HomeMy WebLinkAboutA - Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact
Study
City of Fontana, CA
Prepared for:
EcoTierra Consulting
Mr. Brad Perrine
633 W 5th Street, 26th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90071
Prepared by:
MD Acoustics, LLC
Tyler Klassen, EIT
1197 Los Angeles Ave, Ste C-256
Simi Valley, CA 93065
Date: 6/14/2023
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA
MD Acoustics, LLC ii
JN: 03322324_Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives 1
1.2 Project Summary 1
1.2.1 Site Location 1
1.2.2 Project Description 1
1.2.3 Sensitive Receptors 2
1.3 Executive Summary of Findings and Mitigation Measures 2
2.0 Regulatory Framework and Background ........................................................................................ 6
2.1 Air Quality Regulatory Setting 6
2.1.1 National and State 6
2.1.2 South Coast Air Quality Management District 8
2.1.3 City of Fontana 11
2.2 Greenhouse Gas Regulatory Setting 16
2.2.1 International 16
2.2.2 National 17
2.2.3 California 18
2.2.4 South Coast Air Quality Management District 26
2.2.5 County of San Bernardino 27
2.2.6 City of Fontana 28
2.3 Energy Regulatory Setting 30
2.3.1 Federal Regulations 30
2.3.2 State Regulations 31
3.0 Setting ........................................................................................................................................... 37
3.3 Existing Physical Setting 37
3.3.1 Local Climate and Meteorology 37
3.1.2 Local Air Quality 38
3.1.3 Attainment Status 41
3.2 Greenhouse Gases 42
3.3 Energy 44
3.3.1 Overview 44
3.3.2 Electricity and Natural Gas 46
3.3.3 Transportation Energy Resources 47
4.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions ....................................................................................... 49
4.1 Construction 49
4.2 Operations 50
4.3 Localized Construction Analysis 50
4.4 Localized Operational Analysis 51
5.0 Thresholds of Significance ............................................................................................................ 52
5.1 Air Quality Thresholds of Significance 52
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA
MD Acoustics, LLC iii
JN: 03322324_Report
5.1.1 CEQA Guidelines for Air Quality 52
5.1.2 Regional Significance Thresholds for Construction Emissions 52
5.1.3 Regional Significance Thresholds for Operational Emissions 53
5.1.4 Thresholds for Localized Significance 53
5.2 Greenhouse Gas Thresholds of Significance 53
5.2.1 CEQA Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas 53
5.3 Toxic Air Contaminants 54
6.0 Air Quality Emissions Impact ........................................................................................................ 55
6.1 Construction Air Quality Emissions Impact 55
6.1.1 Regional Construction Emissions 55
6.1.2 Localized Construction Emissions 56
6.1.3 Construction-Related Human Health Impacts 56
6.1.4 Construction-Related Toxic Air Contaminant Impact 56
6.2 Operational Air Quality Emissions Impact 57
6.2.1 Regional Operational Emissions 57
6.2.2 Localized Operational Emissions 57
6.2.3 Operations-Related Human Health Impacts 58
6.3 CO Hot Spot Emissions 58
6.4 Odors 59
6.5 Cumulative Regional Air Quality Impacts 60
6.6 Air Quality Compliance 60
7.0 Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis .................................................................................................. 62
7.1 Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact 62
7.2 Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact 62
7.3 Greenhouse Gas Plan Consistency 63
7.4 Cumulative Regional Greenhouse Gas Impacts 63
8.0 Energy Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 64
8.1 Construction Energy Demand 64
8.1.1 Construction Equipment Electricity Usage Estimates 64
8.1.2 Construction Equipment Fuel Estimates 64
8.1.3 Construction Worker Fuel Estimates 65
8.1.4 Construction Vendor/Hauling Fuel Estimates 66
8.1.5 Construction Energy Efficiency/Conservation Measures 67
8.2 Operational Energy Demand 67
8.2.1 Transportation Fuel Consumption 67
8.2.2 Facility Energy Demands (Electricity and Natural Gas) 68
8.3 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Plan Consistency 69
8.4 Cumulative Regional Energy Impacts 70
9.0 References .................................................................................................................................... 71
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA
MD Acoustics, LLC iv
JN: 03322324_Report
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A:
CalEEMod Emission Output
Appendix B:
EMFAC2017 Output
LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit A ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Location Map 4
Exhibit B ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Site Plan 5
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Land Use Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1
Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Standards ..................................................................................................... 7
Table 3: Meteorological Summary ............................................................................................................ 38
Table 4: Local Area Air Quality Levels from Local Monitoring Stations .................................................... 39
Table 5: South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status .................................................................................... 41
Table 6: Description of Greenhouse Gases ............................................................................................... 43
Table 7: Total Electricity System Power (California 2019) ........................................................................ 45
Table 8: SCE 2019 Power Content Mix ..................................................................................................... 46
Table 9: Construction Equipment Assumptions1 ...................................................................................... 51
Table 10: Regional Significance - Construction Emissions (pounds/day) ................................................. 55
Table 11: Localized Significance – Construction ....................................................................................... 56
Table 12: Regional Significance - Unmitigated Operational Emissions (lbs/day) ..................................... 57
Table 13: Localized Significance - Unmitigated Operational Emissions ................................................... 58
Table 14: Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................................................. 62
Table 15: Opening Year Unmitigated Project-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................. 62
Table 16: Project Construction Power Cost and Electricity Usage ........................................................... 64
Table 17: Construction Equipment Fuel Consumption Estimates ............................................................ 65
Table 18: Construction Worker Fuel Consumption Estimates ................................................................. 66
Table 19: Construction Vendor Fuel Consumption Estimates (MHD Trucks)1 ......................................... 66
Table 20: Construction Hauling Fuel Consumption Estimates (HHD Trucks)1 .......................................... 67
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA
MD Acoustics, LLC v
JN: 03322324_Report
Table 21: Estimated Vehicle Operations Fuel Consumption .................................................................... 68
Table 22: Project Unmitigated Annual Operational Energy Demand Summary1 ..................................... 69
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA
MD Acoustics, LLC vi
JN: 03322324_Report
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
AQMP Air Quality Management Plan
CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards
CARB California Air Resources Board
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons
CH4 Methane
CNG Compressed natural gas
CO Carbon monoxide
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent
DPM Diesel particulate matter
GHG Greenhouse gas
HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons
LST Localized Significant Thresholds
MTCO2e Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
MMTCO2e Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide
N2O Nitrous oxide
O3 Ozone
PFCs Perfluorocarbons
PM Particle matter
PM10 Particles that are less than 10 micrometers in diameter
PM2.5 Particles that are less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter
PMI Point of maximum impact
PPM Parts per million
PPB Parts per billion
RTIP Regional Transportation Improvement Plan
RTP Regional Transportation Plan
SCAB South Coast Air Basin
SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District
SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride
SIP State Implementation Plan
SOx Sulfur Oxides
SRA Source/Receptor Area
TAC Toxic air contaminants
VOC Volatile organic compounds
WRCC Western Regional Climate Center
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Introduction
1
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives
This air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) analysis was prepared to evaluate whether the estimated
criteria pollutants and GHG emissions generated from the Project would cause a significant impact to
the air resources in the Project area as well as evaluate whether the estimated energy usage by the
project would cause a significant impact to the local energy resources. This assessment was conducted
within the context of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA, California Public Resources Code
Sections 21000, et seq.). The assessment is consistent with the methodology and emission factors
endorsed by South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), California Air Resource Board
(CARB), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).
1.2 Project Summary
1.2.1 Site Location
The project site is located at the southwest corner of Arrow Boulevard and Tokay Avenue, in the City of
Fontana, California, as shown in Exhibit A. The site is currently zoned as open space - resource. The land
directly surrounding the site is zoned as industrial to the north, transitional to the east, multi-family
residential to the southeast, and open space – resource to the south and west. There are residential
zones further north and southeast. Arrow Boulevard is to the north and Tokay Avenue is to the east. An
aerial of the project site is shown in Exhibit A.
1.2.2 Project Description
The proposed project is divided into two parts: Site A and Site B. Site A includes four parcels (APN’s 0232-
171-05, 06, 07, & 08) encompassing approximately 7 acres and Site B includes four parcels (APN’s 0232-
171-09, 12, 13, & 14) encompassing approximately 18 acres. The project will include a land redesignation
from Open Space to Industrial for both sites.
Project Site A proposes the construction and operation of a homelessness prevention resources and care
center consisting of a maximum of 150 modular dwelling units, a 6,000 square-foot administration
building, and support site amenities. Project Site B will only consist of the land use redesignation to
Industrial without any planned development. The site plan for Site A is illustrated in Exhibit B.
Construction activities within the Project area will consist of site preparation, on-site grading, building,
paving, and architectural coating. Table 1 summarizes the land use description for the Project Site.
Table 1: Land Use Summary
Land Use Unit Amount Size Metric
Congregate Care (Assisted Living) 150 Dwelling Units
Parking Lot 65 Spaces
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Introduction
2
1.2.3 Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive receptors are considered land uses or other types of population groups that are more sensitive
to air pollution than others due to their exposure. Sensitive population groups include children, the
elderly, the acutely and chronically ill, and those with cardio-respiratory diseases. For CEQA purposes, a
sensitive receptor would be a location where a sensitive individual could remain for 24-hours or longer,
such as residencies, hospitals, and schools (etc).
