-1 Table 3.2-1 - Landscape Plantings ........................................................................................................................................3-14 Table 3.5-1 - Ministerial Permits and Approvals............................................................................................................3-17 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page v Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table 4.1-1 - Project Compliance with City of Fontana General Plan Policies Regarding Scenic Quality and Aesthetics .........................................................................................................................................................................................4.1-4 Table 4.3-1 – Federal and State Attainment Status......................................................................................................4.3-4 Table 4.3-2 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data.....................................................................................................4.3-4 Table 4.3-3 - SCAQMD Emissions Thresholds for Significant Regional Impacts .............................................4.3-6 Table 4.3-4 - Construction Schedule...................................................................................................................................4.3-7 Table 4.3-5 - Maximum Daily Regional Construction Emissions............................................................................4.3-7 Table 4.3-6 - Maximum Daily Project Operational Emissions.................................................................................4.3-8 Table 4.3-7 - Results of Localized Significance Analysis ............................................................................................4.3-9 Table 4.6-1 - Estimated Project Operational Energy Use...........................................................................................4.6-2 Table 4.8-1 - Unmitigated Annual GHG Emissions, 2019 And Beyond ................................................................4.8-4 Table 4.13-2 - California Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise Sources........................................4.13-5 Table 4.13-3 Construction Equipment Noise Characteristics ............................................................................4.13-10 Table 4.13-4 -Estimated Construction Noise Exposures at Nearest Sensitive Receivers ......................4.13-11 Table 4.13-6 - Vibration Levels of Construction Equipment ..............................................................................4.13-14 Table 4.19-1 - Estimated Project Wastewater Generation.....................................................................................4.19-2 Table 4.19-2 - WVWD Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (AF)..................................................4.19-4 Table 4.19-3 - WVWD Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (AF).............................................4.19-4 Table 4.19-4 - WVWD Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison (AF)......................................4.19-4 Table 4.19 - Landfills Serving Fontana............................................................................................................................4.19-5 Table 4.19-6 - Estimated Project-Generated Solid Waste.......................................................................................4.19-6 Table 7.0-1 - Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program......................................................................................7-2 APPENDICES Appendix A Project Plans and Drawings Appendix B Preliminary Drainage Report Appendix C Soils Report Appendix D Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Appendix E Preliminary Water Quality Management Plan Appendix F Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment Appendix G Biological Resources Assessment Appendix H Cultural Resources Inventory Appendix I Noise Assessment Appendix J Trip Generation Memorandum ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page vi Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym/Abbreviation Term °F Degrees Fahrenheit AB Assembly Bill AB 32 California Global Warming Solutions Act Of 2006 AB 939 California Integrated Waste Management Act AB 1327 California Solid Waste Reuse And Recycling Access Act Of 1991 ADA Americans With Disabilities Act ADT Average Daily Traffic AF Acre-Feet AMSL Above Mean Sea Level APE Area of Potential Effect APN Assessor’s Parcel Number AQMP Air Quality Management Plan ARB California Air Resources Board ATP Active Transportation Plan BMPs Best Management Practices BRE Biological Resources Evaluation Report BSA Biological Study Area C-2 General Commercial C-G General Commercial CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards CAGN California Gnatcatcher Cal/OSHA California Division of Occupational Safety and Health CalEEMod California Emissions Estimator Model CAL FIRE California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection CALGreen California Green Building Standards CAPCOA California Air Pollution Control Officers Association CBC California Building Code CCAA California Clean Air Act CCR California Code of Regulations CDFW California Department of Fish & Wildlife CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CESA California Endangered Species Act CFR Code of Federal Regulations CGS California Geologic Society CH4 methane CHRIS California Historic Resources Inventory System CIWMA State of California Integrated Waste Management Act CMP Congestion Management Program CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level CNPS California Native Plant Society CNRA California Natural Resources Agency CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page vii Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Acronym/Abbreviation Term CO2e carbon dioxide equivalent COHA Cooper’s hawk CRC California Residential Code CRHR California Register of Historic Resources CWA Clean Water Act dB decibel dBA A-weighted decibel scale DEIR Draft Environmental Impact Report DIF Development Impact Fees DMA drainage management area DOC California Department of Conservation DOSH California Division of Safety and Health DPM Diesel Particulate Matter DRP Design Review Project DTSC Department of Toxic Substances Control EG Electric Generation EIR Environmental Impact Report EMS Emergency Medical Service ESA Endangered Species Act ESA Environmental Site Assessment FAR floor area ratio FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FFPD Fontana Fire Protection District FHSZ Fire Hazard Severity Zones FMMP Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program FPD Fontana Police Department FTA Federal Transit Administration FUSD Fontana Unified School District GHG greenhouse gas GPAD Gallons Per Net Acre Per Day GPCD Gallons Per Capita Per Day GWP Global Warming Potential H2S hydrogen sulfide HCP Habitat Conservation Plan HFCs hydrofluorocarbons HRA health risk assessment Hz hertz IEUA Inland Empire Utilities Agency IPaC Information, Planning, and Conservation IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IS Initial Study IS/MND Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration kWh kilowatt hours L90 noise level that is exceeded 90% of the time Leq equivalent noise level LACM Los Angeles County Natural History Museum ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page viii Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Acronym/Abbreviation Term LAPM Los Angeles Pocket Mouse LED light-emitting diode LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan LID Low Impact Development Lmax root mean square maximum noise level LOS Level of Service LRA Local Responsibility Area LRP Legally Responsible Person LSTs Localized Significance Thresholds MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act MCN Master Case Number MLD Most Likely Descendant MM(s)Mitigation Measure(s) MMRP Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program MMT Million Metric Tons MMTCO2e Million Metric Tons of CO2eMNDMitigated Negative Declaration MRZ Mineral Resource Zone MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems MWD Metropolitan Water District of Southern California N2O nitrous oxide NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAHC Native American Heritage Commission ND Negative Declaration NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NO Nitric Oxide NO2 nitrogen dioxide NOx nitrogen oxides NOI Notice of Intent NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NPPA Native Plant Protection Act NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places O3 ozone OEHHA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment OPR Governor’s Office of Planning and Research OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Pb lead PM particulate matter PM2.5 fine particulate matter PM10 respirable particulate matter Porter-Cologne Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act PPM parts per million PPV peak particle velocity PRDs Permit Registration Documents PRP Potential Responsible Party ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page ix Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Acronym/Abbreviation Term RAFSS Restorable Riversidean alluvial fan sage scrub RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act REC(s)Recognized Environmental Condition(s) REL(s)Reference Exposure Level(s) RMS root mean square ROG reactive organic gases ROW right-of-way RP Regional Plant RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board SB Senate Bill SBCIWMP San Bernardino Countywide Integrated Waste Management Plan SBCTA San Bernardino County Transportation Authority SBKR San Bernardino kangaroo rat SBVRUWMP SCAB South Coast Air Basin SCAG Southern California Association of Governments SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SCCIC South Central Coastal Information Center SCE Southern California Edison SDPM San Diego Pocket Mouse SF6 sulfur hexafluoride SIP State Implementation Plan SLF Sacred Lands File SMARTS Stormwater Multi-Application and Report Tracking System SO2 sulfur dioxide SOx sulfur oxides SoCalGas Southern California Gas Company SOPs Standard Operating Procedures SR State Route SRA State Responsibility Area SRAs Source Receptor Areas STIP Statewide Transportation Improvement Program SUSMP Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan SWIS Solid Waste Information System SWP California State Water Project SWRCB California State Water Resources Control Board SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan TCRs Tribal Cultural Resources TMP Traffic Management Plan USDA United States Department of Agriculture USGS United States Geological Survey USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service UWMP Urban Water Management Plan VdB vibration decibels VHFHSZs Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page x Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Acronym/Abbreviation Term VMT vehicle miles traveled VOC volatile organic compound WEAP Worker Environmental Awareness Program WQMP Water Quality Management Plan WOUS Water(s) Of The United States WVWD West Valley Water District SECTION 1.0 - INTRODUCTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 1-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Proposed Project The City of Fontana (City) is processing a request to implement a series of discretionary actions that would ultimately allow for the development of the Sierra Avenue and Summit Avenue Industrial Warehouse (hereby referred to as the “proposed project” or the “project”), located at the northeast corner of Sierra Avenue and Summit Avenue in the City of Fontana in San Bernardino County, California. 1.1.1 Project Components The proposed project would construct a 102,380-square-foot warehouse facility, which would include 10,000 square feet of office space (5,000 square feet on the first floor and 5,000 square feet mezzanine and 92,380 square feet of warehouse space). The warehouse would have 11 dock doors, three trailer stalls, and 53 automobile parking stalls. Refer to Section 3.0 of this document for additional details. 1.1.2 Estimated Construction Schedule It is anticipated that project construction would begin around July 2022 and would last approximately six to eight months, ending around February 2023. 1.2 Lead Agencies – Environmental Review Implementation The City of Fontana is the Lead Agency for the proposed project. Pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and its implementing regulations,1 the Lead Agency has the principal responsibility for implementing and approving a project that may have a significant effect on the environment. 1.3 CEQA Overview 1.3.1 Purpose of CEQA All discretionary projects within California are required to undergo environmental review under CEQA. A Project is defined in CEQA Guidelines § 15378 as the whole of the action having the potential to result in a direct physical change or a reasonably foreseeable indirect change to the environment and is any of the following: An activity directly undertaken by any public agency including but not limited to public works construction and related activities clearing or grading of land, improvements to existing public structures, enactment and amendment of zoning ordinances, and the adoption and amendment of local General Plans or elements. An activity undertaken by a person which is supported in whole or in part through public agency contracts, grants, subsidies, loans, or other forms of assistance from one or more public agencies. 1 Public Resources Code §§ 21000 - 21177 and California Code of Regulations Title 14, Division 6, Chapter 3. SECTION 1.0 - INTRODUCTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 1-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 An activity involving the issuance to a person of a lease, permit, license, certificate, or other entitlement for use by one or more public agencies. CEQA Guidelines § 15002 lists the basic purposes of CEQA as follows: Inform governmental decision makers and the public about the potential, significant environmental effects of proposed activities. Identify the ways that environmental damage can be avoided or significantly reduced. Prevent significant, avoidable damage to the environment by requiring changes in projects through the use of alternatives or mitigation measures when the governmental agency finds the changes to be feasible. Disclose to the public the reasons why a governmental agency approved the project in the manner the agency chose if significant environmental effects are involved. 1.3.2 Authority to Mitigate under CEQA CEQA establishes a duty for public agencies to avoid or minimize environmental damage where feasible. Under CEQA Guidelines § 15041 a Lead Agency for a project has authority to require feasible changes in any or all activities involved in the project in order to substantially lessen or avoid significant effects on the environment, consistent with applicable constitutional requirements such as the “nexus”2 and “rough proportionality”3 standards. CEQA allows a Lead Agency to approve a project even though the project would cause a significant effect on the environment if the agency makes a fully informed and publicly disclosed decision that there is no feasible way to lessen or avoid the significant effect. In such cases, the Lead Agency must specifically identify expected benefits and other overriding considerations from the project that outweigh the policy of reducing or avoiding significant environmental impacts of the project. 1.4 Purpose of Initial Study The CEQA process begins with a public agency making a determination as to whether the project is subject to CEQA at all. If the project is exempt, the process does not need to proceed any farther. If the project is not exempt, the Lead Agency takes the second step and conducts an Initial Study to determine whether the project may have a significant effect on the environment. The purposes of an Initial Study as listed in § 15063(c) of the CEQA Guidelines are to: Provide the Lead Agency with information necessary to decide if an Environmental Impact Report (EIR), Negative Declaration (ND), or Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) should be prepared. Enable a Lead Agency to modify a project to mitigate adverse impacts before an EIR is prepared, thereby enabling the project to qualify for a ND or MND. Assist in the preparation of an EIR, if required, by focusing the EIR on adverse effects determined to be significant, identifying the adverse effects determined not to be significant, explaining the reasons for determining that potentially significant adverse 2 A nexus (i.e., connection) must be established between the mitigation measure and a legitimate governmental interest. 3 The mitigation measure must be “roughly proportional” to the impacts of the Project. SECTION 1.0 - INTRODUCTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 1-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 effects would not be significant, and identifying whether a program EIR, or other process, can be used to analyze adverse environmental effects of the project. Facilitate an environmental assessment early during project design. Provide documentation in the ND or MND that a project would not have a significant effect on the environment. Eliminate unnecessary EIRs. Determine if a previously prepared EIR could be used for the Project. In cases where no potentially significant impacts are identified, the Lead Agency may issue a ND, and no mitigation measures would be needed. Where potentially significant impacts are identified, the Lead Agency may determine that mitigation measures would adequately reduce these impacts to less than significant levels. The Lead Agency would then prepare an MND for the proposed project. If the Lead Agency determines that individual or cumulative effects of the proposed project would cause a significant adverse environmental effect that cannot be mitigated to less than significant levels, then the Lead Agency would require an EIR to further analyze these impacts. 1.5 Review and Comment by Other Agencies Other public agencies are provided the opportunity to review and comment on the IS/MND. Each of these agencies is described briefly below. A Responsible Agency (14 CCR § 15381) is a public agency, other than the Lead Agency, that has discretionary approval power over the Project, such as permit issuance or plan approval authority. A Trustee Agency4 (14 CCR § 15386) is a state agency having jurisdiction by law over natural resources affected by a project that are held in trust for the people of the State of California. Agencies with Jurisdiction by Law (14 CCR § 15366) are any public agencies who have authority (1) to grant a permit or other entitlement for use; (2) to provide funding for the project in question; or (3) to exercise authority over resources which may be affected by the project. Furthermore, a city or county will have jurisdiction by law with respect to a project when the city or county having primary jurisdiction over the area involved is: (1) the site of the project; (2) the area in which the major environmental effects will occur; and/or (3) the area in which reside those citizens most directly concerned by any such environmental effects. 1.6 Impact Terminology The following terminology is used to describe the level of significance of potential impacts: A finding of no impact is appropriate if the analysis concludes that the project would not affect the particular environmental threshold in any way. An impact is considered less than significant if the analysis concludes that the project would cause no substantial adverse change to the environment and requires no mitigation. 4 The four Trustee Agencies in California listed in CEQA Guidelines § 15386 are California Department of Fish and Wildlife, State Lands Commission, State Department of Parks and Recreation, and University of California. SECTION 1.0 - INTRODUCTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 1-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 An impact is considered less than significant with mitigation incorporated if the analysis concludes that the project would cause no substantial adverse change to the environment with the inclusion of environmental commitments, or other enforceable measures, that would be adopted by the lead agency. An impact is considered potentially significant if the analysis concludes that the project could have a substantial adverse effect on the environment. An EIR is required if an impact is identified as potentially significant. 1.7 Organization of Initial Study This IS/MND is organized to satisfy CEQA Guidelines § 15063(d), and includes the following sections: Section 1.0 - Introduction, which identifies the purpose and scope of the IS/MND. Section 2.0 - Environmental Setting, which describes location, existing site conditions, land uses, zoning designations, topography, and vegetation associated with the project site and surrounding area. Section 3.0 - Project Description, which provides an overview of the project, a description of the proposed development, project phasing during construction, and discretionary actions for the approval of the project. Section 4.0 - Environmental Checklist, which presents checklist responses for each resource topic to identify and assess impacts associated with the proposed project, and proposes mitigation measures, where needed, to render potential environmental impacts less than significant, where feasible. Section 5.0 - References, which includes a list of documents cited in the IS/MND. Section 6.0 - List of Preparers, which identifies the primary authors and technical experts that prepared the Initial Study. Section 7.0 – Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Program, which identifies the mitigation measures for the proposed project, the responsible/monitoring party, the monitoring action, enforcement agency, monitoring agency, and monitoring phase. Technical studies and other documents, which include supporting information or analyses used to prepare this IS/MND, are included in the following appendices: Appendix A Project Plans and Drawings Appendix B Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Study Appendix C Biological Resources Evaluation Appendix D Cultural Resources Records Search Appendix E Noise Study Appendix F VMT Assessment Appendix G Environmental Records Search Report Appendix H Screening Level Health Risk Assessment Appendix I Preliminary Water Quality Management Plan SECTION 1.0 - INTRODUCTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 1-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 1.8 Findings from the Initial Study 1.8.1 No Impact or Impacts Considered Less than Significant The project would have no impact or a less than significant impact on the following environmental categories listed from Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. Air Quality Agriculture and Forestry Resources Energy Greenhouse Gas Emissions Hydrology and Water Quality Land Use and Planning Mineral Resources Noise Population and Housing Public Services Recreation Utilities and Service Systems Wildfire 1.8.2 Impacts Considered Less than Significant with Mitigation Measures Based on IS findings, the project would have a less than significant impact on the following environmental categories listed in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines when proposed mitigation measures are implemented. Aesthetics Biological Resources Cultural Resources Geology and Soils Hazards and Hazardous Materials Transportation and Traffic Tribal Cultural Resources Mandatory Findings of Significance SECTION 2.0 - ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 2-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 2.1 Project Location The proposed project, Fontana Warehouse at Sierra Avenue and Summit Avenue, is located at Sierra Avenue and Summit Avenue in Fontana, California. The project site is on the north side of Summit Avenue, between Sierra Avenue and Mango Avenue.5 Refer to Figure 2.1-1, which shows the project’s regional location. The property is bordered by LGE Electronics to the north. See Figure 2.1-2, which shows the project’s location. 2.2 Project Setting The project site, approximately 4.49 acres, is comprised of assessor’s parcel number (APN) 0239-161-28. It is located in a general commercial area and is surrounded predominantly by light industrial uses. West of the project site is the Summit Rose Specific Plan. Residential uses are located southwest of the project site opposite Sierra Avenue. South of the project site are warehouses. Photographs of the project site are shown in Figure 2.2-1. 2.2.1 Land Use and Zoning The land use designation and zoning of the project site and surrounding areas are listed in Table 2.2-1. The General Plan designation and the zoning designation for the project site is General Commercial (C-G). Table 2.2-1 SUMMARY OF LAND USE AND ZONING Location General Plan Zoning Existing Use Project Site General Commercial (C-G)General Commercial (C-2)Vacant Surrounding Areas North (I-L) Light Industrial (I-L) Light Industrial Warehouse East (I-L) Light Industrial (I-L) Light Industrial Warehouse West Residential Planned Community (R-PC) Sierra Lakes and Summit at Rosena Specific Plans Single-Family Residential South (I-L) Light Industrial (I-L) Light Industrial Warehouse Source: City of Fontana Zoning Map, 2021. 5 Summit Avenue next to the south project site boundary is currently a paper street; segments of paved roadway extend west from Sierra Avenue and east from Mango Avenue. SECTION 2.0 - ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 2-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 2.1-1 REGIONAL LOCATION SECTION 2.0 - ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 2-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 2.1-2 PROJECT LOCATION SECTION 2.0 - ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 2-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 2.2-2 PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS SECTION 2.0 – ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 2-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 2.3 Existing Characteristics of the Site 2.3.1 Climate and Air Quality The City of Fontana is characterized by a semi-arid Mediterranean climate that is the result of its location in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). (Stantec, 2018b p. 5.2-1). The SCAB is a 6,600-square-mile area that is usually quite moist near the land surface due to the influence of the marine layer. Other factors that influence the area’s climate and meteorology are the terrain and altitude. Fontana is positioned approximately 1,700 feet above mean sea level (AMSL) in its northern half and 1,000 feet AMSL in its southern half. Due to the City being in a valley, heavy early morning fog and low stratus clouds are often persistent. Yearly climate patterns are characterized by warm summers, mild winters, low levels of precipitation, and moderate humidity. Air quality in Fontana generally fluctuates without a consistent seasonal pattern. Neighboring, high-polluting coastal cities largely influence the air quality in the city, and that, coupled with the climate, traps air pollution in the valley. The SCAB is bounded by the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains that trap air pollution at their bases. The SCAB fails to meet national ambient air quality standards for ozone and fine particulate matter, and is classified as a “nonattainment area” for those pollutants (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.2-10). 2.3.2 Geology and Soils The City of Fontana generally lies at the northwest margin of the Peninsular Ranges Geomorphic Province of Southern California, which is characterized by northwest-southeast trending faults, folds, and mountain ranges. Much of the Fontana region is underlain by loose soils such as sand and silt (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.5- 1). Although there are no major active faults within the City boundaries, there are a number of faults that border the Lytle Creek alluvial basin, including the Chino, Cucamonga, San Andreas, and San Jacinto faults (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.5-3). Soils in the area are characteristic of the Southern California interior alluvial basins and consist of alluvial deposits and floodplain soils. The City is underlain by alluvial deposits of the Lytle Creek alluvial fan (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.5-4). 2.3.3 Hydrology The project site is currently undeveloped; water sheet flows across the site to the adjacent streets. As detailed in the City of Fontana General Plan Update 2015-2035 Draft Environmental Impact Report, the City is located within the lower Lytle Creek watershed, which forms the northwest portion of the Santa Ana River Watershed. This watershed drains the eastern portion of the San Gabriel Mountains. The lower portion of Lytle Creek flows through the cities of Fontana, Rialto, San Bernardino, and Colton, as well as a portion of the unincorporated area of San Bernardino County. The upper reaches of Lytle Creek are generally perennial; the lower section of Lytle Creek changes into an intermittent stream with a dry wash south of Interstate 15 (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.8-1). 2.3.4 Biology The project site is located in an urbanized area, which provides low habitat value for special-status plant and wildlife species. The existing vegetation is ruderal land. A detailed description of existing SECTION 2.0 – ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 2-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 environmental setting for the project site and the surrounding area is provided in Section 4.4 of this Initial Study. 2.3.5 Public Services The City is served by a full range of public services and utilities. Fire prevention, fire protection and emergency medical service (EMS) for the city of Fontana are provided by the Fontana Fire Protection Department (FFPD) through a contract with the San Bernardino County Fire Department. The City of Fontana Police Department (FPD) provides services in the project area. Recreational services within the city of Fontana are provided by the City’s Department of Facilities and Parks, which maintains over 40 parks, sports facilities, and community centers. Library services within the city are provided by the San Bernardino County Library System, which has a total of 32 branch libraries. Within the city of Fontana, there are three libraries, including Fontana Lewis Library and Technology Center, the Summit Branch Library and the Kaiser Branch Library (City of Fontana, 2020h). 2.3.6 Utilities The project site lies within the service area of the West Valley Water District (WVWD). WVWD receives its imported water from northern California via the California State Water Project (SWP) and local groundwater from the Chino Groundwater Subbasin (SBVRUWMP, 2015, p. 2-1 and 2-15). Regional wastewater treatment services are provided under the Regional Sewer Service Contract in which seven agencies—including the City of Fontana— contract with the Inland Empire Utilities Agency (IEUA). Wastewater generated by the project would be treated at the Regional Water Recycling Plant #1 (IEUA, 2020). Solid waste disposal services for Fontana are provided by Burrtec Waste Industries, under franchise agreement with the City. Burrtec also operates the City’s curbside recycling (including greenwaste recycling) program. Electrical service to the site is provided by Southern California Edison through a grid of transmission lines and related facilities. Natural gas is provided by the Southern California Gas Company, which maintains a local system of transmission lines, distribution lines and supply regulation stations (City of Fontana, 2020b). Sewer service for the project site is provided by the City of Fontana (City of Fontana, 2020b). Both the City and the San Bernardino County Flood Control District provide flood control facilities for Fontana. The Flood Control District agency is responsible for the construction of dams, containment basins, channels and storm drains to intercept and convey flood flows through and away from developed areas. The City implements construction and maintenance of local storm drains that feed into the County’s area-wide system (Stantec, 2018a, p. 10-3). SECTION 3.0 - PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Project Background The City of Fontana (City) is processing a request to implement a series of discretionary actions that would ultimately allow for the construction of a warehouse on a 4.49-acre site (APN 0239-161-28). The site for the proposed project is located at the northeast corner of Summit Avenue and Sierra Avenue intersection, in the City of Fontana. The project application includes Master Case No. (MCN) 21-040, Design Review Project (DRP) No. 21-014 for site and architectural review of a 102,380-square-foot warehouse. The project would also need grading and construction permits for onsite development. The city is the Lead Agency for the purposes of CEQA. The entire 4.49-acre project site is currently undeveloped land. The project site is located in an urban and developed portion of the city with industrial land uses to the north, south, and east, and residential land uses to the west. The project site has a General Plan land use designation of General Commercial (C-G) and a zoning designation of General Commercial (C-2) (City of Fontana, 2021a; City of Fontana 2021b). The proposed project would require a General Plan land use and zoning amendment to change the project site’s land use designation to Light Industrial (I-L) and the zoning designation to Light Industrial (M-1). Light industrial land uses are intended to encourage employee-intensive uses, including business parks, research and development, technology centers, corporate and support office uses, cleaning industries, supporting retail uses, truck and equipment sales and related services. Warehouses that are designed in ways that limit offsite impacts are also permitted (Stantec, 2018a, p. 15.25 - 5.26). Further discussion in regard to the General Plan land use and zoning amendments and how the proposed project would adhere to the city’s land use and zoning regulations will be further analyzed in Section 4.11. 3.2 Project Overview The proposed project consists of the development of an approximately 102,380-square-foot warehouse on an approximately 4.49-acre site. 3.2.1 New Construction The proposed project would construct a 102,380-square-foot warehouse, which would include a 5,000- square-foot office, a 5,000-square-foot office mezzanine and 92,380 square feet of warehouse space. The warehouse would have 11 dock doors, 3 trailer stalls, and 53 automobile parking stalls that would be comprised of three ADA parking stalls and 50 regular parking stalls. Figure 3.2-1 depicts the proposed project site plan. A complete set of project drawings including site plan, floor plans, elevations, and conceptual grading plan is included in Appendix A to this IS/MND. The building would be built to a maximum height of 39 feet. As shown in Figure 3.2-2, the proposed building would have primarily tilt-up concrete walls with glass panes for the office areas. Figures 3.2-3 and 3.2-4 depict additional drawings showing conceptual building elevations and material board, respectively. SECTION 3.0 - PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Energy-efficient features, including insulated and glazed windows and low E coating on windows, would be incorporated into building design to comply with the provisions of the California Green Building Code, Title 24, Part 11 of the California Code of Regulations. Title 24, Part 11 requires new structures to incorporate a variety of mandatory features to promote green buildings as means to improve energy efficiency, reduce water demand, promote recycling, and other measures. The project would be designed and constructed in compliance with applicable City codes, including, but not limited to, the 2019 California Building Code, California Plumbing Code, California Mechanical Code, California Electrical Code, California Building Energy Efficiency Standards, and California Residential Codes. SECTION 3.0 - PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-9 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 3.2-1 PROPOSED SITE PLAN SECTION 3.0 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-10 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 3.2-2 CONCEPTUAL RENDERING OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT SECTION 3.0 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-11 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 3.2-3 PROPOSED BUILDING ELEVATIONS SECTION 3.0 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-12 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 3.2-4 MATERIAL BOARD SECTION 3.0 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-13 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 3.2.2 Project Operations At the time this Initial Study was prepared, the future tenant(s) of the proposed building were unknown. For the purpose of environmental analysis, the future uses onsite are assumed to be any of those uses permitted by the City of Fontana’s General Plan land use designation of Light Industrial (I-L), and the City’s zoning designation of Light Industrial (M-1). Since the future tenant(s) are not yet known, the number of jobs generated by the proposed project is also unknown. Therefore, for the purpose of environmental analysis in this Initial Study, employment is estimated by using average employment density factors reported by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), in its publication “Employment Density Study Report,” (SCAG, 2001). This document states that for every acre of light industrial land use in San Bernardino County, the median number of jobs supported is 6.92 (SCAG, 2001, Table 8B). Therefore, the proposed project site’s 4.49 acres are expected to result in approximately 32 jobs for the operational phase of the project. 3.2.3 Site Access, Circulation and Parking Primary site ingress and egress would be provided by a 30-foot-wide driveway along the northwestern edge of the project site along Sierra Avenue. The proposed project would include 11 dock doors and three trailer stalls in compliance with the City’s requirements. There would be 53 automobile parking stalls that would consist of three ADA stalls and 50 regular parking stalls in the northern portion of the project site. Circulation within the site would be along the 26-foot-wide fire lane inside the northern and southern perimeters of the project site, and a 30-foot-wide fire lane inside the eastern perimeter. 3.2.4 Exterior Lighting Lighting for the project would comply with the requirements of the City’s Municipal Code. Specifically, the project would be required to comply with City of Fontana Municipal Code § 30-508, Lighting and Glare, which states, “all lights shall be directed and/or shielded to prevent the light from adversely affecting adjacent residential or commercial properties. No structure or feature shall be permitted which creates adverse glare effects.” The proposed project would include installation of exterior lighting fixtures, as necessary, for safety and security. LED exterior fixtures would be mounted on the wall of the building. Latest LED lighting fixtures with photosensors and motion sensors would be provided. Cut off shield would be provided as necessary to prevent light spillage beyond the project boundary. Parking lot lighting would also utilize LED technology. Photometric analysis would be conducted to ensure that the exterior lighting provided on site meets the minimum lighting levels required. 3.2.5 Landscaping No trees are currently located within the boundary of the project site. New landscaping would include drought-resistant species including trees, tall shrubs, low shrubs and groundcovers. Additionally, water saving features including smart irrigation with drip system would also be installed on site. The majority of landscaping would occur along the perimeter of the project site, with a small number of trees, low shrubs, and groundcover located near the building entrance and around the building perimeter. The quantity, type, and purpose of trees, shrubs, and ground cover are summarized in SECTION 3.0 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-14 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table 3.2-1. The conceptual landscaping plan for the project is provided in Appendix A to this IS/MND. Table 3.2-1 LANDSCAPE PLANTINGS Common Name Scientific Name Size Trees Chitalpa Chitalpa tashkentensis 24-inch box Desert Willow Chilopsis linearis 24-inch box Afghan Pine Pinus eldarica 24-inch box African Sumac Rhus Iancea 36-inch box Brisbane Box Tristania conferta 15 gallon Shrubs Bear's Breech Acanthus mollis 5 gallon Pineapple Gauva Acca sellowiana 5 gallon Japanese Boxwood Buxus j. Green Beauty'5 gallon Dwarf Bottle Brush Callistemon 'Little John'5 gallon Natal Plum Carissa macrocarpa 'Tuttle'5 gallon Sunset Pink Rockrose Cistus 'Sunset Pink'5 gallon Dwarf Dianella Dianella 'Little Rev'5 gallon Dianella Dianella tasmanica 5 gallon Fortnight Lily Dietes bicolor 5 gallon Hopseed Bush Dodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea'5 gallon Silverberry Elaeagnus pungens 5 gallon Texas Privet Ligustrum j. Texanum 5 gallon Variegated Mock Orange Pittosporum tobira 'Variegata'5 gallon Wheeler's Dwarf Pittosporum t. 'Wheeleri'5 gallon Indian Hawthorn Rhaphiolepis i. 'Clara'5 gallon Indian Hawthorn Rhaphiolepis i. 'Springtime'5 gallon Rosemary Rosmarinus o. 'Tuscan Blue'5 gallon Autumn Sage Salvia greggii 5 gallon Mexican Sage Salvia leucantha 5 gallon Coast Rosemary Westringia fruticosa 5 gallon Shiny Xylosma Xylosma congestum 5 gallon Accents Blue Flame Agave Agave ‘Blue Flame’5 gallon Blue Glow Agave Agave ‘Blue Glow’5 gallon Agave Agave Victoria-reginae 5 gallon Soap Aloe Aloe maculata 5 gallon Stone Aloe Aloe petricola 5 gallon Coral Aloe Aloe striata 5 gallon Desert Spoon Dasylerion wheeleri 5 gallon Ruffles Echeveria Echeveria ‘Ruffles’5 gallon Red Yucca Hesperaloe parviflora 5 gallon Yellow Lantana Lantana ‘Gold Mound’5 gallon Groundcover Dwarf Acacia Acacia redolens 'Low Boy'1 gallon Dwarf Coyote Bush Baccharis p. 'Pigeon Point'1 gallon Yellow Day Lily Hemerocallis hybridus-Yellow 1 gallon Big Blue Lily Turf Liriope gigantea 1 gallon Hall's Honeysuckle Lonicera j. 'Halliana'1 gallon SECTION 3.0 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-15 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Common Name Scientific Name Size Pink Muhly Muhlenbergia capillaris 1 gallon Myoporum Myoporum parvifolium 1 gallon Oriental Fountain Grass Pennisetum orientale 1 gallon Red Flower Carpet Rose Rosa 'Flower Carpet' -Red 1 gallon Prostrate Rosemary Rosmarinus o. 'Huntington Carpet'1 gallon Moor Grass Sesleria autumnalis 1 gallon Star Jasmine Trachelopspermum jasminiodes 1 gallon Society Garlic Tulbaghia violacea 1 gallon Source: Hunter Landscape, Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project, Landscape Plan dated January 27, 2021. 3.2.6 Perimeter Fencing and Exterior Walls The proposed project would construct a 14-foot-tall concrete tilt-up screen wall with decorative pilasters and a 10-foot-tall wrought iron fence that would surround the project site. An eight-foot-tall tube steel manually operated gate with a Knox-pad lock would be located at the northwestern driveway entrance, and a swing gate would be installed in the northeastern portion of the project site to enter the truck parking area and docks. Utilities: To the maximum extent possible, utility connections would be provided from the closest/most efficient locations for the proposed building. Sanitary Sewer: The project proposes offsite sewer improvements to connect the sewer lines from the project site to the existing sewer network in Sierra Avenue. All sewer line sizes and connections are subject to review by the City. The project applicant will work with the City’s Public Works Department for necessary approvals and ensure compliance with applicable requirements. Domestic Water: New water meters would be installed as required to meet the demands calculated by the plumber for the project and in compliance with the requirements of the City’s Public Works Department. The project would extend existing water mainline from Summit Avenue to the southern edge of the site. Water would be provided by the West Valley Water District. Dry Utilities: Natural gas service would be provided to the project site by the Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas), electricity would be provided by Southern California Edison Company (SCE), and solid waste disposal would be provided by Burrtec (City of Fontana Utilities, 2021). Stormwater: The natural terrain of this site drains in a southerly direction at a slope of 0.5%. There is an existing master plan storm drain line in Summit Avenue. The project proposes construction of two new catch basins and extension of the existing storm drain near the southwestern corner of the project site. Onsite surface flows will discharge into this network of catch basins and storm drain systems before entering the main storm drain line in Summit Avenue. SECTION 3.0 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-16 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 3.3 Construction Activities 3.3.1 Onsite Construction Construction activities would include earthwork, rebar, structural steel, concrete slab, concrete panels, truss placement, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, glazing, roofing, landscaping, hardscape consisting of asphalt concrete, fencing, associated site utilities, site drainage, and any associated offsite work that may be required. There would be one phase of construction. Once earthwork commences, all of the various phases of construction would follow in sequence. For safety reasons, temporary barricades would be used to limit access to the site during project construction. Safe access for construction workers would be maintained throughout construction. The type of construction equipment utilized during construction is anticipated to include: Tractors, loaders, backhoes, dozers, excavators, skip loaders, scrapers, concrete trucks, concrete pumps, concrete vibrators, laser screeds, and dump trucks for site preparation and rough grading. Cranes, forklifts, backhoes, skip loaders, trucking, compacting equipment, manlifts, welders, paving-skip loaders, grading equipment, trucking and rollers for building construction. Skip loaders, backhoes, trenchers and trucking for utility improvements. Bobcats, air compressors, forklifts, and delivery trucks for landscaping and irrigation. Construction staging areas would be provided within the boundaries of the project site. Construction workers would park vehicles onsite and construction trucks and equipment would also be parked and stored onsite. 3.3.2 Offsite Improvements The project would include the following offsite improvements: One driveway along Sierra Avenue would be constructed to service the project. Utility improvements will include both wet and dry; domestic and fire water, stormwater, sewer, electrical, gas, cable tv, communication, and possibly more. Construction of one new catch basin and extension of the existing storm drain in Summit Avenue, near the southwestern corner of the project site. 3.3.3 Construction Schedule For the purpose of environmental analysis in this Initial Study, it is anticipated that project construction would begin around July 2022 and would last approximately six to eight months, ending around February 2023. 3.4 Standard Requirements and Conditions of Approval The proposed project would be reviewed in detail by applicable City of Fontana departments and divisions that have the responsibility to review land use application compliance with City codes and regulations. City staff is also responsible for reviewing this IS/MND to ensure that it is technically accurate and is in full compliance with CEQA. The departments and divisions at the City of Fontana responsible for technical review include: SECTION 3.0 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 3-17 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 City of Fontana Planning Department. City of Fontana Public Works Department. City of Fontana Fire Protection District. City of Fontana Engineering Department. 3.5 Discretionary and Ministerial Approvals In order for the proposed project to be implemented, the project applicant would require Planning Commission recommendation and City Council approval of an amendment to the project site’s General Plan land use and zoning designation approval of Design Review No. 21-014. Table 3.5-1 identifies the ministerial permits and approvals required from either the City, other public agencies and/or quasi-public agencies (utilities) subsequent to the approval of the aforementioned Design Review. Table 3.5-1 MINISTERIAL PERMITS AND APPROVALS Agency Permit or Approval City of Fontana Building & Safety Division Site Plan review and approval, and Building Permits. Fontana Fire Protection District Building plan check and approval. Review for compliance with the 2019 California Fire Code, 2019 California Building Code, California Health & Safety Code and Fontana Municipal Code. Plans for fire detection and alarm systems, and automatic sprinklers. Fontana Public Works Department Approval for proposed offsite utility improvements. West San Bernardino County Water District Letter of authorization/consent for proposed improvements to provide water supply connection to new development. Southern California Gas Company Letter of authorization/consent for proposed improvements to provide natural gas connection to new development. Southern California Edison (SCE) Company Letter of authorization/consent for proposed improvements to provide electrical connection to new development. SECTION 4.0 – ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST Environmental Factors Potentially Affected The checked topics below indicate that a “Potentially Significant Impact” or a “Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Required” are likely with project implementation. In the following pages, these impacts will be identified. Aesthetics Agricultural and Forest Resources Air Quality Biological Resources Cultural Resources Energy Geology / Soils Greenhouse Gas Emissions Hazards & Hazardous Materials Hydrology / Water Quality Land Use / Planning Mineral Resources Noise Population / Housing Public Services Recreation Transportation Tribal Cultural Resources Utilities/Service Systems Wildfire Mandatory Findings of Significance Determination (To Be Completed by the Lead Agency) On the basis of this initial evaluation: ☐ I find that the proposed project COULD NOT have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. ☒ I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the project proponent. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. ☐ I find that the proposed project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required. ☐ I find that the proposed project MAY have a “potentially significant impact” or “potentially significant unless mitigated” impact on the environment, but at least one effect (1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and (2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets. An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed. ☐ I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, because all potentially significant effects (a) have been analyzed adequately in an earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION pursuant to applicable standards, and (b) have been avoided or mitigated pursuant to that earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION, including revisions or mitigation measures that are imposed upon the proposed project, nothing further is required. Signature Date Rina Leung, Senior Planner Printed Name City of Fontana SECTION 4.0 – ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Evaluation of Environmental Impacts (1)A brief explanation is required for all answers except “No Impact” answers that are adequately supported by the information sources a lead agency cites in the parentheses following each question. A “No Impact” answer is adequately supported if the referenced information sources show that the impact simply does not apply to projects like the one involved (e.g., the project falls outside a fault rupture zone). A “No Impact” answer should be explained where it is based on project-specific factors, as well as general standards (e.g., the project would not expose sensitive receptors to pollutants, based on a project-specific screening analysis). (2)All answers must take into account the whole action involved, including offsite as well as onsite, cumulative as well as project-level, indirect as well as direct, and construction as well as operational impacts. (3)Once the lead agency has determined that a particular physical impact may occur then the checklist answers must indicate whether the impact is potentially significant, less than significant with mitigation, or less than significant. “Potentially Significant Impact” is appropriate if there is substantial evidence that an effect may be significant. If there are one or more “Potentially Significant Impact” entries when the determination is made, an EIR is required. (4)“Negative Declaration: Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated” applies where the incorporation of mitigation measures has reduced an effect from “Potentially Significant Impact” to a “Less than Significant Impact.” The lead agency must describe the mitigation measures and briefly explain how they reduce the effect to less than significant level. (5)Earlier analyses may be use where, pursuant to the tiering, Program EIR, or other CEQA process, an affect has been adequately analyzed in an earlier EIR or negative declaration. (See Section 15063(c)(3)(D) of the CEQA Guidelines. In this case, a brief discussion should identify the following: (a)Earlier Analyses Used. Identify and state where the earlier analysis available for review. (b)Impacts Adequately Addressed. Identify which effects from the above checklist were within the scope of and adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and state whether such effects were addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis. (c)Mitigation Measures. For effects that are “Less than Significant with Mitigation Measures Incorporated,” describe the mitigation measures that were incorporated or refined from the earlier document and the extent to which they address site-specific conditions for the project. (6)Lead agencies are encouraged to incorporate into the checklist references to information sources for potential impacts (e.g., general plans, zoning ordinances). Reference to a previously prepared or outside document should, where appropriate, include a reference to the page or pages where the statement is substantiated. A source list should be attached and other sources used or individuals contacted should be cited in the discussion. SECTION 4.0 – ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 (7)Supporting Information Sources: A source list should be attached, and other sources used or individuals contacted should be cited in the discussion. (8)This is only a suggested form, and lead agencies are free to use different formats; however, lead agencies should normally address the questions from this checklist that are relevant to a project’s environmental effects in whatever format is selected. (9)The explanation of each issue should identify: (a)The significance criteria or threshold, if any, used to evaluate each question; and (b)The mitigation measure identified, if any, to reduce the impact to less than significant. SECTION 4.1 - AESTHETICS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.1-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.1 Aesthetics Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section 21099, would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista?X b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway? X c) In non-urbanized areas, substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality? X d) Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? X A “visual environment” includes the built environment (development patterns, buildings, parking areas, and circulation elements) and natural environment features such as hills, vegetation, rock outcroppings, streams, and soils. Views are characterized by visual quality, viewer groups and sensitivity, duration, and visual resources. Visual quality refers to the general aesthetic quality of a view, such as vividness, intactness, and unity. Viewer groups identify who is most likely to experience the view. High-sensitivity land uses include residences, schools, playgrounds, religious institutions, and passive outdoor spaces such as parks, playgrounds, and recreation areas. Duration of a view is the amount of time that a particular view can be seen by a specific viewer group. Visual resources refer to unique views, and views identified in local plans, from scenic highways, or of specific unique structures or landscape features. SECTION 4.1 - AESTHETICS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.1-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 a)Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section 21099 would the project have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? Less than Significant Impact Scenic vistas generally include extensive panoramic views of natural features, unusual terrain, or unique urban or historic features, for which the field of view can be wide and extend into the distance, and focal views that focus on a particular object, scene or feature of interest. The project site is located in an area of Fontana that is characterized by flat topography and urban development. The City of Fontana is located on a valley floor between the San Gabriel Mountains to the north and the Jurupa Hills to the south, which both serve as scenic vistas near the project site (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.1-1). The project site is currently vacant land. The project site is adjacent to industrial land uses to the north, south, and east, and residential land uses to the west. The proposed warehouse building, 39 feet high and with concrete walls and blue glass windows, would be consistent with the general character of the surrounding neighborhood in terms of architectural style, density, height, bulk, and setback. However, views of the Jurupa and San Gabriel Mountains would not be significantly impacted because the intervening buildings and trees surrounding the project site that partially block views of the mountains. The proposed development would not obstruct views of distant mountains and hills for motorists traveling along nearby roadways. Therefore, the project would have less than significant impact on scenic vistas. b)Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section 21099, would the project substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway? No Impact The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) provides information regarding officially designated or eligible state scenic highways, designated as part of the California Scenic Highway Program. According to Caltrans, there are no officially designated scenic highways within or adjacent to the project area, and no roadways near the project site are currently eligible for scenic highway designation (Caltrans, 2021), as shown in Figure 4.1-1, Scenic Highways. The closest official state scenic highway, State Route 2 (SR-2), is approximately 19.5 miles northwest of the project site. Therefore, due to the distance between the project site and nearest state scenic highway, the project would have no impacts on trees, rock outcroppings and historic buildings within a state scenic highway. SECTION 4.1 - AESTHETICS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.1-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.1-1 SCENIC HIGHWAYS SECTION 4.1 - AESTHETICS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.1-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 c)Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section 21099, would the project in non-urbanized areas, substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality? Less than Significant Impact The project site is located in an urban setting characterized by industrial and residential land uses. The project includes applications for a General Plan Amendment changing the General Plan land use designation onsite from C-G (General Commercial) to I-L (Light Industrial), and a zone change from General Commercial (C-2) to Light Industrial (M-1). Table 4.1-1 below provides the applicable policies from the City of Fontana General Plan that pertain to aesthetics, along with a description of how the proposed project would comply. Table 4.1-1 PROJECT COMPLIANCE WITH CITY OF FONTANA GENERAL PLAN POLICIES REGARDING SCENIC QUALITY AND AESTHETICS General Plan Element Project Compliance Conservation, Open Space, Parks and Trails Element. Goal 3: Fontana has a healthy, drought-resistant urban forest. Policies: Support tree conservation and planting that enhances shade and drought resistance. Expand Fontana’s tree canopy. The proposed project would be developed on vacant land that does not have any trees. The proposed project would install drought-resistant trees and would expand the city’s tree canopy compared to existing conditions. Therefore, the proposed project would not conflict with this policy. Land Use Element. Goal 7: Public and private development meets high design standards. Policies: Support high-quality development in design standards and in land use decisions. The proposed project would construct a high-quality development with tilt-up concrete walls, blue glazed glass and ornamental landscaping that would complement the surrounding industrial land uses. Therefore, the proposed project would not conflict with this policy. Source: Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.1-8 and 5.1-14 As analyzed above, the proposed project would adhere to applicable aesthetic and scenic quality regulations and policies mandated by the City of Fontana General Plan. Currently the project site is vacant and views from surrounding developments include views of residential neighborhoods and industrial developments. The proposed project would add a well-designed aesthetically pleasing building and landscaping on the site and therefore have a positive effect on the visual character of the site when compared to existing conditions. Additionally, the proposed project would adhere to Article VII, Industrial Zoning Districts, in the city’s Municipal Code, which would ensure that building SECTION 4.1 - AESTHETICS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.1-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 height, setbacks, building design, parking stalls and screening would be within required levels (City of Fontana Municipal Code, 2021). Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. d)Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section 21099, would the project create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? Less Than Significant Impact The project site is located in an urban area, which is characterized by low to medium nighttime ambient light levels. Street lights, traffic on local streets and exterior lighting in nearby developments are the primary sources of ambient light near the project site. The project is generally surrounded by industrial and residential developments (Google Earth Pro, 2021). The project proposes new exterior lighting throughout the site, including parking lot lighting. Installation of exterior building lighting, as well as proposed parking lot lighting would be necessary for safety and nighttime visibility throughout the project site. The new project lighting would be visible from the surrounding area. Therefore, the project’s proposed exterior lighting is expected to contribute to ambient nighttime lighting in the project vicinity. However, the proposed project would comply with the City of Fontana Municipal Code § 30-260, Lighting and Glare, which states, “all lights shall be directed and/or shielded to prevent the light from adversely affecting adjacent residential or commercial properties. No structure or feature shall be permitted which creates adverse glare effects” (City of Fontana Municipal Code, 2021). Additionally, the building would include tilt-up concrete walls with different shades of gray and white, blue glazed glass, and a concrete wall a metal gate that would perimeter the project site. None of the materials proposed would have a mirror finish or would be highly reflective. Refer to Appendix A of this document, which provides the proposed project plans. As the future tenants and the hours of operation for the project are currently unknown, therefore, mitigation measure AES-1 including requirement of a lighting study including photometric analysis would be implemented to ensure that the new lighting on site meets the minimum lighting levels required and proposed lighting levels have no impacts related to light and glare on the surrounding developments. Implementation of mitigation measure AES-1 and adherence to applicable City Municipal Codes would ensure that new sources of light or glare would not adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area. Therefore, impacts from a new source of substantial light or glare would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures AES-1: Prior to the issuance of any building permits, the applicant shall submit lighting plans and specifications for all exterior lighting fixtures and light standards to the City of Fontana Planning and Building Department for review and approval. The plans shall include a photometric design study demonstrating that all outdoor light fixtures to be installed are designed or located in a manner as to contain the direct rays from the lights on-site and to minimize spillover of light onto surrounding properties or roadways. All night lighting installed on the project site shall be shielded, directed away from surrounding properties and confined to the project site. All parking lot and roof top lighting shall be shielded and primarily located and directed so as to provide adequate security. SECTION 4.2 – AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.2-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.2 Agriculture and Forestry Resources Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use? X b)Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract? X c)Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code § 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Codes § 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code § 51104(g))? X d)Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? X e)Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to non- agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? X a)Would the project convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use? No Impact The Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency (FMMP) was established in 1982 by the California Department of Conservation (DOC) in order to identify critical agricultural farmlands and track if and how the lands are converted and used for other things. The proposed project is located in an area that FMMP deemed as “Urban and Built-up Land”, which means it is land that has a building density of at least one building to 1.5 acres of land and is primarily used for residential, industrial, commercial, construction, or other non-agricultural business (DOC, 2016). Refer to Figure 4.2-1. Therefore, the project would not convert farmland for non-agricultural use. No impacts would occur. SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.2-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.2-1 IMPORTANT FARMLAND SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.2-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 b)Would the project conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract? No Impact The Williamson Act, also known as the California Conservation Act of 1956, allows local governments to work with private landowners by negotiating an agreement to tax these landowners at lower rates if they restrict specific pieces of land to agricultural or open space use. According to San Bernardino County’s Williamson Act Contract Map, the proposed project is shown as being on land identified as “Urban and Built-Up Land” and does not contain any land under the jurisdiction of the Williamson Act (Department of Conservation, 2020a). The City of Fontana’s General Plan for 2015-2030 identifies the proposed project area as “C-G,” which means it is for General Commercial uses (City of Fontana, 2019a). Currently, no agricultural operations are in the vicinity of the site (Google Earth Pro, 2020). Therefore, the project would not conflict with existing zoning for agriculture uses or any Williamson Act contracts. No impacts would occur. c)Would the project conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code § 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Codes § 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code § 51104(g))? No Impact The project site is located on land where there is no zoning for forest land, timberland, or timberland production. Therefore, the project would not conflict with zoning for forest land or timberland, and no impact would occur. d)Would the project result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? No Impact The project site is not zoned for forest land, timberland, timberland production or cultivated for forest resources. Therefore, the project would not cause the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use, and no impact would occur. e)Would the project involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? No Impact The project site and surrounding properties are not currently used for agriculture and is developed in a highly urbanized setting. The project site areas to the north, south, east and west are also located on land designated as “Urban and Built-up Land”. Development on the project site would not result in changes to the environment, due to its location or nature, which could result in the conversion of farmland to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use. Therefore, no impacts would occur. SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.3 Air Quality Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan?X b)Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non- attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? X c)Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations?X d)Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors adversely affecting a substantial number of people? X 4.3.1 Pollutants of Concern Criteria pollutants are air pollutants for which acceptable levels of exposure can be determined and ambient air quality standards have been established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and/or the California Air Resources Board (ARB). The criteria air pollutants of concern are nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), lead (Pb), and ozone (O3), and their precursors, such as reactive organic gases (ROG), which are ozone precursors. Since the proposed project would not generate appreciable SO2 or Pb emissions,6 it is not necessary for the analysis to include those two pollutants. Presented below is a description of the air pollutants of concern and their known health effects. Nitrogen oxides (NOX) serve as integral participants in the process of photochemical smog production and are precursors for certain particulate compounds that are formed in the atmosphere. The two major forms of NOx are nitric oxide (NO) and NO2. NO is a colorless, odorless gas formed from atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen when combustion takes place under high temperature and/or high pressure. NO2 is a reddish- brown pungent gas formed by the combination of NO and oxygen. NO2 is an acute respiratory irritant and eye irritant and increases susceptibility to respiratory pathogens. A third form of NOX, nitrous oxide (N2O), is a greenhouse gas (GHG) (USEPA, 2011). Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless non-reactive pollutant produced by incomplete combustion of carbon substances (e.g., gasoline or diesel fuel). The primary adverse health effect associated with CO is its binding with hemoglobin in red blood cells, which decreases the ability of these cells to transport oxygen throughout the body. Prolonged exposure can cause headaches, drowsiness, or loss of equilibrium; high concentrations are lethal (USEPA, 2010). 6 Sulfur dioxide emissions will be below 0.041 pound per day during construction and operations. SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Particulate matter (PM) consists of finely divided solids or liquids, such as soot, dust, aerosols, fumes, and mists. Two forms of fine particulate matter are now regulated. Respirable particles, or PM10, include that portion of the particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers (i.e., 10 one- millionths of a meter or 0.0004 inch) or less. Fine particles, or PM2.5, have an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers (i.e., 2.5 one-millionths of a meter or 0.0001 inch) or less. Particulate discharge into the atmosphere results primarily from industrial, agricultural, construction, and transportation activities. However, wind action on the arid landscape also contributes substantially to the local particulate loading. Fossil fuel combustion accounts for a sizable portion of PM2.5. In addition, particulate matter forms in the atmosphere through reactions of NOX and other compounds (such as ammonia) to form inorganic nitrates and sulfates. Both PM10 and PM2.5 may adversely affect the human respiratory system, especially in those people who are naturally sensitive or susceptible to breathing problems (USEPA, 2019). Reactive organic gases (ROG) are compounds comprised primarily of atoms of hydrogen and carbon that have high photochemical reactivity. The major source of ROG is the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines. Other sources of ROG include the evaporative emissions associated with the use of paints and solvents, the application of asphalt paving and the use of household consumer products. Some ROG species are listed toxic air contaminants, which have been shown to cause adverse health effects; however, most adverse effects on human health are not caused directly by ROG, but rather by reactions of ROG to form other criteria pollutants such as ozone. ROG are also transformed into organic aerosols in the atmosphere, contributing to higher levels of fine particulate matter and lower visibility. The term “ROG” is used by the ARB for air quality analysis and is defined essentially the same as the federal term “volatile organic compound” (VOC).7 Ozone (O3) is a secondary pollutant produced through a series of photochemical reactions involving ROG and NOX. Ozone creation requires ROG and NOx to be available for approximately three hours in a stable atmosphere with strong sunlight. Because of the long reaction time, peak ozone concentrations frequently occur downwind of the sites where the precursor pollutants are emitted. Thus, O3 is considered a regional, rather than a local, pollutant. The health effects of O3 include eye and respiratory irritation, reduction of resistance to lung infection and possible aggravation of pulmonary conditions in persons with lung disease. Ozone is also damaging to vegetation and untreated rubber (USEPA, 2020a). 4.3.2 Climate/Meteorology The project site is located wholly within the South Coast Air Basin SCAB, which includes all of Orange County, as well as the non-desert portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. The distinctive climate of the SCAB is determined by its terrain and geographical location. The SCAB is in a coastal plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills, bounded by the Pacific Ocean in the southwest quadrant with high mountains forming the remainder of the perimeter. The general region lies in the semi- permanent high-pressure zone of the eastern Pacific. Thus, the climate is mild, tempered by cool sea breezes. This usually mild climatological pattern is interrupted infrequently by periods of extremely hot weather, winter storms, or Santa Ana winds (SCAQMD, 1993). The annual average temperature varies little throughout the 6,600-square-mile SCAB, ranging from the low 60s to the high 80s. However, with a less pronounced oceanic influence, the inland portion 7 Emissions of organic gases are typically reported only as aggregate organics, either as VOC or as ROG. These terms are meant to reflect what specific compounds have been included or excluded from the aggregate estimate. Although EPA defines VOC to exclude both methane and ethane, and the ARB defines ROG to exclude only methane, in practice it is assumed that VOC and ROG are essentially synonymous. SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 shows greater variability in the annual minimum and maximum temperatures (SCAQMD, 1993). The mean annual high and low temperatures in the project area—as determined from the nearest weather station in the City of San Bernardino,8 (Western Regional Climate Center, 2021) which has a period of record from 1893 to 2004—are 79.9 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and 48.2°F, respectively. The overall climate is a mild Mediterranean, with average monthly maximum temperatures exceeding 96°F in the summer and down to 38.5°F in the winter. In contrast to a steady pattern of temperature, rainfall is seasonally and annually highly variable. The total average annual precipitation is 16.12 inches, of which 81 percent occurs between November and March. 4.3.3 Local Air Quality Table 4.3-1 shows the area designation status of the SCAB for each criteria pollutant for both the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS). The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) has divided the SCAB into source receptor areas (SRAs), based on similar meteorological and topographical features. The proposed project site is in SCAQMD’s Central San Bernardino Valley (SRA 34), which is served by the Fontana-Arrow Monitoring Station, located about 4.75 miles southwest of the proposed project site, at 14360 Arrow Route, in Fontana (SCAQMD, 2021). Criteria pollutants monitored at the Fontana-Arrow Monitoring Station include ozone, PM10, PM2.5, and NO2. CO has not been monitored in the SCAB since 2012. The ambient air quality data in the proposed project vicinity as recorded at the Fontana-Arrow Monitoring Station from 2018 to 2020 and the applicable state standards are shown in Table 4.3-2. 8 Data for San Bernardino Fire Station #226. Accessed May 2020. A closer weather station was available up until 1984. The San Bernardino station represents more current data. SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table 4.3-1 FEDERAL AND STATE ATTAINMENT STATUS Pollutants Federal Classification State Classification Ozone (O3)Nonattainment (Extreme)Nonattainment Particulate Matter (PM10)Maintenance (Serious)Nonattainment Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)Nonattainment (Moderate)Nonattainment Carbon Monoxide (CO)Maintenance (Serious)Attainment Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)Maintenance Attainment Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)Attainment Attainment Sulfates Attainment Lead (Pb)Attainment Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)Attainment Visibility Reducing Particles No Federal Standards Unclassified Sources: ARB, 2017; USEPA, 2021a, 2021b, 2021c, 2021d, 2021e. Table 4.3-2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING DATA Air Pollutant Standard/Exceedance 2018 2019 2020 Ozone (O3) Max. 1-hour Concentration (ppm) Max. 8-hour Concentration (ppm) # Days > Federal 8-hour Std. of 0.070 ppm # Days > California 1-hour Std. of 0.070 ppm # Days > California 8-hour Std. of 0.070 ppm 0.141 0.111 69 38 72 0.124 0.109 67 41 71 0.151 0.111 89 56 91 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Max. 1-hour Concentration (ppm) Annual Average (ppm) # Days > California 1-hour Std. of 0.070 ppm 0.063 0.018 0 0.0761 0.017 0 0.0664 0.019 0 Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) Max. 24-hour Concentration, microgram per cubic meter (µg/m3) Est. # Days > Fed. 24-hour Std. of 150 µg/m3 Annual Average (µg/m3) 61.5 0 34.6 85.1 0 35.3 73.6 0 37.2 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Max. 24-hour Concentration (µg/m3) #Days > Fed. 24-hour Std. of 35 µg/m3 State Annual Average (µg/m3) 29.2 0 11.1 81.3 3 11.3 57.6 4 12.3 Source: ARB, 2021 ND - There was insufficient (or no) data available to determine the value. SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.3.4 Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) The SCAQMD is required to produce plans to show how air quality will be improved in the region. The California Clean Air Act (CCAA) requires that these plans be updated triennially to incorporate the most recent available technical information. A multi-level partnership of governmental agencies at the federal, state, regional, and local levels implements the programs contained in these plans. Agencies involved include the USEPA, ARB, local governments, SCAG, and SCAQMD. The SCAQMD and the SCAG are responsible for formulating and implementing the AQMP for the SCAB. The SCAQMD updates its Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) every three years. The 2016 AQMP was adopted by the SCAQMD Board on March 3, 2017, and on March 10, 2017 was submitted to the ARB as part of the California State Implementation Plan (SIP). It focuses largely on reducing NOx emissions as a means of attaining the 1979 1-hour ozone standard by 2022, the 1997 8-hour ozone standard by 2023, and the 2008 8-hour standard by 2031. The AQMP prescribes a variety of current and proposed new control measures, including a request to the USEPA for increased regulation of mobile source emissions. The NOx control measures will also help the SCAB attain the 24-hour standard for PM2.5 (SCAQMD, 2017).9 4.3.5 Sensitive Receptors Some people, such as individuals with respiratory illnesses or impaired lung function because of other illnesses, persons over 65 years of age, and children under 14, are particularly sensitive to certain pollutants. Facilities and structures where these sensitive people live or spend considerable amounts of time are known as sensitive receptors. For the purposes of a CEQA analysis, the SCAQMD considers a sensitive receptor to be a receptor such as a residence, hospital, or convalescent facility where it is possible that an individual could remain for 24 hours (Chico and Koizumi, 2008, p. 3-2). Commercial and industrial facilities are not included in the definition of sensitive receptor, because employees typically are present for shorter periods of time, such as eight hours. Therefore, applying a 24-hour standard for PM10 is appropriate not only because the averaging period for the state standard is 24 hours, but because the sensitive receptor would be present at the location for the full 24 hours. 4.3.6 Response to Checklist Questions a)Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? Less than Significant Impact The SCAQMD has developed criteria in the form of emissions thresholds for determining whether emissions from a project are regionally significant. They are useful for estimating whether a project is likely to result in a violation of the NAAQS and/or whether the project is in conformity with plans to achieve attainment (SCAQMD, 2019). SCAQMD’s significance thresholds for criteria pollutant emissions during construction activities and project operation are summarized in Table 4.3-3. A project is considered to have a regional air quality impact if emissions from its construction and/or operational activities exceed the corresponding SCAQMD significance thresholds. 9 NOx is a precursor to several inorganic nitrate compounds (such as ammonium nitrate) that form in the atmosphere and become part of the PM2.5 load. Therefore, reducing NOx emissions will help reduce atmospheric PM2.5. SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table 4.3-3 SCAQMD EMISSIONS THRESHOLDS FOR SIGNIFICANT REGIONAL IMPACTS Mass Daily Thresholds (Pounds/Day) Pollutant Construction Operation Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 100 55 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) 75 55 Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) 150 150 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 55 55 Sulfur Oxides (SOX) 150 150 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 550 550 Lead 3 3 Source: SCAQMD, 2019. Air Quality Methodology Estimated criteria pollutant emissions from the project’s onsite and offsite project activities were calculated using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod), Version 2020.4.0. CalEEMod (CAPCOA, 2021) is a planning tool for estimating emissions related to land use projects. Model-predicted project emissions are compared with applicable thresholds to assess regional air quality impacts. As some construction plans have not been finalized, CalEEMod defaults were used for construction offroad equipment and onroad construction trips and vehicle miles traveled. The only modifications to CalEEMod defaults are the construction schedule provided by client and operational fleet mix and trip rates adjustments based on information from SCAQMD’s Analysis of Warehouse Trip Generation Rates.10 It was also assumed that the construction contractor would comply with all pertinent provisions of SCAQMD Rule 403.11 For the purpose of this analysis, construction activities for the Summit Avenue Warehouse Project are anticipated to last six to eight months and would begin in July 2022 and end in late February 2023. There would be five construction phases: Grading. Site Preparation. Building Construction. Paving Painting There would be no overlap of construction activities among any of the phases. Table 4.3-4 shows the project schedule used for the air quality, GHG emissions (Section 4.8) and noise (Section 4.13) analyses. 10 California Emissions Estimator Model® User’s Guide. Version 2013.2. Appendix E. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association. July 2013. URL: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/caleemod/caleemod-appendixe.pdf?sfvrsn=6. 11 Rule 403 applies to fugitive dust emissions. All projects in the SCAQMD are required to implement dust control measures such as regularly wetting disturbed soils. SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table 4.3-4 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE Construction Phase Start End Site Preparation July 1, 2022 July 5, 2022 Grading July 6, 2022 July 13, 2022 Building Construction July 14, 2022 January 25, 2023 Paving January 26, 2023 February 8, 2023 Architectural Coating February 9. 2023 February 22, 2023 These construction activities would temporarily create emissions of dusts, fumes, equipment exhaust, and other air contaminants. Mobile sources (such as diesel-fueled equipment onsite and traveling to and from the project site) would primarily generate NOX emissions. The amount of emissions generated daily would vary, depending on the amount and types of construction activities occurring at the same time. Regional Short-Term Air Quality Effects Project construction activities would generate short-term air quality impacts. Construction emissions can be distinguished as either onsite or offsite. Onsite air pollutant emissions consist principally of exhaust emissions from offroad heavy-duty construction equipment, as well as fugitive particulate matter from earth working and material handling operations. Offsite emissions result from workers commuting to and from the job site, as well as from trucks hauling materials to the site and construction debris for disposal. As shown in Table 4.3-5, construction emissions would not exceed SCAQMD regional thresholds. Therefore, the project’s short-term regional air quality impacts would be less than significant. Table 4.3-5 MAXIMUM DAILY REGIONAL CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS Maximum Emissions (lbs/day) Construction Activity ROG NOx CO PM10 PM2.5 Maximum Emissions, 2020 47.7 17.0 16.4 8.0 4.2 SCAQMD Significance Thresholds 75 100 550 150 55 Significant? (Yes or No)No No No No No Source: Calculated by OB-1 Air Analyses with CalEEMod (Version 2020.0.4). Regional Long-Term Air Quality Effects The primary source of operational emissions would be vehicle exhaust emissions generated from project- induced vehicle trips, known as “mobile source emissions.” Other emissions, identified as “energy source emissions,” would be generated from energy consumption for water, space heating, SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 and cooking equipment, while “area source emissions,” would be generated from structural maintenance and landscaping activities, and use of consumer products. As seen in Table 4.3-6, for each criteria pollutant, operational emissions would be below the pollutant’s SCAQMD significance threshold. Therefore, operational criteria pollutant emissions would be less than significant. Table 4.3-6 MAXIMUM DAILY PROJECT OPERATIONAL EMISSIONS Pollutant (lbs/day) Emission Source ROG NOX CO PM10 PM2.5 Area Source Emissions 2.29 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Energy Source Emissions 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.00 Mobile Source Emissions 0.30 1.04 4.12 1.26 0.35 Total Operational Emissions 2.6 1.1 4.2 1.3 0.4 SCAQMD Significance Thresholds 55 55 550 150 55 Significant? (Yes or No)No No No No No Source: Calculated by OB-1 Air Analyses with CalEEMod (Version 2020.4.0). b)Would the project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? Less than Significant Impact Since the SCAB is currently in nonattainment for ozone and PM2.5, related projects may exceed an air quality standard or contribute to an existing or projected air quality exceedance. The SCAQMD neither recommends quantified analyses of construction and/or operational emissions from multiple development projects nor provides methodologies or thresholds of significance to be used to assess the cumulative emissions generated by multiple cumulative projects. Instead, the District recommends that a project’s potential contribution to cumulative impacts be assessed utilizing the same significance criteria as those for project-specific impacts. Furthermore, the SCAQMD states that if an individual development project generates less-than-significant construction or operational emissions impacts, then the development project would not contribute to a cumulatively considerable increase in emissions for those pollutants for which the Basin is in nonattainment. As discussed above, the mass daily construction and operational emissions generated by the project would not exceed any of the SCAQMD’s significance thresholds. Also, as discussed below, localized emissions generated by the project would not exceed the SCAQMD’s Localized Significance Thresholds (LSTs). Therefore, the project would not contribute a cumulatively considerable increase in emissions for the pollutants which the Basin is in nonattainment. Thus, cumulative air quality impacts associated with the project would be less than significant. SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-9 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 c)Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? Less than Significant Impact Localized Short-Term Air Quality Effects from Construction Activity Construction of the proposed project would generate short-term and intermittent emissions. Following SCAQMD guidance (Chico and Koizumi, 2008), only onsite construction emissions were considered in the localized significance analysis. The residences to the west of the project site, across Sierra Avenue are the nearest sensitive receptors, about 162 feet (49 meters) away. Localized significance thresholds for projects in SRA 34 were obtained from tables in Appendix C of the SCAQMD’s Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology (Chico and Koizumi, 2008). Table 4.3-7 shows the results of the localized significance analysis for the proposed project. The localized significance analysis determined that the project would not expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. Table 4.3-7 RESULTS OF LOCALIZED SIGNIFICANCE ANALYSIS Maximum Onsite Emissions (pounds/day)Nearest Sensitive Receptor NOx CO PM10 PM2.5 Maximum daily emissions 17.0 14.4 7.8 4.1 SCAQMD LST for 5 acres @ 50 meters 302 2,396 42 10 Significant (Yes or No)No No No No Source: UltraSystems, 2021. During both construction and operation of the proposed project, sensitive receptors would be exposed to diesel exhaust, which has been associated with lung cancer (ARB, 1998). Therefore, screening health risk assessments were performed for both construction and operations. A memorandum describing and documenting the screening HRA is provided in Appendix H. Screening Health Risk Assessment for Project Construction Diesel-fueled equipment will operate onsite during all construction phases. Results from the CalEEMod analysis describe above was used to calculate time-weighted average diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions. The USEPA’s SCREEN3 model was used to estimate the maximum DPM concentration in the residential area west of the project site. The cancer risk calculation used a lifetime exposure adjustment (SCAQMD, 2003) to take into account that residents would be exposed for only 169 days instead of the usually assumed lifetime exposure of 25,550 days. The resulting carcinogenic risk was estimated to be 0.39 in 1 million (3.9 x 10-7), which is less than the SCAQMD’s significance threshold of 10 in 1 million. Acute non-cancer risk assessments are based upon one-hour maximum exposures, but acute reference exposure levels (RELs) for diesel exhaust and diesel particulate matter have not been established by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard SECTION 4.3 – AIR QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.3-10 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Assessment (OEHHA, 2019). The chronic hazard index was estimated to be 0.0003, which is less than the significance threshold of 1.0. Therefore, the long-term cancer risk and chronic noncancer risk for the proposed project’s construction would be less than significant. Screening Health Risk Assessment for Project Operations Truck traffic associated with warehouse operations will result in long-term, 24-hour-per-day exposure of sensitive receptors near the project site and along local roadways to diesel particulate matter (DPM). Given that previous detailed health risk assessments (e.g., Rogozen and Paitimusa, 2019; Rogozen and Sayed, 2018) had shown less than significant cancer risk from Fontana warehouse projects of similar size, only a screening health risk assessment (HRA) was performed for the Summit Avenue Warehouse Project. Given the previous finding that exposures to onroad diesel truck traffic contributed to a small fraction of the cancer risk for the maximally exposed individual, the screening HRA for the proposed project focused on onsite emissions from truck arrivals, departures, and idling. A memorandum describing and documenting the screening HRA for project operations is provided in Appendix H. The USEPA’s SCREEN3 model was used to estimate the maximum diesel particulate matter concentration in the residential area west of the project site. The resulting carcinogenic risk was estimated to be 6.9 in 1 million (6.9 x 10-6), which is less than the SCAQMD’s significance threshold of 10 in 1 million. The estimated hazard index for chronic noncancer risk is estimated to be 0.0046, which is less than the significance threshold of 1.0. Given that the screening approach assumed worst-case meteorological conditions, use of actual local meteorological inputs would result in considerably lower risk estimates. Therefore, impacts from exposure to diesel particulate matter would be less than significant. d)Would the project result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people? Less than Significant Impact Odors can cause a variety of responses. The impact of an odor results from interacting factors such as frequency (how often), intensity (strength), duration (in time), offensiveness (unpleasantness), location, and sensory perception. The SCAQMD recommends that odor impacts be addressed in a qualitative manner (citation). Such an analysis shall determine whether the project would result in excessive nuisance odors, as defined under the California Code of Regulations and § 41700 of the California Health and Safety Code, and thus would constitute a public nuisance related to air quality. Land uses typically considered associated with odors include wastewater treatment facilities, waste disposal facilities, or agricultural operations. The proposed project is not a land use typically associated with emitting objectionable odors. It would involve the use of diesel construction equipment and diesel trucks during construction and diesel trucks during operation. However, the project site is surrounded largely by industrial land uses and therefore emissions from trucks are common near the project site. In addition, project-generated emissions would rapidly disperse in the atmosphere and would not be noticeable to the nearby public. Therefore, the project would not generate a significant odor impact during construction or operation. SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.4 Biological Resources Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? X b)Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or US Fish and Wildlife Service? X c)Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? X d)Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native nursery sites? X e)Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? X f)Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? X 4.4.1 Methodology A Biological Study Area (BSA) was defined for the project and includes the project site and a 500-foot buffer zone around its perimeter (refer to Figure 4.4-1). The 4.49-acre project site is located in a relatively-urbanized area, and thus provides limited areas of suitable habitat for special-status plant and wildlife species. The project site itself has a relatively flat topography; in which its grade slopes SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 in a slightly south-southwest direction. Elevations on the project site range from approximately 1663 to 1676 feet above mean sea level (AMSL). The project site is currently undeveloped. Stormwater runoff generated on the project site is discharged as sheet flow toward the south and southwest. The average annual precipitation for the City is 19 inches (WRCC, 2021). UltraSystems Environmental Inc. (UltraSystems) biologist conducted a reconnaissance-level biological survey of the BSA on August 5, 2021 to assess the land cover types, including plant communities, and plant and wildlife species that occur within the 500-foot buffer area, also known as the Biological Study Area BSA (see Figure 4.4-1). Four land cover types occur within the BSA and they are each described in the following Section where potential project impacts to sensitive plant communities are addressed (see Figure 4.4-2). The determinations made in this section are based on the results of that survey (see Appendix C, Biological Resources Evaluation Report [BRE]). The project site consists of sandy loam rocky soils with sparse cover of shrubs, forbs and grasses. The dominant shrub is California buckwheat that occurs mainly on the eastern half of the project site. The remaining vegetation consists of ruderal species, primarily dominated by non-native annual grasses and forb species. There are three infiltration basins for stormwater control located to the north, east and south of the project site, respectively. Most of the BSA consists of commercial buildings, residences, infiltration basins and roadways. There is a mixture of native and non-native landscaping within the infiltration basins and around buildings and homes and along the roadways. A detailed analysis of the project site’s biological resources and potential impacts of project construction and operation to these resources can be found in the BRE (see Appendix C). a)Would the project have a substantial adverse impact, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Plant and wildlife species listed under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) or under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) are referred to collectively as “listed species” in this Section. Plant and wildlife species not listed under ESA or CESA but still protected by federal agencies, state agencies, local or regional plans, and/or nonprofit resource organizations, such as the California Native Plant Society (CNPS), are collectively referred to as “sensitive species” in this Section. The term “special-status species” is used when collectively referring to both listed and sensitive species. SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.4-1 PROJECT LOCATION AND BIOLOGICAL STUDY AREA (BSA) SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.4-2 LAND COVER TYPES SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Special-Status Plants As detailed in the BRE (see Appendix C), six listed and 24 sensitive plant species have been recorded as being observed in the project vicinity; however, only four of these species were determined to have a potential to occur within two-miles of the proposed project (see Figure 4.4-3). Only one of these species, Parry's spineflower (Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi, CRPR: 1B.1) has a potential to occur within the BSA; the BSA does not contain suitable habitat for the other three species. Of the 30 species in the plant inventory, one listed and two additional sensitive plant species were determined to have a low potential to occur (see Appendix C, BRE, p. 23). The project site lacks suitable habitat, or is outside the elevation or geographic range of, all but three special-status plant species documented in the plant inventory. No special-status plant species were observed during the surveys, including the three special-status plant species determined to have a low potential to occur. It was determined that construction of the project will have less than a significant impact on special-status plant species within the BSA. Special-Status Wildlife As detailed in the BRE (see Appendix C), one listed and four sensitive wildlife species were determined to have at least a low potential and three sensitive species were determined to have a moderate potential to occur in the BSA. The project site lacks suitable habitat, or is outside the elevation or geographic range, of the majority of the special-status wildlife species documented in the wildlife inventory; some species for which suitable habitat occurs within the BSA were determined to have no potential to occur due to factors such as urbanization and soil disturbances (see Section 4.5 of Appendix C, Wildlife). One formerly listed wildlife species, Crotch bumble bee (Bombus crotchii), was originally reported in the wildlife inventory; this species was determined to have a low potential to occur in the BSA. Refer to Figure 4.4-4, which displays species identified in the CNDDB wildlife inventory within a two-mile radius of the BSA. Of the seven species displayed on Figure 4.4-4, three