The closest existing sensitive receptors (to the site area) are residential land uses located 85 feet to the
southeast of the project site.
1.3 Executive Summary of Findings and Mitigation Measures
The following is a summary of the analysis results:
Construction-Source Emissions
Project construction-source emissions would not exceed applicable regional thresholds of significance
established by the SCAQMD. For localized emissions, the Project will not exceed applicable Localized
Significance Thresholds (LSTs) established by the SCAQMD.
Project construction-source emissions would not conflict with the Basin Air Quality Management Plan
(AQMP). As discussed herein, the Project will comply with all applicable SCAQMD construction-source
emission reduction rules and guidelines. Project construction source emissions would not cause or
substantively contribute to violation of the California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) or National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
Established requirements addressing construction equipment operations, and construction material use,
storage, and disposal requirements act to minimize odor impacts that may result from construction
activities. Moreover, construction-source odor emissions would be temporary, short-term, and
intermittent in nature and would not result in persistent impacts that would affect substantial numbers
of people. Potential construction-source odor impacts are therefore considered less-than-significant.
Operational-Source Emissions
The Project operational-sourced emissions would not exceed applicable regional thresholds of
significance established by the SCAQMD. Project operational-source emissions would not result in or
cause a significant localized air quality impact as discussed in the Operations-Related Local Air Quality
Impacts section of this report. Additionally, Project-related traffic will not cause or result in carbon
dioxide (CO) concentrations exceeding applicable state and/or federal standards (CO “hotspots). Project
operational-source emissions would therefore not adversely affect sensitive receptors within the vicinity
of the Project.
Project operational-source emissions would not conflict with the Basin Air Quality Management Plan
(AQMP). The Project’s emissions meet SCAQMD regional thresholds and will not result in a significant
cumulative impact. The Project does not propose any such uses or activities that would result in
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Introduction
3
potentially significant operational-source odor impacts. Potential operational-source odor impacts are
therefore considered less-than-significant.
Project-related GHG emissions meet the San Bernardino County and SCAQMD draft threshold.
Therefore, Project emissions are considered to be less than significant. The Project also complies with
the goals of the CARB Scoping Plan, Assembly Bill (AB) 32, Senate Bill (SB) 32, County of San Bernardino
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan, the County of San Bernardino Climate Action Plan, and the
City of Fontana General Plan.
Neither construction nor operation of the project would result in wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary
consumption of energy, or wasteful use of energy resources. The proposed project does not include any
unusual project characteristics or construction processes that would require the use of equipment that
would be more energy intensive than is used for comparable activities and is an industrial project that is
not proposing any additional features that would require a larger energy demand than other industrial
projects of similar scale and configuration
Mitigation Measures
3. Construction Measures
No construction mitigation required.
B. Operational Measures
No operational mitigation required.
Exhibit A
Location Map
4
Introduction
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA
Site A
Site B
Exhibit B
Site Plan
5
Introduction
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
6
2.0 Regulatory Framework and Background
2.1 Air Quality Regulatory Setting
Air pollutants are regulated at the national, state, and air basin level; each agency has a different level
of regulatory responsibility. The United States EPA regulates at the national level. CARB regulates at the
state level. SCAQMD regulates at the air basin level.
2.1.1 National and State
The EPA is responsible for global, international, and interstate air pollution issues and policies. The EPA
sets national vehicle and stationary source emission standards, oversees approval of all State
Implementation Plans, provides research and guidance for air pollution programs, and sets National Air
Quality Standards, also known as federal standards. There are six common air pollutants, called criteria
pollutants, which were identified from the provisions of the Clean Air Act of 1970.
• Ozone
• Nitrogen Dioxide
• Lead
• Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
• Carbon Monoxide
• Particulate Matter
• Sulfur Dioxide
The federal standards were set to protect public health, including that of sensitive individuals; thus, the
standards continue to change as more medical research is available regarding the health effects of the
criteria pollutants. Primary federal standards are the levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate
margin of safety, to protect the public health.
A State Implementation Plan is a document prepared by each state describing existing air quality
conditions and measures that will be followed to attain and maintain federal standards. The State
Implementation Plan for the State of California is administered by CARB, which has overall responsibility
for statewide air quality maintenance and air pollution prevention. California’s State Implementation
Plan incorporates individual federal attainment plans for regional air districts—air district prepares their
federal attainment plan, which sent to CARB to be approved and incorporated into the California State
Implementation Plan. Federal attainment plans include the technical foundation for understanding air
quality (e.g., emission inventories and air quality monitoring), control measures and strategies, and
enforcement mechanisms. See http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/aaqs.htm for additional
information on criteria pollutants and air quality standards.
The federal and state ambient air quality standards are summarized in Table 2 and can also be found at
http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/aaqs2.pdf.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
7
Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Standards
Pollutant Averaging Time California Standards1 National Standards2
Concentrations3 Method4 Primary3,5 Secondary3,6 Method7
Ozone (O3)
1-Hour 0.09 ppm Ultraviolet
Photometry
- - Same as
Primary
Standard
Ultraviolet
Photometry 8-Hour 0.070 ppm 0.070 ppm (147 μg/m3)
Respirable
Particulate Matter
(PM10)8
24-Hour 50 μg/m3 Gravimetric or Beta
Attenuation
150 μ/m3 Same as
Primary
Standard
Inertial Separation
and Gravimetric
Analysis Annual Arithmetic Mean 20 μg/m3 - -
Fine Particulate
Matter (PM2.5)8
24-Hour - - - - 35 μg/m3
Same as
Primary
Standard
Inertial Separation
and Gravimetric
Analysis Annual Arithmetic Mean 12 μg/m3 Gravimetric or Beta
Attenuation 12 μg/m3 15 μg/m3
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
1-Hour 20 ppm (23 μg/m3) Non-Dispersive
Infrared Photometry
(NDIR)
35 ppm (40 μg/m3) - - Non-Dispersive
Infrared
Photometry (NDIR) 8-Hour 9.0 ppm (10 μg/m3) 9 ppm (10 μg/m3) - -
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2)9
1-Hour 0.18 ppm (339 μg/m3)
Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence
100 ppb (188 μg/m3) - -
Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence Annual Arithmetic Mean 0.030 ppm (357 μg/m3) 0.053 ppm (100 μg/m3)
Same as
Primary
Standard
Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2)10
1-Hour 0.25 ppm (655 μg/m3)
Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
75 ppb (196 μg/m3) - -
Ultraviolet
Fluorescence;
Spectrophotometry
(Pararosaniline
Method)
3-Hour - - - - 0.5 ppm
(1300 mg/m3)
24-Hour 0.04 ppm (105 μg/m3) 0.14 ppm
(for certain areas)10 - -
Annual Arithmetic Mean - - 0.130ppm
(for certain areas)10 - -
Lead11,12
30 Day Average 1.5 μg/m3
Atomic Absorption
- -
Calendar Qrtr - - 1.5 μg/m3
(for certain areas)12 Same as
Primary
Standard
High Volume
Sampler and
Atomic Absorption Rolling 3-Month
Average - - 0.15 μg/m3
Visibility Reducing
Particles13 8-Hour See footnote 13
Beta Attenuation and
Transmittance
through Filter Tape No
National
Standards
Sulfates 24-Hour 25 μg/m3 Ion Chromatography
Hydrogen Sulfide 1-Hour 0.03 ppm (42 μg/m3) Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
Vinyl Chloride11 24-Hour 0.01 ppm (26 μg/m3) Gas Chromatography
Notes:
1. California standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide (1 and 24 hour), nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and visibility
reducing particles), are values that are not to be exceeded. All others are not to be equaled or exceeded. California ambient air quality standards are
listed in the Table of Standards in Section 70200 of Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations.
2. National standards (other than ozone, particulate matter, and those based on annual arithmetic mean) are not to be exceeded more than once a year.
The ozone standard is attained when the fourth highest 8-hour concentration measured at each site in a year, averaged over three years, is equal to
or less than the standard. For PM10, the 24-hour standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with a 24-hour average
concentration above 150 μg/m3 is equal to or less than one. For PM2.5, the 24-hour standard is attained when 98 percent of the daily concentrations,
averaged over three years, are equal to or less than the standard. Contact the U.S. EPA for further clarification and current national policies.
3. Concentration expressed first in units in which it was promulgated. Equivalent units given in parentheses are based upon a reference temperature of
25°C and a reference pressure of 760 torr. Most measurements of air quality are to be corrected to a reference temperature of 25°C and a reference
pressure of 760 torr; ppm in this table refers to ppm by volume, or micromoles of pollutant per mole of gas.
4. Any equivalent measurement method which can be shown to the satisfaction of CARB to give equivalent results at or near the level of the air quality
standard may be used.
5. National Primary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public health.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
8
6. National Secondary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects of a
pollutant.
7. Reference method as described by the U.S. EPA. An “equivalent method” of measurement may be used but must have a “consistent relationship to
the reference method” and must be approved by the U.S. EPA.
8. On December 14, 2012, the national annual PM2.5 primary standard was lowered from 15 μg/m3 to 12.0 μg/m3. The existing national 24-hour PM2.5
standards (primary and secondary) were retained at 35 μg/m3, as was the annual secondary standard of 15 μg/m3. The existing 24-hour PM10
standards (primary and secondary) of 150 μg/m3 also were retained. The form of the annual primary and secondary standards is the annual mean,
averaged over 3 years.
9. To attain the 1-hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile of the 1-hour daily maximum concentrations at each site
must not exceed 100 ppb. Note that the national 1-hour standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb). California standards are in units of parts per
million (ppm). To directly compare the national 1-hour standard to the California standards the units can be converted from ppb to ppm. In this case,
the national standard of 100 ppb is identical to 0.100 ppm.
10. On June 2, 2010, a new 1-hour SO2 standard was established and the existing 24-hour and annual primary standards were revoked. To attain the 1-
hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 99th percentile of the 1-hour daily maximum concentrations at each site must not exceed 75
ppb. The 1971 SO2 national standards (24-hour and annual) remain in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2010 standard, except
that in areas designated nonattainment for the 1971 standards, the 1971 standards remain in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain
the 2010 standards are approved.
Note that the 1-hour national standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb). California standards are in units of parts per million (ppm). To directly
compare the 1-hour national standard to the California standard the units can be converted to ppm. In this case, the national standard of 75 ppb is
identical to 0.075 ppm.
11. CARB has identified lead and vinyl chloride as ‘toxic air contaminants’ with no threshold level of exposure for adverse health effects determined.
These actions allow for the implementation of control measures at levels below the ambient concentrations specified for these pollutants.
12. The national standard for lead was revised on October 15, 2008, to a rolling 3-month average. The 1978 lead standard (1.5 μg/m3 as a quarterly
average) remains in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2008 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainment for the
1978 standard, the 1978 standard remains in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2008 standard are approved.
13. In 1989, CARB converted the general statewide 10-mile visibility standard to an instrumental equivalent of “extinction of 0.23 per kilometer.”
Several pollutants listed in Table 2 are not addressed in this analysis. Analysis of lead is not included in
this report because the Project is not anticipated to emit lead. Visibility-reducing particles are not
explicitly addressed in this analysis because particulate matter is addressed. The Project is not expected
to generate or be exposed to vinyl chloride because proposed Project uses do not utilize the chemical
processes that create this pollutant and there are no such uses in the Project vicinity. The proposed
Project is not expected to cause exposure to hydrogen sulfide because it would not generate hydrogen
sulfide in any substantial quantity.
2.1.2 South Coast Air Quality Management District
The agency for air pollution control for the South Coast Air Basin (basin) is SCAQMD. SCAQMD is
responsible for controlling emissions primarily from stationary sources. SCAQMD maintains air quality
monitoring stations throughout the basin. SCAQMD, in coordination with the Southern California
Association of Governments, is also responsible for developing, updating, and implementing the Air
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
9
Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the basin. An AQMP is a plan prepared and implemented by an
air pollution district for a county or region designated as nonattainment of the federal and/or California
ambient air quality standards. The term nonattainment area is used to refer to an air basin where one
or more ambient air quality standards are exceeded.
Every three (3) years the SCAQMD prepares a new AQMP, updating the previous plan and having a 20-
year horizon.
On March 23, 2017, CARB approved the 2016 AQMP. The 2016 AQMP is a regional blueprint for achieving
the federal air quality standards and healthful air.
The 2016 AQMP includes both stationary and mobile source strategies to ensure that rapidly
approaching attainment deadlines are met, that public health is protected to the maximum extent
feasible, and that the region is not faced with burdensome sanctions if the Plan is not approved or if the
NAAQS are not met on time. As with every AQMP, a comprehensive analysis of emissions, meteorology,
atmospheric chemistry, regional growth projections, and the impact of existing control measures is
updated with the latest data and methods. The most significant air quality challenge in the Basin is to
reduce nitrogen oxide (Nox) emissions sufficiently to meet the upcoming ozone standard deadlines. The
primary goal of the 2016 AQMP is to meet clean air standards and protect public health, including
ensuring benefits to environmental justice and disadvantaged communities. Now that the plan has been
approved by CARB, it has been forwarded to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for its review. If
approved by EPA, the plan becomes federally enforceable.
South Coast AQMD has initiated the development of the 2022 AQMP to address the attainment of the
2015 8-hour ozone standard (70 ppb) for South Coast Air Basin and Coachella Valley. To support the
development of mobile source strategies for the 2022 AQMP, South Coast AQMD, in conjunction with
California Air Resources Board, has established Mobile Source Working Groups which are open to all
interested parties.
South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules
The AQMP for the basin establishes a program of rules and regulations administered by SCAQMD to
obtain attainment of the state and federal standards. Some of the rules and regulations that apply to
this Project include, but are not limited to, the following:
SCAQMD Rule 402 prohibits a person from discharging from any source whatsoever such quantities of
air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any
considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety
of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage
to business or property.
SCAQMD Rule 403 governs emissions of fugitive dust during construction and operation activities.
Compliance with this rule is achieved through application of standard Best Management Practices, such
as application of water or chemical stabilizers to disturbed soils, covering haul vehicles, restricting vehicle
speeds on unpaved roads to 15 miles per hour, sweeping loose dirt from paved site access roadways,
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
10
cessation of construction activity when winds exceed 25 mph, and establishing a permanent ground
cover on finished sites.
Rule 403 requires that fugitive dust be controlled with best available control measures so that the
presence of such dust does not remain visible in the atmosphere beyond the property line of the
emission source. In addition, Rule 403 requires implementation of dust suppression techniques to
prevent fugitive dust from creating a nuisance off site. Applicable suppression techniques are indicated
below and include but are not limited to the following:
• Apply nontoxic chemical soil stabilizers according to manufacturers’ specifications to all inactive
construction areas (previously graded areas in active for 10 days or more).
• Water active sites at least three times daily.
• Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials, or maintain at least 2 feet of
freeboard in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code (CVC) section 23114.
• Pave construction access roads at least 100 feet onto the site from the main road.
• Reduce traffic speeds on all unpaved roads to 15 mph or less.
• Suspension of all grading activities when wind speeds (including instantaneous wind gusts)
exceed 25 mph.
• Bumper strips or similar best management practices shall be provided where vehicles enter and
exit the construction site onto paved roads or wash off trucks and any equipment leaving the site
each trip.
• Replanting disturbed areas as soon as practical.
• During all construction activities, construction contractors shall sweep on-site and off-site streets
if silt is carried to adjacent public thoroughfares, to reduce the amount of particulate matter on
public streets.
SCAQMD Rule 1113 governs the sale, use, and manufacturing of architectural coating and limits the VOC
content in paints and paint solvents. This rule regulates the VOC content of paints available during
construction. Therefore, all paints and solvents used during construction and operation of Project must
comply with Rule 1113.
Idling Diesel Vehicle Trucks – Idling for more than 5 minutes in any one location is prohibited within
California borders.
Rule 2702. The SCAQMD adopted Rule 2702 on February 6, 2009, which establishes a voluntary air
quality investment program from which SCAQMD can collect funds from parties that desire certified GHG
emission reductions, pool those funds, and use them to purchase or fund GHG emission reduction
projects within two years, unless extended by the Governing Board. Priority will be given to projects
that result in co-benefit emission reductions of GHG emissions and criteria or toxic air pollutants within
environmental justice areas. Further, this voluntary program may compete with the cap-and-trade
program identified for implementation in CARB’s Scoping Plan, or a Federal cap and trade program.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
11
2.1.3 City of Fontana
City of Fontana General Plan
The City of Fontana General Plan Final Environmental Impact Report contains the following air quality
related mitigation measures that are applicable to the proposed project:
MM-AQ-1 In order to reduce future project-related air pollutant emissions and
promote sustainability through conservation of energy and other natural
resources, building and site plan designs shall ensure the project energy
efficiencies surpass (exceed) applicable (2016) California Title 24 Energy
Efficiency Standards by a minimum of 5%. Verification of increased energy
efficiencies shall be documented in Title 24 Compliance Reports provided
by the applicant/developer and reviewed and approved by the City of
Fontana prior to the issuance of the first building permit.
MM-AQ-2 To reduce energy demand associated with potable water conveyance,
future projects shall implement the following, as applicable:
• Landscaping palette emphasizing drought tolerant plants
• Use of water-efficient irrigation techniques
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certified WaterSense
equivalent faucets, high-efficiency toilets, and water-conserving shower
heads
MM-AQ-3 Future projects shall comply with applicable provisions of state law,
including the California Green Standards Code (Part 11 of Title 24 of the
California Code of Regulations.
MM-AQ-4 The applicant/developer shall encourage its tenants to use alternative-
fueled vehicles such as compressed natural gas vehicles, electric vehicles,
or other alternative fuels by providing publicly available information from
the Southern California Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD),
California Air Resources Board (GARB), and U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) on alternative fuel technologies.
MM-AQ-5 To promote alternative fuels and help support "clean" truck fleets, the
developer/successor-in-interest shall provide building occupants and
businesses with information related to the Southern California Air Quality
Management District's (SCAQMD) Carl Moyer Program or other state
programs that restrict operations to "clean" trucks, such as 2007 or newer
model year or 2010 compliant heavy-duty vehicles, and information about
the health effects of diesel particulates, the benefits of reduced idling time,
California Air Resources Board regulations, and the importance of not
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
12
parking in residential areas. If trucks older than 2007 model year would be
used at the project site, the developer/successor-in-interest shall
encourage tenants, through contract specifications, to apply in good-faith
for funding for diesel truck replacement/retrofit through grant programs
such as the Carl Moyer, Prop 18, VIP [On-Road Heavy Duty Voucher
Incentive Program], HVIP [Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus
Voucher Incentive Project], and SOON [Surplus Off-Road Opt-In for NOx]
funding programs, as identified on SCAQMD's website
(http://www.aqmd.gov). Tenants would be required to use those funds, if
awarded.