special-status species were determined to have no potential to occur within the BSA due to a lack of suitable habitat. The following three species in the wildlife inventory were determined to have a moderate potential to occur within the BSA: Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii [COHA]) northwestern San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax fallax [SDPM]) Los Angeles pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris brevinasus [LAPM]) The BSA is located within United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) designated critical habitat for San Bernardino kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami parvus) [SBKR] (see Figure 4.4-5). However, these species were not observed during the survey. SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.4-3 CNDDB KNOWN OCCURRENCES: PLANT SPECIES AND HABITATS SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.4-4 CNDDB KNOWN OCCURRENCES: WILDLIFE SPECIES SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Cooper’s Hawk Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii) is a medium-sized hawk that prefers to inhabit the edges of woodlands. These raptors are commonly sighted in parks, neighborhoods, over fields, and even along busy streets if there are large trees nearby for perching and adequate prey species such as other birds and small mammals. They prefer to breed in more densely wooded areas than occur in the BSA, such as woodland openings and edges of riparian and oak habitat. Cooper’s hawks build nests in pines, oaks, Douglas-firs, beeches, spruces, and other trees. Males typically build the nest over a period of about two weeks, with some help from the female. Nests are piles of sticks roughly 27 inches in diameter and 6 to 17 inches high with a cup-shaped depression in the middle, that is approximately 8 inches in diameter and 4 inches deep. The cup is lined with bark flakes and, sometimes, green twigs. It was determined that Cooper’s hawk has a moderate potential to occur within the BSA because the BSA contains suitable nesting, breeding and foraging habitat; however, there are no trees on the project site itself and this raptor is only anticipated to forage occasionally onsite. Several large trees occur in the infiltration basins that surround the project site and these trees provide good nesting and breeding habitat for Cooper’s hawk. This species is urban-adapted and could still occupy the BSA despite high levels of vehicle traffic and construction that would be associated with construction of the project. Construction of the project is not anticipated to impact foraging of Cooper’s because there is ample foraging habitat available within the BSA and in surrounding areas. Northwestern San Diego Pocket Mouse The northwestern San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax fallax) [SDPM] is a CDFW Species of Special Concern. It is a common resident of sandy herbaceous areas, usually in association with rocks or coarse gravel in southwestern California. SDPM occurs mainly in arid coastal and desert borders. Habitats tend to be stony soils above sandy desert fans and rocky areas within shrub communities such as coastal sage scrub, chamise-redshank chaparral, mixed chaparral, sagebrush, desert wash, desert scrub, desert succulent scrub, pinyon-juniper, and annual grassland (Patton, 1999). There is marginally suitable habitat for SDPM within the BSA. SDPM were documented to occur in North Fontana during surveys conducted in 2002 and 2004. CDFW’s California Wildlife Habitat Relationships Predicted Habitat Suitability Map indicates that there is suitable habitat within the project site for SDPM. A complex of approximately 20 small mammal burrows in an approximately 500-square foot area were observed on the eastern border of the project site during the habitat assessment survey. These burrows could potentially be used by SDPM. Construction of the project would involve grading of the entire project site and these burrows would be destroyed. Although there is suitable habitat for SDPM on the project site, the area of suitable habitat that would be destroyed by grading activities is small and the loss of this area would not have a substantial effect on SDPM’s available habitat or population levels statewide. Thus, these impacts do not meet the threshold of significance set forth in Section 15065 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines. Therefore, construction of the project would have a less than significant impact on SDPM. Los Angeles Pocket Mouse The Los Angeles pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris brevinasus) [LAPM] is a CDFW Species of Special Concern. It is a nocturnal rodent. The species typically occurs on open landscapes associated with alluvial, well-drained upland deposits of sandy soil, and is believed to be in decline due to habitat loss affiliated with agricultural and urban development. The habitat of LAPM includes lower SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-9 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 elevation grassland, alluvial sage scrub, and coastal sage scrub. The LAPM hibernates in the winter, generally from October to February, and also becomes torpid when deprived of food for 24 to 36 hours. LAPM periodically emerge from hibernation to feed on seed caches stored in their burrows. Emergence from hibernation is correlated with availability of forb and grass seeds. Similar to the findings for SDPM, there is marginally suitable habitat for LAPM within the BSA and there was a recent documented occurrence of LAPM to the east of Sierra Avenue in North Fontana. Although suitable habitat for SDPM and LAPM was observed on the project site, these areas were small and represent a very small fraction of suitable habitat statewide for these species. As described regarding SDPM, a complex of approximately 20 small mammal burrows were observed on the norther border of the project site during the habitat assessment survey. These burrows could potentially be used by LAPM. As with SDPM, the destruction of these burrows during grading activities would not have a significant impact on the statewide population levels of LAPM. Therefore, construction of the project would have a less than significant impact on LAPM. Suitable habitat for COHA was observed offsite within the BSA, however this species was not observed during the biological survey nor were any other special-status species. There are no trees on the project site that could be utilized as nesting sites by COHA and this species would likely only forage onsite. Because COHA lacks nesting habitat onsite and because there is ample foraging habitat in the project site’s vicinity, it is anticipated that construction of the project would not have a significant impact on COHA foraging behavior. There is a large tree located within 50 feet of the eastern border of the project site that could potentially be used by COHA as a nesting site. Construction of the project would have potentially indirect impacts on COHA breeding behavior. Therefore, implementation of mitigation measure BIO 1, which requires that pre-construction breeding bird surveys be performed, in addition to implementation of mitigation measures BIO 2 through BIO 5, which require implementing best management practices (BMPs; e.g., educating workers of biological resources, establishing a fixed project footprint and practicing wildlife avoidance), would reduce impacts of the project to COHA and other special-status wildlife species to a less than significant level. If construction occurs during the nesting season, indirect impacts on migratory birds could occur from increased noise, vibration, and dust during construction. This could adversely affect the breeding behavior of some birds, and lead to the loss (take) of eggs and chicks, or nest abandonment. Implementation of mitigation measures BIO 1 through BIO 5, would reduce impacts of construction of the project to migratory birds and COHA to a less than significant level. Mitigation Measures BIO-1: Pre-Construction Breeding Bird Survey Project activities that will remove or disturb potential nest sites, such as open ground, trees, shrubs, grasses, or burrows, during the breeding season would be a potential significant impact if migratory non- game breeding birds are present. Project activities that will remove or disturb potential nest sites will be scheduled outside the breeding bird season to avoid potential direct impacts to migratory non-game breeding birds protected by the MBTA and Fish and Game Code. The breeding bird nesting season is typically from February 15 through September 15, but can vary slightly from year to year, usually depending on weather conditions. Removing all physical features that could potentially serve as nest sites will also help to prevent birds from nesting within the project site during the breeding season and during construction activities. If project activities cannot be avoided during February 15 through September 15, a qualified biologist will conduct a pre-construction SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-10 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 breeding bird survey for breeding birds and active nests or potential nesting sites within the limits of project disturbance. The survey will be conducted at least seven days prior to the onset of scheduled activities, such as mobilization and staging. It will end no more than three days prior to vegetation, substrate, and structure removal and/or disturbance. If no breeding birds or active nests are observed during the pre-construction survey or they are observed and will not be impacted, project activities may begin and no further mitigation will be required. If a breeding bird territory or an active bird nest is located during the pre-construction survey and will potentially be impacted, the site will be mapped on engineering drawings and a no activity buffer zone will be marked (fencing, stakes, flagging, orange snow fencing, etc.) a minimum of 100 feet in all directions or 500 feet in all directions for listed bird species and all raptors. The biologist will determine the appropriate buffer size based on the type of activities planned near the nest and the type of bird that created the nest. Some bird species are more tolerant than others of noise and activities occurring near their nest. This no- activity buffer zone will not be disturbed until a qualified biologist has determined that the nest is inactive, the young have fledged, the young are no longer being fed by the parents, the young have left the area, or the young will no longer be impacted by project activities. Periodic monitoring by a biologist will be performed to determine when nesting is complete. Once the nesting cycle has finished, project activities may begin within the buffer zone. If listed bird species, such as the least bell’s vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus), are observed within the project site during the pre-construction survey, the biologist will immediately map the area and notify the appropriate resource agency to determine suitable protection measures and/or mitigation measures and to determine if additional surveys or focused protocol surveys are necessary. Project activities may begin within the area only when concurrence is received from the appropriate resource agency. Birds or their active nests will not be disturbed, captured, handled or moved. Active nests cannot be removed or disturbed; however, nests can be removed or disturbed if determined inactive by a qualified biologist. BIO-2: Worker Environmental Awareness Program Prior to project construction activities, a qualified biologist will prepare and conduct a Worker Environmental Awareness Program (WEAP) that will describe the biological constraints of the project. All personnel who will work within the project site will attend the WEAP prior to performing any work. The WEAP will include, but not be limited to the following: results of pre-construction surveys; description of sensitive biological resources potentially present within the project site; legal protections afforded the sensitive biological resources; BMPs for protecting sensitive biological resources (i.e., restrictions, avoidance, protection, and minimization measures); individual responsibilities associated with the project; and, a training on grading to reduce impacts to biological resources. The training shall include a description of the species of concern and its habitat, the general provisions of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the need to adhere to the provisions of the ESA, the penalties associated with violating the provisions of the ESA, the general measures that are being implemented to conserve the species of concern as they relate to the project, and the access routes to the project site boundaries within which the project activities must be accomplished. The program will also include the reporting requirements if workers encounter a sensitive wildlife species (i.e., notifying the qualified UEI biologist or the construction foreman, who will then notify the biologist). SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-11 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Training materials will be language-appropriate for all construction personnel. Upon completion of the WEAP, workers will sign a form stating that they attended the program, understand all protection measures, and will abide all the rules of the WEAP. A record of all trained personnel will be kept with the construction foreman at the project field construction office and will be made available to any resource agency personnel. If new construction personnel are added to the project later, the construction foreman will ensure that new personnel receive training before they start working. The biologist will provide written hard copies of the WEAP and photos of the sensitive biological resources to the construction foreman. Training materials will be language-appropriate for all construction personnel. Upon completion of the WEAP, workers will sign a form stating that they attended the program, understand all protection measures, and will abide all the rules of the WEAP. A record of all trained personnel will be kept with the construction foreman at the project field construction office and will be made available to any resource agency personnel. If new construction personnel are added to the project later, the construction foreman will ensure that new personnel receive training before they start working. The biologist will provide written hard copies of the WEAP and photos of the sensitive biological resources to the construction foreman. BIO-3: Construction Best Management Practices Water pollution and erosion control plans shall be developed and implemented in accordance with Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) requirements. Equipment storage, fueling, and staging areas shall be located on upland sites with minimal risks of direct drainage into riparian areas or other sensitive habitats. These designated areas shall be located in such a manner as to prevent any runoff from entering sensitive habitat. Necessary precautions shall be taken to prevent the release of cement or other toxic substances into surface waters. Project related spills of hazardous materials shall be reported to appropriate entities including but not limited to applicable jurisdictional city, USFWS, and CDFW, RWQCB and shall be cleaned up immediately and contaminated soils removed to approved disposal areas. The Permittee shall have the right to access and inspect any sites of approved projects including any restoration/enhancement area for compliance with project approval conditions including these BMPs. MM BIO-4: Project Limits and Designated Areas To avoid impacts to sensitive biological resources, Project Applicant will implement the following measures prior to project construction and commencement of any ground-disturbing activities or vegetation removal: Specifications for the project boundary, limits of construction, project-related parking, storage areas, laydown sites, and equipment storage areas will be mapped and clearly marked in the field with temporary fencing, signs, stakes, flags, rope, cord, or other appropriate markers. Construction limits will be fenced with orange snow screen. Exclusion fencing should be maintained until the completion of all construction activities. Employees shall be instructed that their activities are restricted to the construction areas. All markers will be maintained until the completion of activities in that area. Construction employees shall strictly limit their activities, vehicles, equipment, and construction materials to the proposed project footprint and designated staging areas and routes of travel. The SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-12 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 construction area(s) shall be the minimal area necessary to complete the project and shall be specified in the construction plans. To minimize the amount of disturbance, the construction/laydown areas, parking areas, staging areas, storage areas, spoil areas, and equipment access areas will be restricted to designated areas, which will be comprised of existing disturbed areas (parking lots, access roads, graded areas, etc.). Project related work limits will be marked by orange construction fencing and work crews will be restricted to designated work areas. Disturbance beyond the actual construction zone is prohibited without site specific surveys. If sensitive biological resources are detected in the area to be impacted, then appropriate measures will be implemented to avoid impacts (i.e., flag and avoid, erect orange construction fencing, biological monitor present during work, etc.). However, if avoidance is not possible and the sensitive biological resources will be directly impacted by project activities, the biologist will mark and/or stake the impacted site(s) and map the individuals on an aerial map and with a GPS unit. The biologist will then contact CDFW and/or the USFWS to develop additional avoidance, minimization and/or mitigation measures prior to commencing project activities. Project Applicant will ensure that construction activities will include measures to prevent accidental falls into excavated areas. The construction crew will inspect excavated areas daily to detect the presence of trapped wildlife. All deep or steep-walled excavated areas will be covered with tarp and either be furnished with escape ramps or be surrounded with exclusionary fencing in order to prevent wildlife from entering them. Wildlife found in excavation areas should be trapped by a Qualified Biologist and relocated out of harm’s way to a suitable habitat outside of the project area, if possible. MM BIO-5: General Vegetation and Wildlife Avoidance and Protection Measures The BSA contains potentially habitat which can support sensitive and common wildlife species. During Construction, the Project Applicant will implement the following general avoidance and protection measures to protect vegetation and wildlife, to the extent practical. Cleared or trimmed vegetation and woody debris will be disposed of in accordance with City of Fontana and/or County of San Bernardino green waste or construction waste regulations. Cleared or trimmed non-native, invasive vegetation will be disposed of as soon as possible to prevent regrowth and the spread of weeds. Vehicles and equipment will be free of caked mud or debris prior to entering the project site to avoid the introduction of new invasive weedy plant species. To avoid potential construction-related impacts to nocturnally active species, it is recommended that all work be conducted during daylight hours. Nighttime work (and use of artificial lighting) will not be permitted unless specifically authorized. If required, night lighting will be directed away from the preserved open space areas to protect species from direct night lighting. All unnecessary lights will be turned off at night to avoid attracting wildlife such as insects, migratory birds, and bats. SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-13 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 In order to be consistent with CDFW’s role of protecting wildlife in California as stated in of Section 1801 of the California Fish and Game Code (CFGC), and in accordance with CDFW’s recommendations for removing wildlife from a property, any wildlife encountered during the course of project activities will be allowed to freely leave the area unharmed by non-lethal deterrence (CDFW, 2022). Active nests of special-status or otherwise protected bird species cannot be removed or disturbed. Nests can be removed or disturbed if determined inactive by a qualified biologist. To avoid impacts to wildlife and attracting predators of protected species, Project Applicant will comply with all litter and pollution laws and will institute a litter control program throughout project construction, as defined in BMP Solid Waste Management (WM-5) of the Stormwater Best Management Practice Handbook (CASQA 2011, pp. 340-343). All contractors, subcontractors, and employees will also adhere to the requirements of these programs. (e.g., covered trash receptacles will be placed at each designated work site and the contents will be properly disposed at least once a week). Trash removal will reduce the attractiveness of the area to opportunistic predators such as common ravens, coyotes, northern raccoons, and Virginia opossums. Contractors, subcontractors, employees, and site visitors will be prohibited from feeding wildlife and collecting plants and wildlife Level of Significance After Mitigation With implementation of mitigation measures BIO-1 through BIO-6 above, the project would result in less than significant impacts on special-status plant and wildlife species. b)Would the project have a substantial adverse impact on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? No Impact The project site is situated on relatively level ground, and consists of upland areas only; no ephemeral, intermittent, or perennial streams or rivers were identified in the literature review or observed during the biological survey. The BSA does not support riparian habitat. There were two land cover types identified within the project site and five altogether within the BSA (see Figure 4.4-2), which are detailed briefly below and in greater detail in Appendix C. Developed/Ornamental The majority of the BSA consists of developed areas and areas landscaped with ornamental vegetation. Developed areas include areas occupied by residences, structures, sidewalks, paving, and all other impermeable surfaces that cannot support vegetation. Ornamental areas include lawns, and native or non- native ornamental vegetation incorporated into landscaping around buildings, homes SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-14 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 and sidewalk medians. Approximately 36.63 acres of Developed/Ornamental land cover were mapped within the BSA. Infiltration Basin There are three infiltration basins to the north, east, and south of the project site within the BSA. These infiltration basins serve the purpose of erosion, flood, and stormwater runoff control for the surrounding developments. All three basins are irrigated. The north and east basins have rock-lined bottoms with slopes consisting of native and non-native grasses, shrubs and trees. The south basin’s bottom and slopes are vegetated with native shrub and forb species; this basin terminates into a rock-lined region on its western end. Approximately, 1.93 acres of Infiltration Basin land cover were mapped within the BSA. Disturbed Disturbed lands consist of exposed soils that have undergone some type of disturbance such as compaction by vehicle traffic, mowing, disking, excavation or other type of alteration of the soil surface. Vegetation on these lands often consists of ruderal vegetation dominated by non-native forbs and grasses. The one disturbed area within the BSA is an approximately 15-foot-wide dirt road located directly south of the project site, which extends from Sierra Avenue to the west to Mango Avenue to the east. Approximately 0.50 acre of Disturbed land cover was mapped within the BSA. Disturbed California Buckwheat Scrub California buckwheat scrub (Eriogonum fascicuatum shrubland alliance) occurs on upland slopes, arroyos experiencing intermittent flooding, channels and washes (Sawyer et al., 2009; CNPS, 2021b). California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) is typically the dominant shrub species in this plant community and other shrub species co-occur at lower cover. California buckwheat shrubs are sparsely distributed in much of the central and eastern sections of the project site. There is evidence of discing and other soil disturbances throughout the project site based on both field observations and historical aerial imagery. SECTION 4.4 - BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-15 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.4-5 USFWS CRITICAL HABITATS SECTION 4.4 – BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-16 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Thus, the onsite area where California buckwheat occurs is classified as Disturbed California buckwheat scrub. Several non-native annual grasses and forbs occur in the intercanopy areas of the buckwheat. Approximately 0.87 acre of Disturbed California buckwheat scrub was mapped within the project site. Wild Oats and Annual Brome Grasslands Wild oats and annual brome grasslands (Avena spp. – Bromus spp. Herbaceous Semi-Natural Alliance) is common in foothills, openings, and rangelands at elevations ranging from 0 to 7,200 feet above sea level (Sawyer et al., 2009). This land cover occurs in all areas of the project site surrounding the patch of Disturbed California buckwheat scrub. The co-dominant species occurring in this plant community on the project site include ripgut grass (Bromus diandrus), foxtail chess (Bromus madritensis), wild oat species (Avena sp.), and several non-native annual forb species. Approximately 3.64 acres of wild oats and annual brome grasslands were mapped within the project site. None of these land cover types are listed as sensitive natural communities on the California Natural Community List (CDFW, 2021a). The project would not result in impacts on any riparian habitat or sensitive natural community identified in local, regional state, or federal plans, policies, or regulations (e.g., critical habitat as shown in Figure 4.4-5). c)Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? No Impact As previously discussed, the project site is situated on relatively level ground in a developed suburban and industrial area. Wetlands, including marshes, vernal pools, or other waters of the U.S. or State, were not observed during the biological survey. The project would not directly remove, fill, or interrupt the hydrology of state or federal protected wetlands. No impact would occur and no mitigation is proposed. d)Would the project interfere substantially with the movement of any resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of wildlife nursery sites? No Impact The project site and surrounding areas do not support resident or migratory fish species or wildlife nursery sites. The nearest Essential Connectivity Area is the San Gabriel Mountains (Angeles National Forest and San Bernardino National Forest); this connectivity area begins approximately one mile north of the project site. The nearest small natural area is approximately 0.6 miles south of the project site (see Figure 4.4-6). The nearest riparian connectivity corridor is that of the Santa Ana River, which runs west/southwest and is between 8.5 southwest and 13.5 miles south of the proposed project site. A 350- foot wide electrical transmission line ROW is located approximately 0.2 mile north of the project site and may function as a local wildlife corridor; however, it would not be affected by development of the proposed project. Given the factors of distance and existing development, the project would not interfere with or impede: (1) the movement of any resident or migratory fish or wildlife species; (2) established SECTION 4.4 – BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-17 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 resident or migratory wildlife corridors; or (3) the use of wildlife nursery sites. No impact would occur as a result of development of the project and no mitigation is proposed. e)Would the project conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? No Impact Development of the project would not conflict with local policies or ordinances that protect biological resources. Trees and other biological resources that would be potentially be protected by local policies or ordinances were not observed within the project site during the survey. Therefore, no impacts would occur and no mitigation is proposed. f)Would the project conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Communities Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan No Impact The project site is not located within an adopted habitat conservation plan area, natural communities conservation plan area, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan area. No conflict would occur, and mitigation is not required. SECTION 4.4 – BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.4-18 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.4-6 CDFW WILDLIFE CORRIDORS SECTION 4.5 – CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.5-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.5 Cultural Resources Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact f)Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to § 15064.5? X g)Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to § 15064.5? X h)Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? X 4.5.1 Methods A cultural resources analysis was conducted for the Fontana Warehouse at Sierra Avenue and Summit Avenue Project site (refer to Figure 4.5-1) that included a California Historic Resources Inventory System (CHRIS) records and literature search at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) located at California State University, Fullerton for cultural resources in the project boundary and a 0.5-mile radius on November 5, 2021. Additionally, a request was made to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on August 19, 2021 to conduct a search of its Sacred Lands File (SLF) for potential traditional cultural properties as well as to provide a list of local Native American tribes and tribal representatives to contact. Finally, a pedestrian survey of the project boundary was completed on October 12, 2021. Existing Conditions Based on the cultural resources records search, it was determined that no historic cultural resources or prehistoric archeological sites have been previously recorded within the project site boundary. Within the 0.5-mile buffer zone, there were 11 previously recorded historic-era cultural resources but no prehistoric archaeological sites have been recorded. No historic or prehistoric resources were observed during the field survey. SECTION 4.5 – CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.5-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.5-1 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP SECTION 4.5 – CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.5-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.5.2 Impacts Assessment a)Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to § 15064.5? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated A historical resource is defined in § 15064.5(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines as any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript determined to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California. Historical resources are further defined as being associated with significant events, important persons, or distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction; representing the work of an important creative individual; or possessing high artistic values. Resources listed in, or determined eligible for, the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR), included in a local register, or identified as significant in a historic resource survey are also considered as historical resources under CEQA. Similarly, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) criteria (contained in 36 CFR 60.4) are used to evaluate resources when complying with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Specifically, the NRHP criteria state that eligible resources comprise districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and that: (a) are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or (b) that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or (c) that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or (d) that have yielded or may be likely to yield, information important to history or prehistory. A substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource as a result of a project or development is considered a significant impact on the environment. Substantial adverse change is defined as physical demolition, relocation, or alteration of a resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of the historical resource would be materially impaired. Direct impacts are those that cause substantial adverse physical change to a historic property. Indirect impacts are those that cause substantial adverse change to the immediate surroundings of a historic property, such that the significance of a historical resource would be materially impaired. The cultural resources records search conducted at the SCCIC determined that 11 historic-era resources have been recorded within a 0.5-mile radius of the area of potential effect (APE) of the project boundary (Table 4.1-1 in Appendix D), but no resources have been recorded within the APE. Of the 11 historic sites, six are historic dirt roads which either no longer exist are have been substantially altered. According to records at the SCCIC, a single previous cultural resource survey covers the project area, and 17 surveys have been conducted within the 0.5-mile radius project buffer but not within the project APE (refer to Appendix D). As a result of the field survey, no historic buildings were identified within the project site. No cultural resources were observed during the survey. Therefore, it is unlikely that historical and archaeological resources would be adversely affected by construction of the project. However, grading activities associated with development of the project would cause new subsurface disturbance and may result SECTION 4.5 – CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.5-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 in the unanticipated discovery of unique historic and/or prehistoric archeological resources. In the event of an unanticipated discovery, implementation of mitigation measures CUL-1, CUL-2, CUL-3, and CUL- 4 described below would ensure that impacts on historical and archaeological resources would be less than significant. These mitigation measure reflect the City of Fontana’s Standard Conditions of Approval regrading cultural resources. Mitigation Measure MM CUL-1 Prior to the commencement of grading or excavation, workers conducting construction activities and their foremen will receive Worker Environmental Awareness Program (WEAP) training from a qualified archaeologist regarding the potential for sensitive archaeological and paleontological resources to be unearthed during grading activities. The workers will be directed to report any unusual specimens of bone, stone, ceramics or other archaeological artifacts or features observed during grading and/or other construction activities to their foremen and to cease grading activities in the immediate vicinity of the discovery until a qualified archaeologist or Native American cultural monitor is notified of the discovery by the Superintendent of the project site and can assess their significance. The WEAP shall be implemented to educate all construction personnel of the area’s environmental conditions and the environmental protection measures that must be adhered to by all workers throughout the duration of project construction. Training materials shall be language-appropriate for all construction personnel. Upon completion of the WEAP, workers shall sign a form stating that they attended the program, understand all protection measures, and shall abide by all the rules of the WEAP. A record of all trained personnel shall be kept with the construction foreman at the project field construction office and shall be made available to any resource agency personnel. If new construction personnel are added to the project later, the construction foreman shall ensure that new personnel receive training before they start working. The archaeologist shall provide hard copies of the WEAP presentation to the construction foreman. MM CUL-2 Upon discovery of any tribal cultural or archaeological resources, cease construction activities in the immediate vicinity of the find until the find can be assessed. All tribal cultural and archaeological resources unearthed by project construction activities shall be evaluated by the qualified archaeologist and tribal monitor/consultant. If the resources are Native American in origin, interested Tribes (as a result of correspondence with area Tribes) shall coordinate with the landowner regarding treatment and curation of these resources. Typically, the Tribe will request preservation in place or recovery for educational purposes. Work may continue on other parts of the project while evaluation takes place. . MM CUL-3 Preservation in place shall be the preferred manner of treatment. If preservation in place is not feasible, treatment may include implementation of archaeological data recovery excavation to remove the resource along the subsequent laboratory processing and analysis. All Tribal Cultural Resources shall be returned to the Tribe. Any historic archaeological material that is not Native American in origin shall be curated at a public, non-profit institution with a research interest in the materials, if such an institution agrees to accept the material. If no institution accepts the SECTION 4.5 – CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.5-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 archaeological material, they shall be offered to the Tribe or a local school or historical society in the area for educational purposes. MM CUL-4 Archaeological and Native American monitoring and excavation during construction projects shall be consistent with current professional standards. All feasible care to avoid any unnecessary disturbance, physical modification, or separation of human remains and associated funerary objects shall be taken. Principal personnel shall meet the Secretary of the Interior standards for archaeology and have a minimum of 10 years’ experience as a principal investigator working with Native American archaeological sites in southern California. The Qualified Archaeologist shall ensure that all other personnel are appropriately trained and qualified. Level of Significance After Mitigation With implementation of mitigation measures CUL-1, CUL-2, CUL-3 and CUL-4 above, potential impacts related to historical and archaeological resources would be less than significant. b)Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to § 15064.5? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated An archaeological resource is defined in § 15064.5(c) of the CEQA Guidelines as a site, area or place determined to be historically significant as defined in § 15064(a) of the CEQA Guidelines, or as a unique archaeological resource defined in § 21083.2 of the Public Resources Code as an artifact, object, or site that contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions of public interest or that has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest or best example of its type, or that is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person. The level ground surface elevation relative to adjacent roads suggests that the ground on the project site has been minimally disturbed, with the native surface soil remaining. It is unlikely that undisturbed unique archeological resources exist on the project site as determined by the cultural resources investigation conducted by UltraSystems, which included a CHRIS records search of the project site and 0.5-mile radius, a search of the SLF by the NAHC, and pedestrian field survey. The cultural resources records search conducted at the SCCIC determined that there are no known prehistoric cultural resource sites or isolates recorded within a 0.5-mile radius of the project boundary (Table 4.1-1 in Appendix D). The records search revealed that 11 historic resources have been recorded within 0.5-mile of the project site, but none of them were located within the project boundary. The NAHC was requested to conduct a search of its SLF on and within a 0.5 mile radius around the project site and to provide a list of local Native American tribes on August 19, 2021, and a reply was received on September 8, 2021; letters were sent to the listed tribes on September 8, 2021 (see Attachment C in Appendix D). The NAHC provided a response letter dated September 8, 2021, which stated that there is a record documenting the presence of traditional cultural properties within this area, and to contact the Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation for more information. SECTION 4.5 – CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.5-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 The NAHC also provided UltraSystems with a list of local Native American tribes (including the Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation) and specific tribal representatives to contact regarding this project. Subsequently, 18 representatives of the 12 Native American tribes were contacted with a letter requesting a reply if they have knowledge of cultural resources in the area that they could provide, and asking if they had any questions or concerns regarding the project. The contacted tribes are: Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council Gabrielino/Tongva Nation Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe Morongo Band of Mission Indians Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians San Manuel Band of Mission Indians Serrano Nation of Mission Indians Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians As discussed in Section 4.5.1 in Appendix D, letters were sent to 18 representatives of 12 Native American tribes. Four responses were received from three different tribes. These letters are presented in Attachment C in Appendix D of this IS/MND. An email response was received the Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation’s Admin Specials, on behalf of Chairperson Salas September 20, 2021, requesting the lead agency’s contact information; this information was provided on September 27, 2021. There was no response from the Gabrielino – Kizh Nation concerning the SLF’s traditional site in the project area. An email response was received from Ms. Conley, Tribal Consultant and Administrator for the Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council, on behalf of Chairperson Dorame, on September 28, 2021 stating that “this area is culturally sensitive with respect to Native American resources and will require a monitor for all ground disturbances.” The Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation’s Historic Preservation Officer, Jill McCormick on September 17, 2021, replied indicating that the tribe has no comments on this project, deferring to more local Tribes. A response was received from Ryan Nordness of the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians’ cultural resources department on September 21, 2021 indicating that the project is not located near any Serrano villages, SLF sites or archaeological sites (refer to Attachment C in Appendix D of this IS/MND). On November 5, 2021, six calls were placed to non-responding tribes with no answer and messages were left describing the project and requesting a response. These calls were to Chairperson Anthony Morales, Chairperson of the Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians; Chairperson Sandonne Goad, Chairperson of the Gabrielino/Tongva Nation; Ann Brierty, THPO of the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, Robert Martin, Chairperson of the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, Wayne Walker, Co-Chairperson of the Serrano Nation of Mission Indians, and Mark Cochrane, Co-Chairperson of the Serrano Nation of Mission Indians. A call to Tribal Chair Lovina Redner of the Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians, resulted in no one answering the tribal office line and no ability to leave a message. During the telephone calls of November 5, 2021, Mr. Charles Alvarez of the Gabrieleno-Tongva Tribe, stated that he will need to check with the tribal staff member who reviews the outreach letters the tribe receives to learn if he has a response to provide. Mr. Alvarez requested that we call him back this same afternoon which was done, but there was no answer. Joseph Ontiveros, of the Cultural Resource Department of Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians indicated that the tribe defers all comments SECTION 4.5 – CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.5-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 concerning this project to the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians (see Attachment C in Appendix D). UEI’s good faith effort in conducting outreach to the tribes identified by the NAHC, unrelated to AB 52 compliance, is compete. The result of the pedestrian survey was negative for both prehistoric and historic sites and isolates on the project site. Based on the results of the records search and the onsite field survey, it is unlikely that cultural resources or tribal resources would be adversely affected by construction of the project. However, grading activities associated with development of the project would cause new subsurface disturbance and may result in the unanticipated discovery of unique historic and/or prehistoric archeological resources. In the event of an unanticipated discovery, implementation of mitigation measures MM CUL-1, MM CUL-2, MM CUL-3, and MM_CUL-4 described above would ensure that impacts on archeological resources would be less than significant. . These mitigation measures reflect the City of Fontana’s Standard Conditions of Approval regarding cultural resources. Level of Significance After Mitigation With implementation of mitigation measures CUL-1, CUL-2, CUL-3, and CUL-4 above, potential impacts related to archaeological resources would be less than significant. c)Would the project disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated As previously discussed in Section 4.5 b) above, the project site surface appears intact, and probably was not disturbed by agriculture in the past. It does have signs of being lightly surface scraped within the past year or so by the appearance of rocks being moved. No human remains have been previously identified or recorded onsite or within a 0.5 mile radius. It is unlikely that undisturbed unique archaeological resources exist on the project site. The project proposes grading activities for the implementation of infrastructure that includes water, sewer and utility lines. Grading and trenching activities associated with development of the project would cause new subsurface disturbance and could result in the unanticipated discovery of unknown human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. In the unlikely event of an unanticipated discovery, implementation of mitigation measure CUL-5 and adherence to applicable codes and regulations would ensure that impacts related to the accidental discovery of human remains would be less than significant. California Health and Safety Code § 7050.5 identifies procedures for the discovery of human remains. CEQA § 15064.5 indicates the process for determining the significance of impacts on archaeological and historical resources. California Public Resources Code § 5097.98 stipulates the notification process during the discovery of Native American human remains, descendants, disposition of human remains, and associated artifacts. Mitigation Measure MM CUL-5: If human remains are encountered during subsurface activities associated with this project, all work shall stop within a 30-foot radius of the discovery and the San Bernardino County Coroner shall be notified (§ 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code). The Coroner shall determine whether the remains are recent human origin or older SECTION 4.5 – CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.5-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Native American ancestry. If the coroner, with the aid of the supervising archaeologist, determines that the remains are prehistoric, they shall contact the NAHC. The NAHC shall be responsible for designating the Most Likely Descendant (MLD). The MLD shall be responsible for the ultimate disposition of the remains, as required by § 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code. The MLD shall make recommendations within 24 hours of their notification by the NAHC. These recommendations may include scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials (§ 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code). Level of Significance After Mitigation With implementation of mitigation measure CUL-5 above, potential impacts related to human remains would be less than significant. SECTION 4.6 – ENERGY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.6-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.6 Energy Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a) Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? X b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? X 4.6.1 Existing Conditions Electricity Electricity is supplied to the project site by Southern California Edison (SCE), which provides electricity to the City of Fontana (Stantec, 2018a, p. 10.9). SCE provides electricity to the project site from existing electrical distribution lines. Natural Gas Natural Gas is supplied to the project site by SoCalGas, which provides natural gas to the City of Fontana (City of Fontana Utilities, 2021). 