MM-AQ-6 The applicant/developer shall encourage its tenants to use water-based or
low volatile organic compound (VOC) cleaning products by providing
publicly available information from the Southern California Air Quality
Management District (SCAQMD), California Air Resources Board (CARB},
and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on such cleaning
products.
MM-AQ-7 All on-site forklifts shall be non-diesel and shall be powered by electricity,
compressed natural gas, or propane if technically feasible.
MM-AQ-8 In the event that any off-site utility and/or infrastructure improvements
are required as a direct result of future projects, construction of such off-
site utility and infrastructure improvements shall not occur concurrently
with the demolition, site preparation, and grading phases of project
construction. This requirement shall be clearly noted on all applicable
grading and/or building plans.
MM-AQ-9 All construction equipment shall be maintained in good operation
condition so as to reduce emissions. The construction contractor shall
ensure that all construction equipment is being properly serviced and
maintained as per the manufacturer’s specification. Maintenance records
shall be available at the construction site for City of Fontana verification.
The following additional measures, as determined applicable by the City
Engineer, shall be included as conditions of the Grading Permit issuance:
• Provide temporary traffic controls such as a flag person, during all
phases of construction to maintain smooth traffic flow.
• Provide dedicated turn lanes for movement of construction trucks
and equipment on- and off-site.
• Reroute construction trucks away from congested streets or
sensitive receptor areas.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
13
• Appoint a construction relations officer to act as a community
liaison concerning on-site construction activity including resolution
of issues related to PM10 generation.
• Improve traffic flow by signal synchronization and ensure that all
vehicles and equipment will be properly tuned and maintained
according to manufacturers’ specifications.
• Require the use of 2010 and newer diesel haul trucks (e.g., material
delivery trucks and soil import/export). If the lead agency
determines that 2010 model year or newer diesel trucks cannot be
obtained the lead agency shall use trucks that meet EPA 2007
model year NOx and PM emissions requirements.
• During project construction, all internal combustion
engines/construction equipment operating on the project site shall
meet EPA-Certified Tier 3 emissions standards, or higher according
to the following: J
o January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014: All off-road diesel-
powered construction equipment greater than 50 hp shall
meet Tier 3 off-road emissions standards. In addition, all
construction equipment shall be outfitted with BACT
devices certified by CARB. Any emissions control device
used by the contractor shall achieve emissions reductions
that are no less than what could be achieved by a Level 3
diesel emissions control strategy for a similarly sized engine
as defined by CARB regulations.
o Post-January 1, 2015: All off-road diesel-powered
construction equipment greater than 50 hp shall meet the
Tie. 4 emission standards, where available. In addition, all
construction equipment shall be outfitted with BACT
devices certified by CARB. Any emissions control device
used by the contractor shall achieve emissions reductions
that are no less than what could be achieved. by a Level 3
diesel emissions control strategy for similarly sized engine
as defined by CARB regulations.
o A copy of each unit’s certified tier specification, BACT
documentation, and CARB or SCAQMD operating permit
shall be provided at the time of mobilization of each
applicable unit of equipment.
MM-AQ-10 Prior to the issuance of any grading permits, all Applicants shall submit
construction plans to the City of Fontana denoting the proposed schedule
and projected equipment use. Construction contractors shall provide
evidence that low emission mobile construction equipment will be utilized,
or that their use was investigated and found to be infeasible for the
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
14
project. Contractors shall also conform to any construction measures
imposed by the SCAQMD as well as City Planning Staff.
MM-AQ-11 All paints and coatings shall meet or exceed performance standards noted
in SCAQMD Rule 1113. Specifically, the following measures shall be
implemented, as feasible:
• Use coatings and solvents with a VOC content lower than that
required under AQMD Rule 1113.
• Construct or build with materials that do not require painting.
• Require the-use of pre-painted construction materials.
MM-AQ-12 Projects that result in the construction of more than 19 single-family
residential units, 40 multifamily residential units, or 45,000 square feet of
retail/commercial/industrial space shall be required to apply paints either
by hand or high volume, low pressure (HVLP) spay. These measures may
reduce volatile organic compounds (VOC) associated with the application
of paints and coatings by an estimated 60 to 75 percent. Alternatively, the
contractor may specify the use of low volatility paints and coatings. Several
of currently available primers have VOC contents of less than 0.85 pounds
per gallon (e.g., Dulux professional exterior primer 100 percent acrylic).
Top coats can be less than 0.07 pounds per gallon (8 grams per liter) (e.g.,
Lifemaster 2000-series). This latter measure would reduce these VOC
emissions by more than 70 percent. Larger projects should incorporate
both the use of HVLP or hand application and the requirement for low
volatility coatings.
MM-AQ-13 All asphalt shall meet or exceed performance standards noted in SCAQMD
Rule 1108.
MM-AQ-14 Prior to the issuance of grading permits or approval of grading plans for
future development projects within the project area, future developments
shall include a dust control plan as part of the construction contract
standard specifications. The dust control plan shall include measures to
meet the requirements of SCAQMD Rules 402 and 403. Such measures
may include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Phase and schedule activities to avoid high-ozone days and first-
stage smog alerts.
• Discontinue operation during second-stage smog alerts.
• All haul trucks shall be covered prior to leaving the site to prevent
dust from impacting the surrounding areas.
• Comply with AQMD Rule 403, particularly to minimize fugitive dust
and noise to surrounding areas.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
15
• Moisten soil each day prior to commencing grading to depth of soil
cut.
• Water exposed surfaces at least twice a day under calm conditions,
and as often as needed on windy days or during very dry weather
in order to maintain a surface crust and minimize the release of
visible emissions from the construction site.
• Treat any area that will be exposed for extended periods with a soil
conditioner to stabilize soil or temporarily plant with vegetation.
• Wash mud-covered tires and under carriages of trucks leaving
construction sites.
• Provide for street sweeping, as needed, on adjacent roadways to
remove dirt dropped by construction vehicles or mud, which would
otherwise be carried off by trucks departing project sites.
• Securely cover all loads of fill coming to the site with a tight-fitting
tarp.
• Cease grading during periods when winds exceed 25 miles per
hour.
• Provide for permanent sealing of all graded areas, as applicable, at
the earliest practicable time after soil disturbance.
• Use low-sulfur diesel fuel in all equipment.
• Use electric equipment whenever practicable.
• Shut off engines when not in use.
MM-AQ-15 All industrial and commercial facilities shall post signs requiring that trucks
shall not be left idling for prolonged periods pursuant to Title 13 of the
California Code of Regulations, Section 2485, which limits idle times to not
more than five minutes.
MM-AQ-16 The City of Fontana shall require that both industrial and commercial uses
designate preferential parking for vanpools.
MM-AQ-17 The proposed commercial and industrial areas shall incorporate food
service.
MM-AQ-18 All industrial and commercial site tenants with 50 or more employees shall
be required to post both bus and MetroLink schedules in conspicuous
areas.
MM-AQ-19 All industrial and commercial site tenants with 50 or more employees shall
be requested to configure their operating schedules around the MetroLink
schedule to the extent reasonably feasible.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
16
MM-AQ-20 All residential and commercial structures shall be required to incorporate
high efficiency/low polluting heating, air conditioning, appliances, and
water heaters.
MM-AQ-21 All residential and commercial structures shall be required to incorporate
thermal pane windows and weather-stripping
MM-AQ-22 All residential, commercial, and industrial structures shall be required to
incorporate light colored roofing materials.
MM-AQ-23 Prior to approval of future development projects within the project area,
the City of Fontana shall conduct project-level environmental review to
determine potential vehicle emission impacts associated with the
project(s). Mitigation measures shall be developed for each project as it is
considered to mitigate potentially significant impacts to the extent
feasible. Potential mitigation measures may require that facilities with
over 250 employees (full or part-time employees at a worksite for a
consecutive six-month period calculated as a monthly average), as
required by the Air Quality Management Plan, implement Transportation
Demand Management (TDM) programs.
2.2 Greenhouse Gas Regulatory Setting
2.2.1 International
Many countries around the globe have made an effort to reduce GHGs since climate change is a global
issue.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In 1988, the United Nations and the World Meteorological
Organization established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to assess the scientific,
technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-
induced climate change, its potential impacts, and options for adaptation and mitigation.
United Nations. The United States participates in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) (signed on March 21, 1994). Under the Convention, governments gather and share
information on greenhouse gas emissions, national policies, and best practices; launch national
strategies for addressing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the
provision of financial and technological support to developing countries; and cooperate in preparing for
adaptation to the impacts of climate change.
The 2014 UN Climate Change Conference in Lima Peru provided a unique opportunity to engage all
countries to assess how developed countries are implementing actions to reduce emissions.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
17
Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is a treaty made under the UNFCCC and was the first international
agreement to regulate GHG emissions. It has been estimated that if the commitments outlined in the
Kyoto Protocol are met, global GHG emissions could be reduced by an estimated 5 percent from 1990
levels during the first commitment period of 2008 – 2012 (UNFCCC 1997). On December 8, 2012, the
Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was adopted. The amendment includes: New commitments for
Annex I Parties to the Kyoto Protocol who agreed to take on commitments in a second commitment
period from 2013 – 2020; a revised list of greenhouse gases (GHG) to be reported on by Parties in the
second commitment period; and Amendments to several articles of the Kyoto Protocol which specifically
referenced issues pertaining to the first commitment period and which needed to be updated for the
second commitment period.