4.6.2 Impact Analysis a)Would the project result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? Less than Significant Impact Construction The following forms of energy are anticipated to be expended during construction: Diesel fuel for off-road equipment (gallons). Electricity to deliver water for use in dust control (kilowatt-hours [kWh]). Motor vehicle fuel for worker commuting, materials delivery and waste disposal (gallons). SECTION 4.6 – ENERGY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.6-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Electricity During project construction, energy would be consumed in the form of electricity associated with the conveyance and treatment of water used for dust control and, on a limited basis, powering lights, electronic equipment, or other construction activities necessitating electrical power. Due to the fact that electricity usage associated with lighting and construction equipment that utilizes electricity is not easily quantifiable or readily available, the estimated electricity usage during project construction is speculative. Lighting used during project construction would comply with Title 24 standards/requirements (such as wattage limitations). This compliance would ensure that electricity use during project construction would not result in the wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary use of energy. Lighting would be used in compliance with applicable City of Fontana Municipal Code requirements to create enough light for safety. Natural Gas Construction activities, including the construction of new buildings and facilities, typically do not involve the consumption of natural gas. Therefore, the proposed project is not anticipated to have a demand for natural gas during project construction. Transportation Energy Project construction would consume energy in the form of petroleum-based fuels associated with the use of off-road construction vehicles and equipment on the project site, construction workers’ travel to and from the project site, and delivery and haul truck trips hauling solid waste from and delivering building materials to the project site. During project construction, trucks and construction equipment would be required to comply with the California Air Resources Board’s (ARB’s) anti-idling regulations. ARB’s In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets regulation would also apply (ARB, 2016). Vehicles driven to or from the project site (delivery trucks, construction employee vehicles, etc.) are subject to fuel efficiency standards requirements established by the federal government. Therefore, project construction activities regarding fuel use would not result in wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary use of energy. Operation Energy would be consumed during project operations related to space and water heating, water conveyance, solid waste disposal, and vehicle trips of employees and customers. Project operation energy usage, which was estimated by CalEEMod as part of the greenhouse gas emissions analysis (refer to Section 4.3) is shown in Table 4.6-1. Table 4.6-1 ESTIMATED PROJECT OPERATIONAL ENERGY USE Energy Type Units Value Daily Onroad Motor Vehicle Travel Vehicle Miles Traveled per Year 587,954 1,611 SECTION 4.6 – ENERGY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.6-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Energy Type Units Value Daily Natural Gas Use 1,000 BTU per year 205,784 564 Electricity Use Kilowatt-hours per year 237,522 651 Source: CalEEMod estimates. The proposed project would involve installation of energy-efficient features. Insulated and glazed windows and low E coating on windows, would be incorporated into the building design. Additionally, the proposed project would adhere to applicable federal, state, and local requirements for energy efficiency, including Title 24 standards. The proposed project would not result in the inefficient, wasteful, or unnecessary consumption of building energy. Additionally, there would not be any inefficient, wasteful, or unnecessary energy usage in comparison to similar development projects of this nature regarding construction-related fuel consumption. Therefore, the implementation of the proposed project would result in less than significant impacts on energy resources. Further, the roadway network in the vicinity of the project site is served by Omnitrans, the public transit agency serving the San Bernardino Valley. It has 10 bus routes in the city of Fontana (Stantec, 2018a, p. 9.7). Employees and visitors would be able to access the project site via the public transit system, thereby reducing transportation-related fuel demand. Continued use of energy resources is consistent with the anticipated growth within the city and the general vicinity and would not result in wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources during project construction or operation. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. b)Would the project conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? Less Than Significant Impact Title 24 Project design, construction, and operation would comply with the California Green Building Standards (CAL Green) Code (California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 11), which includes mandatory measures for nonresidential site development, energy efficiency, water efficiency and conservation, material conservation and resource efficiency, and environmental quality. City of Fontana General Plan Chapter 12, Sustainability and Resilience, of the City of Fontana General Plan focuses on sustainability and resilience on resource efficiency and planning for climate change. It includes policies for new development promoting energy-efficient development in Fontana, meeting state energy efficiency goals for new construction, promoting green building through guidelines, awards and nonfinancial incentives, and continuing to promote and implement best practices to conserve water (Stantec, 2018b, pp. 10.9, 12.5). SECTION 4.6 – ENERGY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.6-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Project design, construction, and operation would adhere to applicable federal, state, and local requirements for energy efficiency, including Title 24 standards and City of Fontana General Plan Chapter 12. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. SECTION 4.7 – GEOLOGY AND SOILS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.7-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.7 Geology and Soils Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: i)Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. X ii)Strong seismic ground shaking?X iii)Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction?X iv)Landslides?X b)Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil?X c)Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? X d)Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property? X e)Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water? X f)Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? X SECTION 4.7 – GEOLOGY AND SOILS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.7-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 a)Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: i)Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist- Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. Less than Significant Impact The Alquist-Priolo Zones Special Studies Act defines active faults as those that have experienced surface displacement or movement during the last 11,700 years (i.e., during the Holocene Period). The project site is located in the seismically active region of Southern California; however, the project site is not located within an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Hazard Zone (refer to Figure 4.7-1 below). Although the nearest fault is located about 2.3 miles away from the project site, the potential for damage due to surface rupture of a known active fault is very unlikely. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation would be required. ii)Strong seismic ground shaking? Less than Significant Impact The project site is in a seismically active region. Known active faults in the region include the San Jacinto Fault Zone, which is approximately two miles wide near the project site ranging from approximately two to four miles northeast of the project site; the Cucamonga Fault approximately two miles to the northwest; and the San Andreas Fault approximately 5.7 miles to the northeast (CGS, 2021). Strong ground shaking is likely to occur during the design lifetime of the proposed building and could pose risks to people onsite and to the building. The project applicant would have a geotechnical investigation conducted for the proposed project before preparation of project construction drawings and before the beginning of site grading. Requirements for geotechnical investigations are included in California Building Code (CBC) Section 1803, Geotechnical Investigations. Testing of samples from subsurface investigations is required, such as from borings or test pits. Studies must be done as needed to evaluate slope stability, soil strength, position and adequacy of load-bearing soils, the effect of moisture variation on load-bearing capacity, compressibility, liquefaction, differential settlement, and expansiveness. Geotechnical reports are required for issuance of grading permits under CBC Appendix J, Grading, Section J104. CBC Section 1705.6 sets forth requirements for geotechnical inspection and observation during and after grading. The CBC is updated on a three-year cycle; the 2019 CBC took effect on January 1, 2020. Compliance with recommendations of the geotechnical investigation report would be required as a condition of the grading permit to be issued by the City of Fontana. Structures for human occupancy must be designed to meet or exceed 2019 California Building Code (CBC) standards for earthquake resistance. The CBC contains provisions for earthquake safety based on factors including occupancy type, the types of soil and rock onsite, and the strength of ground motion with a specified probability at the site. The geotechnical investigation for the project would calculate seismic design parameters, pursuant to CBC requirements, that must be used in the design of the proposed building. SECTION 4.7 – GEOLOGY AND SOILS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.7-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.7-1 REGIONALLY ACTIVE FAULTS SECTION 4.7 – GEOLOGY AND SOILS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.7-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 The proposed project would comply with applicable state and local regulations, including current California Building Standards Code (Title 24, CCR), which would minimize the potential risks associated with strong seismic ground shaking. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation would be required. iii)Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? Less Than Significant Impact Liquefaction is the sudden decrease in the strength of cohesionless soils due to dynamic or cyclic shaking. Saturated soils behave temporarily as a viscous fluid (liquefaction) and consequently lose their capacity to support the structures built on them. The potential for liquefaction decreases with increasing clay and gravel content but increases as the ground acceleration and duration of shaking increase. Liquefaction potential has been found to be the greatest where the groundwater level and loose sands occur within 50 feet of the ground surface. The project site is not in an area identified as susceptible to liquefaction by the City of Fontana Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP; Fontana, 2018). The geotechnical investigation report to be prepared for the proposed project would assess liquefaction potential in soils under the project site and provide any needed recommendations to minimize liquefaction hazards to the proposed building. Project development would not exacerbate liquefaction hazards, and impacts would be less than significant. No mitigation would be required. iv)Landslides? No Impact Landslides occur when the stability of the slope changes from a stable to an unstable condition. A change in the stability of a slope can be caused by a number of factors, acting together or alone. Natural causes of landslides include groundwater (pore water) pressure acting to destabilize the slope, loss of vegetative structure, erosion of the toe of a slope by rivers or ocean waves, weakening of a slope through saturation by snow melt or heavy rains, earthquakes adding loads to barely stable slopes, earthquake-caused liquefaction destabilizing slopes, and volcanic eruptions. The project site is not located within or adjacent to an area identified as susceptible to landslides in the City of Fontana LHMP (Fontana, 2018). Additionally, topography within the project site is relatively flat and there are no steep slopes or hills on the project site; the nearest hills are the San Gabriel Mountains, the foothills of which begin approximately 2.5 miles north of the project site (Google Earth Pro, 2021). Due to the relatively level nature of the site and surrounding areas, the potential for landslides to occur at the project site is considered negligible. Therefore, project development would not exacerbate landslide hazards and no impact would occur. b)Would the project result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? Less Than Significant Impact Construction The project site is currently undeveloped and construction on the project site could possibly lead to substantial soil erosion and loss of topsoil within and adjacent to the project site. Section 402 of the SECTION 4.7 – GEOLOGY AND SOILS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.7-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 federal Clean Water Act (CWA), as well as the state Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (Porter- Cologne) requires construction projects that may potentially result in soil erosion to implement best management practices (BMPs) to eliminate or reduce sediment and other pollutants in stormwater runoff. If one or more acres of soil would be disturbed, a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit is required to be obtained. NPDES permits establish enforceable limits on discharges, require effluent monitoring, designate reporting requirements, and require construction and post-construction BMPs to eliminate or reduce point and non-point source discharges of pollutants, including soil (SWRCB, 2021). As further detailed in Section 4.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, the project applicant would be required to obtain coverage under the Statewide General Construction Permit, issued by the State Water Resources Control Board, prior to project construction. The General Construction Permit would require the Legally Responsible Person (LRP), such as the project owner, to prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) prior to ground-disturbing construction activities to identify construction BMPs to eliminate or reduce soil erosion and pollutants in storm water, and non-storm water discharges (including soil erosion by wind) to storm water sewer systems and other drainages. Prior to NPDES permit issuance, the LRP would upload Permit Registration Documents (PRDs) to the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) online Stormwater Multi-Application and Report Tracking System (SMARTS). PRDs include a Notice of Intent (NOI), site map, risk assessment, SWPPP, post-construction water balance, annual fee, and signed certification statement by the LRP attesting to the validity of the information. These preventive measures during construction are intended to eliminate or reduce soil erosion. Therefore, construction- related impacts regarding soil erosion or the loss of top soil would be less than significant. Operation The project site is located within an area that is highly urbanized and has flat topography. Project operation is not expected to generate substantial soil erosion because at project completion the entire site would be developed with a building, pavement, and landscaped areas. The project applicant would be required to have a Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) developed for the proposed project in accordance with Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board Order No. RB8-2010-0036. The WQMP would specify source control BMPs and Low-Impact Development BMPs that the project would use to minimize pollution affecting municipal storm drainage systems, including soil erosion. Structural source control BMPs reduce the potential for pollutants to enter runoff; examples include roof runoff controls, efficient irrigation, and storm drain system signage. Low-impact development BMPs that may be applicable to the proposed project include minimizing impervious areas; disconnecting impervious areas; infiltration; stormwater harvest and use; and bioretention and biofiltration. Therefore, the potential for substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil would be less than significant. SECTION 4.7 – GEOLOGY AND SOILS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.7-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 c)Would the project be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? Less than Significant Impact The potential impact of landslides, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction and collapse is discussed below. Landslides Project development would not exacerbate hazards arising from landslides, as substantiated above in Section 4.7.a.iv. Lateral Spreading Lateral spreading is the rapid downslope movement of surface sediment, in a fluid-like flow, due to liquefaction in a subsurface layer. The geotechnical investigation report will assess liquefaction potential in subsurface site soils and provide any needed recommendations to minimize hazards from both liquefaction and seismic ground failure consequent to liquefaction (lateral spreading). Project design and project construction would implement any relevant recommendations. Therefore, impacts from lateral spreading would be less than significant. Subsidence The major cause of ground subsidence is the excessive withdrawal of groundwater. Soils with high silt or clay content are particularly susceptible to subsidence. The project site is in an area of land subsidence mapped by the US Geological Survey (USGS, 2021). The project geotechnical investigation would assess the potential for ground subsidence onsite and would provide any needed recommendations. Project design and project construction would implement any relevant recommendations. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. Liquefaction As detailed above, the project site is not in an area identified in the City of Fontana LHMP as susceptible to liquefaction. The project geotechnical investigation would assess liquefaction in soils under the project site and provide any needed recommendations to minimize liquefaction hazards to the proposed building. Impacts would be less than significant. Collapse Collapsible soils consist of loose, dry, low-density materials that collapse and compact with the addition of water or excessive loading. These soils are distributed throughout the southwestern United States, specifically in areas of young alluvial fans, debris flow sediments, and wind-blown sediment deposits. Soil collapse occurs when the land surface is saturated at depths greater than those reached by typical rain events. This saturation eliminates the clay bonds holding the soil grains together. Similar to expansive soils, collapsible soils result in structural damage such as cracking of the foundation, floors, and walls. The project geotechnical investigation will assess the suitability of site soils for supporting the proposed building. The geotechnical investigation report is expected to recommend removal of soils unsuitable for supporting the building and replacement by engineered, SECTION 4.7 – GEOLOGY AND SOILS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.7-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 moistened, and compacted fill soils. Impacts would be less than significant after implementation of recommendations in the geotechnical investigation report. d)Would the project be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial risks to life or property? Less than Significant Impact Expansive soils shrink and swell with changes in soil moisture. Soil moisture may change from landscape irrigation, rainfall, and utility leakage. Repeated changes in soil volume due to water content fluctuations may compromise structure foundations. Expansive soils are commonly very fine-grained with high to very high percentages of clay. Design provisions such as adequate reinforcements, deeper foundations or other measures may help alleviate the effects of soil expansion but may not completely eliminate the problem. Expansive soils could be present under the project site, and project development could subject people and the proposed building to hazards arising from expansive soils. The proposed project would comply with applicable state and local regulations, including the current California Building Standards Code (Title 24, CCR), which would minimize the potential risks associated with expansive soils. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation would be required. e)Would the project have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water? No Impact The proposed project would not include septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems. For this reason, no impacts associated with septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems would occur. f)Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated The project site boundary is underlain by alluvial gravel and sand of valley areas (Qa), composed of boulder gravel near mountains, grading outward to finer gravel and sand (Dibblee and Minch, 2003). Several fossil localities in the project region represented in the collection of the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum are listed below in Table 4.7-1. Fossils could be present in site soils. Project site preparation, grading, and construction could damage fossils. This impact would be significant. In the event of an unexpected discovery, implementation of mitigation measure GEO-1 would ensure paleontological resources or unique geologic features are not significantly affected. Table 4.7-1 FOSSIL LOCALITIES IN THE PROJECT REGION SECTION 4.7 – GEOLOGY AND SOILS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.7-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Locality No.Location Depth Formation Taxa LACM VP 1728 W of intersection of English Rd & Peyton Dr, Chino 15-20 ft bgs Unknown (light brown shale with interbeds of very coarse brown sand; Pleistocene) Horse (Equus), camel (Camelops) LACM VP 7508 Near intersection of Vellano Club Dr. and Palmero Dr., Oakcrest Development; N of Serrano Canyon Unknown Unknown formation (Pleistocene) Ground sloth (Nothrotheriops); elephant family (Proboscidea); horse (Equus) LACM VP 7268, 7271 Sundance Condominiums, S of Los Serranos Golf Course Unknown Unknown (Pleistocene) Horse (Equus) LACM VP 7811 W of Orchard Park, Chino Valley 9-11 feet bgs Unknown formation (eolian, tan silt; Pleistocene) Whip snake (Masticophis) LACM VP 1207 Hill on east side of sewage disposal plant; 1 mile N-NW of Corona Unknown Unknown formation (Pleistocene) Bovidae Source: Los Angeles County Natural History Museum (LACM), 2021 Mitigation Measure MM GEO-1 Before the beginning of project construction, the project applicant shall retain a qualified paleontologist to remain on-call for the duration of project ground disturbance activities. If paleontological resources are uncovered during project construction, the contractor shall halt construction activities in the immediate area and notify the City. The on-call paleontologist shall be notified and afforded the necessary time and funds to recover and analyze the finds; and curate the find(s) with an accredited repository for paleontological resources. Subsequently, the monitor shall remain onsite for the duration of the ground disturbance to ensure the protection of any other resources that are found during construction on the project site. Level of Significance After Mitigation With implementation of mitigation measure GEO-1 above, potential impacts related to paleontological resources would be less than significant. SECTION 4.8 – GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.8-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? X b)Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? X 4.8.1 GHG Constituents Introduction Constituent gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere are called greenhouse gases, analogous to the way a greenhouse retains heat. GHGs play a critical role in the Earth’s radiation budget by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface, which would otherwise escape into space. Without the natural heat-trapping effect of GHG, the Earth’s surface would be about 34°F cooler. This natural phenomenon, known as the “Greenhouse Effect,” is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate. However, anthropogenic emissions of these GHGs, more than natural ambient concentrations, are responsible for the enhancement of the greenhouse effect, and have led to a trend of unnatural warming of the Earth’s natural climate known as global warming or climate change (CalEPA, 2006). Greenhouse Gases GHGs are defined under the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32) as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).12 Associated with each GHG species is a “global warming potential” (GWP), which is a value used to compare the abilities of different GHGs to trap heat in the atmosphere. GWPs are based on the heat-absorbing ability of each gas relative to that of CO2, as well as the decay rate of each gas (the amount removed from the atmosphere over a given number of years). The GWPs of CH4 and N2O are 25 and 298, respectively (GMI, 2015). “Carbon dioxide equivalent” (CO2e) emissions are calculated by weighting each GHG compound’s emissions by its GWP and then summing the products. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a clear, colorless, and odorless gas consisting of molecules made up of two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. Fossil fuel combustion is the main human-related source of CO2 emissions; electricity generation and transportation are first and second in the amount of CO2 emissions, respectively. Carbon dioxide is the basis of GWP, and thus has a GWP of 1. 12 http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/05-06/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_32_bill_20060927_chaptered.pdf. SECTION 4.8 – GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.8-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Methane (CH4) is a clear, colorless gas, and is the main component of natural gas. Anthropogenic sources of CH4 are fossil fuel production, biomass burning, waste management, and mobile and stationary combustion of fossil fuel. Wetlands are responsible for most of the natural CH4 emissions (USEPA, 2021f). As mentioned above, within a 100-year period CH4 is 25 times more effective in trapping heat than is CO2. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a colorless, clear gas, with a slightly sweet odor. N2O has both natural and human- related sources and is removed from the atmosphere mainly by photolysis or breakdown by sunlight, in the stratosphere. The main human-related sources of N2O in the United States are agricultural soil management (synthetic nitrogen fertilization), mobile and stationary combustion of fossil fuel, adipic acid production, and nitric acid production. Nitrous oxide is also produced from a wide range of biological sources in soil and water (USEPA, 2021f). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), within a 100-year span, N2O is 298 times more effective in trapping heat than is CO2 (IPCC, 2007). 4.8.2 Thresholds of Significance The City of Fontana does not have an adopted threshold of significance for GHG emissions, but for CEQA purposes, it has discretion to select an appropriate significance criterion, based on substantial evidence. To provide guidance to local lead agencies on determining significance for GHG emissions in their CEQA documents, the SCAQMD Board adopted an Interim CEQA GHG Significance Threshold (SCAQMD, 2008). The City has selected this value as a significance criterion which has been supported by substantial evidence. The 3,000-MTCO2e-per-year threshold is based on a 90% emission “capture” rate methodology. Prior to its use by the SCAQMD, the 90% emissions capture approach was one of the options suggested by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) in its CEQA & Climate Change white paper (2008). A 90% emission capture rate means that unmitigated GHG emissions from the top 90 percent of all GHG-producing projects within a geographic area – the SCAB in this instance – would be subject to a detailed analysis of potential environmental impacts from GHG emissions, while the bottom 10 percent of all GHG-producing projects would be excluded from detailed analysis. A GHG significance threshold based on a 90% emission capture rate is appropriate to address the long-term adverse impacts associated with global climate change because medium and large projects will be required to implement measures to reduce GHG emissions, while small projects, which are generally infill development projects that are not the focus of the State’s GHG reduction targets, are allowed to proceed. Further, a 90% emission capture rate sets the emission threshold low enough to capture a substantial proportion of future development projects and demonstrate that cumulative emissions reductions are being achieved while setting it high enough to exclude small projects that will, in aggregate, contribute approximate 1% of projected statewide GHG emissions in the Year 2050 (SCAQMD, 2008, p. 4). In setting the threshold at 3,000 MTCO2e per year, SCAQMD researched a database of projects kept by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR). That database contained 798 projects, 87 of which were removed because they were very large and/or outliers that would skew emissions values too high, leaving 711 as the sample population to use in determining the 90th-percentile capture rate. The SCAQMD analysis of the 711 projects within the sample population combined commercial, residential, and mixed-use projects. It should be noted that the sample of projects included warehouses and other light industrial land uses but did not include industrial processes (i.e., oil refineries, heavy manufacturing, electric generating stations, mining operations, etc.). Emissions from each of these projects were calculated by the SCAQMD to provide a consistent SECTION 4.8 – GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.8-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 method of emissions calculations across the sample population and from projects within the sample population. In calculating the emissions, the SCAQMD analysis determined that the 90th percentile ranged between 2,983 to 3,143 MTCO2e per year. The SCAQMD set its significance threshold at the low end of the range when rounded to the nearest hundred tons of emissions (i.e., 3,000 MTCO2e per year) to define small projects that are considered less than significant and do not need to provide further analysis. The City understands that the 3,000-MTCO2e-per-year threshold for residential/commercial uses was proposed by the SCAQMD a decade ago and was adopted as an interim policy; however, no permanent, superseding policy or threshold has since been adopted. The 3,000-MTCO2e-per-year threshold was developed and recommended by the SCAQMD, an expert agency, based on substantial evidence as provided in the Draft Guidance Document – Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas Significance Threshold (2008) and subsequent Working Group meetings (the latest of which occurred in 2010). The SCAQMD has not withdrawn its support of the interim threshold and all documentation supporting the interim threshold remains on the SCAQMD website on a page that provides guidance to CEQA practitioners for air quality analysis (and where all SCAQMD significance thresholds for regional and local criteria pollutants and toxic air contaminants also are listed). Further, as stated by the SCAQMD, this threshold “uses the Executive Order S-3-05 goal [80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050] as the basis for deriving the screening level” and, thus, remains valid for use in 2022 (SCAQMD, 2008, pp. 3-4). Lastly, this threshold has been used for hundreds, if not thousands, of GHG analyses performed for projects located within the SCAQMD’s jurisdiction. Thus, for purposes of analysis in this EIR, if Project-related GHG emissions do not exceed the 3,000- MTCO2e-per-year threshold, then Project-related GHG emissions would clearly have a less-than-significant impact pursuant to Threshold “a.” On the other hand, if Project-related GHG emissions exceed 3,000 MTCO2e per year, the Project would be considered a substantial source of GHG emissions. 4.8.3 Analysis a)Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? Less Than Significant Impact Methodology GHG emissions would come from both construction and operation of the proposed project. Construction of the project would result in temporary emissions of GHGs from fuel combustion by onsite construction equipment and by onroad vehicle traffic (i.e., worker commute and delivery truck trips). Operational direct GHG emissions would come from onroad mobile sources and onsite area sources, such as landscaping. Indirect GHG emissions would come from energy use, water supply, wastewater, and solid waste.13 A detailed summary of the assumptions and the model data used to estimate the project’s potential GHG emissions are provided in Appendix B. Short-term GHG emissions are those construction emissions that do not recur over the life of the project. The major construction phases included in this analysis are grading, building construction, and paving. Emissions are from offroad construction equipment and onroad travel, such as worker 13 Indirect emission sources are those for which the project is responsible, but which are not located at the project site. SECTION 4.8 – GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.8-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 commuting; vendor deliveries; and truck hauling of soil, building materials and construction and demolition waste. Other GHG emissions would occur continually after buildout. GHGs are emitted from buildings because of activities for which electricity and natural gas are typically used as energy sources. Combustion of carbon- based fuel emits CO2 and other GHGs directly into the atmosphere; these emissions are considered direct emissions. The project’s primary direct source of annual GHG emissions will be onroad mobile sources. GHGs are also emitted during the generation of electricity from fossil fuels; when produced offsite, these emissions are indirectly associated with the project. Indirect GHG emissions also result from the production of electricity used to convey, treat, and distribute water and wastewater. A final indirect GHG emission source is decomposition of organic waste that is generated by the project and transported to landfills. Temporary construction and long-term operational GHG emissions from the project’s onsite and offsite project activities were calculated using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod), Version 2020.4.0 (CAPCOA, 2021). CalEEMod is a planning tool for estimating emissions related to land use projects. Operational emissions consider area emissions, such as space heating, from energy use associated with land uses, and from the vehicle trips associated with the land uses. To assess the overall lifetime project GHG emissions, the SCAQMD developed an Interim Guidance (SCAQMD, 2008, p. 3-10) that recommends that construction emissions should be amortized over the life of the project, defined in the guidance as 30 years. Annualized GHG emissions are then added to the operational emissions and the sum is compared to the applicable interim GHG significance threshold. Table 4.8-1 gives a detailed breakdown of the results of the GHG emissions analysis for both direct and indirect related sources. Table 4.8-1 UNMITIGATED ANNUAL GHG EMISSIONS, 2019 AND BEYOND (Emissions in metric tons, or MT) Category CO2e (MT/year) Direct – (Amortized Construction)7.16 Direct – Mobile (Operational)228.39 Direct – Purchased Natural Gas 11.05 Direct – Area Source <0.01 Indirect – Purchased Electricity (Power)57.53 Indirect – Purchased Electricity (Water)106.90 Direct – Fugitive – Solid Waste 48.40 TOTAL 459 Construction Construction is an episodic, temporary source of GHG emissions. Emissions are generally associated with the operation of construction equipment and the disposal of construction waste. To be consistent with the guidance from the SCAQMD for calculating criteria pollutants from construction activities, only GHG emissions from onsite construction activities and offsite hauling and construction worker commuting are considered as project-generated. As explained by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) in its 2008 white paper (CAPCOA, 2008), the information needed to characterize GHG emissions from manufacture, transport, and end-of-life of construction SECTION 4.8 – GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.8-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 materials would be speculative at the CEQA analysis level. CEQA does not require an evaluation of speculative impacts (CEQA Guidelines § 15145). Therefore, the construction analysis does not consider such GHG emissions, but does consider non-speculative onsite construction activities, and offsite hauling and construction worker trips. All GHG emissions are identified on an annual basis. The proposed project would include the construction and operation of a 102,380-square-foot warehouse building. Each construction phase involves the use of a different mix of construction equipment and therefore has its own distinct GHG emissions characteristics. A generalized construction schedule was supplied by the applicant. CalEEMod defaults were used otherwise. Construction emissions occur both onsite and offsite. Onsite air pollutant emissions consist principally of exhaust emissions from offroad heavy-duty construction equipment. Offsite emissions result from workers commuting to and from the job site, as well as from vendors and visitors to the site. CalEEMod estimated construction GHG emissions to be 214.7 MT of CO2e. The 30-year amortized value is 7.16 MT per year. Operation Total unmitigated operational CO2e emissions from the project would be 452 MT of CO2e per year. Mobile sources account for about 50.5% of these emissions. With the addition of the amortized construction emissions, the total project GHG emissions would be 459 MT of CO2e per year, which is less than the significance threshold of 3,000 MT of CO2e per year. Therefore, GHG emissions would be less than significant, and no mitigation is necessary. b)Would the project conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? Less than Significant Impact The City of Fontana does not have an adopted climate action plan. An approach to identifying potential conflict with GHG reduction plans, policies, or regulations is to examine General Plan provisions that prescribe or enable GHG emissions control. The EIR for the General Plan Update (Stantec, 2018b, Table 5.6-7) lists policies in the General Plan Update that reduce GHG emissions and help to quantify emissions reductions. However, the policies prescribe actions to be taken by the City, and not measures to be implemented by a project proponent. Nevertheless, the proposed project would not conflict with any of the GHG emission reduction policies. Furthermore, the EIR determined that implementation of the updated general plan will result in significantly lower GHG emissions from Fontana than would continuation of the 2003 General Plan (Stantec, 2018b, Table 5.6-6). As was demonstrated in Section 4.11, the proposed project would have no impacts in relation to consistency with local land use plans, policies, or regulations with the implementation of the General Plan land use and zoning designation amendment. Therefore, the project would not hinder the GHG emission reductions of the General Plan Update. Finally, as noted in Section 3.2.1, buildings would be designed to comply with the provisions of the California Green Building Code, Title 24, Part 11 of the California Code of Regulations. As noted in Section 3.3.4, the proposed project would comply with the requirements of Fontana Municipal Code §§ 30-260, 30-265, and 30-266 with wall-mounted light-emitting diode (LED) lighting fixtures. Additionally, as noted in Section 3.2.5, new landscaping would include drought-resistant species including trees, tall shrubs, low shrubs and groundcovers; and energy-efficient features, including insulated and glazed windows with low- E coating. These project features would assist the City in meeting its GHG emission reduction targets. SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.9-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? X b)Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? X c)Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? X d)Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? X e)For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area? X f)Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? X g)Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires? X The analysis in this section is based in part upon the RecCheck report prepared by Environmental Record Search, dated November 20, 2021 (refer to Appendix G). The RecCheck presents information based on hazards databases to determine if the project site contains potential hazardous materials. SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.9-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 a)Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Based on the RecCheck report, the project site contains no potential areas of concern/contamination (Environmental Records Search, 2021, p. 3-4). Construction Transportation of hazardous materials/waste is regulated by California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 26. The California Highway Patrol (CHP) and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) enforce federal and state regulations and respond to hazardous materials transportation emergencies. Emergency responses are coordinated as necessary among federal, state and local governmental authorities and private persons through a state-mandated Emergency Response Plan. Due to the significant short-term risks to public health and the environment associated with hazardous waste management during transportation of wastes, specific Commercial Hazardous Waste Shipping Routes are designated with the intent of minimizing the distance that wastes are transported and the proximity to vulnerable locations. Construction of the proposed 102,380-square-foot warehouse would involve transport, storage, and use of hazardous materials such as fuels, oils, greases, chemical agents, solvents, paints, fertilizers, and pesticides. Chemical transport, storage, and use would comply with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA); Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); California hazardous waste control law; California Division of Safety and Health (DOSH); South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), and the City of Fontana Fire Protection District requirements. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations would ensure that impacts associated with routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials during project construction would be less than significant. Operation At the time this IS/MND was prepared, the future tenant(s) of the proposed building were unknown. For the purpose of environmental analysis, the future uses onsite are assumed to be any of those uses permitted by the City of Fontana’s General Plan land use designation of General Commercial (C-G), and the City’s Municipal Code. During operations, the future tenant may require the routine transportation and handling of hazardous materials can result in accidental spills, leaks, toxic releases, fire, or explosion. The residences closest to the project site are located along Sierra Avenue, approximately 143 feet west of the project site, and another neighborhood along Sierra Avenue, approximately 385 feet southwest of the project site (Google Earth Pro, 2021). Since hazardous materials must not be transported through existing residential areas, the tenant would propose routes that are surrounded primarily by existing industrial land uses. The project site is surrounded by a majority of industrial land uses, and is located along a portion of Sierra Avenue that has a large concentration of industrial land uses within the city. Therefore, if any accidental releases of hazardous materials were to occur, they are anticipated to occur in the primarily industrial areas and along roads leading to and from the project site. Further, proper documentation would be required to identify which hazardous materials would be transported and which routes they would be transported along. As such, MM SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.9-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 HAZ-1 (see below) would be implemented to ensure that the future tenant would provide proper hazardous materials transportation information. The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) Office of Hazardous Materials Safety prescribes strict regulations for the safe transportation of hazardous materials, as described in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and implemented by Title 13 of the CFR. Appropriate documentation would be provided for all hazardous waste that is transported, as required by existing hazardous materials regulations. Chapter 6.95 of the California Health and Safety Code requires businesses that handle more than a specified amount of hazardous materials onsite to submit a Hazardous Materials Business Plan to firefighters, health officials, planners, public safety officers, health care providers, regulatory agencies, and other interested persons. The business plan must include an inventory of the hazardous materials handled, facility floor plans showing where hazardous materials are stored, an emergency response plan, and provisions for employee safety and emergency response training. In addition to the suggested mitigation measure, the future tenant would be required to comply with existing regulations, standards, and guidelines established by the US Environmental Protection Agency, State of California, County of San Bernardino, and City of Fontana related to storage, use, and disposal of hazardous materials, which would reduce the potential risk of hazardous materials exposure to a level that is less than significant. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measure would be adopted to minimize or avoid impacts related to routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials: MM HAZ-1 In the event that the future tenant will handle hazardous materials above the reportable quantity threshold, the lease agreement with the future tenant shall require the tenant, in coordination with the City of Fontana, to identify routes along which hazardous materials may routinely be transported. If essential facilities such as schools, hospitals, child care centers or other facilities with special evacuation needs are located along these routes, the tenant shall develop an emergency response plan that can be implemented in the event of an unauthorized release of hazardous materials. The recommendations of the Emergency Response Plan would be included in the lease agreement (signed by the tenant) as mandatory measures required to be implemented by the tenant. Level of Significance After Mitigation In addition to compliance with established regulatory framework, compliance with mitigation measure HAZ-1 would ensure that transportation of hazardous materials to and from the project site would have less than significant impacts. SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.9-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 b)Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Construction As mentioned above, the RecCheck report found no potential areas of concern/contamination on the project site (Environmental Records Search, 2021, p. 3-4). Additionally, the construction of the proposed project would adhere to applicable federal, state and local regulations in regard to the safe handling and transportation of hazardous materials during construction. The construction contractor would maintain equipment and supplies onsite for containing and cleaning up small spills of hazardous materials and would train construction workers on such containment and cleanup. In the event of a release of hazardous materials of quantity and/or toxicity that onsite construction workers could not safely contain and clean up, the project proponent would notify the County of San Bernardino County Fire Department – Hazardous Materials Division immediately. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant during construction. Operation As the future tenant(s) of the proposed project are not known at this time, there is a potential that the proposed project could create a significant hazard to the public or the environment during operation through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment. Typical incidents that could result in accidental release of hazardous materials involve: leaking storage tanks; spills during transport; inappropriate storage; inappropriate use; and/or natural disasters. Accidental releases such as these could cause contamination of soil, surface water, groundwater, and toxic fumes. Depending on the nature and extent of the contamination, groundwater supplies could become unsuitable for use as a domestic water source. Human exposure to contaminated soil or water could have potential health effects depending on a variety of factors, including the nature of the contaminant and the degree of exposure. Chemicals and wastes stored in aboveground or underground storage tanks would follow guidelines mandated by the federal and state agencies. Aboveground tanks storing hazardous chemicals would have secondary containment to collect fluids that are accidentally released. Underground storage tanks and connecting piping would be double-walled and would have monitoring devices with alarms installed to constantly monitor for unauthorized releases in accordance with federal and state standards. Applicable existing standards include the Cal/OSHA operational requirements, California Health and Safety Code § 25270.7, and Fontana Fire Protection District regulations regarding the installation and operation of underground tanks. These existing measures would minimize impacts to a less than significant level. Transportation of hazardous materials could result in accidental spills, leaks, toxic releases, fire, or explosion, and there is a potential for licensed vendors to transport hazardous materials to and from the project site. As discussed previously, the proposed project is subject to compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws (including Title 49 of the CFR) and regulations pertaining to the transport, use, disposal, handling, and storage of hazardous waste. Additionally, with the implementation of mitigation measures HAZ-1, the future tenant would coordinate with the city to SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.9-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 ensure that transportation, handling and use of hazardous materials would create less than significant impacts. Therefore, with compliance with these regulations and MM HAZ-1, the proposed project would reduce the likelihood and severity of accidents during transit, thereby ensuring that potential impacts would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures Refer to mitigation measure HAZ-1 above. Level of Significance After Mitigation In addition to compliance with established regulatory framework, compliance with mitigation measure HAZ-1 would to ensure that potentially significant impacts regarding the accidental release of hazardous materials would be less than significant with the implementation of mitigation measures. c)Would the project emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? No Impact No schools are located within 0.25 mile of the project site. The closest school to the project site is Sierra Lakes Elementary School, located at 5740 Avenal Place, approximately 0.90 mile southwest of the project site (Google Earth Pro, 2021). The project would not be within 0.25 mile of an existing or a proposed school; therefore, no impacts to schools would occur and mitigation is not required. d)Would the project be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code § 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? No Impact Government Code § 65962.5 requires the Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) to compile and update, at least annually, lists of the following: Hazardous waste and substances sites from the DTSC EnviroStor database. Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) sites by county and fiscal year in the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) GeoTracker database. Solid waste disposal sites identified by SWRCB with waste constituents above hazardous waste levels outside waste management units. SWRCB Cease and Desist Orders (CDOs) and Cleanup and Abatement Orders (CAOs). Hazardous waste facilities subject to corrective action pursuant to § 25187.5 of the Health and Safety Code, identified by DTSC. SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.9-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 These lists are collectively referred to as the “Cortese List.” The project site is not listed in the Cortese List and there would be no impacts (CalEPA, 2021). e)For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area? No Impact The closest public airport to the project site is the Ontario International Airport, located approximately 11.6 miles southwest of the project site. No portion of the project site lies within the 65-dBA CNEL noise contours of that airport (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.10-3). Therefore, project development would not expose people residing or working in the project area to a safety hazard or excessive noise levels associated with airports and no impact would occur. f)Would the project impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Construction The project would comply with applicable City regulations, such as City’s Fire Code in regard to providing adequate emergency access, as well as the California Building Standards Code. Prior to the issuance of building permits, the City of Fontana would review project site plans, including location of all buildings, fences, access driveways and other features that may affect emergency access. Fire lanes would be provided for adequate emergency access. The site design for the proposed project includes access and fire lanes that would accommodate emergency ingress and egress by fire trucks, police units, and ambulance/paramedic vehicles. All onsite access and sight-distance requirements would be in accordance with city and Caltrans design requirements. The City’s review process and compliance with applicable regulations and standards would ensure that adequate emergency access would be provided at the project site at all times. Additionally, as discussed in Section 4.17, Transportation and Traffic, the City requires preparation and implementation of a Traffic Management Plan (TMP) for all projects that require construction in the public right-of-way (ROW). The TMP must be reviewed and approved by the City’s Traffic Engineer prior to the start of construction activity in the public ROW. The typical TMP requires such things as the installation of K-rail between the construction area and open traffic lanes, the use of flagmen and directional signage to direct traffic where only one travel lane is available or when equipment movement creates temporary hazards, and the installation of steel plates to cover trenches under construction. Emergency access must be maintained. Therefore, the proposed project would implement mitigation measure TRANS-1. With implementation of mitigation measure TRANS-1, impacts in regard to emergency access during construction would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures Refer to mitigation measure TRANS-1 in Section 4.17. SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.9-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Level of Significance After Mitigation After implementation of mitigation measure TRANS-1 above, the project would have less than significant construction-phase impacts on emergency access. Operation City of Fontana Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The purpose of the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) is to provide a plan for reducing and/or eliminating risk in the City of Fontana. The goals of the LHMP are to: protect life, property, and the environment; improve public awareness; protect the continuity of government; and improve emergency management preparedness, collaboration and outreach. The LHMP states that interstates would serve as major emergency response and evacuation routes (City of Fontana, 2017a, p. 124). The proposed project would not be adjacent to any interstates; therefore, the proposed project would not interfere with the City of Fontana’s emergency response and evacuation routes. Additionally, as mentioned above, the proposed project design would undergo a site design review to ensure that there would be adequate emergency ingress and egress within the project site. Therefore, project development would have less than significant impacts on emergency and evacuation plans. g)Would the project expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires? No Impact The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) developed Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) for State Responsibility Areas (SRA) and Very High FHSZ Local Responsibility Areas (LRA). As shown on Figure 4.9-1 Fire Hazard Severity Zone – State Responsibility Area and Figure 4.9-2, Fire Hazard Severity Zone – Local Responsibility Area, the project site is not located within either an SRA FHSZ or a Very High FHSZ in LRA for San Bernardino County (CAL FIRE, 2021). The State of California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection has created, and continues to revise, a map of all FHSZ within the state, including those in the City. The “Very High FHSZ” can be used to enforce enhanced regulations from the State Fire Marshal published within the California Building Code that relate to ignition- and ember-resistive building construction. The proposed project site is located within an industrialized area, and is surrounded by development. The project site is not located adjacent to wildlands that may increase the risk of wildland fires. Additionally, the project would be developed in compliance with all applicable fire codes. Therefore, no impact would occur and no mitigation measures are required. SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.9-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.9-1 FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONE – STATE RESPONSIBILITY AREA SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.9-9 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.9-2 FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONE – LOCAL RESPONSIBILITY AREA SECTION 4.10 – HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.10-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.10 Hydrology and Water Quality Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality? X b)Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin? X c)Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: (i)Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or offsite;X (ii)substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or offsite; X (iii)create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; or X (iv)impede or redirect flood flows?X d)In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? X e)Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan? X SECTION 4.10 - HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.10-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 b)Would the project violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality? Less than Significant Impact The entire project site is undeveloped. Under existing conditions, stormwater runoff generated on the project site sheetflows across the site from east to west and discharges into the master storm drain system along Sierra Avenue. Through this inlet, water enters the underground storm drain system and discharges into San Sevaine Channel. San Sevaine Channel discharges into the Santa Ana River (Reach 3), which is a water of the U.S. (WOUS) (Allard Engineering, 2020, p. 4-10). Impacts related to water quality would occur during three different periods: (1) during the earthwork and construction phase, when the potential for erosion, siltation, and sedimentation would be the greatest; (2) following construction, prior to the establishment of ground cover in the landscaped areas, when the erosion potential may remain relatively high; and (3) following completion of the project, when impacts related to sedimentation would diminish, but those associated with urban runoff would increase. Construction Pollutant Controls The project owner would be required by the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) to obtain coverage under a General Permit for Discharges of Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity (Construction General Permit Order 2009-0009-DWQ, as authorized by § 402 CWA, NPDES for projects which will disturb one or more acres of soil during construction). The Construction General Permit requires potential dischargers of pollutants into WOUS to prepare a site-specific Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), which establishes enforceable limits on discharges, requires effluent monitoring, designates reporting requirements, and requires construction BMPs to reduce or eliminate point and non-point source discharges of pollutants. Additionally, BMPs must be maintained, inspected before and after each precipitation event, and repaired or replaced as necessary. Because the project is required by the SWRCB to comply with all applicable conditions of Construction General Permit Order 2009-0009-DWQ, potential violations of water quality standards or waste discharge requirements during project construction would be less than significant. Operational Pollutant Controls The San Bernardino County NPDES Permit (NPDES No. CAS618036) and Waste Discharge Requirements Area-Wide Urban Storm Water Runoff Management Program regulates, through Order No. R8-2010-0036, the discharge of pollutants into WOUS through stormwater and urban runoff conveyance systems, including flood control facilities. These conveyance systems are commonly referred to as municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s), or storm drains. In this context, the NPDES Permit is also referred to as an MS4 Permit. Pursuant to the MS4 Permit, Principal Permittees (i.e., the San Bernardino County Flood Control District) and Co-Permittees (the City of Fontana is a Co-Permittee) must regulate discharges of pollutants in urban runoff from man-made sources into storm water conveyance systems within their jurisdiction. New development and redevelopment can significantly increase pollutant loads in stormwater and urban runoff, because increased population density results in proportionately higher levels of vehicle SECTION 4.10 - HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.10-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 emissions, vehicle maintenance wastes, municipal sewage wastes, household hazardous wastes, fertilizers, pet waste, trash, and other pollutants (RWQCB, 2010). The San Bernardino County MS4 Permit requires new development and significant redevelopment projects to incorporate post-construction low-impact development BMPs into project design to comply with the local Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) to reduce or eliminate the quantity, and improve the quality of, stormwater being discharged from the project site. A preliminary WQMP (Allard Engineering, 2020; for details, refer to the grading and WQMP included in Appendix I of this document) has been prepared for the proposed project site and is included herein as Appendix I. The MS4 and the associated WQMP require the implementation of Low Impact Development (LID) features to ensure that most stormwater runoff is treated and retained onsite. The project WQMP includes structural BMPs, such as stenciling and signage for the storm drain system; design and construct trash and waste storage areas to reduce pollution introduction; use efficient irrigation systems and landscape design, water conservation, smart controllers, and source control; and finish grade of landscaped areas at a minimum of one to two inches below top of curb, sidewalk, or pavement. Additionally, the proposed project would include LIDs such as minimizing impervious areas, maximizing infiltration capacity, and preserving the existing drainage patterns to mitigate the impacts of runoff and stormwater pollution as close to the source as possible. These facilities are highly effective at removing water pollutants such as sediment, nutrients, trash, metals, bacteria, oil and grease, and organic compounds while reducing the volume and intensity of stormwater flow leaving a site (Allard Engineering, 2020, p. 4-15 to 4-17). The WQMP may also include non-structural source control BMPs including BMP maintenance, local water quality ordinances, spill contingency plan, litter/debris control program, employee training, catch basin inspection program, vacuum sweeping of private streets and parking lots, and complying with all applicable NPDES permits (Allard Engineering, 2020, p. 4-13 to 4-14). With implementation of construction and operational BMPs, potential impacts to water quality would be less than significant and mitigation is not proposed. h)Would the project substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin? Less Than Significant Impact The proposed project would be within the service area of the West Valley Water District (WVWD). WVWD participates in the San Bernardino Valley Regional Urban Water Management Plan; this Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is a tool that provides a summary of anticipated supplies and demands for the years 2020 to 2045 (Water Systems Consulting Inc., 2021). Regional water supply to WVWD is provided through imported from the California State Water Project (SWP), which is the largest state-built, multi-purpose water project in the country (Water Systems Consulting Inc., 2021, p. 10-14). Local precipitation that runs off as surface water and local precipitation that soaks into the ground, called “groundwater”, meets about 60% of the regional demand in an average year (Water Systems Consulting Inc., 2021, p. 10-15). The project lies within the Rialto-Colton Subbasin Sub basin Area (Water Systems Consulting Inc., 2021, p. 3-19). The Basin is managed through implementation of the Rialto Basin Decree, the Rialto Basin Settlement SECTION 4.10 - HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.10-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Agreement, and the Western Judgment. Per the Rialto Basin Decree, WVWD has a 6,104 AFY of extraction rights (Water Systems Consulting Inc., 2021, p. 3-24). WVWD has anticipated the future water demands such as the proposed project and concludes that they would be able to provide adequate water supply for normal, dry, and multiple dry years (Water Systems Consulting Inc., 2021, pp. 10-22, -26, and -27). Additionally, the WVWD would implement a water shortage contingency plan that is separated into four stages of water rationing. In each of the water rationing stages, there are different restrictions that would limit the use of water use such as landscaping, construction water use, maintenance of leaking pipes, etc. (Water Systems Consulting Inc., 2021, p. 10-30). Therefore, the proposed project would have less than significant impacts regarding groundwater supplies. While the project would result in a decrease in pervious surface area compared to existing conditions, the relatively small size of the proposed project site limits its potential to contribute to groundwater recharge to the Rialto-Colton Sub-basin. Regardless, the proposed project would implement LID measures that would maximize the volume of stormwater runoff that would be captured and allowed to infiltrate the soil to add to groundwater recharge. These LID measures are discussed above in Section 4.10 a), Operational Pollutant Controls, and are described in detail and illustrated in the WQMP (Allard Engineering, 2020), located in Appendix I. The proposed project would not substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge, or impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin. Project-related impacts would be less than significant, and no mitigation is proposed. i)Would the project substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: i)Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or offsite; Less Than Significant Impact The proposed project site is situated on relatively level ground and ephemeral, intermittent, or perennial streams or rivers were not observed during the biological survey conducted for the project. As detailed in Section 4.10 a), the project owner would be required to develop a SWPPP by a certified qualified SWPPP developer. The required SWPPP would be project-specific and would prescribe site-specific stormwater BMPs which would be intended to minimize or avoid having soil leave the project site, through either stormwater or wind, and thus minimize or avoid soil erosion onsite and siltation in receiving waters. With implementation of a project-specific SWPPP and proper maintenance and replacement of required stormwater BMPs (as necessary), potential impacts resulting in substantial erosion or siltation on- or offsite would be minimized or avoided, and impacts would be less than significant. No mitigation is proposed. SECTION 4.10 - HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.10-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 ii)Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or offsite; i)Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; Less than Significant Impact As detailed in the proposed project’s WQMP and in Section 4.10 a) above, the proposed project would incorporate operational LID BMPs in compliance with City of Fontana SUSMP permit requirements. The project proposes installation of a system of storm drains and catch basins that would convey stormwater to near the southwest corner of the project site and discharge into a proposed infiltration chamber that would have capacity of 21,555 cubic feet (cy). During heavy stormwater flows flow exceeding the capacity of the proposed infiltration system, stormwater would be discharged to a 66-inch reinforced concrete pipe storm drain in Sierra Avenue (Allard Engineering, 2020, p. 1-1). The MS4 and the project WQMP would require the implementation of water quality features to ensure that runoff is treated prior to discharge into native soils (infiltration), storm drains or other regional conveyance facilities, as described above. Therefore, upon adherence to existing state water quality requirements, including MS4 requirements, the proposed project would minimize or avoid causing a substantial increase in the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would: (1) result in flooding on- or offsite; (2) would not create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems, or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; or (3) create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. Impacts would be less than significant, and no mitigation is proposed. iv)Impede or redirect flood flows? No Impact FEMA has mapped the project site as Zone X (Areas determined to be outside the 0.2% chance (500-year) annual flood) (FEMA, 2008). Refer to Figure 4.10-1 below. Since the project site is above the 100- and 500-year floodplains, it is not anticipated that floodwaters would reach the project site, or that the proposed project would impede or redirect flood flows. Therefore, no impacts associated with flooding would occur, and no mitigation is proposed. SECTION 4.10 - HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.10-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.10-1 FEMA FIRM MAP SECTION 4.10 - HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.10-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 j)In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? No Impact As described in Section 4.10 iv) above, the proposed project site is above the 100-year and the 500-year flood hazard zones and it is not anticipated that the site would become inundated due to a flood. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by a sudden displacement of the ocean floor, most often due to earthquakes.. The project site is approximately 43 miles inland from the Pacific Ocean and at an elevation ranging from approximately 1,667 to 1,681 feet above mean sea level (amsl); and thus no tsunami flood hazard is present onsite. Therefore, it is not anticipated that the proposed project would become inundated due to a tsunami. A seiche is an oscillating wave caused by wind, tidal forces, earthquakes, landslides, and other phenomena in a closed or partially closed water body such as a river, lake, reservoir, pond, and other large inland water body. A review of aerial imagery (Google Earth, 2021) revealed no water bodies large enough to support a seiche within a five-mile radius of the proposed project site. Therefore, it is not anticipated that the proposed project would be inundated by a seiche. Per the County of San Bernardino General Plan Hazard Overlays map (County of San Bernardino, 2010), the project site is located outside of a dam inundation area. Additionally, the City of Fontana Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (City of Fontana, 2017, p. 37) states there is no major dam located upstream from the Fontana area; therefore, the city currently is not susceptible to dam inundation. Because of the project’s inland location, relatively flat topography, and lack of an adjacent body of water, the project site would not be at risk of flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche, and therefore would not be at risk of release of pollutants through inundation. No impact would occur, and no mitigation is proposed. k)Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan? No Impact As detailed in the WQMP prepared for the project and discussed in Section 4.10 a) above, stormwater would be retained onsite through LID infiltration BMPs (Allard Engineering, 2020). The project would be designed in compliance with all applicable City of Fontana regulations regarding stormwater runoff, as well as the San Bernardino County MS4 permit (Order No. R8-2010-0036, NPDES No. CAS618036) to which the City of Fontana is a signatory, and the LID capture and infiltration facilities would, through natural infiltration of soils, ensure that the water quality objectives of the San Bernardino Regional Water Quality Control Board’s (RWQCB) Water Quality Control Plan (Basin Plan; RWQCB, 1995) are met. It is not anticipated that the proposed project would conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan. The proposed project would not directly use groundwater but would buy water from the WVWD, as discussed in Section 4.10 b) above. WVWD participates in the San Bernardino Valley Regional Urban Water Management Plan. According to the San Bernardino Valley Regional 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, water supplies would meet the needs of the service area through 2045 when SECTION 4.10 - HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.10-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 considering normal, single dry year, and multiple dry years (SBVRUWMP, 2015, p. 11-24). Therefore, it is not anticipated that the proposed project would conflict with or obstruct implementation of a sustainable groundwater management plan. No project-related impacts related to conflict with or implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater plan are anticipated, and mitigation is not proposed. SECTION 4.11 – LAND USE AND PLANNING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.11-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.11 Land Use and Planning Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Physically divide an established community?X b)Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? X a)Would the project physically divide an established community? No Impact The proposed project is located on a vacant piece of land in the City of Fontana. The project site is predominantly surrounded by light industrial uses. The project site is surrounded by warehouses to the north, east and south, a construction site to the west and residential development to the southwest. The project would introduce a new warehouse, which would be similar to existing nearby land uses. Additionally, the project would not divide existing public spaces in the vicinity of the site or extend beyond the project site’s boundaries. Furthermore, no streets or sidewalks would be permanently closed as a result of the proposed development. The project would utilize existing roadways, resulting in no change in roadway patterns. No separation of uses or disruption of access between land use types would occur as a result of the project. Therefore, the project would not physically divide an established community and no impact would occur. b)Would the project cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? Less Than Significant Impact As shown in Figure 4.11.1, the City’s General Plan land use designation for the project site is C-G (General Commercial) (City of Fontana, 2019a). As shown in Figure 4.11-2, the City’s zoning designation for the project site is C-2 (General Commercial) (City of Fontana Municipal Code, 2020). The proposed project would require a General Plan land use and zoning amendment to change the project site’s land use designation to Light Industrial (I-L) and the zoning designation to Light Industrial (M-1). Light industrial land uses are intended to encourage employee-intensive uses, including business parks, research and development, technology centers, corporate and support office uses, cleaning industries, supporting retail uses, truck and equipment sales and related services. Warehouses that are designed in ways that limit offsite impacts are also permitted (Stantec, 2018a, p. 15.25 - 5.26). Land uses to the north, east and south of the project site have similar Light Industrial land use and zoning designations. Therefore, the project would be coherent with surrounding land uses. SECTION 4.11 – LAND USE AND PLANNING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.11-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.11-1 PROPOSED PROJECT SITE CURRENT GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DESIGNATIONS SECTION 4.11 – LAND USE AND PLANNING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.11-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.11-2 PROPOSED PROJECT SITE CURRENT ZONING DESIGNATIONS SECTION 4.11 – LAND USE AND PLANNING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.11-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 City of Fontana Warehouse Sustainability Ordinance The City of Fontana approved a Warehouse Sustainability Ordinance (City of Fontana Municipal Code Sections 9-70 et seq.) in January 2022. Where the Ordinance sets forth various requirements for warehouse projects of different sizes, only requirements pertaining to projects the size of the proposed project (102,380 square feet) are shown below. Table 4.11-1 ANALYSIS OF PROEJCT CONSISTENCY WITH CITY OF FONTANA WARHOUSE SUSTAINABILITY ORDINANCE Sustainability Ordinance Requirements Project Consistency Analysis Section 9-71: Buffering and Screening / Adjacent uses For any Warehouse larger than 50,000, a ten-foot-wide landscaping perimeter buffer shall be required when adjacent to any sensitive receptors. The perimeter buffer area shall include, at a minimum, a solid decorative wall(s) of at least ten feet in height and solid screen buffering trees, as described below. For any Warehouse building equal to or less than 50,000 square feet in size, a solid decorative wall(s) of at least ten feet in height shall be required when adjacent to any sensitive receptors. Sensitive receptor shall be defined as any residence including private homes, condominiums, apartments, and living quarters, schools, preschools, daycare centers, in-home daycares, health facilities such as hospitals, long term care facilities, retirement and nursing homes, prisons, and dormitories. Consistent. The project site does not abut existing or planned sensitive receptors. The nearest planned sensitive receptors are residential uses under construction opposite Sierra Avenue west of the project site. The project site plan includes concrete tilt-up screen walls on the north, east, and south sides of the project site. Trees shall be used as part of the solid screen buffering treatment. Trees used for this purpose shall be evergreen, drought tolerant, minimum 36-inch box, and shall be spaced at no greater than 40-feet on center. The property owner shall maintain these trees for the duration of ownership, ensuring any unhealthy or dead trees are replaced timely as needed. Consistent. Trees for screening are not required, as no sensitive uses are adjacent to the project site. If physically possible, loading docks shall be oriented away from adjacent sensitive receptors. Consistent. The loading dock doors would face south toward an existing logistics warehouse and would not face sensitive receptors. Section 9-72. – Signage and Traffic Patterns. Entry gates into the loading dock/truck court area shall be positioned at a minimum of 140 feet inside the property line. The stacking distance shall be increased by 70 feet for every 20 loading docks beyond 40 docks. Queuing, or circling of vehicles, on public streets immediately pre- or post-entry to an industrial commerce facility is strictly prohibited. Applicants shall Consistent. A driveway on the north side of the project site would lead from the site entrance at Sierra Avenue approximately 470 feet before turning south; the entry gate to the loading dock area would be on the east side of the site immediately south of the end of said driveway. SECTION 4.11 – LAND USE AND PLANNING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.11-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 submit to the Engineering Department, and obtain approval of, all turning templates to verify truck turning movements at entrance and exit driveways and street intersection adjacent to industrial buildings prior to entitlement approval. Unless not physically possible, truck entries shall be located on Collector Streets (or streets of a higher commercial classification). Sierra Avenue is designated a Major Highway by the City of Fontana General Plan. Anti-idling signs indicating a 3-minute idling restriction shall be posted at industrial commerce facilities along entrances to the site and in the dock areas and shall be strictly enforced by the facility operator. Consistent: All applicable signage will be posted on the site per requirements of the City and State building code. Facility operators shall establish and enforce a truck routing plan to and from the State Highway System based on the City’s latest Truck Route Map. The plan shall describe the operational characteristics of the proposed use, including, but not limited to, hours of operations, numbers of employees, types of items to be stored within the building, and proposed truck routing to and from the facility to designated truck routes that avoids passing residential and educational uses, to the greatest extent physically possible. The plan shall include measures, such as signage and pavement markings, queuing analysis and enforcement, for preventing truck queuing, circling, stopping, and parking on public streets. A speculative project for which no operator has been identified shall base its truck routing plan on an Institute of Transportation Engineers (11th Generation) designation of ITE Code 150. Consistent: The site will be striped and signed in conjunction with City’s direction to ensure highway Truck Route Maps are followed. Signs and drive aisle pavement markings shall clearly identify the on-site circulation pattern to minimize unnecessary on-site vehicular travel. Consistent: The on-site circulation patterns for cars and for trucks are both in-and-out via a driveway extending along the north, east, and south site boundaries. Cars: car parking spaces would be on the north side of the site. Trucks: dock doors would be on the south side of the site. At the end of the driveway on the south side of the site an emergency access gate would be built; only firefighters and tenant management would have keys for that gate. Facility operators shall post signs in prominent locations inside and outside of the building indicating that off-site parking for any employee or operation related vehicle is strictly prohibited. Consistent: All applicable signage will be posted on the site per requirements of the City and State building code. SECTION 4.11 – LAND USE AND PLANNING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.11-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Legible, durable, weather-proof signs shall be installed at all truck exit driveways directing truck drivers to the truck route and State Highway System. Consistent: All applicable signage will be posted on the site per requirements of the City and State building code. Signs shall be installed in public view with contact information for a local designated representative who works for the facility operator and who is designated to receive complaints about excessive dust, fumes, or odors on this site, as well as contact information for the SCAQMD’s on-line complaint system and its complaint call-line: 1-800-288-7664. Consistent: All applicable signage will be posted on the site per requirements of the City and State building code. Section 9-73. – Alternative Energy On-site motorized operational equipment shall be ZE (zero emission). Consistent: The project would use motorized equipment that meets the specifications of all applicable City codes and standards. All building roofs shall be solar-ready, which includes designing and constructing buildings in a manner that facilitates and optimizes the installation of a rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system at some point after the building has been constructed. Consistent. The project would comply with Solar Ready requirements for nonresidential buildings set forth in the 2019 California Green Building Code. Not less than 10% of all required passenger vehicle parking spaces shall be electric vehicle (EV) ready, with all necessary conduit and related appurtenances installed. Not less than 5% of all required passenger vehicle parking spaces shall be EV ready, with working charging stations installed and operational, prior to building occupancy. Consistent. The project would include provision of EV ready parking spaces in compliance with this requirement. Unless the owner of the facility records a covenant on the title of the underlying property ensuring that the property cannot be used to provide chilled, cooled, or freezer warehouse space, a conduit shall be installed during construction of the building shell from the electrical room to 50% of the loading dock doors that have potential to serve the refrigerated space. When tenant improvement building permits are issued for any refrigerated warehouse space, electric plug-in units shall be installed at every dock door servicing the refrigerated space to allow transport refrigeration units to plug in. Consistent. The Project Applicant will record a covenant on the title of the project site property ensuring that the property cannot be used to provide chilled, cooled, or freezer warehouse space. Bicycle racks are required per Section 30-714 and in the amount required for warehouse uses by Table 30-7124 of the Zoning and Development Code. The racks shall include electric plugs to charge electric bikes. Consistent. The project plan includes bicycle racks. Electrical outlets for charging electric bikes will be provided per applicable requirements of the City and State building codes. Section 9-74. – Operation and Construction SECTION 4.11 – LAND USE AND PLANNING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.11-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Cool surface treatments shall be added to drive aisles and parking areas or such areas shall be constructed with a solar-reflective cool pavement. Consistent. Cool surface treatments in compliance with the applicable requirements of the City’s development code would be installed on proposed drive aisles and parking areas for the project. To ensure that warehouse electrical rooms are sufficiently sized to accommodate the potential need for additional electrical panels, either a secondary electrical room shall be provided in the building, or the primary electrical room shall be sized 25% larger than is required to satisfy the service requirements of the building. Consistent. The electrical rooms and panels for the project would be designed in compliance with all applicable requirements of the City and State building codes. Use of low VOC paints shall be required.Consistent. Low VOC paints would be used during project construction and operation. The facility operator shall incorporate a recycling program. Consistent. The project site plan includes a trash storage area that will include storage of recyclable materials. SECTION 4.11 – LAND USE AND PLANNING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.11-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 The following environmentally responsible practices shall be required during construction: a.The applicant shall use reasonable best efforts, as determined by the Planning Director, to deploy the highest rated CARB Tier technology that is available at the time of construction. Prior to permit issuance, the construction contractor shall submit an equipment list confirming equipment used is compliant with the highest CARB Tier at the time of construction. Equipment proposed for use that does not meet the highest CARB Tier in effect at the time of construction, shall only be approved for use at the discretion of the Planning Director. b.Use of electric-powered hand tools, forklifts, aerial lifts, materials lifts, hoists, pressure washers, plate compactors, and air compressors. c.Designation of an area in any construction site where electric- powered construction vehicles and equipment can charge if the utility provider can provide temporary power for this purpose. d.Identification in site plans of a location for future electric truck charging stations and installation of a conduit to that location. Consistent: Project construction activities and equipment would be in compliance with applicable requirements of the City codes and standards. A Property Maintenance Program shall be submitted for review and approval by the Planning Director or his/her designee prior to the issuance of building permits. The program shall provide for the regular maintenance of building structures, landscaping, and paved surfaces in good physically condition, and appearance. The methods and maximum intervals for maintenance of each component shall be specified in the program. Consistent: The Project Applicant will work with the City’s Planning Department for development of a Property Maintenance Program including measures for enforcing the requirements of the Maintenance Program during project operations. Property owner shall provide facility operator with information on incentive programs such as the Carl Moyer Program and Voucher Incentive Program and shall require all facility operators to enroll in the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s SmartWay Program and to use carriers that are SmartWay carriers. Consistent: The Project Applicant will provide future tenants and/or facility operators with all required information regarding applicable environmental programs in compliance with the requirements of the applicable City’s development code and standards. Source: City of Fontana 2022: Municipal Code Sections 9-70 et seq. Following approval of a General Plan land use and zone change amendment, the project would not conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation and impacts would be less than significant. SECTION 4.12 – MINERAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.12-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.12 Mineral Resources Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state? X b)Result in the loss of availability of a locally-important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan? X a)Would the project result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the State? or b)Would the project result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan, or other land use plan? No Impact The proposed project site is located within Mineral Resource Zone (MRZ)-2, which is an area where adequate information indicates that significant mineral deposits are present, or where it is judged that a high likelihood for their presence exists (DOC, 2019b). However, according to the Land Use, Zoning, and Urban Design section of the City of Fontana General Plan, the City does not include mining in any of its zoning categories (Stantec, 2018a). According to ‘Well Finder’ generated by the California Department of Conservation Division of Oil, Gas, & Geothermal Resources and Figure 4.12-1, the project site is not located near (within one mile of) any oil or gas wells (DOC, 2020b). Figure 4.12-2 shows there are no geothermal wells in the vicinity of the project. Although this project is located within MRZ-2, the project site is located in a developed urban area that is built out with urban land uses and thus unsuitable for mining. Therefore, project development would not cause a loss of availability of mineral resources valuable to the region and the state, or any locally important mining sites. No impact would occur. SECTION 4.12 – MINERAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.12-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.12-1 OIL AND GAS WELLS AND FIELDS SECTION 4.12 – MINERAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.12-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.12-2 GEOTHERMAL WELLS SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.13 Noise Would the project result in: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? X b)Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels?X c)For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? X 4.13.1 Characteristics of Sound Sound is a pressure wave transmitted through the air. It is described in terms of loudness or amplitude (measured in decibels), frequency or pitch (measured in hertz [Hz] or cycles per second), and duration (measured in seconds or minutes). The decibel (dB) scale is a logarithmic scale that describes the physical intensity of the pressure vibrations that make up any sound. The pitch of the sound is related to the frequency of the pressure vibration. Because the human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies, a special frequency-dependent rating scale is used to relate noise to human sensitivity. The A-weighted decibel scale (dBA) provides this compensation by discriminating against upper and lower frequencies in a manner approximating the sensitivity of the human ear. The scale is based on a reference pressure level of 20 micropascals (zero dBA). The scale ranges from zero (for the average least perceptible sound) to about 130 (for the average human pain level). 4.13.2 Noise Measurement Scales Several rating scales have been developed to analyze adverse effects of community noise on people. Since environmental noise fluctuates over time, these scales consider that the effect of noise on people depends largely upon the total acoustical energy content of the noise, as well as the time of day when the noise occurs. Those that are applicable to this analysis are as follows: Leq, the equivalent noise level, is an average of sound level over a defined time period (such as 1 minute, 15 minutes, 1 hour or 24 hours). Thus, the Leq of a time-varying noise and that of a steady noise are the same if they deliver the same acoustic energy to the ear during exposure. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 L90 is a noise level that is exceeded 90 percent of the time at a given location; it is often used as a measure of “background” noise. Lmax is the root mean square (RMS) maximum noise level during the measurement interval. This measurement is calculated by taking the RMS of all peak noise levels within the sampling interval. Lmax is distinct from the peak noise level, which only includes the single highest measurement within a measurement interval. CNEL, the Community Noise Equivalent Level, is a 24-hour average Leq with a 4.77-dBA “penalty” added to noise during the hours of 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m., and a 10-dBA penalty added to noise during the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to account for noise sensitivity in the evening and nighttime, respectively (Caltrans, 2013). The logarithmic effect of these additions is that a 60-dBA 24-hour Leq would result in a calculation of 66.7 dBA CNEL. Ldn, the day-night average noise, is a 24-hour average Leq with an additional 10-dBA “penalty” added to noise that occurs between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. The Ldn metric yields values within 1 dBA of the CNEL metric. As a matter of practice, Ldn and CNEL values are considered to be equivalent and are treated as such in this assessment. 4.13.3 Existing Noise In order to characterize existing noise levels, UltraSystems conducted ambient noise sampling at four locations near the project site, as shown in Figure 4.13-1. Table 4.13-1 lists the measurement points, sampling locations, and measurement results. Details of the ambient sampling methods and results are provided in Appendix E. The samples were taken between 7:14 a.m. and 9:11 a.m. on Thursday, August 12, 2021. The 15-minute Leq values ranged from 66.6 to 69.7 dBA. The lowest of these values was measured at Point 1, which is located in front of a single-family residence along Sierra Avenue, and west of the project site. The maximum ambient noise level was located at Point 4, which is located on a landscaped area in front of a single-family residence along Sierra Avenue, and southwest of the project site. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Figure 4.13-1 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table 4.13-1 MEASURED AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS Measurement Results (dBA) Point Sampling Location 15-Minute Leq Lmax L90 1 N/A, house is still being built. Approximately 94 feet west of the project site, on the sidewalk of a single-family residence along Sierra Avenue. 66.6 75.0 58.4 2 16874 Baltusrol Lane. Approximately 283 feet southwest of the project site, on the sidewalk of a single-family residence along Summit Avenue. 69.2 88.8 59.8 3 5731 Bay Hill Lane. Approximately 272 feet southwest of the project site, on a public landscaped area in front of a single-family residence along Sierra Avenue. 69.4 87.7 59.5 4 5985 Prestwick Way. Approximately 2,036 feet southwest of the project site, on a public landscaped area in front of a single-family residence along Sierra Avenue. 69.7 91.2 56.3 Source: UltraSystems, with Google Earth, 2021. 4.13.4 Sensitive Land Uses The City of Fontana 2015-2035 General Plan Noise and Safety Element (Stantec, 2018a, p. 11-9) defines “noise-sensitive” uses in areas of 24-hour-per-day of exposure as residential uses, hospitals, rest homes, long-term care facilities, and mental care facilities. Sensitive receivers14 for shorter-term exposures are defined as schools, libraries, places of worship, and passive recreation uses. The only sensitive receivers in the project vicinity are the single-family residences that are approximately 175 feet west of the project site, and the single-family residences that are approximately 285 feet southwest of the project site. Both sets of residences are along the west side of Sierra Avenue. 4.13.5 Regulatory Setting State of California The most current guidelines prepared by the state noise officer are contained in Appendix D of the General Plan Guidelines issued by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) in 2017 (OPR, 2017). These guidelines establish four categories for judging the severity of noise intrusion on specified land uses: Normally Acceptable: Is generally acceptable, with no mitigation necessary. 14 The targets of adverse noise impacts are called “sensitive receivers” in this document, while those of adverse air quality impacts are termed “sensitive receptors.” SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Conditionally Acceptable: May require some mitigation, as established through a noise study. Normally Unacceptable: Requires substantial mitigation. Clearly unacceptable: Probably cannot be mitigated to a less-than-significant level. The OPR noise compatibility guidelines assign ranges of CNEL values to each of these categories. The ranges differ for different types of sensitive receivers, and are shown in Table 4.13-2. Table 4.13-2 CALIFORNIA LAND USE COMPATIBILITY FOR COMMUNITY NOISE SOURCES Land Use Category Noise Exposure (dBA, CNEL) 55 60 65 70 75 80 Residential – Low-Density Single-Family, Duplex, Mobile Homes Residential – Multiple Family Transient Lodging – Motel, Hotels Schools, Libraries, Churches, Hospitals, Nursing Homes Auditoriums, Concert Halls, Amphitheaters Sports Arena, Outdoor Spectator Sports Playgrounds, Neighborhood Parks Golf Courses, Riding Stables, Water Recreation, Cemeteries Office Buildings, Business Commercial and Professional Industrial, Manufacturing, Utilities, Agriculture Normally Acceptable: Specified land use is satisfactory, based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction without any special noise insulation requirements. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 City of Fontana General Plan Noise and Safety Element The City of Fontana General Plan EIR Noise and Safety Element (Stantec, 2018a) has the following goals, policies and actions that apply to proposed project: Goal 1: The City of Fontana protects sensitive land uses from excessive noise by diligent planning through 2035 (Stantec, 2018a, p.11.12). Policies New sensitive land uses shall be prohibited in incompatible areas. Where sensitive uses are to be placed along transportation routes, mitigation shall be provided to ensure compliance with state-mandated noise levels. Noise spillover or encroachment from commercial, industrial and educational land uses shall be minimized into adjoining residential neighborhoods or noise-sensitive uses. Actions A.The following uses shall be considered noise-sensitive and discouraged in areas in excess of 65 dBA CNEL (Community Noise Equivalent Level): Residential Uses; Hospitals; Rest Homes; Long Term Care Facilities; and Mental Care Facilities. B.The following uses shall be considered noise-sensitive and discouraged in areas in excess of 65 Leq(12) (Equivalent Continuous Sound Level): Schools; Libraries; Places of Worship; and Passive Recreation Uses. C.The State of California Office of Planning and Research General Plan Guidelines shall be followed with respect to acoustical study requirements. Goal 2: The City of Fontana provides a diverse and efficiently operated ground transportation system that generates the minimum feasible noise on its residents through 2035 (Stantec, 2018a, p.11.13). Actions A.On-road trucking activities shall continue to be regulated in the City to ensure noise impacts are minimized, including the implementation of truck-routes based on traffic studies. Conditionally Acceptable: New construction or development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements is made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. Conventional construction, but with closed windows and fresh air supply system or air conditioning will normally suffice. Normally Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed, a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. Clearly Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally not be undertaken. Source: OPR, 2017. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 B.Development that generates increased traffic and subsequent increases in the ambient noise level adjacent to noise-sensitive land uses shall provide appropriate mitigation measures. Goal 3: The City of Fontana’s residents are protected from the negative effects of “spill over” noise (Stantec, 2018a, p.11.13). Policy Residential land uses and areas identified as noise-sensitive shall be protected from excessive noise from non-transportation sources including industrial, commercial, and residential activities and equipment. Actions A.Projects located in commercial areas shall not exceed stationary-source noise standards at the property line of proximate residential or commercial uses. B.Industrial uses shall not exceed commercial or residential stationary source noise standards at the most proximate land uses. C.Non-transportation noise shall be considered in land use planning decisions. D.Construction shall be performed as quietly as feasible when performed in proximity to residential or other noise-sensitive land uses. City of Fontana Municipal Code The City of Fontana’s Municipal Code (City of Fontana, 2021) contains several provisions potentially related to construction and operation of the proposed project. Prohibited noises enumerated in Chapter 18 (Nuisances), Article II. - Noise include: Construction or repairing of buildings or structures. The erection (including excavating), demolition, alteration or repair of any building or structure other than between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays, except in case of urgent necessity in the interest of public health and safety, and then only with a permit from the building inspector, which permit may be granted for a period not to exceed three days or less while the emergency continues and which permit may be renewed for periods of three days or less while the emergency continues. If the building inspector should determine that the public health and safety will not be impaired by the erection, demolition, alteration or repair of any building or structure or the excavation of streets and highways within the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., and if he shall further determine that loss or inconvenience would result to any party in interest, he may grant permission for such work to be done on weekdays within the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., upon application being made at the time the permit for the work is awarded or during the progress of the work (City of Fontana, 2021). SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Noise near schools, courts, place of worship or hospitals. The creation of any loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive noise on any street adjacent to any school, institution of learning, places of worship or court while the premises are in use, or adjacent to any hospital which unreasonably interferes with the workings of such institution or which disturbs or unduly annoys patients in the hospital; provided conspicuous signs are displayed in such streets indicating that the street is a school, hospital or court street (City of Fontana, 2021). Blowers. The operation of any noise-creating blower or power fan or any internal combustion engine other than from the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on a weekday and the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on a Saturday, the operation of which causes noise due to the explosion of operating gases or fluids, unless the noise from such blower or fan is muffled and such engine is equipped with a muffler device sufficient to deaden such noise (City of Fontana, 2021). Piledrivers, hammers, etc. The operation between the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. of any piledriver, steam shovel, pneumatic hammer, derrick, steam or electric hoist or other appliance, the use of which is attended by loud, excessive, impulsive or intrusive noise (City of Fontana, 2021). City of Fontana Conditions of Approval The construction contractor shall use the following source controls at all times: a.Construction shall be limited to 7:00 am to 6:00 pm on weekdays, 8:00 am to 5:00 pm on Saturdays, and no construction on Sundays and Holidays unless it is approved by the building inspector for cases that are considered urgently necessary as defined in Section 18-63(7) of the Municipal Code. b.For all noise-producing equipment, use types and models that have the lowest horsepower and the lowest noise generating potential practical for their intended use. c.The construction contractor will ensure that all construction equipment, fixed or mobile, is properly operating (tuned-up) and lubricated, and that mufflers are working adequately. d.Have only necessary equipment onsite. e.Use manually-adjustable or ambient-sensitive backup alarms. When working adjacent to residential use(s), the construction contractor will also use the following path controls, except where not physically feasible, when necessary: f.Install portable noise barriers, including solid structures and noise blankets, between the active noise sources and the nearest noise receivers. g.Temporarily enclose localized and stationary noise sources. h.Store and maintain equipment, building materials, and waste materials as far as practical from as many sensitive receivers as practical. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-9 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.13.6 Significance Thresholds The City of Fontana has not published explicit thresholds for use in determining significance of noise impacts under CEQA. In keeping with standard practice, two criteria were used for judging noise impacts. First, noise levels generated by the proposed project must comply with all relevant federal, state, and local standards and regulations. Noise impacts on the surrounding community are limited by local noise ordinances, which are implemented through investigations in response to nuisance complaints. It is assumed that all existing applicable regulations for the construction and operation of the proposed project would be enforced. In addition, the proposed project should not produce noise levels that are incompatible with adjacent noise-sensitive land uses. The second measure of impact used in this analysis is a significant increase in noise levels above existing ambient noise levels as a result of the introduction of a new noise source. An increase in noise level due to a new noise source has a potential to adversely impact people. The proposed project would have a significant noise impact if it would do any of the following: Expose persons to or generate noise levels in excess of standards recommended in the City of Fontana General Plan Noise Element. Include construction activities in or within 500 feet of residential areas between 6:00 p.m. of one day and 7:00 a.m. of the next day, without a permit. Increase short-term noise exposures at sensitive receivers during construction by 5 dBA Leq or more. Contribute, with other local construction projects, to a significant cumulative noise impact. Increase operational exposures at sensitive receivers (mainly because of an increase in traffic flow) by 5 dBA Leq or more. 4.13.7 Impact Analysis a)Would the project result in generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? Less than Significant Impact Construction activities, especially with heavy equipment operation, would create noise effects on and adjacent to the construction site. Long-term noise impacts include project-generated onsite and offsite operational noise sources. Onsite noise sources from the operation of the warehouse facility would include the use of mechanical equipment such as air conditioners and landscaping and building maintenance activities. Offsite noise would be attributable to project-induced traffic, which would cause an incremental increase in noise levels within and near the project vicinity. Each is described below. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-10 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Short-Term Construction Noise Noise impacts from construction activities are a function of the noise generated by the operation of construction equipment and onroad delivery and worker commuter vehicles, the location of equipment, and the timing and duration of the noise-generating activities. Using calculation methods published by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA, 2018), UltraSystems estimated the average hourly exposures at the single-family residence near the project site. The distances used for the calculation were measured from the residence to the approximate center of activity of each construction phase, since that would be the average location of construction equipment most of the time. For the purpose of this analysis, it was estimated that the construction of the proposed project would begin in July 2022 and end in February 2023. The types and numbers of pieces of equipment anticipated in each phase of construction and development were estimated by running the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod), Version 2020.4.0, and having the model generate land use-based default values. The CalEEMod equipment default values are based on a construction survey performed by the SCAQMD (BREEZE Software, 2021). Table 4.13-3 lists the equipment expected to be used. For each equipment type, the table shows an average noise emission level (in dB at 50 feet, unless otherwise specified) and a “usage factor,” which is an estimated percentage of operating time that the equipment would be producing noise at the stated level.15,16 Equipment use was matched to phases of the construction schedule. Table 4.13-3 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT NOISE CHARACTERISTICS Construction Phase Equipment Type Number of Pieces Maximum Sound Level (dBA @ 50 feet) Usage Factor Composite Noise (dBA @ 50 feet) Graders 1 85 0.41 Scrapers 1 88 0.14 Site Preparation Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 1 85 0.37 85.3 Graders 1 85 0.41 Rubber-Tired Dozer 1 79 0.4 Grading Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 2 85 0.37 86.0 Crane 1 83 0.08 Forklift 2 67 0.2 Generator Sets 1 73 0.5 Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 1 85 0.37 Building Construction Welders 3 74 0.45 82.5 15 Equipment noise emissions and usage factors are from Knauer, H. et al., 2006. FHWA Highway Construction Noise Handbook. U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology, Administration, Cambridge, Massachusetts, FHWA-HEP-06-015 (August 2006), except where otherwise noted. 16 Scraper, crane, and cement and mortar mixer, and roller noise emissions data from County of Ventura, Construction Noise Threshold Criteria and Control Plan. Amended July 2010. This document was also source of usage factors for cranes, cement and mortar mixers, pavers, paving equipment and rollers. Rubber tired dozer noise emissions data from measurements made by Anderson (2007, p. 47) at construction sites. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-11 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Construction Phase Equipment Type Number of Pieces Maximum Sound Level (dBA @ 50 feet) Usage Factor Composite Noise (dBA @ 50 feet) Cement and Mortar Mixer 1 85 0.4 Pavers 1 77 0.5 Paving Equipment 1 85 0.5 Rollers 2 74 0.1 Paving Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 1 85 0.37 86.4 Painting Air Compressor 1 81 0.48 77.8 Source: FTA, 2018 Table 4.13-4 summarizes the results of the construction noise analysis for the residences on the west side of Sierra Avenue. The highest total short-term noise exposure (ambient plus construction-related) would be 70.8 dBA Leq, at (future) residences across Sierra Avenue from the northwest corner of the project site, during paving. (About 40% of this would be due to the construction activity’s contribution.) The City of Fontana Municipal Code does not have any numerical limits for exposure due to construction noise. We therefore look to the significance criteria defined in Section 4.4. The relevant criterion is “Increase short- term noise exposures at sensitive receivers during construction by 5 dBA Leq or more.” For all combinations of construction activity and sensitive receiver, the increase will be less than 5 dBA, and the impact would be less than significant. Mitigation will therefore not be necessary. Note that the results here are conservative, because noise barriers on the west side of Sierra Avenue were not taken into account in the calculations. Table 4.13-4 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION NOISE EXPOSURES AT NEAREST SENSITIVE RECEIVER For Nearest Residences on West Side of Sierra Avenue 1-Hour Leq (dBA)Construction Phase Distance (feet)Existinga Projectedb Change Site Preparation 483 68.6 70.4 1.8 Grading 483 68.6 70.6 2.0 Building Construction 448 68.6 69.8 1.2 Paving on North Side of Project Site 478 68.6 70.8 2.2 Paving on South Side of Project Site 492 68.6 70.7 2.1 Painting 448 68.6 69.0 0.4 Source: UltraSystems, 2021 aAverage ambient noise level between 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. aExisting plus construction-related. Operational Noise Onsite Onsite noise sources from the proposed warehouse facility would include operation of rooftop mechanical equipment such as air conditioners, parking lot activities, and truck deliveries and departures. Noise levels from these sources are generally lower than from the traffic on streets bordering the project site. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-12 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Furthermore, § 18-63 of the City of Fontana Development Code limits onsite noise impacts of the operation of any noise-creating blower or power fan or any internal combustion engine other than from the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on a weekday and the hours SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-13 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 of 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on a Saturday, the operation of which causes noise due to the explosion of operating gases or fluids, unless the noise from such blower or fan is muffled and such engine is equipped with a muffler device sufficient to deaden such noise. Finally, most of the noise from onsite truck traffic, engine idling, and loading and unloading will be within a recess in the south side of the proposed warehouse; the structure will block the line of sight to sensitive receivers on the west.17 The operational noise levels would be within both the City’s daytime and nighttime residential noise standards of 70 dBA and 65 dBA, respectively. Therefore, operational noise would be less than significant. Mobile Sources The principal noise source in the project area is traffic on local streets. The project may contribute to a permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity due to project-generated vehicle traffic on neighborhood roadways and at intersections. A noise impact would occur if the project contributes to a permanent increase in ambient noise levels affecting sensitive receivers along roadways that would carry project-generated traffic. Access to the project site would be available via the northwestern portion of the of project site along Sierra Avenue. As a worst case, it is assumed that all project traffic will travel on Sierra Avenue immediately north and south of Summit Avenue. According to the City of Fontana General Plan, the average daily traffic (ADT) on Sierra Avenue north and south of Summit Avenue is 18,500 and 34,100, respectively (Stantec, 2018a, Exhibit 9.5). The Project is forecast to generate a net total of 178 daily vehicle trips (actual vehicles) (IBI Group, 2021, p. 13). It would thus increase traffic by less than 1.0%. Given the logarithmic nature of the decibel, traffic volume needs to be doubled in order for the noise level to increase by 3 dBA, the minimum level perceived by the average human ear (ICF Jones & Stokes, 2009). A doubling is equivalent to a 100% increase. Because the maximum increase in traffic at any intersection is far below 100%, the increase in roadway noise experienced at sensitive receivers would not be perceptible to the human ear. Therefore, roadway noise associated with project operation would not expose a land use to noise levels that are considered incompatible with or in excess of adopted standards, and impacts would be less than significant. b)Would the project generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? Less than Significant Impact Vibration is sound radiated through the ground. Vibration can result from a source (e.g., subway operations, vehicles, machinery equipment, etc.) that causes the adjacent ground to move, thereby creating vibration waves that propagate through the soil to the foundations of nearby buildings. This effect is referred to as groundborne vibration. The peak particle velocity (PPV) or the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity is usually used to describe vibration levels. PPV is defined as the maximum instantaneous peak of the vibration level, while RMS is defined as the square root of the average of the squared amplitude of the level. PPV is typically used for evaluating potential building damage, while RMS velocity in decibels (VdB) is typically more suitable for evaluating human response (FTA, 2018, pp. 110-111). 17 No sensitive receivers are south or east of the project site. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-14 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 The background vibration velocity level in residential areas is usually around 50 VdB. The vibration velocity level threshold of perception for humans is approximately 65 VdB. A vibration velocity level of 75 VdB is the approximate dividing line between barely perceptible and distinctly perceptible levels for most people. Most perceptible indoor vibration is caused by sources within buildings such as operation of mechanical equipment, movement of people, or the slamming of doors. Typical outdoor sources of perceptible groundborne vibration are construction equipment, steel-wheeled trains, and traffic on rough roads. If a roadway is smooth, the groundborne vibration from traffic is rarely perceptible. The range of interest is from approximately 50 VdB to 100 VdB, which is the general threshold where minor damage can occur in fragile buildings (FTA, 2018, p. 120). Construction Vibration Construction activities for the project have the potential to generate low levels of groundborne vibration. The operation of construction equipment generates vibrations that propagate though the ground and diminishes in intensity with distance from the source. Vibration impacts can range from no perceptible effects at the lowest vibration levels, to low rumbling sounds and perceptible vibration at moderate levels, to slight damage of buildings at the highest levels. The construction activities associated with the project could have an adverse impact on both sensitive structures (i.e., building damage) and populations (i.e., annoyance). The construction vibration analysis used formulas published by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) (FTA, 2018, p. 185). For a standard reference distance of 25 feet, peak particle velocity is found from: PPV =PPVref x (25/D)1.5 where PPVref =Reference source vibration at 25 feet D =Distance from source to receiver The vibration level (VdB) for a standard reference distance of 25 feet is found from: VdB =Lvref – 30 log(D/25) where Lvref =Reference source vibration level at 25 feet D =Distance from source to receiver The FTA has published standard vibration levels for construction equipment operations, at a distance of 25 feet (FTA, 2018, p. 185). The smallest distance from project construction activity to a residential receiver would be about 93 feet. The calculated vibration levels expressed in VdB and PPV for selected types of construction equipment at distances of 25 and 93 feet are listed in Table 4.13-5. As shown in Table 4.13-5, the vibration level of construction equipment at the nearest sensitive receiver (64 feet) is at most 0.018 inch per second, which is less than the FTA damage threshold of 0.12 inch per second PPV for fragile historic buildings, and 68 VdB, which is less than the FTA threshold for human annoyance of 80 VdB. Construction vibration impacts would therefore be less than significant. SECTION 4.13 – NOISE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.13-15 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table 4.13-5 VIBRATION LEVELS OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Equipment PPV at 25 feet (in/sec) Vibration Decibels at 25 feet (VdB) PPV at 93 feet (in/sec) Vibration Decibels at 93 feet (VdB) Loaded trucks 0.076 86 0.018 69 Jack hammer 0.035 79 0.008 62 Small bulldozer 0.003 58 0.0007 41 Source: FTA, 2018 and UltraSystems, 2021. Operational Vibration Operation of the proposed project would not involve significant sources of ground-borne vibration or ground-borne noise. Thus, operation of the proposed project would result in a less than significant impact. c)For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? No Impact The closest public airport to the project site is the Ontario International Airport, located approximately 11.6 miles to the southwest. No portion of the project site lies within the 65-dBA CNEL noise contours of that airport (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.10-3). Therefore, the project would not expose people residing or working in the project area to a safety hazard or excessive noise levels associated with airports and no impact would occur. SECTION 4.14 – POPULATION AND HOUSING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.14-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.14 Population and Housing Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? X b)Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? X a)Would the project induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? Less than Significant Impact The project proposes a 102,380 square-foot warehouse facility. It does not propose construction of any residential uses; thus, project development would not directly cause population increase in the city of Fontana. Project operation is estimated to generate 45 jobs (refer to Table 4.14-1). Project construction would generate a small number of temporary jobs. The unemployment rate in San Bernardino County in August 2021 was 7.6 percent (EDD, 2021). Therefore, project operational and construction employment are expected to be absorbed from the regional labor force and are not anticipated to attract workers from outside of the region. Project development would involve construction of water and sewer laterals from the proposed building to mains in surrounding roadways; electricity and natural gas connections to existing facilities next to the project site; and onsite storm drains connecting to existing storm drains in adjacent roadways. Project development would not involve extension of infrastructure into currently unserved area beyond the project site that would induce population growth. Therefore, less than significant impacts would occur regarding unplanned growth as a result of the project. Table 4.14-1 ESTIMATED PROJECT EMPLOYMENT GENERATION Square feet Square feet per employee Employment Warehouse 92,380 2,616 35 Office 10,000 956 10 Total 102,380 Not applicable 45 Source: Natelson & Co. 2001, Employment Density Report. SECTION 4.14 – POPULATION AND HOUSING 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.14-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 b)Would the project displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? No Impact The project site is currently vacant land and contains no residences. The proposed project would not displace existing residents or housing, and no impact would occur. SECTION 4.15 – PUBLIC SERVICES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.15-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.15 Public Services Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: a)Fire protection?X b)Police protection?X c)Schools?X d)Parks?X e)Other public facilities? X a)Fire Protection? Less than Significant Impact Fire prevention, fire protection and emergency response services for the City of Fontana are provided by the Fontana Fire Protection District (FFPD) through a contract with the San Bernardino County Fire Department. The FFPD also investigates and cleans up hazardous materials and has firefighters with special expertise in wildfires (Stantec, 2018a, p. 8-6). The FFPD is staffed with 129 full-time personnel. The FFPD has a response time goal for all service calls to arrive on scene in six minutes or less (City of Fontana, 2019c, p. 351). There are seven fire stations in the city. The two nearest stations to the project site are Fire Station 78 at 7110 Citrus Avenue, approximately 2.0 miles southwest of the project site; and Station 79 at 5075 Coyote Canyon Road, approximately 2.0 miles northwest of the project site (City of Fontana, 2021). Both stations serve the northern areas of the city of Fontana. Station 78 daily staffing includes one Captain, one Engineer, two Firefighter Medics, and one Firefighter and is equipped with one medic engine and one squad vehicle (City of Fontana, 2020c). Station 79 is staffed with one captain, one engineer, and one firefighter medic; and is equipped with one medic engine (City of Fontana, 2020c). The project proposes a 102,380-square-foot warehouse/logistics/distribution center. The City is building a new fire station, Station 81— on Casa Grande Avenue approximately 0.5 miles north of the project site, which is currently under construction and anticipated to be completed by Spring 2023 (City of Fontana, 2020c). Project development would not require construction of a new or expanded fire station. Furthermore, addition of the new fire station, Station 81 would improve existing response time for fire protection services in the project area. The project would be in compliance with applicable portions of the City of Fontana Municipal Code, Section 5-425: Fire Prevention. Furthermore, the adequacy of existing water pressure and water availability in the project area would be verified by the FFPD during the proposed project’s plan check review process. Compliance with the above-mentioned codes and FFPD standards is mandatory and routinely conditioned upon projects. The project, once operational, would be inspected periodically by the FFPD. Development of the project site would be consistent with the land use goals and strategic policy map included in the City of Fontana’s 2015-2035 General Plan and has therefore been planned for, from the standpoint of long-term infrastructure needs SECTION 4.15 – PUBLIC SERVICES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.15-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 (Stantec, 2018a, Chapter 15). In addition, the Fontana Fire Protection District collects development mitigation fees for fire facilities which would be available to fund additional fire protection facilities as needed. The project would not require the construction of new or expanded fire stations or facilities. Therefore, the project would have a less than significant impact on fire protection services. d)Police Protection? Less than Significant Impact The City of Fontana Police Department provides police and law enforcement services in the project area. The FPD has 188 sworn officers. FPD is comprised of four separate divisions: Office of the Chief of Police; Administrative Services; Field Services; and Special Operations (City of Fontana, 2018a). The nearest police station to the project site is located at 17005 Upland Avenue, approximately 3.25 miles south of the project site (City of Fontana, 2020d). Given the estimated population of 213,739 in 2018 (City of Fontana, 2020e), the FPD has an approximate service to population ratio of one sworn officer per 1,038 residents (1.14 sworn officers per 1,000 residents) (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.12-1). The population of the city of Fontana is not expected to increase as a result of the proposed project. While the project would create limited employment opportunities (both during the construction and operational phases), it is anticipated that employees from the local workforce would be hired during both phases. The project is not of the scope or scale to induce people to move from out of the project area to work at the proposed project. Project development is not expected to cause a change in the ratio of sworn officers to residents. Moreover, development of the project site is consistent with the overall growth anticipated by the General Plan at buildout and has therefore been planned for from the standpoint of long-term infrastructure needs (Stantec, 2018a, Chapter 15); nor is it expected to significantly affect the existing service capacity of the FPD. The project would not require the construction of new or expanded police stations or facilities. Therefore, less than significant impacts on police protection services would occur. e)Schools? No Impact The project site is located within the Fontana Unified School District (FUSD). FUSD provides public education for over 40,000 students and includes 29 elementary schools, seven middle schools and five high schools (FUSD, 2019). FUSD schools serving the project site include Sierra Lakes Elementary School (grades K-5), Wayne Ruble Middle School (grades 6-8), and Summit High School (grades 9-12). Sierra Lakes Elementary School is located 1.1 miles west of the project site at 5740 Avenal Place. Wayne Middle School is located 1.4 miles southwest of the project site at 6762 Juniper Avenue. Summit High School is located 1.8 miles west of the project site at 15551 Summit Avenue. (Google Earth, 2020). Demand for school facilities is generated by the number of households in the schools’ attendance boundaries. The project does not propose development of new housing. Therefore, no impact on schools would occur. f)Parks? Less than Significant Impact Recreational services in the city of Fontana are provided by the City’s Department of Facilities and Parks, which maintains over 40 parks, sports facilities, and community centers (City of Fontana, 2020a). The City’s park acreage standard is five acres of public park land per 1,000 residents. The SECTION 4.15 – PUBLIC SERVICES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.15-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 City currently has approximately 1,359 acres total in parks and land for public use, enough to meet this performance standard (Stantec, 2018a, p. 7.10). Cambria Park, located at 17140 Cambria Avenue, is approximately 1.1 miles south of the project site. The park includes facilities such as a small tot-lot, benches and a large open lawn area (City of Fontana, 2020f). The project would not include development of residences. It is possible that employees at the project site may visit nearby parks; however, the potential impact of these visits on parks would be less than significant. g)Other Public Facilities? No Impact Library services in the city are provided by the San Bernardino County Library System, which is comprised of 32 branch libraries. Within the city of Fontana, there are three libraries: the Fontana Lewis Library and Technology Center located at 8437 Sierra Avenue; the Summit Branch Library located at 15551 Summit Avenue; and the Kaiser High School Library located at 11155 Almond Avenue (San Bernardino County Public Library, 2020). The Summit Branch Library is located approximately 1.85 miles northwest of the project site. Demand for libraries is generated by the populations in the libraries’ service areas. Project development would not increase population in the city of Fontana. Therefore, the project would have no impact on other public facilities. SECTION 4.16 – RECREATION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.16-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.16 Recreation Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? X b)Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? X a)Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? Less Than Significant Impact Recreational services in the city of Fontana are provided by the City’s Department of Facilities and Parks, which maintains over 40 parks, sports facilities, and community centers (City of Fontana, 2020a). The City’s park acreage standard is five acres of public park land per 1,000 residents. The City currently has approximately 1,359 acres total in parks and land for public use, enough to meet this performance standard (Stantec, 2018a, p. 7.10). Demand for parks is generated by the population in the parks’ service areas. The project involves development of a warehouse building; would not develop housing; and, therefore, would not increase population in the city of Fontana. Project development would not increase demand for parks and a less than significant impact would occur. b)Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? No Impact The project does not propose new or expanded recreational facilities (and would not require construction of newer expanded facilities; see Section 4.16.a), therefore, no impact would occur. SECTION 4.17 – TRANSPORTATION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.17-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.17 Transportation Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities? X b)Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)? X c)Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? X d)Result in inadequate emergency access?X The analysis below is based on a trip generation assessment for the proposed project that was conducted by IBI Group (refer to Appendix F). The trip generation assessment estimates the combination of existing and future vehicular trips from the project site based on implementation of the proposed project. The trip generation estimates are based on the ITE Trip Generation Manual, 10th Edition. a)Would the project conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities? Less than Significant Impact The following City and County plans, ordinances and policies would apply to the project. City of Fontana Active Transportation Plan (ATP) The 2017 Fontana ATP is used to implement infrastructure improvements for better connectivity throughout Fontana, to surrounding cities, and the region by providing safe and comfortable walking and bicycling linkages (City of Fontana, 2017b). The proposed project would not create walking or bicycling linkages, and therefore the proposed project would not conflict with the ATP. City of Fontana Development Impact Fee (DIF) Program The City’s DIF program was adopted pursuant to Government Code §§ 66000 et seq. Fontana’s Development Services Department oversees the use of the DIF fees, which fund projects in the City’s capital improvement program (Stantec, 2018b). The proposed project is not part of the DIF program, and therefore, the proposed project would not conflict with the DIF program. SECTION 4.17 – TRANSPORTATION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.17-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 San Bernardino Congestion Management Program (CMP) The intent of the CMP is to provide the analytical basis for transportation decisions through the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) process, a multi-year capital improvement program of transportation projects on and off the State Highway System. The San Bernardino County CMP, published by the San Bernardino County Transportation Authority (SBCTA), defines a network of state highways and arterials in the county and provides guidelines regarding level of service (LOS) standards, impact criteria, and a process for mitigation of impacts on CMP facilities (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.13-14). With certain exceptions, the minimum acceptable LOS for CMP facilities is defined as LOS E. More specifically, the CMP states, “In no case shall the LOS standards established be below the LOS E or the current level, whichever is farthest from LOS A. When the LOS on a segment or at an intersection fails to attain the established LOS standard, a deficiency plan shall be adopted pursuant to Section 65089.4” (San Bernardino Associated Governments, 2016, p. 1-2). The San Bernardino County CMP was last updated in 2016. The proposed project would front Sierra Avenue. Access to the project site would be available via the northwestern portion of the of project site along Sierra Avenue. Access for pedestrians from the public right-of-way (ROW) to the building onsite would be via the walkway along Sierra Avenue, which fronts the west side of the project site. The project site’s primary connections to the nearest regional transportation corridor, the I-210 Freeway, is via Sierra Avenue, which abuts the western portion of the project site (Google Earth Pro, 2021). The nearest public transit facility (i.e., bus or train stop) is the OmniTrans Bus stop on Route 82 about 3800 feet south of the project site, at the intersection of Sierra Avenue and Sierra Lakes Parkway. No Class I, II or III bikeways are located along Sierra Avenue. There is a Class I bike lane along Summit Avenue; however, the bikeway would not intersect with the project site (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.13-2). Therefore, there would be no conflict with present or future bicycle or pedestrian facilities. As mentioned above, the project would have primary access along Sierra Avenue Per the General Plan DEIR for the city’s General Plan Update 2015-2035 segments of Sierra Avenue in the City of Fontana operate at LOS E; the section of Sierra Avenue that is located east of the project site, between of Summit Avenue and Riverside Avenue, operates at LOS E (Stantec, 2018b, pp. 5.13-8 to 5.13-9). The service level is not expected to change once the proposed project is constructed and operational due to the limited number of daily trips; approximately 17 AM peak hour trips and 19 PM peak hour trips (refer to Appendix F) created by the project. Therefore, since the estimated amount of traffic to be generated by the project would not exceed 50 peak hour trips, the proposed project would not affect the current level of service, and there would be less than significant impacts to existing LOS. Given that the proposed project would not conflict with the provisions of the City General Plan’s Circulation Element, the City’s ATP, and San Bernardino’s CMP, or interfere with public transit or bicycle transportation, project impacts would be less than significant. b)Would the project conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)? Less than Significant Impact Section 15064.3, Determining the Significance of Transportation Impacts, of the CEQA Guidelines describes specific considerations for evaluating a project’s transportation impacts. Section 15064.3(b) includes criteria for analyzing transportation impacts. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) SECTION 4.17 – TRANSPORTATION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.17-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 which focuses on the overall miles traveled by vehicles within a region, is the new metric for transportation analysis and replaces automobile delay (Level of Service -LOS), which is no longer used as a criterion for determining a significant environmental effect under CEQA (City of Fontana, October 2020). For land use projects, “Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) exceeding an applicable threshold of significance may indicate a significant impact.” (CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3). On June 9, 2020, the City of Fontana adopted Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Thresholds for determining transportation impacts pursuant to CEQA Guidelines. This adoption was required by Senate Bill (SB) 743 and the recent changes to Section 15064.3 of the CEQA Guidelines. For the purpose of CEQA analysis of VMT and traffic impacts associated with projects proposed in the City of Fontana, the City also adopted Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines for Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and Level of Service Assessment (City of Fontana, October 2020). The City’s Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines for VMT Assessment, provides project screening criteria and guidance for analysis of VMT assessments. The following VMT screening criterion was utilized for the proposed project. Project Net Daily Trips Less Than 500 ADT: The City presumes that projects that generate fewer than 500 average daily trips (ADT) would not cause a substantial increase in the total citywide or regional VMT and would therefore have a less than significant impact on VMT. The Project is forecast to generate a net total of 178 daily vehicle trips (actual vehicles), which would not exceed the City’s screening threshold of 500 ADT resulting in a less than significant impact. The proposed project is a 102,380 square-foot warehouse facility. Per the trip generation assessment prepared for the project (refer to Appendix F), the project would generate approximately 178 daily trips. As the project is expected to generate less than 500 average daily trips, therefore, using the “Project Net Daily Trips Less Than 500 ADT Type Screening” criteria, per the City’s TIA Guidelines (City of Fontana, October 2020), a further project-level VMT assessment is not required for the proposed project. The project would have a less than significant impact regarding conflict or inconsistency with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3. c)Would the project substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? Less than Significant Impact Pedestrian access to the proposed building would be via the walkway along Sierra Avenue. All onsite access and sight-distance setbacks would be in accordance with City of Fontana design requirements. The project would not substantially alter or impact roads, sight lines or offsite land uses. The proposed project would not house or utilize farm equipment, construction equipment or other unusually slow vehicles that would present a traffic hazard. Therefore, the project would not increase hazards due to a geometric design feature, and traffic hazard impacts would be less than significant. d)Would the project result in inadequate emergency access? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Construction During the project construction phase, lanes and sidewalks may be temporarily closed off. To ensure that circulation and emergency access during construction is adequate, the City requires preparation SECTION 4.17 – TRANSPORTATION 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.17-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 and implementation of a Transportation Management Plan (TMP) for all projects that require construction in the public ROW. Therefore, the proposed project would implement mitigation measure TRANS-1. With implementation of mitigation measure TRANS-1, impacts in regard to emergency access during construction would be less than significant. Operation The project would comply with applicable City regulations, such as the requirement to comply with the City’s Fire Code with regard to providing adequate emergency access. Prior to the issuance of building permits, the City of Fontana would review project site plans, including location of all buildings, fences, access driveways and other features that may affect emergency access. The project site plan provides fire lanes for adequate emergency access. Onsite access and sight-distance requirements would be in accordance with City design requirements. The City’s review process and compliance with applicable regulations and standards would ensure that adequate emergency access would be provided at the project site at all times. Therefore, the proposed project would not result in inadequate emergency access and there would be no impacts in this regard. Mitigation Measures MM TRANS-1 The Transportation Management Plan (TMP) must be reviewed and approved by the City’s Traffic Engineer prior to the start of construction activity in the public right-of-way (ROW). The typical TMP requires items such as the installation of K-rail between the construction area and open traffic lanes, the use of flagmen and directional signage to direct traffic where only one travel lane is available or when equipment movement creates temporary hazards, and the installation of steel plates to cover trenches under construction. The TMP must provide that emergency access must be maintained at all times. Level of Significance After Mitigation After implementation of mitigation measure TRANS-1 described above, the project would have less than significant construction-phase impacts on emergency access. SECTION 4.18 – TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.18-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.18 Tribal Cultural Resources Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is: i)Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k)? X ii)A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. X 4.18.1 Methods Information from the Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory Report, dated November 11, 2021 (see Appendix D), prepared by UltraSystems for the Fontana Warehouse at Sierra Avenue and Summit Avenue Project describes the research for and analysis of potential cultural resources data conducted for the project. This research included a cultural resources record search at the SCCIC, a SLF record search by the NAHC, and a pedestrian survey assessment (see Section 4.5). No prehistoric archaeological resources were observed during the field survey. Previous cultural resources surveys within the 0.5-mile radius of the project boundary resulted in no archaeological sites or isolates being recorded. During the cultural resources record search at the SCCIC, no prehistoric resources were found within the project boundary or the 0.5 mile radius; there were 11 historic resources. The pedestrian survey located no cultural resources. The cultural resources study findings and assessment indicates there is a low potential for finding prehistoric resources on the SECTION 4.18 – TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.18-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 project site and therefor that it is highly unlikely that prehistoric properties would be adversely affected by construction of the project. One potential resource (as defined by Public Resources Code § 21074) has been noted (“NAHC Sacred Land File Records Search” in Attachment C in Appendix D of this IS/MND). A Traditional Cultural Resource (TCR) site was documented within a 0.5-mile radius of the project site in the NAHC’s SLF search, though its location and description were not provided. As discussed in Section 4.5, the NAHC, unrelated to AB 52 compliance, recommended contacting the Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation to learn further information about the SLF site. Therefore, UltraSystems sent a letter to the Gabrielino-Kizh Nation, along with the other 17 tribal contacts provided by the NAHC. There was no response from the Gabrielino – Kizh Nation concerning the SLF’s traditional site in the project area. Four responses were received from three different tribes. These letters are presented in Attachment C in Appendix D of this IS/MND. An email response was received the Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation’s Admin Specials, on behalf of Chairperson Salas September 20, 2021, requesting the lead agency’s contact information; this information was provided on September 27, 2021. There was no response from the Gabrielino – Kizh Nation concerning the SLF’s traditional site in the project area. An email response was received from Ms. Conley, Tribal Consultant and Administrator for the Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council, on behalf of Chairperson Dorame, on September 28, 2021 stating that “this area is culturally sensitive with respect to Native American resources and will require a monitor for all ground disturbances.” The Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation’s Historic Preservation Officer, Jill McCormick on September 17, 2021, replied indicating that the tribe has no comments on this project, deferring to more local Tribes. A response was received from Ryan Nordness of the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians’ cultural resources department on September 21, 2021 indicating that the project is not located near any Serrano villages, SLF sites or archaeological sites (refer to Attachment C in Appendix D of this IS/MND). On November 5, 2021, six calls were placed to non-responding tribes with no answer and messages were left describing the project and requesting a response. These calls were to Chairperson Anthony Morales, Chairperson of the Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians; Chairperson Sandonne Goad, Chairperson of the Gabrielino/Tongva Nation; Ann Brierty, THPO of the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, Robert Martin, Chairperson of the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, Wayne Walker, Co-Chairperson of the Serrano Nation of Mission Indians, and Mark Cochrane, Co-Chairperson of the Serrano Nation of Mission Indians. A call to Tribal Chair Lovina Redner of the Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians, resulted in no one answering the tribal office line and no ability to leave a message. During the telephone calls of November 5, 2021, Mr. Charles Alvarez of the Gabrieleno-Tongva Tribe, stated that he will need to check with the tribal staff member who reviews the outreach letters the tribe receives to learn if he has a response to provide. Mr. Alvarez requested that we call him back this same afternoon which was done, but there was no answer. Joseph Ontiveros, of the Cultural Resource Department of Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians indicated that the tribe defers all comments concerning this project to the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians (see Attachment C in Appendix D). UltraSystems’s good faith effort in conducting outreach to the tribes identified by the NAHC is compete. SECTION 4.18 – TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.18-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 a)Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is: i)Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k)? No Impact The Cultural Resources investigation determined that there are no TCRs listed or eligible for listing in the CRHR as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k) within the project site or within a 0.5-mile radius surrounding the project site. Therefore, no impact would occur. ii)A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Assembly Bill 52 (AB 52) requires meaningful consultation with California Native American Tribes regarding potential impacts on TCRs, as defined in Public Resources Code § 21074. TCRs are sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a California Native American tribe that are either eligible or listed in the California Register of Historical Resources or local register of historical resources (California Natural Resources Agency [CNRA], 2007). As part of the AB 52 process, Native American tribes must submit a written request to a lead agency to be notified of projects within their traditionally and culturally affiliated area. The lead agency must provide written, formal notification to those tribes within 14 days of deciding to undertake a project. The tribe must respond to the lead agency within 30 days of receiving