2.2.2 National
Greenhouse Gas Endangerment. On December 2, 2009, the EPA announced that GHGs threaten the
public health and welfare of the American people. The EPA also states that GHG emissions from on-road
vehicles contribute to that threat. The decision was based on Massachusetts v. EPA (Supreme Court Case
05-1120) which argued that GHGs are air pollutants covered by the Clean Air Act and that the EPA has
authority to regulate those emissions.
Clean Vehicles. Congress first passed the Corporate Average Fuel Economy law in 1975 to increase the
fuel economy of cars and light duty trucks. The law has become more stringent over time. On May 19,
2009, President Obama put in motion a new national policy to increase fuel economy for all new cars
and trucks sold in the United States. On April 1, 2010, the EPA and the Department of Transportation’s
National Highway Safety Administration announced a joint final rule establishing a national program that
would reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve fuel economy for new cars and trucks sold in the
United States.
The first phase of the national program would apply to passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-
duty passenger vehicles, covering model years 2012 through 2016. They require these vehicles to meet
an estimated combined average emissions level of 250 grams of carbon dioxide per mile, equivalent to
35.5 miles per gallon if the automobile industry were to meet this carbon dioxide level solely through
fuel economy improvements. Together, these standards would cut carbon dioxide emissions by an
estimated 960 million metric tons and 1.8 billion barrels of oil over the lifetime of the vehicles sold under
the program (model years 2012-2016). The second phase of the national program would involve
proposing new fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards for model years 2017 – 2025 by September
1, 2011.
On October 25, 2010, the EPA and the U.S. Department of Transportation proposed the first national
standards to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve fuel efficiency of heavy-duty trucks and
buses. For combination tractors, the agencies are proposing engine and vehicle standards that begin in
the 2014 model year and achieve up to a 20 percent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and fuel
consumption by the 2018 model year. For heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans, the agencies are proposing
separate gasoline and diesel truck standards, which phase in starting in the 2014 model year and achieve
up to a 10 percent reduction for gasoline vehicles and 15 percent reduction for diesel vehicles by 2018
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
18
model year (12 and 17 percent respectively if accounting for air conditioning leakage). Lastly, for
vocational vehicles, the agencies are proposing engine and vehicle standards starting in the 2014 model
year which would achieve up to a 10 percent reduction in fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions
by 2018 model year.
Issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and EPA in March 2020 (published
on April 30, 2020, and effective after June 29, 2020), the Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Rule
would maintain the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) and CO2 standards applicable in model year
2020 for model years 2021 through 2026. The estimated CAFÉ and CO2 standards for model year 2020
are 43.7 mpg and 204 grams of CO2 per mile for passenger cars and 31.3 mpg and 284 grams of CO2 per
mile for light trucks, projecting an overall industry average of 37 mpg, as compared to 46.7 mpg under
the standards issued in 2012. This Rule also excludes CO2- equivalent emission improvements associated
with air conditioning refrigerants and leakage (and, optionally, offsets for nitrous oxide and methane
emissions) after model year 2020.1
Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases. On January 1, 2010, the EPA started requiring large
emitters of heat-trapping emissions to begin collecting GHG data under a new reporting system. Under
the rule, suppliers of fossil fuels or industrial greenhouse gases, manufacturers of vehicles and engines,
and facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more per year of greenhouse gas emissions are required to
submit annual reports to the EPA.
Climate Adaption Plan. The EPA Plan identifies priority actions the Agency will take to incorporate
considerations of climate change into its programs, policies, rules and operations to ensure they are
effective under future climatic conditions. The following link provides more information on the EPA Plan:
https://www.epa.gov/arc-x/planning-climate-change-adaptation
2.2.3 California
California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24, Part 6. CCR Title 24, Part 6: California’s Energy Efficiency
Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings (Title 24) were first established in 1978 in
response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption. The standards are updated
periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficiency technologies and
methods. Although it was not originally intended to reduce GHG emissions, electricity production by
fossil fuels results in GHG emissions and energy efficient buildings require less electricity. Therefore,
increased energy efficiency results in decreased GHG emissions.
The Energy Commission adopted 2008 Standards on April 23, 2008, and Building Standards Commission
approved them for publication on September 11, 2008. These updates became effective on August 1,
1 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2018. Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 165 / Friday, August 24, 2018 / Proposed Rules, The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021–2026
Passenger Cars and Light Trucks 2018. Available at: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-08-24/pdf/2018-16820.pdf.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
19
2009. 2013, 2016, and 2019 standards have been approved and became effective July 1, 2014, January
1, 2016, and January 1, 2020, respectively.
California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24, Part 11.
All buildings for which an application for a building permit is submitted on or after January 1, 2020, must
follow the 2019 standards. Energy efficient buildings require less electricity; therefore, increased energy
efficiency reduces fossil fuel consumption and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. The following links
provide more information on Title 24, Part 11:
https://www.dgs.ca.gov/BSC/Codeshttps://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
03/Title_24_2019_Building_Standards_FAQ_ada.pdf
California Green Building Standards.
On January 12, 2010, the State Building Standards Commission unanimously adopted updates to the
California Green Building Standards Code, which went into effect on January 1, 2011. The Housing and
Community Development (HCD) updated CALGreen through the 2015 Triennial Code Adoption Cycle,
during the 2016 to 2017 fiscal year. During the 2019-2020 fiscal year, the Department of Housing and
Community Development (HCD) updated CALGreen through the 2019 Triennial Code Adoption Cycle.
The Code is a comprehensive and uniform regulatory code for all residential, commercial and school
buildings. CCR Title 24, Part 11: California Green Building Standards (Title 24) became effective in 2001
in response to continued efforts to reduce GHG emissions associated with energy consumption. CCR
Title 24, Part 11 now require that new buildings reduce water consumption, employ building
commissioning to increase building system efficiencies, divert construction waste from landfills, and
install low pollutant-emitting finish materials. One focus of CCR Title 24, Part 11 is water conservation
measures, which reduce GHG emissions by reducing electrical consumption associated with pumping
and treating water. CCR Title 24, Part 11 has approximately 52 nonresidential mandatory measures and
an additional 130 provisions for optional use. Some key mandatory measures for commercial
occupancies include specified parking for clean air vehicles, a 20 percent reduction of potable water use
within buildings, a 50 percent construction waste diversion from landfills, use of building finish materials
that emit low levels of volatile organic compounds, and commissioning for new, nonresidential buildings
over 10,000 square feet.
The 2019 CalGreen Code includes the following changes and/or additional regulations:
Single-family homes built with the 2019 standards will use about 7 percent less energy due to energy
efficiency measures versus those built under the 2016 standards. Once rooftop solar electricity
generation is factored in, homes built under the 2019 standards will use about 53 percent less energy
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
20
than those under the 2016 standards. Nonresidential buildings will use about 30 percent less energy due
mainly to lighting upgrades2.
HCD modified the best management practices for stormwater pollution prevention adding Section
5.106.2 for projects that disturb one or more acres of land. This section requires projects that disturb
one acre or more of land or less than one acre of land but are part of a larger common plan of
development or sale must comply with the post-construction requirement detailed in the applicable
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Stormwater Discharges
Associated with Construction and Land Disturbance Activities issued by the State Water Resources
Control Board. The NPDES permits require post-construction runoff (post-project hydrology) to match
the preconstruction runoff (pre-project hydrology) with installation of post-construction stormwater
management measures.
HCD added sections 5.106.4.1.3 and 5.106.4.1.5 in regard to bicycle parking. Section 5.106.4.1.3 requires
new buildings with tenant spaces that have 10 or more tenant-occupants, provide secure bicycle parking
for 5 percent of the tenant-occupant vehicular parking spaces with a minimum of one bicycle parking
facility. In addition, Section 5.106.4.1.5 states that acceptable bicycle parking facility for Sections
5.106.4.1.2 through 5.106.4.1.4 shall be convenient from the street and shall meeting one of the
following: (1) covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles; (2) lockable
bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks; or (3) lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers.
HCD amended section 5.106.5.3.5 allowing future charging spaces to qualify as designated parking for
clean air vehicles.
HCD updated section 5.303.3.3 in regard to showerhead flow rates. This update reduced the flow rate
to 1.8 GPM.
HCD amended section 5.304.1 for outdoor potable water use in landscape areas and repealed sections
5.304.2 and 5.304.3. The update requires nonresidential developments to comply with a local water
efficient landscape ordinance or the current California Department of Water Resource’s’ Model Water
Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), whichever is more stringent. Some updates were also made in
regard to the outdoor potable water use in landscape areas for public schools and community colleges.
HCD updated Section 5.504.5.3 in regard to the use of MERV filters in mechanically ventilated buildings.
This update changed the filter use from MERV 8 to MERV 13.