this notification if they want to engage in consultation on the project, and the lead agency must begin the consultation process within 30 days of receiving the tribe’s request. Consultation concludes when either (1) the parties agree to mitigation measures (MMs) to avoid a significant effect on a TCR, or (2) a party, acting in good faith and after reasonable effort, concludes mutual agreement cannot be reached. In compliance with AB 52, letters were sent by the City of Fontana’s Planning Department (City) to all applicable Native American Tribes from Cecily Session-Goins, Associate Planner with the City’s Planning Department. The letters were sent on October 6, 2021 by certified mail to the following tribes: San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation, Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians, Soboba Band of Mission Indians, and SECTION 4.18 – TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.18-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians. The City received correspondence from three Native American Tribes. The City received a reply from the Gabrieleno – Kizh Nation by email with an attached letter requesting consultation.. A consultation teleconference call between the City and the Gabrieleno – Kizh Nation was conducted on December 2, 2021. An email with further information was provided by the Gabrieleno – Kizh Nation on December 10, 2021. This information included historic maps indicating the project area proximity to prehistoric villages as well as trade routes and waterways. Mitigation measures were also included in their email and these have been included below as MM TCR-1, MM-TCR-2, and MM-TCR-3. This consultation is concluded. The Soboba Band of Mission Indians replied to the City on October 6, 2021 by email, indicating that they will defer any comments to the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians. The City received a reply from the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians on October 27, 2021 by email indicating that the tribe has no concerns about the project due to the nature of the project area. They also included a list of mitigation measures. The remaining two tribes did not reply to the City within the 30-day response period nor have they to date. A potential resource as defined by Public Resources Code § 21074 has been noted (Attachment C: “NAHC Sacred Land File Records Search” in Appendix D to this Initial Study). A traditional cultural site was documented within a half-mile radius of the project site in the NAHC’s SLF search, though its location and description were not provided. The NAHC recommended contacting the Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation to learn further information about the SLF site; O’Neil did send a letter to the Gabrielino-Kizh Nation, along with the other 17 tribal contacts listed by the NAHC, and received replies (refer to Appendix D). The project site has not been recommended for historic designation for prehistoric resources or TCRs. No prehistoric archaeological resources were observed during the field survey. The previous cultural resources surveys within the 0.5-mile radius resulted in no archaeological sites or isolates being recorded within the project boundary. During the cultural resources record search at the SCCIC, no prehistoric resources were found within the project boundary or within the 0.5 mile buffer radius. The pedestrian survey located no cultural resources. The cultural resources study findings and assessment indicates there is a low potential for finding prehistoric resources on the project site and therefor that it is unlikely that prehistoric properties would be adversely affected by construction of the project. Mitigation for minimizing impacts on potential TCRs is applicable to the project site because the land at the site was largely unused resulting in minimal disturbance to the native soil of the project site. The surface appears intact, and probably was not disturbed by agriculture in the past. It does have signs of being lightly surface scraped within the past year or so by the appearance of rocks being moved Even with the minimal prior disturbance, the potential for subsurface prehistoric deposits is considered to be low. However, mitigation will be implemented to further reduce potential impacts to a less than significant level. The applicable mitigation measures related to TCRs are provided below. SECTION 4.18 – TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.18-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 AB 52 consultation has been completed and this consultation has been described above; the TCR mitigation measures are provided below. These mitigation measures reflect the City of Fontana’s consultation with the Gabrielino- Kizh Nation tribal organization. Mitigation Measure MM TCR-1: Retain a Native American Monitor Prior to Commencement of Ground-Disturbing Activities A. The project applicant/lead agency shall retain a Native American Monitor from the Gabrielino/Tongva community. The monitor shall be retained prior to the commencement of any “ground- disturbing activity” for the subject project at all project locations (i.e., both on-site and any off-site locations that are included in the project description/definition and/or required in connection with the project, such as public improvement work). “Ground-disturbing activity” shall include, but is not limited to, demolition, pavement removal, potholing, auguring, grubbing, tree removal, boring, grading, excavation, drilling, and trenching. B. A copy of the executed monitoring agreement shall be submitted to the lead agency prior to the earlier of the commencement of any ground-disturbing activity, or the issuance of any permit necessary to commence a ground-disturbing activity. C. The monitor will complete daily monitoring logs that will provide descriptions of the relevant ground- disturbing activities, the type of construction activities performed, locations of ground- disturbing activities, soil types, cultural-related materials, and any other facts, conditions, materials, or discoveries of significance to the Tribe. Monitor logs will identify and describe any discovered TCRs, including but not limited to, Native American cultural and historical artifacts, remains, places of significance, etc. (collectively, tribal cultural resources, or “TCRs”), as well as any discovered Native American (ancestral) human remains and burial goods. Copies of monitor logs will be provided to the project applicant/lead agency upon written request to the Tribe. D. On-site tribal monitoring shall conclude upon the latter of the following (1) written confirmation to the tribal organization providing the monitors from a designated point of contact for the project applicant/lead agency that all ground-disturbing activities and phases that may involve ground-disturbing activities on the project site or in connection with the project are complete; or (2) a determination and written notification by the tribal organization providing the monitors to the project applicant/lead agency that no future, planned construction activity and/or development/construction phase at the project site possesses the potential to impact TCRs. E. Upon discovery of any TCRs, all construction activities in the immediate vicinity of the discovery shall cease (i.e., not less than the surrounding 50 feet) and shall not resume until the discovered TCR has been fully assessed by the tribal monitor and/or lad qualified archaeologist. The Tribe will recover and retain all discovered TCRs following analysis by the archaeologist in the form and/or manner the Tribe deems appropriate, in the Tribe’s sole discretion, and for any purpose the Tribe deems appropriate, including for educational, cultural and/or historic purposes. SECTION 4.18 – TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.18-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 MM-TCR-2: Unanticipated Discovery of Human Remains and Associated Funerary Objects A. Native American human remains are defined in PRC 5097.98 (d)(1) as an inhumation or cremation, and in any state of decomposition or skeletal completeness. Funerary objects, called associated grave goods in Public Resources Code Section 5097.98, are also to be treated according to this statute. B. If Native American human remains and/or grave goods discovered or recognized on the project site, then all construction activities shall immediately cease. Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 dictates that any discoveries of human skeletal material shall be immediately reported to the County Coroner and all ground-disturbing activities shall immediately halt and shall remain halted until the coroner has determined the nature of the remains. If the coroner recognizes the human remains to be those of a Native American or has reason to believe they are Native American, he or she shall contact, by telephone within 24 hours, the Native American Heritage Commission, and Public Resources Code Section 5097.98 shall be followed. C. Human remains and grave/burial goods shall be treated alike per California Public Resources Code section 5097.98(d)(1) and (2). D. Construction activities may resume in other parts of the project site at a minimum of 200 feet away from discovered human remains and/or burial goods, if the Tribe determines in its sole discretion that resuming construction activities at that distance is acceptable and provides the project manager express consent of that determination (along with any other mitigation measures the tribal monitor and/or archaeologist deems necessary). (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(f).) E. Preservation in place (i.e., avoidance) is the preferred manner of treatment for discovered human remains and/or burial goods. Any historic archaeological material that is not Native American in origin (non-TCR) shall be curated at a public, non-profit institution with a research interest in the materials, such as the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, the Fowler Museum, or the San Bernardino Museum of Natural History, if such an institution agrees to accept the material. If no institution accepts the archaeological material, it shall be offered to a local school or historical society in the area for educational purposes. F. Any discovery of human remains/burial goods shall be kept confidential to prevent further disturbance. MM-TCR-3: Procedures for Burials and Funerary Remains: A. If designated by the Native American Heritage Commission, as the Most Likely Descendant (“MLD”), the Koo-nas-gna Burial Policy shall be implemented. To the Tribe, the term “human remains” encompasses more than human bones. In ancient as well as historic times, Tribal Traditions included, but were not limited to, the preparation of the soil for burial, the burial of funerary objects with the deceased, and the ceremonial burning of human remains. SECTION 4.18 – TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.18-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 B. If the discovery of human remains includes four or more burials, the discovery location shall be treated as a cemetery and a separate treatment plan shall be created. C. The prepared soil and cremation soils are to be treated in the same manner as bone fragments that remain intact. Associated funerary objects are objects that, as part of the death rite or ceremony of a culture, are reasonably believed to have been placed with individual human remains either at the time of death or later; other items made exclusively for burial purposes or to contain human remains can also be considered as associated funerary objects. Cremations will either be removed in bulk or by means as necessary to ensure complete recovery of all sacred materials. D. In the case where discovered human remains cannot be fully documented and recovered on the same day, the remains will be covered with muslin cloth and a steel plate that can be moved by heavy equipment placed over the excavation opening to protect the remains. If this type of steel plate is not available, a 24-hour guard should be posted outside of working hours. The Tribe will make every effort to recommend diverting the project and keeping the remains in situ and protected. If the project cannot be diverted, it may be determined that burials will be removed. E. In the event preservation in place is not possible despite good faith efforts by the project applicant/developer and/or landowner, before ground-disturbing activities may resume on the project site, the landowner shall arrange a designated site location within the footprint of the project for the respectful reburial of the human remains and/or ceremonial objects. F. Each occurrence of human remains and associated funerary objects will be stored using opaque cloth bags. All human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony will be removed to a secure container on site if possible. These items should be retained and reburied within six months of recovery. The site of reburial/repatriation shall be on the project site but at a location agreed upon between the Tribe and the landowner at a site to be protected in perpetuity. There shall be no publicity regarding any cultural materials recovered. G. The Tribe will work closely with the project’s qualified archaeologist to ensure that the excavation is treated carefully, ethically and respectfully. If data recovery is approved by the Tribe, documentation shall be prepared and shall include (at a minimum) detailed descriptive notes and sketches. All data recovery data recovery-related forms of documentation shall be approved in advance by the Tribe. If any data recovery is performed, once complete, a final report shall be submitted to the Tribe and the NAHC. The Tribe does NOT authorize any scientific study or the utilization of any invasive and/or destructive diagnostics on human remains. Level of Significance After Mitigation With implementation of mitigation measures TCR-1, TCR-2 and TCR-3 above, potential impacts related to TCRs would be less than significant. SECTION 4.19 – UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.19-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.19 Utilities and Service Systems Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects? X b)Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years? X c)Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments? X d)Generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals? X e)Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? X a)Would the project require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects? Less than Significant Impact Water Treatment: As detailed in threshold 4.19 b) below, there would be sufficient water supplies to serve the project site. Therefore, the proposed project would not require new or expanded water facilities. The project would have a less than significant impact in this regard. Wastewater Treatment: Wastewater treatment for the portion of the city of Fontana including the project site is provided by the City of Rialto, The City of Rialto’s Wastewater Treatment Plant has SECTION 4.19 – UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.19-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 capacity of 11.7 million gallons per day (mgd) and wastewater flows of approximately 7 mgd, for residual capacity of approximately 4.7 mgd (WSC, 2021a). The project proposes an industrial development on an approximately 4.49-acre site. As shown in Table 4.19-1, the proposed project is estimated to generate approximately 48 gallons per day of effluent. The wastewater estimated to be generated by the proposed project per day is a fraction of Inland Empire Utilities Agency’s (IEUA) Regional Water Recycling Plant No.1 (RP-1) residual capacity. Therefore, there is sufficient capacity available at the RP-1 to meet the needs of the proposed project. Table 4.19-1 ESTIMATED PROJECT WASTEWATER GENERATION Land Use Generation Rate Gallons Per Net Acre Per Day (GPAD)1 Net Acres Wastewater Generated (GPD) Industrial 10.76 4.49 48.31 Notes: 1 Stantec, 2018b General Plan Update DEIR, Table 5.12-8 Wastewater Generation Factors, p. 5.12-5.17. The project proposes offsite sewer improvements to connect the sewer lines from the project site to the existing sewer network in Mango Avenue. All sewer line sizes and connections are subject to review by the city. The project applicant will work with the City’s Public Works Department for necessary approvals and ensure compliance with applicable requirements. No new treatment facilities or expanded entitlements will be required. Therefore, the project would have a less than significant impact regarding wastewater treatment. Stormwater Drainage: An existing master plan storm drain line is present in Summit Avenue. The project proposes construction of two new catch basins and extension of the existing storm drain near the southwestern corner of the project site. Onsite surface flows will discharge into this network of catch basins and storm drain systems before entering the main storm drain line in Summit Avenue. Therefore, a less than significant impact would occur. Electric Power: Electric power for the City of Fontana is provided by Southern California Edison (SCE) (City of Fontana, 2021c). The proposed project is located in a developed area, and infrastructure for providing electric power to the area is well established. SCE typically utilizes existing utility corridors to reduce environmental impacts and has energy-efficiency programs to reduce energy usage and maintain reliable service throughout the year (SCE, 2021). The project would be constructed in accordance with all applicable Title 24 regulations and would not require the construction or relocation of electric power facilities. Therefore, a less than significant impact would occur. Natural Gas: The Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) is the primary distributor of natural gas across Southern California, including the City of Fontana. In 2020 California Gas Report, SoCalGas analyzed a 15-year demand period, from 2020-2035, to determine its ability to meet projected demand (California Gas and Electric Utilities, 2020). The statewide natural gas demand is projected to decline at an average rate of 1.0 percent each year through 2035. The decline comes from reduced gas demand in the major market segment areas of residential, electric generation (EG), commercial, and industrial (California Gas and Electric Utilities, 2020). SECTION 4.19 – UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.19-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Moreover, SoCalGas plans on implementing aggressive energy-efficiency programs that will result in natural gas savings across all sectors that will ensure longevity of its natural gas supplies and adequate generation rates (California Gas and Electric Utilities, 2020, p. 109). Therefore, anticipated natural gas supply is adequate to meet demand in the SoCalGas region, and the proposed project is not expected to impact this determination. Thus, no natural gas facilities would have to be constructed or relocated, and a less than significant impact would occur. Telecommunications Facilities: Telecommunication services, including internet, phone, and television, for the city of Fontana are provided by AT&T. The AT&T tower nearest the proposed project is located near 6101 Cherry Avenue (AT&T, 2021), approximately three miles southwest of the project site (Google Earth Pro, 2021). The proposed project would not interfere with operation of AT&T’s facilities, and a less than significant impact would occur. b)Would the project have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years? Less than Significant Impact The project site lies within the service area of the West Valley Water District (WVWD) and participates in the San Bernardino Valley Regional Urban Water Management Plan; this Urban Water Management Plan (UQMP) is a tool that provides a summary of anticipated supplies and demands for the years 2015 to 2040 (Water Systems Consulting, Inc., 2017). WVWD obtains its water supplies from three sources: 1), local surface water from the San Gabriel Mountains, including Lytle Creek; 2), groundwater from the Lytle Creek, Bunker Hill, Rialto-Colton, Riverside North, and Chino subbasins of the Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin; and 3), water imported from northern California via the State Water Project (SWP). WVWD forecasts that its 2025 water supplies will be approximately 63 percent groundwater, 11 percent local surface water, and 26 percent imported water (WSC, 2021b, p. 10-14). During normal and wet years, WVWD uses SWP water for groundwater recharge. Additionally, the WVWD would implement a water shortage contingency plan that is separated into four stages of water rationing. In each of the water rationing stages, there are different restrictions that would limit the use of water use such as landscaping, construction water use, maintenance of leaking pipes, etc. (Water Systems Consulting, Inc., 2021). To determine the reliability of its water supplies, WVWD analyzed anticipated water supply and demand for normal, dry, and multiple dry years. These analyses totaled the amount of water expected from each of its supplies during various types of years, and compared them with anticipated demand, accounting for water conservation policies to be implemented in dry years. As shown in Tables 4.19-2, 4.19-3, and 4.19-4 below, WVWD forecasts that it will have adequate water supplies to meet demands in normal, dry, and multiple dry years. WVWD water demand forecasts are based on Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) regional demographic forecasts, which in turn are based on local jurisdictions’ General Plan land use buildout projections (WSC, 2021b, p. 10-5). The proposed warehouse project is consistent with the existing General Plan land use designation of General Commercial; thus, the proposed project is accounted for in WVWD water demand forecasts. SECTION 4.19 – UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.19-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table 4.19-2 WVWD NORMAL YEAR SUPPLY AND DEMAND COMPARISON (AF) Totals 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Supply Totals 28,791 30,603 32,415 34,229 28,791 Demand Totals 25,035 26,611 28,188 29,764 25,035 Difference 3,756 3,993 4,227 4,464 3,756 Notes: Volumes are in acre-feet (AF). Source: Water Systems Consulting, Inc., 2021, p. 10-22 Table 4.19-3 WVWD SINGLE DRY YEAR SUPPLY AND DEMAND COMPARISON (AF) Totals 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Supply Totals 29,676 31,670 33,663 35,657 37,651 Demand Totals 25,805 27,539 29,273 31,006 32,740 Difference 3,871 4,131 4,391 4,651 4,911 Notes: Volumes are in acre-feet (AF). Source: Water Systems Consulting, Inc., 2021, p. 10-27 Table 4.19-4 WVWD MULTIPLE DRY YEARS SUPPLY AND DEMAND COMPARISON (AF) Year Totals 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 First Year Supply Totals 29,676 31,670 33,663 35,657 37,651 Demand Totals 25,805 27,539 29,273 31,006 32,740 Difference 3,871 4,131 4,391 4,651 4,911 Second Year Supply Totals 29,676 31,670 33,663 35,657 37,651 Demand Totals 25,805 27,539 29,273 31,006 32,740 Difference 3,871 4,131 4,391 4,651 4,911 Third Year Supply Totals 29,676 31,670 33,663 35,657 37,651 Demand Totals 25,805 27,539 29,273 31,006 32,740 Difference 3,871 4,131 4,391 4,651 4,911 Fourth Year Supply Totals 29,676 31,670 33,663 35,657 37,651 Demand Totals 25,805 27,539 29,273 31,006 32,740 Difference 3,871 4,131 4,391 4,651 4,911 Fifth Year Supply Totals 29,676 31,670 33,663 35,657 37,651 SECTION 4.19 – UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.19-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Year Totals 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Demand Totals 25,805 27,539 29,273 31,006 32,740 Difference 3,871 4,131 4,391 4,651 4,911 Notes: Volumes are in acre-feet (AF). Source: Water Systems Consulting, Inc., 2021. Project operational water demand is estimated as 140 percent of project wastewater generation, that is, approximately 67.6 gallons per day. Sufficient water supplies are available in the region for estimated project water demands in normal, single-dry-year, and multiple-dry-year conditions, and project impacts on water supplies would be less than significant. c)Would the project result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments? Less than Significant Impact As described under threshold 4.19 a) above, the volume of wastewater generated by the project represents only a small fraction of the existing daily capacity of the wastewater treatment facility providing service in the area. Therefore, the wastewater anticipated to be generated by the project would be within the existing capacity of the wastewater treatment provider and less than significant impacts would occur. d)Would the project generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals? Less than Significant Impact Solid waste disposal services for Fontana are provided by Burrtec Waste Industries, a private company under franchise agreement with the city. Burrtec also operates the City’s curbside recycling (including greenwaste recycling) program. In 2019, the latest year for which data are available, more than 99 percent of solid waste landfilled from the city of Fontana was disposed of at the landfills described below in Table 4.19-5. Table 4.19-5 LANDFILLS SERVING FONTANA Facility and Nearest City/Community Remaining Capacity, cubic yards Daily Permitted Disposal Capacity, tons Actual Daily Disposal, tons1 Residual Daily Disposal Capacity, tons Estimated Closing Date Azusa Land Reclamation Co. Landfill, Azusa, Los Angeles County 51,512,201 8,000 934 7,066 2045 SECTION 4.19 – UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.19-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Facility and Nearest City/Community Remaining Capacity, cubic yards Daily Permitted Disposal Capacity, tons Actual Daily Disposal, tons1 Residual Daily Disposal Capacity, tons Estimated Closing Date Badlands Sanitary Landfill, Moreno Valley, Riverside County 15,748,799 4,800 2,813 1,987 2022 El Sobrante Landfill, Corona, Riverside County 143,977,170 16,054 11,398 4,656 2051 Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill, Rialto, San Bernardino County 61,219,377 7,500 3,646 3,854 2045 Total 272,457,547 36,354 18,791 17,563 Not applicable 1 Daily disposal calculated based on annual disposal tonnage assuming 300 operating days per year: that is, six days per week less certain holidays. Sources: CalRecycle. 2020a. Jurisdiction Disposal by Facility; CalRecycle. 2020[b, c, d, and e]. Solid Waste Information System (SWIS): SWIS Facility/Site Search; CalRecycle. 2020f. 2019 Landfill Summary Tonnage Report. Project construction and operation would generate solid waste requiring disposal at local landfills. Materials generated during construction of the project would include paper, cardboard, metal, plastics, glass, concrete, lumber scraps and other materials. During construction (short-term) and operation (long- term), bulk solid waste, excess building material, fill, and other construction-related solid waste, would be disposed of in a manner consistent with State of California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989 (CIWMA) and would be removed from the project site. Existing regulations related to recycling during construction and operation phases of the project require that the project provide readily accessible areas that serve the entire building and are identified for the depositing, storage, and collection of nonhazardous materials for recycling, including (at a minimum) paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, and metals. The project is anticipated to have 45 employees (see Table 4.14-1 in Section 4.14). Project operational solid waste generation is estimated to be 54 tons per year using the solid waste generation rate in Table 4.19-6. The combined remaining capacity at the four landfills serving Fontana is over 17,000 tons per day. Therefore, the project’s operational solid waste generation would represent a small fraction of the City’s landfill capacity. Table 4.19-6 ESTIMATED PROJECT-GENERATED SOLID WASTE Land Use Generation Rate1 Waste (tons/year) Transportation related light- industrial 1.20 (tons/employee/year)54 Notes: 1 Cal Recycle, 2015. 2014 Generator Based Characterization of Commercial Sector Disposal and Diversion in California. Accessed online at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/WasteCharacterization/PubExtracts/2014/GenSummary.pdf on October 26, 2021. SECTION 4.19 – UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.19-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Therefore, project impacts on existing solid waste disposal facilities would be less than significant. e)Would the project comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? Less than Significant Impact In 1989, the California Legislature enacted the California Integrated Waste Management Act (AB 939), in an effort to address solid waste problems and capacities in a comprehensive manner. The law required each city and county to divert 50 percent of its waste from landfills by the year 2000. The San Bernardino Countywide Integrated Waste Management Plan (SBCIWMP) outlines the goals, policies, and programs the County and its cities would implement to create an integrated and cost-effective waste management system that complies with the provisions of AB 939 and its diversion mandates. The Infrastructure and Green Systems Element of the City of Fontana General Plan outlines programs to reduce, recycle and properly divert solid waste from sanitary landfills (Stantec, 2018a, p. 10.8). Solid waste generated by the project would be collected by Burrtec Waste Industries, the designated waste hauler, and transported offsite to transfer facilities and landfills for reuse, recycling and/or disposal, as appropriate (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.12-20). Burrtec delivers solid waste to the Mid-Valley Landfill, which operates under a permit from San Bernardino County Department of Public Health, Solid Waste Management Division which requires regular reporting and monitors compliance. Assembly Bill 341 (AB 341; Chapter 476, Statutes of 2011) increases the statewide waste diversion goal to 75 percent by 2020, and mandates recycling for commercial and multi-family residential land uses. The project would include storage areas for recyclable materials in accordance with AB 341. Section 5.408 (Construction Waste Reduction, Disposal, and Recycling) of the 2019 California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen; Title 24, California Code of Regulations, Part 11) requires that at least 65 percent of the nonhazardous construction and demolition waste from nonresidential construction operations be recycled and/or salvaged for reuse. Project construction would include diversion of at least 65 percent of construction waste for recycling and/or salvage, in accordance with CALGreen Section 5.408. The proposed project would comply with the SBCIWMP and the City’s waste reduction procedures. Impacts are considered less than significant. SECTION 4.20 – WILDFIRE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.20-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.20 Wildfire If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a) Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? X b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire? X c) Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment? X d) Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes? X The City is surrounded by foothills that have steep terrain, and the weather patterns feature high temperatures and low humidity, as well as seasonal high-speed Santa Ana winds. These factors together, with many homes that are built near or in the wildland-urban interface, have created severe wildfire hazards. Historically, most of the wildfires in the City have occurred in northwest Fontana, with occasional fires in the Jurupa Hills. Northwest Fontana has tall vegetation, steep slopes and is subject to hot Santa Ana winds blowing down the Cajon Pass (Fontana, 2021). The City has established a Fire Hazard Overlay District in sections of North Fontana and open space areas in South Fontana to reduce risk from wildfire. As demonstrated in Figure 4.9-1 (refer to Section 4.9), the project site is located in a Fire Hazard Severity Zone Local Responsibility Area. a)If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? Less than Significant Impact The project site is located in areas or lands classified as VHFHSZs. The City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) anticipates that all interstates would serve as evacuation routes, and Interstate 210 is adjacent to the site, accessible from an on-ramp 0.98 mile south of the site at Sierra Avenue. The City has accommodated for continued growth and development in VHFHSZs and the proposed project would not affect efficacy of established fire-safety plans. Since the project is located in a LRA and SECTION 4.20 – WILDFIRE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.20-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 development in LRAs and VHFHSZs has been accounted for in the City’s safety plans, the project would not impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan (City of Fontana, 2018). A less than significant impact would occur. b)If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire? Less than Significant Impact A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that spreads through vegetative fuels, posing danger and threatening life and property. Wildfires can occur in undeveloped areas and spread to urban areas. No slopes are located on the project site which could exacerbate wildfire risks. Historically, northwestern Fontana has faced the majority of wildfires in the city due to slopes and Santa Ana winds blowing down from the Cajon Pass. The Jurupa Mountains are approximately seven miles south of the project site and the San Gabriel Mountains are located approximately three miles north of the project site (Google Earth Pro, 2020); and these fires have been contained in that region (Stantec, 2018b, pp. 5.7-10 – 5.7-11). Therefore, the project would not expose project occupants (i.e., those working at the project site during project operations) to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire. A less than significant impact would occur. c)If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment? Less than Significant Impact The project site is located in areas or lands classified as VHFHSZs. However, the project would not require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure that may exacerbate fire risk. The project would involve utility extensions to existing infrastructure in Sierra Avenue and/or Summit Avenue. As demonstrated in this document, neither construction nor operation of the project would result in significant temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment, and would be constructed in compliance with applicable building and fire codes. Therefore, the proposed project would have a less than significant impact in this regard. d)If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes? Less than Significant Impact The project site is located in areas or lands classified as VHFHSZs. However, the proposed project would not expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes. The project site is relatively flat and is not located in an area with high slopes or unstable ground SECTION 4.20 – WILDFIRE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.20-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 conditions. Moreover, the City of Fontana 2017 LHMP, states that there have been no historical occurrences of landslides in the city. The majority of the City of Fontana, including the project site, has relatively stable geology and soils with a very low risk of liquefaction (Stantec, 2018b, p. 5.5-10). Therefore, the proposed project would have a less than significant impact in this regard. SECTION 4.21 – MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.21-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 4.21 Mandatory Findings of Significance Does the project have: Potentially Significant Impact Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Less than Significant Impact No Impact a)The potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self- sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory? X b)Impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? ("Cumulatively considerable" means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects)? X c)Environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? X a)Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated Section 4.4 of this document addresses impacts on biological resources. The project site is located in an urbanized setting and provides low habitat value and low occurrence potential for special-status plant and wildlife species identified in the BSA. Based on an assessment of the wildlife species generated by the literature review and query from publicly available databases18 for reported occurrences within a 5-mile radius of the project site, six listed and 24 sensitive plant species have b 18 Databases include California Natural Diversity Database and USFWS’ Information, Planning, and Conservation, (IPaC). Previous studies and reports within the project site and project vicinity were reviewed to gain a sense of the existing conditions at the time the studies were conducted. SECTION 4.21 – MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.21-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 een recorded as being observed in the project vicinity; however, only four of these species were determined to have a potential to occur within two-miles of the proposed project. Only one of these species, Parry's spineflower has a potential to occur within the BSA; the BSA does not contain suitable habitat for the other three species. One listed (Crotch bumble bee) and four sensitive wildlife species were determined to have at least a low potential and three sensitive species were determined to have a moderate potential to occur in the BSA. No special-status wildlife species were observed within the BSA during the biological survey; however, suitable habitat for COHA was observed offsite within the BSA. There are no trees on the project site that could be utilized as nesting sites by COHA and this species would likely only forage onsite. It was determined that construction of the project would have potentially indirect impacts on COHA breeding behavior. With the implementation of mitigation measures BIO-1 through BIO- 5, the project would have a less than significant impact on special-status plant and wildlife species. Section 4.5 of this document addresses potential impacts on Cultural Resources. The project would be built on vacant land that has been graded. The cultural resources records search conducted for the project site at the SCCIC determined that 11 historic-era resources have been recorded within a 0.5-mile radius of the area of potential effect (APE) of the project boundary but no resources have been recorded within the APE. Of the 11 historic sites, six are historic dirt roads which either no longer exist are have been substantially altered. The result of the pedestrian survey was negative for both prehistoric and historic sites and isolates on the project site. Based on the results of the records search and tribal consultation it is unlikely that cultural resources or tribal resources would be adversely affected by construction of the project. No human remains have been previously identified or recorded onsite. It is unlikely that undisturbed unique archaeological resources exist on the project site. However, grading activities associated with development of the project would cause new subsurface disturbance and could potentially result in the unanticipated discovery of archaeological resources. Mitigation measures CUL-1, CUL-2 and CUL-3 are recommended to reduce potential impacts on archeological resources and human remains to a less than significant level. b)Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? ("Cumulatively considerable" means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects)? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated The proposed project would be consistent with regional plans and programs that address environmental factors such as air quality, water quality, and other applicable regulations that have been adopted by public agencies with jurisdiction over the project for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating environmental effects. Sections 4.3 and 4.13 of this Initial Study address potential impacts related to Air Quality and Noise, respectively. As detailed in Section 4.3, air quality impacts associated with project construction and operation would be less than significant and do not warrant mitigation. As detailed in Section 4.13, construction and operational noise impacts associated with the project site were found to be less than significant and do not warrant mitigation. The project would create employment opportunities (both during the construction and operational phases); employees from the local workforce would be hired during both the construction and operational phases of the project. The project is not of the scope or scale to induce people to move from outside of the project area to work at the proposed project. The project does not include a SECTION 4.21 – MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 4.21-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 housing component or otherwise support an increase in the resident population of the City and would utilize existing infrastructure for its operation. Therefore, indirect population growth resulting solely from the project is expected to be less than significant. Because the project would not increase environmental impacts after mitigation measures are incorporated, the incremental contribution to cumulative impacts is anticipated to be less than significant with mitigation incorporated. c)Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated As detailed in Section 4.9 (Hazards and Hazardous Materials), the RecCheck report found no potential areas of concern/contamination on the project site (Environmental Records Search, 2021, p. 3-4). Additionally, the construction of the proposed project would adhere to applicable federal, state and local regulations in regard to the safe handling and transportation of hazardous materials during construction. Further, the future tenant is unknown at this time and use of specific hazardous materials is unknown. With the implementation of mitigation measures HAZ-1 and TRANS-1, potential impacts associated with handling of hazardous materials would be less than significant. As discussed in Sections 4.1 through 4.20 of this document, after the implementation of mitigation measures, potential adverse environmental effects were found to be less than significant on human beings, either directly or indirectly. Therefore, less than significant impacts would occur. SECTION 5.0 - REFERENCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 5-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 5.0 REFERENCES Allard Engineering, 2020. Preliminary Water Quality Management Plan for Sierra/Summit. November 3, 2020. ARB (California Air Resources Board), 1998. The Report on Diesel Exhaust. Accessed online at https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/toxics/dieseltac/de-fnds.pdf , accessed on December 6, 2021. ARB, 2016. Changes to California’s Commercial Vehicle Idling Regulation. Accessed online at https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/msprog/truck-idling/factsheet.pdf, accessed on October 13, 2021. ARB, 2017. Sulfur Dioxide Designations. Accessed online at https://www.epa.gov/sulfur-dioxide- designations/epa-completes-third-round-sulfur-dioxide-designations , accessed on December 5, 2021. ARB, 2021. iADAM Air Quality Data Statistics. California Air Resources Board. http://www.arb.ca.gov/adam , accessed December 5, 2021. AT&T, 2021. Tower Locations, Accessed online at https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ie=UTF&msa=0&mid=1_qQaL6OE7Yg94UAiqC3aLh w4gJ8&ll=34.050578256513354%2C-117.17692818594045&z=11 on October 12, 2021. Bolster, B.C., 1998. Terrestrial Mammal Species of Special Concern in California. Brylski, P. 1988-1990a. Los Angeles Pocket Mouse. CDFW California Wildlife Habitat Relationships Life History Account. In: Zeiner et al. 1988-1990. California's Wildlife. Vol. I-III. California. 1990. Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California Brylski, P. 1988-1990b. San Diego Pocket Mouse. CDFW California Wildlife Habitat Relationships Life History Account. In: Zeiner et al. 1988-1990. California's Wildlife. Vol. I-III. California. 1990. Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California BREEZE Software, 2021. California Emissions Estimator Model. User’s Guide, Version 2020.4.0. Prepared for the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association, in collaboration with South Coast Air Quality Management District and the California Air Districts. May 2021. CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency), 2006. Climate Action Team Report to Governor Schwarzenegger and the California Legislature. Accessed online at http://s3-us-west- 2.amazonaws.com/ucldc-nuxeo-ref-media/0bdec21c-ca2b-4f4d-9e11-35935ac4cf5f , accessed on October 25, 2021. CalEPA, 2021. Cortese List. Accessed online at https://calepa.ca.gov/sitecleanup/corteselist/, accessed on October 13, 2021. CAL FIRE, 2021. Fire Hazard Severity Zone Viewer. Accessed online at https://egis.fire.ca.gov/FHSZ/ , accessed on December 9, 2021. SECTION 5.0 - REFERENCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 5-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Calflora, 2021. Information on California plants for education, research and conservation. Observation Search. Available athttps://www.calflora.org Accessed on September 1, 2021. California Gas and Electric Utilities, 2020. 2020 California Gas Report, Available on line at: https://www.socalgas.com/sites/default/files/2020- 10/2020_California_Gas_Report_Joint_Utility_Biennial_Comprehensive_Filing.pdf Accessed on October 11, 2021. Cal-IPC (California Invasive Plant Council). 2006. California Invasive Plant Inventory. Cal-IPC Publication 2006-02. California Invasive Plant Council: Berkeley, CA. California Seismic Safety Commission, 2020. Tsunami Information. What is a Tsunami? Accessed online at: https://ssc.ca.gov/disasters/tsunami.html on November 6, 2021. CalRecycle, 2019. CalRecycle website https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/1880?siteID=2662, Accessed on October 26, 2021. California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). 2021. Jurisdiction Disposal and Alternative Daily Cover (ADC) Tons by Facility. Accessed online at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/LGCentral/DisposalReporting/Destination/DisposalByFacility , on November 15, 2021. CalRecycle, 2021b. SWIS Facility Detail: Azusa Land Reclamation Co. Landfill. Accessed online at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/3532?siteID=1001, on November 15, 2021. CalRecycle, 2021c. SWIS Facility Detail: Badlands Sanitary Landfill. Accessed online at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/2245?siteID=2367, on November 15, 2021.CalRecycle, 2021d. SWIS Facility Detail: El Sobrante Landfill. Accessed online at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/2280?siteID=2402, on November 15, 2021. CalRecycle, 2021e. SWIS Facility Detail: Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill. Accessed online at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/1880?siteID=2662, on November 15, 2021. CalRecycle (California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery). 2020f. Landfill Tonnage Reports. Accessed on November 15, 2021at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/LandfillTipFees/. Caltrans, 2013. Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol. California Department of Transportation, Division of Environmental Analysis. Accessed on September 22, 2021 Caltrans, 2021. California Department of Transportation. Scenic Highway Mapping System. Accessed online at: https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-landscape-architecture-and-community- livability/lap-liv-i-scenic-highways. Accessed on September 22, 2021. SECTION 5.0 - REFERENCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 5-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 CAPCOA, 2008. CEQA & Climate Change. Evaluating and Addressing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Projects Subject to the California Environmental Quality Act. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association, January. https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CAPCOA-1000- 2008-010/CAPCOA-1000-2008-010.pdf. CAPCOA, 2021. California Emissions Estimator Model®, Version 2020.4.0. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association. Chico, T. and Koizumi, J. 2008. Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, California. June 2003. Revised June 2008. URL: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/localized-significance- thresholds/final-lst-methodology-document.pdf?sfvrsn=2. Accessed on December 6, 2021. CDFG (California Department of Fish and Game), 2012. Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation. State of California, Natural Resources Agency, Department of Fish and Game. March 7, 2012. CDFW (California Department of Fish and Wildlife). 2014. CDFW California Interagency Wildlife Task Group. CWHR version 9.0 personal computer program. Sacramento, CA. Retrieved from https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR/Life-History-and-Range. Retrieved on August 20, 2021. CDFW. 2018. Protocols for Surveying and Evaluating Impacts to Special Status Native Plant Populations and Natural Communities. California Natural Resources Agency, CDFW. March 20, 2018. CDFW. 2021a. California Natural Community List. Retrieved from https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/VegCAMP/Natural-Communities. Accessed on August 20, 2021. CDFW. 2021b. CDFW California Wildlife Habitat Relationships Life History Accounts and Range Maps. Available at https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR/Life-History-and-Range. Accessed on August 20, 2021. CDFW. 2021c. CDFW BIOS. Natural Areas Small – California Essential Habitat Connectivity (CEHC) [ds1073]. Available at https://apps.wildlife.ca.gov/bios/. Accessed on August 22, 2021. CDFW. 2022. Frequently Asked Questions: How Do I Remove Nuissance Wildlife From My Property? (website). Available at https://wildlife.ca.gov/Living-with-Wildlife#550022425-how-do-i- remove-nuisance-wildlife-from-my-property. Accessed on June 3, 2022. CGS (California Geological Survey), 2021a. Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation. Accessed online at https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/EQZApp/app/ , accessed on December 3, 2021. CGS, 2021b. Tsunami Maps. Accessed online at https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/tsunami/maps , accessed on December 6, 2021. City of Fontana, 2017. City of Fontana Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. June 2017. Approved and adopted August 14, 2018. CC Resolution No. 2018-072. Available at SECTION 5.0 - REFERENCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 5-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 https://fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/28274/2017-Local-Hazard-Mitigation-Plan. Downloaded on April 6, 2020. City of Fontana, 2017a. Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. Accessed online at https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/28274/2017-Local-Hazard-Mitigation-Plan , accessed on October 20, 2021. City of Fontana, 2017b Accessed online at https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/27009/ATP- Final-Report, accessed on October 14, 2021. City of Fontana, 2018. Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, Appendix E – Hazard Screening Maps, Adopted August 14, 2018. Available online at: https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/29774/LHMP- Appendix-E---Hazard-Screening-Maps. Accessed March 31, 2020. City of Fontana, 2018a. Police Department Organizational Chart, July 1, 2018. Available online at: https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/22742/PD-Org-Chart?bidId=. Accessed on September 14, 2021. City of Fontana, 2018b. Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, Appendix E – Hazard Screening Maps, Adopted August 14, 2018. Available online at: https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/29774/LHMP-Appendix-E---Hazard- Screening-Maps. Accessed September 16, 2021. City of Fontana, 2019c. Adopted Operating Budget, Fiscal Year 2019-2020, June 19, 2019. Available online at: https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/29901/2019--2020-Adopted-Operating- Budget?bidId=. Accessed on September 14, 2021. City of Fontana, 2020a. Facilities and Parks. https://www.fontana.org/156/Facilities-Parks. Accessed on September 14, 2021. City of Fontana, 2020b. Utilities. https://www.fontana.org/3032/Utilities. Accessed on September 14, 2021. City of Fontana, 2020c. Fire Stations. https://www.fontana.org/639/Stations-Equipment. Accessed on September 14, 2021. City of Fontana, 2020d. Police Department. https://www.fontana.org/2808/Contact-Us. Accessed on September 14, 2021. City of Fontana, 2020e. Business Resource Center. Available online at: https://www.fontana.org/761/Business-Resource-Center. Accessed on September 14, 2021.. City of Fontana, 2020h. Public Departments. https://www.fontana.org/8/Departments. Accessed on September 14, 2021. SECTION 5.0 - REFERENCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 5-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 City of Fontana, 2021. Personal Wildfire Action Plan. Available online at: https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/2143/Personal-Wildfire-Action-Plan-PDF. Accessed November 2, 2021. City of Fontana, 2021 Municipal Code. Accessed online at https://library.municode.com/ca/fontana/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH18NU accessed on September 16, 2021. City of Fontana, October 2020. Regular City Council Meeting Action Report and Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines for Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and Level of Service Assessment https://www.fontana.org/DocumentCenter/View/35928/TIA-Guidelines---VMT-Assessment adopted by the City on June 2020 and Amended in October 2020. City of Fontana, 2021a. General Plan Land Use Map. 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August 2003. http://www.aqmd.gov/home/rules- compliance/ceqa/air-quality-analysis-handbook/mobile-source-toxics-analysis, Accessed on April 15, 2022. SCAQMD, 2008. Draft Guidance Document – Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Threshold. South Coast Air Quality Management District. October 2008. http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/greenhouse-gases-(ghg)-ceqa- significance-thresholds/ghgattachmente.pdf. SCAQMD, 2010. Minutes for the GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Stakeholder Working Group #15. September 28, 2010. South Coast Air Quality Management Board. September 28, 2010. http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/greenhouse-gases-(ghg)-ceqa- significance-thresholds/year-2008-2009/ghg-meeting-15/ghg-meeting-15-minutes.pdf). SCAQMD, 2017. Final 2016 Air Quality Management Plan. South Coast Air Quality Management District. March 2017. 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Email from Associate Planner, City of Fontana, California to Hina Gupta, Project Manager, UltraSystems Environmental Incorporated. April 5, 2022. Shuford, W.D., and Gardali, T., editors. 2008. California Bird Species of Special Concern: A ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in California. Studies of Western Birds 1. Western Field Ornithologists, Camarillo, California, and California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento. Sibley, David Allen. 2000. National Audubon Society, The Sibley Guide to Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. SoCalGas (Southern California Gas Company), 2020. Natural Gas Transmission. Accessed online at: https://www.socalgas.com/stay-safe/pipeline-and-storage-safety/natural-gas-transmission on October 11, 2021. SECTION 5.0 - REFERENCES 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 5-10 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Stantec, 2018a. 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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/kbcs.html#CA]. Current Data as of November 30, 2021. Accessed December 2021. USEPA, 2021d - Carbon Monoxide (1971) Maintenance Area (Redesignated from Nonattainment) State/Area/County Report: Green Book. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Current [https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/cmcs.html#CA]. November 30, 2021. Accessed December 2021. USEPA, 2021e - Nitrogen Dioxide (1971) Maintenance Area (Redesignated from Nonattainment) State/Area/County Report.: Green Book. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Current [https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/nmcs.html]. Data as of November 30, 2021. USEPA, 2021f. Overview of Greenhouse Gases. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases. Accessed October 25, 2021. USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office. 2020a. Official Species List: Consultation Code: 08ECAR00-2020-E-01792. Carlsbad, California. March 12, 2020. USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), 2020b. Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC), IPaC Resource List. Available at https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/. Accessed on August 8 12, 2021. USFWS (United States Fish and Wildlife Service). 2008. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Designation of Critical Habitat for the San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami parvus); Final Rule. 73 FR 20581; 50 CFR 17; FWS-R8-ES-2007-0008-0041. October 17, 2008. USFWS. 2021a. Information for Planning, and Consultation (IPaC), IPaC Resource List. August 17, 2021. Retrieved from http://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/ Accessed on August 17, 2021. USFWS. 2021b. USFWS ECOS: Environmental Conservation Online System Species Reports. Available at https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species-reports. Accessed on August 20, 2021. USFWS. 2021c. National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) website, National Wetlands Mapper. 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Accessed at https://secureservercdn.net/104.238.69.81/n1s.6f9.myftpupload.com/wp- content/uploads/2017/11/District-Service-Area.pdf on October 12, 2021. Zeiner, D.C., W.F. Laudenslayer, Jr., K.E. Mayer, and M. White, eds. 1988-1990. California's Wildlife. Vol. I- III. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California. Updated September, 2000. Available at https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR/Life-History-and-Range. Accessed on September 22, 2020. SECTION 6.0 – LIST OF PREPARERS 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 6-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 6.0 LIST OF PREPARERS 6.1 Lead Agency (CEQA) Cecily Session-Goins, Associate Planner City of Fontana 8353 Sierra Avenue Fontana CA 92335-3528 (909) 350-6723 CSGoins@fontana.org 6.2 Project Applicant SKG Pacific Enterprises Inc. 1633 Glenwood Avenue Upland, CA 91784 6.3 Project Engineering Team Allard Engineering 16866 Seville Avenue, Fontana, CA 92336 6.4 UltraSystems Environmental, Inc. 6.4.1 Environmental Planning Team Betsy Lindsay, M.A., MURP, ENV SP, Project Director Hina Gupta, MURP, LEED AP, Project Manager Michael Milroy, MS, Senior Planner 6.4.2 Technical Team Allison Carver, B.S./B.A., Senior Biologist David Luhrsen, B.S., Word Processing/Administrative Assistant Hugo Flores, B.S., Staff Biologist Joe O’Bannon, B.S., Senior Engineer Megan Black Doukakis, M.A., Archaeological Technician Michael Rogozen, D. Env, Senior Principal Engineer Michelle Tollett, B.A., Senior Biologist Stephen O’Neil, M.A., RPA, Cultural Resources Manager Victor Paitimusa, B.A., Associate Planner Tajreen Sumaia, B.A., Associate Planner Billye Breckenridge, B.A., Assistant Project Manager/GIS Specialist Andrew Soto, B.A., Word Processing/Technical Editing 6.4.3 IBI Group – VMT Analysis Mike Arizabal, Senior Transportation Planner SECTION 7.0 - MITIGATION MONITORING & REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-1 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 7.0 MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM The Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) has been prepared in conformance with § 21081.6 of the Public Resources Code and § 15097 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines, which requires all state and local agencies to establish monitoring or reporting programs whenever approval of a project relies upon a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) or an Environmental Impact Report (EIR). The MMRP ensures implementation of the measures being imposed to mitigate or avoid the significant adverse environmental impacts identified through the use of monitoring and reporting. Monitoring is generally an ongoing or periodic process of project oversight; reporting generally consists of a written compliance review that is presented to the decision-making body or authorized staff person. It is the intent of the MMRP to: (1) provide a framework for document implementation of the required mitigation; (2) identify monitoring/reporting responsibility; (3) provide a record of the monitoring/reporting; and (4) ensure compliance with those mitigation measures that are within the responsibility of the lead agency and/or project applicant to implement. The following subjects require mitigation: Aesthetics Biological Resources Cultural Resources Geology and Soils Hazards and Hazardous Materials Transportation Tribal Cultural Resources The following subjects do not require mitigation: Agriculture and Forestry Air Quality Energy Greenhouse Gas Emissions Hydrology and Water Quality Land Use and Planning Mineral Resources Noise Population and Housing Public Services Recreation Utilities and Services Wildfire Table 7.0-1 lists impacts, mitigation measures and project improvement measures adopted by the City of Fontana in connection with approval of the proposed project, level of significance after mitigation, responsible and monitoring parties, and the project phase in which the measures are to be implemented. Only those environmental topics for which mitigation is required are listed in this Mitigation, Monitoring and Reporting Program. SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-2 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 Table 7.0-1 MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE 4.1 Aesthetics Threshold 4.1 d) Would the project create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? AES-1: Prior to the issuance of any building permits, the applicant shall submit lighting plans and specifications for all exterior lighting fixtures and light standards to the City of Fontana Planning and Building Department for review and approval. The plans shall include a photometric design study demonstrating that all outdoor light fixtures to be installed are designed or located in a manner as to contain the direct rays from the lights on-site and to minimize spillover of light onto surrounding properties or roadways. All night lighting installed on the project site shall be shielded, directed away from surrounding properties and confined to the project site. All parking lot and roof top lighting shall be shielded and primarily located and directed so as to provide adequate security. Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.Prior to the Issuance of Building Permits 4.4 Biological Resources Threshold 4.4a) Would the project have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? BIO-1: Pre-Construction Breeding Bird Survey Project activities that will remove or disturb potential nest sites, such as open ground, trees, shrubs, grasses, or burrows, during the breeding season would be a potential significant impact if migratory non-game breeding birds are present. Project activities that will remove or disturb potential nest sites will be scheduled outside the breeding bird season to avoid potential direct impacts to migratory non- game breeding birds protected by the MBTA and Fish and Game Code. The breeding bird nesting season is typically from February 15 through September 15, but can vary slightly from year to year, usually depending on weather conditions. Removing all physical features that could potentially serve as nest sites will also help to prevent birds from nesting within the project site during the breeding season and during construction activities. If project activities cannot be avoided during February 15 through September 15, a qualified biologist will conduct a pre-construction breeding bird survey for breeding birds and active nests or potential nesting sites within the limits of project disturbance. The survey will be conducted at least seven days prior to the onset of scheduled activities, such as mobilization and staging. It will end no more than three days prior to vegetation, substrate, and structure removal and/or disturbance. If no breeding birds or active nests are observed during the pre-construction survey or they are observed and will not be impacted, project activities may begin and no further mitigation will be required. Project Applicant Field Verification 4.City of Fontana 5.City of Fontana 6.Prior to the Start of Project Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-3 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE If a breeding bird territory or an active bird nest is located during the pre- construction survey and will potentially be impacted, the site will be mapped on engineering drawings and a no activity buffer zone will be marked (fencing, stakes, flagging, orange snow fencing, etc.) a minimum of 100 feet in all directions or 500 feet in all directions for listed bird species and all raptors. The biologist will determine the appropriate buffer size based on the type of activities planned near the nest and the type of bird that created the nest. Some bird species are more tolerant than others of noise and activities occurring near their nest. This no-activity buffer zone will not be disturbed until a qualified biologist has determined that the nest is inactive, the young have fledged, the young are no longer being fed by the parents, the young have left the area, or the young will no longer be impacted by project activities. Periodic monitoring by a biologist will be performed to determine when nesting is complete. Once the nesting cycle has finished, project activities may begin within the buffer zone. If listed bird species, such as the least bell’s vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus), are observed within the project site during the pre-construction survey, the biologist will immediately map the area and notify the appropriate resource agency to determine suitable protection measures and/or mitigation measures and to determine if additional surveys or focused protocol surveys are necessary. Project activities may begin within the area only when concurrence is received from the appropriate resource agency. Birds or their active nests will not be disturbed, captured, handled or moved. Active nests cannot be removed or disturbed; however, nests can be removed or disturbed if determined inactive by a qualified biologist. BIO-2: Los Angeles Pocket Mouse/Northwestern San Diego Pocket Mouse Exclusion Fencing, Trapping, and Relocation Because the project site supports potential habitat for both SDPM and LAPM, this mitigation measure will minimize or avoid impacts to both species. Phase 1: Habitat Assessment. Prior to construction activities, habitat assessments for the Los Angeles pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris brevinasus; LAPM) and northwestern San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax fallax; SDPM) shall be conducted by a qualified biologist, defined for this mitigation measure as a biologist who possesses a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) for live-trapping of heteromyid species in southern California, or who has been approved by CDFW for the project. The project area will be systematically surveyed on foot to determine the presence and map the distribution of any suitable habitat for the Los Angeles pocket mouse Project Applicant Field Verification 1. City of Fontana 2. City of Fontana 3. Prior to the Start of Project Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-4 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE within the project boundaries. Suitable habitat for the LAPM and SDPM includes Riversidean sage scrub, coastal sage scrub, Riversidean alluvial fan sage scrub, desert scrub, chaparral, grassland, and playas and vernal pools on sandy soils, typically found within or adjacent to, but not limited, sandy washes or areas of windblown sand. Because diagnostic surface sign of this species (e.g., burrows, scat, tracks, etc.) is difficult to detect and attribute specifically to the LAPM and SDPM, the absence of such sign is not evidence of absence. Suitable habitat areas will be identified and mapped. At the completion of the Phase 1 task, the biologist will advise the project applicant if a trapping program is needed to confirm the presence/absence of the LAPM and SDPM in the project area. Phase 2: Exclusion Fence Installation. If the Qualified Biologist determines that the project site is occupied by LAPMand/or SDPM, prior to construction in occupied habitat, a pocket mouse exclusion fence will be installed around the areas to be trapped. These areas will be determined based on current site-specific conditions such as final engineering design, construction methods, suitable habitat, and pocket mouse sign/presumed occupied habitat. The qualified biologist will be present during fence installation to avoid or otherwise minimize impacts to sensitive biological resources. The appropriate fencing material will be determined by the construction contractor in cooperation with the qualified biologist. Fencing materials such as hardware cloth, silt fencing, Animex wildlife exclusion fencing, Ertec wildlife exclusion fencing, or similar products may be considered exclusion fencing, and will be installed by first trenching and then burying the bottom portions of the fence. Fencing will be angled in the direction of the area occupied by the pocket mice or curved at the top to prevent animals from climbing over the fence. The fencing should be buried to a depth of 12 to 14 inches. Stabilization of the fencing would be achieved through the use of 36-inch-long wooden landscape stakes, spaced 5 to 8 feet apart, depending on the stability of the soil. The stakes will be placed into the ground until their tops are approximately even with the top of the fencing. Phase 3: Live Trapping. All areas will be trapped until no pocket mouse captures have been made for three consecutive nights. A trapping grid would be set in each enclosure. The trap spacing (roughly 13 feet apart) will result in a trap density approximately twice as high as a normal presence/absence trapping survey, potentially allowing the removal of pocket mice as quickly as possible. Each trap will be baited with bird seed or millet placed at the back of the trap. The traps will be reset just prior to dusk each night and inspected once during the night and at dawn. Traps will be closed after the dawn inspection to prevent wildlife from being SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-5 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE captured during daylight hours. Captured individuals will be identified to determine sex and species. Phase 4: Relocation. Prior to trapping, the Qualified Biologist shall consult with CDFW to determine the nearest suitable undisturbed habitat which will provide shelter and forage for pocket mice. Refugia will consist of cardboard mailing tubes, 1 inch inside diameter and 18 inches long, installed into the ground at an angle of approximately 30 degrees, which is a typical angle for natural rodent burrows. The mailing tubes are available at office supply stores. The tubes will be scored on the bottom interior at intervals of once per inch to provide traction so that pocket mice may easily travel up the tube. At the bottom end of each mailing tube will be an inverted 4-inch-diameter nursery peat pot, connected to the tube via a hole in the pot. A small amount of nesting material, such as tissue paper, will be placed in each peat pot, along with bird seed. Two mailing tube refugia will be installed for every pocket mouse captured. Pocket mice captured during trapping will be placed into one of the two temporary refugia, and the tube will be closed at its exposed end with a plug provided with the mailing tube. Additionally, the plug will contain drilled air holes. The animal will remain in the refugia for no more than 24 hours. The plug will be removed from the refugia tube 1 hour after sunset, allowing the animals to leave the refugia on their own. The refugia are made of biodegradable materials; therefore, they will be left in place indefinitely, or until the qualified biologist determines they are no longer needed. BIO-3: Worker Environmental Awareness Program Prior to project construction activities, a qualified biologist will prepare and conduct a Worker Environmental Awareness Program (WEAP) that will describe the biological constraints of the project. All personnel who will work within the project site will attend the WEAP prior to performing any work. The WEAP will include, but not be limited to the following: results of pre-construction surveys; description of sensitive biological resources potentially present within the project site; legal protections afforded the sensitive biological resources; BMPs for protecting sensitive biological resources (i.e., restrictions, avoidance, protection, and minimization measures); individual responsibilities associated with the project; and, a training on grading to reduce impacts to biological resources. The training shall include a description of the species of concern and its habitat, the general provisions of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the need to adhere to the provisions of the ESA, the penalties associated with violating the provisions of the ESA, the general measures that are being implemented to conserve the species of concern as they relate to the project, and the access routes to the project site boundaries within Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.Prior to the Start of Project Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-6 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE which the project activities must be accomplished. The program will also include the reporting requirements if workers encounter a sensitive wildlife species (i.e., notifying the qualified UEI biologist or the construction foreman, who will then notify the biologist). Training materials will be language-appropriate for all construction personnel. Upon completion of the WEAP, workers will sign a form stating that they attended the program, understand all protection measures, and will abide all the rules of the WEAP. A record of all trained personnel will be kept with the construction foreman at the project field construction office and will be made available to any resource agency personnel. If new construction personnel are added to the project later, the construction foreman will ensure that new personnel receive training before they start working. The biologist will provide written hard copies of the WEAP and photos of the sensitive biological resources to the construction foreman. Training materials will be language-appropriate for all construction personnel. Upon completion of the WEAP, workers will sign a form stating that they attended the program, understand all protection measures, and will abide all the rules of the WEAP. A record of all trained personnel will be kept with the construction foreman at the project field construction office and will be made available to any resource agency personnel. If new construction personnel are added to the project later, the construction foreman will ensure that new personnel receive training before they start working. The biologist will provide written hard copies of the WEAP and photos of the sensitive biological resources to the construction foreman. BIO-4: Construction Best Management Practices Water pollution and erosion control plans shall be developed and implemented in accordance with Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) requirements. Equipment storage, fueling, and staging areas shall be located on upland sites with minimal risks of direct drainage into riparian areas or other sensitive habitats. These designated areas shall be located in such a manner as to prevent any runoff from entering sensitive habitat. Necessary precautions shall be taken to prevent the release of cement or other toxic substances into surface waters. Project related spills of hazardous materials shall be reported to appropriate entities including but not limited to applicable jurisdictional city, USFWS, and CDFW, RWQCB and shall be cleaned up immediately and contaminated soils removed to approved disposal areas. The Permittee shall have the right to access and inspect any sites of approved projects including any restoration/enhancement area for compliance with project approval conditions including these BMPs. Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.Prior to the Start of Project Construction and During Project Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-7 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE MM BIO-5: Project Limits and Designated Areas To avoid impacts to sensitive biological resources, Project Applicant will implement the following measures prior to project construction and commencement of any ground-disturbing activities or vegetation removal: Specifications for the project boundary, limits of construction, project- related parking, storage areas, laydown sites, and equipment storage areas will be mapped and clearly marked in the field with temporary fencing, signs, stakes, flags, rope, cord, or other appropriate markers. Construction limits will be fenced with orange snow screen. Exclusion fencing should be maintained until the completion of all construction activities. Employees shall be instructed that their activities are restricted to the construction areas. All markers will be maintained until the completion of activities in that area. Construction employees shall strictly limit their activities, vehicles, equipment, and construction materials to the proposed project footprint and designated staging areas and routes of travel. The construction area(s) shall be the minimal area necessary to complete the project and shall be specified in the construction plans. To minimize the amount of disturbance, the construction/laydown areas, parking areas, staging areas, storage areas, spoil areas, and equipment access areas will be restricted to designated areas, which will be comprised of existing disturbed areas (parking lots, access roads, graded areas, etc.). Project related work limits will be marked by orange construction fencing and work crews will be restricted to designated work areas. Disturbance beyond the actual construction zone is prohibited without site specific surveys. If sensitive biological resources are detected in the area to be impacted, then appropriate measures will be implemented to avoid impacts (i.e., flag and avoid, erect orange construction fencing, biological monitor present during work, etc.). However, if avoidance is not possible and the sensitive biological resources will be directly impacted by project activities, the biologist will mark and/or stake the impacted site(s) and map the individuals on an aerial map and with a GPS unit. The biologist will then contact CDFW and/or the USFWS to develop additional avoidance, minimization and/or mitigation measures prior to commencing project activities. Project Applicant will ensure that construction activities will include measures to prevent accidental falls into excavated areas. The Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.Prior to the Start of Project Construction and During Project Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-8 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE construction crew will inspect excavated areas daily to detect the presence of trapped wildlife. All deep or steep-walled excavated areas will be covered with tarp and either be furnished with escape ramps or be surrounded with exclusionary fencing in order to prevent wildlife from entering them. Wildlife found in excavation areas should be trapped by a Qualified Biologist and relocated out of harm’s way to a suitable habitat outside of the project area, if possible. MM BIO-6: General Vegetation and Wildlife Avoidance and Protection Measures The BSA contains habitat which can support many wildlife species. Project Applicant will implement the following general avoidance and protection measures to protect vegetation and wildlife, to the extent practical. Cleared or trimmed vegetation and woody debris will be disposed of in accordance with City of Fontana and/or County of San Bernardino green waste or construction waste regulations. Cleared or trimmed non-native, invasive vegetation will be disposed of in a legal manner at an approved disposal site as soon as possible to prevent regrowth and the spread of weeds. Vehicles and equipment will be free of caked mud or debris prior to entering the project site to avoid the introduction of new invasive weedy plant species. To avoid construction-related impacts to nocturnal active species, it is recommended that all work be conducted during daylight hours. Nighttime work (and use of artificial lighting) will not be permitted unless specifically authorized. If required, night lighting will be directed away from the preserved open space areas to protect species from direct night lighting. All unnecessary lights will be turned off at night to avoid attracting wildlife such as insects, migratory birds, and bats. If any wildlife is encountered during the course of project activities, said wildlife will be allowed to freely leave the area unharmed. Active nests of special-status or otherwise protected bird species cannot be removed or disturbed. Nests can be removed or disturbed if determined inactive by a qualified biologist. To avoid impacts to wildlife and attracting predators of protected species, Project Applicant will comply with all litter and pollution laws and will institute a litter control program throughout project construction, as defined in BMP Solid Waste Management (WM-5) of the Stormwater Best Management Practice Handbook (CASQA 2011, pp. 340-343). All Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.Prior to the Start of Project Construction and During Project Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-9 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE contractors, subcontractors, and employees will also adhere to the requirements of these programs (e.g., covered trash receptacles will be placed at each designated work site and the contents will be properly disposed at least once a week). Trash removal will reduce the attractiveness of the area to opportunistic predators such as common ravens, coyotes, northern raccoons, and Virginia opossums. Contractors, subcontractors, employees, and site visitors will be prohibited from feeding wildlife and collecting plants and wildlife Disturbance near ponded water will be limited during the rainy season. It could serve as potential habitat for amphibians and sensitive invertebrates. Threshold 4.5a)Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to § 15064.5? MM CUL-1: Prior to the commencement of grading or excavation, workers conducting construction activities and their foremen will receive Worker Environmental Awareness Program (WEAP) training from a qualified archaeologist regarding the potential for sensitive archaeological and paleontological resources to be unearthed during grading activities. The workers will be directed to report any unusual specimens of bone, stone, ceramics or other archaeological artifacts or features observed during grading and/or other construction activities to their foremen and to cease grading activities in the immediate vicinity of the discovery until a qualified archaeologist or Native American cultural monitor is notified of the discovery by the Superintendent of the project site and can assess their significance. The WEAP shall be implemented to educate all construction personnel of the area’s environmental conditions and the environmental protection measures that must be adhered to by all workers throughout the duration of project construction. Training materials shall be language-appropriate for all construction personnel. Upon completion of the WEAP, workers shall sign a form stating that they attend the program, understand all protection measures, and shall abide by all the rules of the WEAP. A record of all trained personnel shall be kept with the construction foreman at the project field construction office and shall be made available to any resource agency personnel. If new construction personnel are added to the project later, the construction foreman shall ensure that new personnel receive training before they start working. The archaeologist shall provide hard copies of the WEAP presentation to the construction foreman. Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.Prior to Project Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-10 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE MM CUL-2: Upon discovery of any tribal cultural or archaeological resources, cease construction activities in the immediate vicinity of the find until the find can be assessed. All tribal cultural and archaeological resources unearthed by project construction activities shall be evaluated by the qualified archaeologist and tribal monitor/consultant. If the resources are Native American in origin, interested Tribes (as a result of correspondence with area Tribes) shall coordinate with the landowner regarding treatment and curation of these resources. Typically, the Tribe will request preservation in place or recovery for educational purposes. Work may continue on other parts of the project while evaluation takes place. Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.During Project Construction MM CUL-3: Preservation in place shall be the preferred manner of treatment. If preservation in place is not feasible, treatment may include implementation of archaeological data recovery excavation to remove the resource along the subsequent laboratory processing and analysis. All Tribal Cultural Resources shall be returned to the Tribe. Any historic archaeological material that is not Native American in origin shall be curated at a public, non-profit institution with a research interest in the materials, if such an institution agrees to accept the material. If no institution accepts the archaeological material, they shall be offered to the Tribe or a local school or historical society in the area for educational purposes. Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.During Project Construction MM CUL-4: Archaeological and Native American monitoring and excavation during construction projects shall be consistent with current professional standards. All feasible care to avoid any unnecessary disturbance, physical modification, or separation of human remains and associated funerary objects shall be taken. Principal personnel shall meet the Secretary of the Interior standards for archaeology and have a minimum of 10 years’ experience as a principal investigator working with Native American archaeological sites in southern California. The Qualified Archaeologist shall ensure that all other personnel are appropriately trained and qualified. Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.During Project Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-11 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE Threshold 4.5b) Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to § 15064.5? Refer to mitigation measures CUL-1, CUL-2, CUL-3 and CUL-4 above. Refer to mitigation measures CUL-1 through CUL-4 above. Refer to mitigation measures CUL-1 through CUL-4 above. Refer to mitigation measures CUL-1 through CUL-4 above. Threshold 4.5c) Would the project disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? MM CUL-5: If human remains are encountered during excavations associated with this project, all work shall stop within a 30-foot radius of the discovery and the San Bernardino County Coroner will be notified (§ 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code). The Coroner will determine whether the remains are recent human origin or older Native American ancestry. If the coroner, with the aid of the supervising archaeologist, determines that the remains are prehistoric, they will contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The NAHC will be responsible for designating the Most Likely Descendant (MLD). The MLD (either an individual or sometimes a committee) will be responsible for the ultimate disposition of the remains, as required by § 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code. The MLD will make recommendations within 24 hours of their notification by the NAHC. These recommendations may include scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials (§ 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code). Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.During Project Construction 4.7 Geology and Soils Threshold 4.7f) Project could directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature. MM GEO-1: Before the beginning of project construction, the Project Applicant shall retain a qualified paleontologist to remain on-call for the duration of project ground disturbance activities. If paleontological resources are uncovered during project construction, the contractor shall halt construction activities in the immediate area and notify the City. The on-call paleontologist shall be notified and afforded the necessary time and funds to recover and analyze the finds; and curate the find(s) with an accredited repository for paleontological resources. Subsequently, the monitor shall remain onsite for the duration of the ground disturbance to ensure the protection of any other resources that are found during construction on the project site. Project Applicant Field Verification 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.Prior to the Start of Project Construction and During Project Construction 4.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-12 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE Threshold 4.9a) Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? MM HAZ-1: In the event that the future tenant will handle hazardous materials above the reportable quantity threshold, the lease agreement with the future tenant shall require the tenant, in coordination with the City of Fontana, to identify routes along which hazardous materials may routinely be transported. If essential facilities such as schools, hospitals, child care centers or other facilities with special evacuation needs are located along these routes, the tenant shall develop an emergency response plan that can be implemented in the event of an unauthorized release of hazardous materials. The recommendations of the Emergency Response Plan would be included in the lease agreement (signed by the tenant) as mandatory measures required to be implemented by the tenant. Future Tenant Review and Approval of Emergency Response Plan 1.County of San Bernardino Fire Department 2.City of Fontana 3.Post-Construction Threshold 4.9b) Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? Refer to mitigation measures HAZ-1 above. Refer to mitigation measures HAZ-1 and HAZ-2 above. Refer to mitigation measures HAZ-1 and HAZ-2 above. Refer to mitigation measures HAZ-1 and HAZ-2 above. Threshold 4.9f) Would the project impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? Refer to mitigation measure TRANS-1 below. Refer to mitigation measure TRANS- 1 below. Refer to mitigation measure TRANS-1 below. Refer to mitigation measure TRANS-1 below. 4.17 Transportation Threshold 4.17d) Would the project result in inadequate emergency access? MM TRANS-1: The Transportation Management Plan (TMP) must be reviewed and approved by the City’s Traffic Engineer prior to the start of construction activity in the public right-of-way (ROW). The typical TMP requires items such as the installation of K-rail between the construction area and open traffic lanes, the use of flagmen and directional signage to direct traffic where only one travel lane is available or when equipment movement creates temporary hazards, and the installation of steel plates to cover trenches under construction. The TMP must provide that emergency access must be maintained at all times. Project Applicant Field Verification, Review and Approval of Transportation Management Plan 1.City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.Prior to Start of Project Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-13 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE 4.18 Tribal Cultural Resources Threshold 4.18a): Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is: (ii) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. MM TCR-1: Retain a Native American Monitor Prior to Commencement of Ground-Disturbing Activities A. The project applicant/lead agency shall retain a Native American Monitor from the Gabrielino/Tongva community. The monitor shall be retained prior to the commencement of any “ground-disturbing activity” for the subject project at all project locations (i.e., both on-site and any off-site locations that are included in the project description/definition and/or required in connection with the project, such as public improvement work). “Ground-disturbing activity” shall include, but is not limited to, demolition, pavement removal, potholing, auguring, grubbing, tree removal, boring, grading, excavation, drilling, and trenching. B. A copy of the executed monitoring agreement shall be submitted to the lead agency prior to the earlier of the commencement of any ground-disturbing activity, or the issuance of any permit necessary to commence a ground-disturbing activity. C. The monitor will complete daily monitoring logs that will provide descriptions of the relevant ground-disturbing activities, the type of construction activities performed, locations of ground-disturbing activities, soil types, cultural-related materials, and any other facts, conditions, materials, or discoveries of significance to the Tribe. Monitor logs will identify and describe any discovered TCRs, including but not limited to, Native American cultural and historical artifacts, remains, places of significance, etc. (collectively, tribal cultural resources, or “TCRs”), as well as any discovered Native American (ancestral) human remains and burial goods. Copies of monitor logs will be provided to the project applicant/lead agency upon written request to the Tribe. D. On-site tribal monitoring shall conclude upon the latter of the following (1) written confirmation to the tribal organization providing the monitors from a designated point of contact for the project applicant/lead agency that all ground- disturbing activities and phases that may involve ground-disturbing activities on the project site or in connection with the project are complete; or (2) a determination and written notification by the tribal organization providing the monitors to the project applicant/lead agency that no future, planned construction activity and/or development/construction phase at the project site possesses the potential to impact TCRs. E. Upon discovery of any TCRs, all construction activities in the immediate vicinity of the discovery shall cease (i.e., not less than the surrounding 50 feet) and shall not resume until the discovered TCR has been fully assessed by the tribal monitor and/or lad qualified archaeologist. The Tribe will recover and retain all discovered Project Applicant Field Verification 1.Native American Tribes and City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.During Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-14 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE TCRs following analysis by the archaeologist in the form and/or manner the Tribe deems appropriate, in the Tribe’s sole discretion, and for any purpose the Tribe deems appropriate, including for educational, cultural and/or historic purposes. MM TCR-2: Unanticipated Discovery of Human Remains and Associated Funerary Objects A. Native American human remains are defined in PRC 5097.98 (d)(1) as an inhumation or cremation, and in any state of decomposition or skeletal completeness. Funerary objects, called associated grave goods in Public Resources Code Section 5097.98, are also to be treated according to this statute. B. If Native American human remains and/or grave goods discovered or recognized on the project site, then all construction activities shall immediately cease. Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 dictates that any discoveries of human skeletal material shall be immediately reported to the County Coroner and all ground- disturbing activities shall immediately halt and shall remain halted until the coroner has determined the nature of the remains. If the coroner recognizes the human remains to be those of a Native American or has reason to believe they are Native American, he or she shall contact, by telephone within 24 hours, the Native American Heritage Commission, and Public Resources Code Section 5097.98 shall be followed. C. Human remains and grave/burial goods shall be treated alike per California Public Resources Code section 5097.98(d)(1) and (2). D. Construction activities may resume in other parts of the project site at a minimum of 200 feet away from discovered human remains and/or burial goods, if the Tribe determines in its sole discretion that resuming construction activities at that distance is acceptable and provides the project manager express consent of that determination (along with any other mitigation measures the tribal monitor and/or archaeologist deems necessary). (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(f).) E. Preservation in place (i.e., avoidance) is the preferred manner of treatment for discovered human remains and/or burial goods. Any historic archaeological material that is not Native American in origin (non-TCR) shall be curated at a public, non-profit institution with a research interest in the materials, such as the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, the Fowler Museum, or the San Bernardino Museum of Natural History, if such an institution agrees to accept the material. If no institution accepts the archaeological material, it shall be offered to a local school or historical society in the area for educational purposes. Project Applicant Field Verification 1.Native American Tribes and City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.During Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-15 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE F. Any discovery of human remains/burial goods shall be kept confidential to prevent further disturbance. MM TCR-3: Procedures for Burials and Funerary Remains: A. If designated by the Native American Heritage Commission, as the Most Likely Descendant (“MLD”), the Koo-nas-gna Burial Policy shall be implemented. To the Tribe, the term “human remains” encompasses more than human bones. In ancient as well as historic times, Tribal Traditions included, but were not limited to, the preparation of the soil for burial, the burial of funerary objects with the deceased, and the ceremonial burning of human remains. B. If the discovery of human remains includes four or more burials, the discovery location shall be treated as a cemetery and a separate treatment plan shall be created. C. The prepared soil and cremation soils are to be treated in the same manner as bone fragments that remain intact. Associated funerary objects are objects that, as part of the death rite or ceremony of a culture, are reasonably believed to have been placed with individual human remains either at the time of death or later; other items made exclusively for burial purposes or to contain human remains can also be considered as associated funerary objects. Cremations will either be removed in bulk or by means as necessary to ensure complete recovery of all sacred materials. D. In the case where discovered human remains cannot be fully documented and recovered on the same day, the remains will be covered with muslin cloth and a steel plate that can be moved by heavy equipment placed over the excavation opening to protect the remains. If this type of steel plate is not available, a 24-hour guard should be posted outside of working hours. The Tribe will make every effort to recommend diverting the project and keeping the remains in situ and protected. If the project cannot be diverted, it may be determined that burials will be removed. E. In the event preservation in place is not possible despite good faith efforts by the project applicant/developer and/or landowner, before ground-disturbing activities may resume on the project site, the landowner shall arrange a designated site location within the footprint of the project for the respectful reburial of the human remains and/or ceremonial objects. F. Each occurrence of human remains and associated funerary objects will be stored using opaque cloth bags. All human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony will be removed to a secure container on site if possible. These items should be retained and reburied within six months of recovery. The site of reburial/repatriation shall be on the project site but at a location agreed Project Applicant Field Verification 1.Native American Tribes and City of Fontana 2.City of Fontana 3.During Construction SECTION 7.0 – MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Page 7-16 Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration June 2022 TOPICAL AREA IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURE RESPONSIBLE/ MONITORING PARTY MONITORING ACTION 1. ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 2. MONITORING AGENCY 3. MONITORING PHASE upon between the Tribe and the landowner at a site to be protected in perpetuity. There shall be no publicity regarding any cultural materials recovered. G. The Tribe will work closely with the project’s qualified archaeologist to ensure that the excavation is treated carefully, ethically and respectfully. If data recovery is approved by the Tribe, documentation shall be prepared and shall include (at a minimum) detailed descriptive notes and sketches. All data recovery data recovery- related forms of documentation shall be approved in advance by the Tribe. If any data recovery is performed, once complete, a final report shall be submitted to the Tribe and the NAHC. The Tribe does NOT authorize any scientific study or the utilization of any invasive and/or destructive diagnostics on human remains.