The California Green Building Standards Code does not prevent a local jurisdiction from adopting a more
stringent code as state law provides methods for local enhancements. The Code recognizes that many
jurisdictions have developed existing construction and demolition ordinances, and defers to them as the
2 https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/title24/2019standards/documents/2018_Title_24_2019_Building_Standards_FAQ.pdf
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
21
ruling guidance provided, they provide a minimum 50-percent diversion requirement. The code also
provides exemptions for areas not served by construction and demolition recycling infrastructure. State
building code provides the minimum standard that buildings need to meet in order to be certified for
occupancy. Enforcement is generally through the local building official. The following link provides more
on CalGreen Building Standards:
http://www.bsc.ca.gov/Home/CALGreen.aspx
Executive Order S-3-05. California Governor issued Executive Order S-3-05, GHG Emission, in June 2005,
which established the following targets:
• By 2010, California shall reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels;
• By 2020, California shall reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels; and
• By 2050, California shall reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels.
The executive order directed the secretary of the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA)
to coordinate a multi-agency effort to reduce GHG emissions to the target levels. To comply with the
Executive Order, the secretary of CalEPA created the California Climate Action Team (CAT), made up of
members from various state agencies and commissions. The team released its first report in March
2006. The report proposed to achieve the targets by building on the voluntary actions of businesses,
local governments, and communities and through State incentive and regulatory programs.
Executive Order S-01-07. Executive Order S-1-07 was issued in 2007 and proclaims that the
transportation sector is the main source of GHG emissions in the State, since it generates more than 40
percent of the State’s GHG emissions. It establishes a goal to reduce the carbon intensity of
transportation fuels sold in the State by at least ten percent by 2020. This Order also directs CARB to
determine whether this Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) could be adopted as a discrete early-action
measure as part of the effort to meet the mandates in AB 32.
On April 23, 2009 CARB approved the proposed regulation to implement the low carbon fuel standard
and began implementation on January 1, 2011. The low carbon fuel standard is anticipated to reduce
GHG emissions by about 16 MMT per year by 2020. CARB approved some amendments to the LCFS in
December 2011, which were implemented on January 1, 2013. In September 2015, the Board approved
the re-adoption of the LCFS, which became effective on January 1, 2016, to address procedural
deficiencies in the way the original regulation was adopted. In 2018, the Board approved amendments
to the regulation, which included strengthening and smoothing the carbon intensity benchmarks
through 2030 in-line with California’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target enacted through SB 32,
adding new crediting opportunities to promote zero emission vehicle adoption, alternative jet fuel,
carbon capture and sequestration, and advanced technologies to achieve deep decarbonization in the
transportation sector.
The LCFS is designed to encourage the use of cleaner low-carbon transportation fuels in California,
encourage the production of those fuels, and therefore, reduce GHG emissions and decrease petroleum
dependence in the transportation sector. Separate standards are established for gasoline and diesel
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
22
fuels and the alternative fuels that can replace each. The standards are “back-loaded”, with more
reductions required in the last five years, than the first five years. This schedule allows for the
development of advanced fuels that are lower in carbon than today’s fuels and the market penetration
of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and flexible fuel vehicles. It
is anticipated that compliance with the low carbon fuel standard will be based on a combination of both
lower carbon fuels and more efficient vehicles.
Reformulated gasoline mixed with corn-derived ethanol at ten percent by volume and low sulfur diesel
fuel represent the baseline fuels. Lower carbon fuels may be ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, or
blends of these fuels with gasoline or diesel as appropriate. Compressed natural gas and liquefied
natural gas also may be low carbon fuels. Hydrogen and electricity, when used in fuel cells or electric
vehicles are also considered as low carbon fuels for the low carbon fuel standard.
SB 97. Senate Bill 97 (SB 97) was adopted August 2007 and acknowledges that climate change is a
prominent environmental issue that requires analysis under CEQA. SB 97 directed the Governor’s Office
of Planning and Research (OPR), which is part of the State Resource Agency, to prepare, develop, and
transmit to CARB guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions,
as required by CEQA, by July 1, 2009. The Resources Agency was required to certify and adopt those
guidelines by January 1, 2010.
Pursuant to the requirements of SB 97 as stated above, on December 30, 2009, the Natural Resources
Agency adopted amendments to the state CEQA guidelines that address GHG emissions. The CEQA
Guidelines Amendments changed 14 sections of the CEQA Guidelines and incorporate GHG language
throughout the Guidelines. However, no GHG emissions thresholds of significance are provided and no
specific mitigation measures are identified. The GHG emission reduction amendments went into effect
on March 18, 2010, and are summarized below:
• Climate action plans and other greenhouse gas reduction plans can be used to determine whether a
project has significant impacts, based upon its compliance with the plan.
• Local governments are encouraged to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions of proposed projects,
noting that they have the freedom to select the models and methodologies that best meet their
needs and circumstances. The section also recommends consideration of several qualitative factors
that may be used in the determination of significance, such as the extent to which the given Project
complies with state, regional, or local GHG reduction plans and policies. OPR does not set or dictate
specific thresholds of significance. Consistent with existing CEQA Guidelines, OPR encourages local
governments to develop and publish their own thresholds of significance for GHG impacts
assessment.
• When creating their own thresholds of significance, local governments may consider the thresholds
of significance adopted or recommended by other public agencies, or recommended by experts.
• New amendments include guidelines for determining methods to mitigate the effects of greenhouse
gas emissions in Appendix F of the CEQA Guidelines.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
23
• OPR is clear to state that “to qualify as mitigation, specific measures from an existing plan must be
identified and incorporated into the Project; general compliance with a plan, by itself, is not
mitigation.”
• OPR’s emphasizes the advantages of analyzing GHG impacts on an institutional, programmatic level.
OPR therefore approves tiering of environmental analyses and highlights some benefits of such an
approach.
• Environmental impact reports (EIRs) must specifically consider a project’s energy use and energy
efficiency potential.
AB 32. The California State Legislature enacted AB 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of
2006. AB 32 requires that greenhouse gases emitted in California be reduced to 1990 levels by the year
2020. “Greenhouse gases” as defined under AB 32 include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. CARB is the state agency charged with
monitoring and regulating sources of greenhouse gases. AB 32 states the following:
Global warming poses a serious threat to the economic well-being, public health, natural resources,
and the environment of California. The potential adverse impacts of global warming include the
exacerbation of air quality problems, a reduction in the quality and supply of water to the state from
the Sierra snowpack, a rise in sea levels resulting in the displacement of thousands of coastal
businesses and residences, damage to marine ecosystems and the natural environment, and an
increase in the incidences of infectious diseases, asthma, and other human health-related problems.
The CARB Board approved the 1990 greenhouse gas emissions level of 427 million metric tons of carbon
dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2e) on December 6, 2007 (California Air Resources Board 2007). Therefore,
emissions generated in California in 2020 are required to be equal to or less than 427 MMTCO2e.
Emissions in 2020 in a “business as usual” scenario are estimated to be 596 MMTCO2e.
Under AB 32, CARB published its Final Expanded List of Early Action Measures to Reduce Greenhouse
Gas Emissions in California. Discrete early action measures are currently underway or are enforceable
by January 1, 2010. CARB has 44 early action measures that apply to the transportation, commercial,
forestry, agriculture, cement, oil and gas, fire suppression, fuels, education, energy efficiency, electricity,
and waste sectors. Of these early action measures, nine are considered discrete early action measures,
as they are regulatory and enforceable by January 1, 2010. CARB estimates that the 44 recommendations
are expected to result in reductions of at least 42 MMTCO2e by 2020, representing approximately 25
percent of the 2020 target.
CARB’s Climate Change Scoping Plan (Scoping Plan) contains measures designed to reduce the State’s
emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020 (California Air Resources Board 2008). The Scoping Plan
identifies recommended measures for multiple greenhouse gas emission sectors and the associated
emission reductions needed to achieve the year 2020 emissions target—each sector has a different
emission reduction target. Most of the measures target the transportation and electricity sectors. As
stated in the Scoping Plan, the key elements of the strategy for achieving the 2020 greenhouse gas target
include:
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
24
• Expanding and strengthening existing energy efficiency programs as well as building and appliance
standards;
• Achieving a statewide renewables energy mix of 33 percent;
• Developing a California cap-and-trade program that links with other Western Climate Initiative
partner programs to create a regional market system;
• Establishing targets for transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions for regions throughout
California and pursuing policies and incentives to achieve those targets;
• Adopting and implementing measures pursuant to existing State laws and policies, Including
California’s clean car standards, goods movement measures, and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard; and
• Creating targeted fees, including a public goods charge on water use, fees on high global warming
potential gases, and a fee to fund the administrative costs of the State’s long-term commitment to
AB 32 implementation.
In addition, the Scoping Plan differentiates between “capped” and “uncapped” strategies. “Capped”
strategies are subject to the proposed cap-and-trade program. The Scoping Plan states that the inclusion
of these emissions within the cap-and trade program will help ensure that the year 2020 emission targets
are met despite some degree of uncertainty in the emission reduction estimates for any individual
measure. Implementation of the capped strategies is calculated to achieve a sufficient amount of
reductions by 2020 to achieve the emission target contained in AB 32. “Uncapped” strategies that will
not be subject to the cap-and-trade emissions caps and requirements are provided as a margin of safety
by accounting for additional greenhouse gas emission reductions.4
Senate Bill 100. Senate Bill 100 (SB 100) requires 100 percent of total retail sales of electricity in
California to come from eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources by December
31, 2045. SB 100 was adopted September 2018.
The interim thresholds from prior Senate Bills and Executive Orders would also remain in effect. These
include Senate Bill 1078 (SB 1078), which requires retail sellers of electricity, including investor-owned
utilities and community choice aggregators, to provide at least 20 percent of their supply from renewable
sources by 2017. Senate Bill 107 (SB 107) which changed the target date to 2010. Executive Order S-14-
08, which was signed on November 2008 and expanded the State’s Renewable Energy Standard to 33
percent renewable energy by 2020. Executive Order S-21-09 directed CARB to adopt regulations by July
31, 2010 to enforce S-14-08. Senate Bill X1-2 codifies the 33 percent renewable energy requirement by
2020.
SB 375. Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) was adopted September 2008 and aligns regional transportation
planning efforts, regional GHG emission reduction targets, and land use and housing allocation. SB 375
requires Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) to adopt a sustainable communities strategy (SCS)
or alternate planning strategy (APS) that will prescribe land use allocation in that MPOs Regional
Transportation Plan (RTP). CARB, in consultation with each MPO, will provide each affected region with
reduction targets for GHGs emitted by passenger cars and light trucks in the region for the years 2020
and 2035. These reduction targets will be updated every eight years but can be updated every four years
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
25
if advancements in emissions technologies affect the reduction strategies to achieve the targets. CARB
is also charged with reviewing each MPO’s sustainable communities strategy or alternate planning
strategy for consistency with its assigned targets.
The proposed Project is located within the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG),
which has authority to develop the SCS or APS. For the SCAG region, the targets set by CARB are at eight
percent below 2005 per capita GHG emissions levels by 2020 and 13 percent below 2005 per capita GHG
emissions levels by 2035. On April 4, 2012, SCAG adopted the 2012-2035 Regional Transportation Plan
/ Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS), which meets the CARB emission reduction requirements.
On September 3, 2020, SCAG’s Regional Council approved and fully adopted the Connect SoCal (2020–
2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy), and the addendum to the
Connect SoCal Program Environmental Impact Report. Connect SoCal is a long-range visioning plan that
builds upon and expands land use and transportation strategies established over several planning cycles
to increase mobility options and achieve a more sustainable growth pattern. Connect SoCal outlines
more than $638 billion in transportation system investments through 2045. Connect SoCal is supported
by a combination of transportation and land use strategies that help the region achieve state greenhouse
gas emission reduction goals and federal Clean Air Act requirements, preserve open space areas,
improve public health and roadway safety, support our vital goods movement industry and utilize
resources more efficiently. By integrating the Forecasted Development Pattern with a suite of financially
constrained transportation investments, Connect SoCal can reach the regional target of reducing
greenhouse gases, or GHGs, from autos and light-duty trucks by 8 percent per capita by 2020, and 19
percent by 2035 (compared to 2005 levels).
City and County land use policies, including General Plans, are not required to be consistent with the RTP
and associated SCS or APS. However, new provisions of CEQA would incentivize, through streamlining
and other provisions, qualified projects that are consistent with an approved SCS or APS and categorized
as “transit priority projects.”
Assembly Bill 939, Assembly Bill, and Senate Bill 1374. Assembly Bill 939 (AB 939) requires that each
jurisdiction in California to divert at least 50 percent of its waste away from landfills, whether through
waste reduction, recycling or other means. AB 341 requires at least 75 percent of generated waste be
source reduced, recycled, or composted by the year 2020. Senate Bill 1374 (SB 1374) requires the
California Integrated Waste Management Board to adopt a model ordinance by March 1, 2004 suitable
for adoption by any local agency to require 50 to 75 percent diversion of construction and demolition of
waste materials from landfills.
Executive Order S-13-08. Executive Order S-13-08 indicates that “climate change in California during the
next century is expected to shift precipitation patterns, accelerate sea level rise and increase
temperatures, thereby posing a serious threat to California’s economy, to the health and welfare of its
population and to its natural resources.” Pursuant to the requirements in the order, the 2009 California
Climate Adaptation Strategy (California Natural Resource Agency 2009) was adopted, which is the “…
first statewide, multi-sector, region-specific, and information-based climate change in California,
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
26
identifying and exploring strategies to adapt to climate change, and specifying a direction for future
research.
Executive Order B-30-15. Executive Order B-30-15, establishing a new interim statewide greenhouse gas
emission reduction target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030,
was signed by Governor Brown in April 2015.
Executive Order B-29-15. Executive Order B-29-15, mandates a statewide 25% reduction in potable
water usage and was signed into law on April 1, 2015.
Executive Order B-37-16. Executive Order B-37-16, continuing the State’s adopted water reduction, was
signed into law on May 9, 2016. The water reduction builds off the mandatory 25% reduction called for
in EO B-29-15.
Executive Order N-79-20. Executive Order N-79-20 was signed into law on September 23, 2020 and
mandates 100 percent of in-state sales of new passenger cars and trucks be zero-emission by 2035; 100
percent of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles in the state be zero-emission vehicles by 2045 for all
operations where feasible and by 2035 for drayage trucks; and to transition to 100 percent zero-emission
off-road vehicles and equipment by 2035 where feasible.
2.2.4 South Coast Air Quality Management District
The Project is within the South Coast Air Basin, which is under the jurisdiction of SCAQMD. SCAQMD
Regulation XXVII currently includes three rules:
• The purpose of Rule 2700 is to define terms and post global warming potentials.
• The purpose of Rule 2701, SoCal Climate Solutions Exchange, is to establish a voluntary program to
encourage, quantify, and certify voluntary, high quality certified greenhouse gas emission reductions
in the SCAQMD.
• Rule 2702, Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program, was adopted on February 6, 2009. The purpose of
this rule is to create a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program for greenhouse gas emission reductions
in the SCAQMD. The SCAQMD will fund projects through contracts in response to requests for
proposals or purchase reductions from other parties.
SCAQMD Threshold Development
The SCAQMD has established recommended significance thresholds for greenhouse gases for local lead
agency consideration (“SCAQMD draft local agency threshold”). SCAQMD has published a five-tiered
draft GHG threshold which includes a 10,000 metric ton of CO2e per year for stationary/industrial sources
and 3,000 metric tons of CO2e per year significance threshold for residential/commercial projects (South
Coast Air Quality Management District 2010c). Tier 3 is anticipated to be the primary tier by which the
SCAQMD will determine significance for projects. The Tier 3 screening level for stationary sources is
based on an emission capture rate of 90 percent for all new or modified projects. A 90-precent emission
capture rate means that 90 percent of total emissions from all new or modified stationary source
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
27
projects would be subject to CEQA analysis. The 90-percent capture rate GHG significance screening level
in Tier 3 for stationary sources was derived using the SCAQMD’s annual Emissions Reporting Program.
The current draft thresholds consist of the following tiered approach:
• Tier 1 consists of evaluating whether or not the Project qualifies for any applicable exemption under
CEQA.
• Tier 2 consists of determining whether or not the Project is consistent with a greenhouse gas
reduction plan. If a project is consistent with a qualifying local greenhouse gas reduction plan, it
does not have significant greenhouse gas emissions.
• Tier 3 consists of screening values, which the lead agency can choose but must be consistent. A
project’s construction emissions are averaged over 30 years and are added to a project’s operational
emissions. If a project’s emissions are under one of the following screening thresholds, then the
project is less than significant:
- All land use types: 3,000 MTCO2e per year; and
- Based on land use types: residential is 3,500 MTCO2e per year; commercial is 1,400 MTCO2e
per year; and mixed use is 3,000 MTCO2e per year
• Tier 4 has the following options:
- Option 1: Reduce emissions from business as usual by a certain percentage; this percentage is
currently undefined;
- Option 2: Early implementation of applicable AB 32 Scoping Plan measures;
- Option 3: Year 2020 target for service populations (SP), which includes residents and employees:
4.8 MTCO2e/SP/year for projects and 6.6 MTCO2e/SP/year for plans; or
- Option 3, 2035 target: 3.0 MTCO2e/SP/year for projects and 4.1 MTCO2e/SP/year for plans
• Tier 5 involves mitigation offsets to achieve target significance threshold.
2.2.5 County of San Bernardino
County of San Bernardino Climate Action Plan
The County of San Bernardino adopted its “Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan” in December in
2011. An update to the GHG Emissions Development Review Process was made in 2015. The purpose of
the GHG Plan is to reduce the County’s internal and external GHG emissions by 15 percent below current
(2011) levels by year 2020. The GHG Plan includes a two-tiered development review procedure to
determine if a project could result in a significant impact related greenhouse gas emissions or otherwise
comply with the Plan pursuant to Section 15183.5 of the state CEQA Guidelines.
The initial screening procedure is to determine if a project will emit 3,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (MTCO2e) per year or more. Projects that do not exceed this threshold require no further
climate change analysis. Projects exceeding this threshold must meet a minimum 31 percent emissions
reduction in order to garner a less than significant determination. This can be met by either (1) achieving
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
28
100 points from a menu of mitigation options provided in the GHG Plan or (2) quantifying proposed
reduction measures. Projects failing to meet the 31 percent reduction threshold would have a potentially
significant impact related to climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. An update to the GHG
Emissions Development Review Process was made in March 2015 to both improve upon the menu of
options available in the screening tables and to bring performance standards up to current code.
Therefore, to determine whether the Project’s GHG emissions are significant, this analysis uses the
County of San Bernardino and SCAQMD draft local agency tier 3 threshold screening threshold of 3,000
MTCO2e per year for all land use types.
The Project will be subject to the latest requirements of the California Green Building and Title 24 Energy
Efficiency Standards (currently 2019) which would reduce Project-related greenhouse gas emissions.
2.2.6 City of Fontana
City of Fontana General Plan
The City of Fontana General Plan Final Environmental Impact Report contains the following greenhouse
gas related mitigation measures that are applicable to the proposed project:
MM-GHG-1
Prior to the issuance of building permits, future development projects shall demonstrate the
incorporation of project design features that achieve a minimum of 28.5 percent reduction in GHG
emissions from non-mobile sources as compared to business as usual conditions. With regard to
expansions/modifications of existing facilities, this mitigation measure shall be applied to the resulting
incremental net increase in enclosed floor area. Future projects shall include, but not be limited to, the
following list of potential design features (which include measures for reducing GHG emissions related
to Transportation and Motor Vehicles).
Energy Efficiency
• Design buildings to be energy efficient and exceed Title 24 requirements by at least 5 percent.
• Install efficient lighting and lighting control systems. Site and design building to take advantage
of daylight.
• Use trees, landscaping and sun screens on west and south exterior building walls to reduce
energy use. Install light colored “cool” roofs and cool pavements.
• Provide information on energy management services for large energy users.
• Install energy efficient heating and cooling systems, appliances and equipment, and control
systems (e.g., minimum of Energy Star rated equipment).
• Implement design features to increase the efficiency of the building envelope (i.e., the barrier
between conditioned and unconditioned spaces).
• Install light emitting diodes (LEDs) for traffic, street and other outdoor lighting.
• Limit the hours of operation of outdoor lighting.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
29
Renewable Energy
• Install solar panels on carports and over parking areas. Ensure all industrial buildings are designed
to have “solar ready” roofs.
• Use combined heat and power in appropriate applications.
Water Conservation and Efficiency
• Create water-efficient landscapes with a preference for a xeriscape landscape palette.
• Install water-efficient irrigation systems and devices, such as soil moisture-based irrigation
controls.
• Design buildings to be water-efficient. Install water-efficient fixtures and appliances (e.g., EPA
WaterSense labeled products).
• Restrict watering methods (e.g., prohibit systems that apply water to non-vegetated surfaces)
and control runoff.
• Restrict the use of water for cleaning outdoor surfaces and vehicles.
• Implement low-impact development practices that maintain the existing hydrologic character of
the site to manage storm water and protect the environment. (Retaining storm water runoff on-
site can drastically reduce the need for energy-intensive imported water at the site).
• Devise a comprehensive water conservation strategy appropriate for the project and location.
The strategy may include many of the specific items listed above, plus other innovative measures
that are appropriate to the specific project.
• Provide education about water conservation and available programs and incentives.
Solid Waste Measures
• Reuse and recycle construction and demolition waste (including, but not limited to, soil,
vegetation, concrete, lumber, metal, and cardboard).
• Provide interior and exterior storage areas for recyclables and green waste and adequate
recycling containers located in public areas.
• Provide education and publicity about reducing waste and available recycling services.
Transportation and Motor Vehicles
• Limit idling time for commercial vehicles, including delivery and construction vehicles.
• Promote ride sharing programs (e.g., by designating certain percentage of parking spaces for ride
sharing vehicles, designating adequate passenger loading and unloading and waiting areas for
ride sharing vehicles, and providing a web site or message board for coordinating rides).
• Create local “light vehicle” networks, such as neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV) systems.
• Provide the necessary facilities and infrastructure to encourage the use of low or zero-emission
vehicles (e.g., electric vehicle charging facilities and conveniently located alternative fueling
stations).
• Promote “least polluting” ways to connect people and goods to their destinations.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
30
• Incorporate bicycle lanes and routes into street systems, new subdivisions, and large
developments.
• Incorporate bicycle-friendly intersections into street design.
• For commercial projects, provide adequate bicycle parking near building entrances to promote
cyclist safety, security, and convenience. For large employers, provide facilities that encourage
bicycle commuting (e.g., locked bicycle storage or covered or indoor bicycle parking).
• Create bicycle lanes and walking paths directed to the location of schools, parks, and other
destination points.
2.3 Energy Regulatory Setting
Federal and state agencies regulate energy use and consumption through various means and programs.
On the federal level, the United States Department of Transportation, the United States Department of
Energy, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency are three federal agencies with
substantial influence over energy policies and programs. On the state level, the PUC and the California
Energy Commissions (CEC) are two agencies with authority over different aspects of energy. Relevant
federal and state energy‐related laws and plans are summarized below.
2.3.1 Federal Regulations
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) Standards
First established by the U.S. Congress in 1975, the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) standards
reduce energy consumption by increasing the fuel economy of cars and light trucks. The National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
jointly administer the CAFÉ standards. The U.S. Congress has specified that CAFÉ standards must be set
at the “maximum feasible level” with consideration given for: (1) technological feasibility; (2) economic
practicality; (3) effect of other standards on fuel economy; and (4) need for the nation to conserve
energy.3
Issued by NHTSA and EPA in March 2020 (published on April 30, 2020 and effective after June 29, 2020),
the Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Rule would maintain the CAFÉ and CO2 standards applicable
in model year 2020 for model years 2021 through 2026. The estimated CAFÉ and CO2 standards for
model year 2020 are 43.7 mpg and 204 grams of CO2 per mile for passenger cars and 31.3 mpg and 284
grams of CO2 per mile for light trucks, projecting an overall industry average of 37 mpg, as compared to
46.7 mpg under the standards issued in 2012.4
3 https://www.nhtsa.gov/lawsregulations/corporate-average-fuel-economy.
4 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2018. Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 165 /
Friday, August 24, 2018 / Proposed Rules, The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021–2026 Passenger Cars and Light
Trucks 2018. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/safer-affordable-fuel-efficient-safe-vehicles-final-rule.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
31
Intermodal Surface transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA)
The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) promoted the development of
inter‐modal transportation systems to maximize mobility as well as address national and local interests
in air quality and energy. ISTEA contained factors that Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) were
to address in developing transportation plans and programs, including some energy‐related factors. To
meet the new ISTEA requirements, MPOs adopted explicit policies defining the social, economic, energy,
and environmental values guiding transportation decisions.
The Transportation Equity Act of the 21st Century (TEA-21)
The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA‐21) was signed into law in 1998 and builds upon
the initiatives established in the ISTEA legislation, discussed above. TEA‐21 authorizes highway, highway
safety, transit, and other efficient surface transportation programs. TEA‐21 continues the program
structure established for highways and transit under ISTEA, such as flexibility in the use of funds,
emphasis on measures to improve the environment, and focus on a strong planning process as the
foundation of good transportation decisions. TEA‐21 also provides for investment in research and its
application to maximize the performance of the transportation system through, for example,
deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems, to help improve operations and management of
transportation systems and vehicle safety.
2.3.2 State Regulations
Integrated Energy Policy Report (IEPR)
Senate Bill 1389 requires the California Energy Commission (CEC) to prepare a biennial integrated energy
policy report that assesses major energy trends and issues facing the State’s electricity, natural gas, and
transportation fuel sectors and provides policy recommendations to conserve resources; protect the
environment; ensure reliable, secure, and diverse energy supplies; enhance the state’s economy; and
protect public health and safety. The Energy Commission prepares these assessments and associated
policy recommendations every two years, with updates in alternate years, as part of the Integrated
Energy Policy Report.
The 2019 Integrated Energy Policy Report (2019 IEPR) was adopted February 20, 2020, and continues to
work towards improving electricity, natural gas, and transportation fuel energy use in California. The
2019 IEPR focuses on a variety of topics such as decarbonizing buildings, integrating renewables, energy
efficiency, energy equity, integrating renewable energy, updates on Southern California electricity
reliability, climate adaptation activities for the energy sector, natural gas assessment, transportation
energy demand forecast, and the California Energy Demand Forecast.5
5 California Energy Commission. Final 2019 Integrated Energy Policy Report. February 20, 2020. https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/reports/integrated-
energy-policy-report/2019-integrated-energy-policy-report
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
32
The 2020 IEPR was adopted March 23, 2021 and identifies actions the state and others can take to ensure
a clean. Affordable, and reliable energy system. In 2020, the IEPR focuses on California’s transportation
future and the transition to zero-emission vehicles, examines microgrids, lessons learned form a decade
of state-supported research, and stakeholder feedback on the potential of microgrids to contribute to a
lean and resilient energy system; and reports on California’s energy demand outlook, updated to reflect
the global pandemic and help plan for a growth in zero-emission plug in electric vehicles.6
State of California Energy Plan
The CEC is responsible for preparing the State Energy Plan, which identifies emerging trends related to
energy supply, demand, conservation, public health and safety, and the maintenance of a healthy
economy. The Plan calls for the state to assist in the transformation of the transportation system to
improve air quality, reduce congestion, and increase the efficient use of fuel supplies with the least
environmental and energy costs. To further this policy, the plan identifies a number of strategies,
including assistance to public agencies and fleet operators and encouragement of urban designs that
reduce vehicle miles traveled and accommodate pedestrian and bicycle access.
California Building Standards Code (Title 24)
California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6)
The California Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings
(California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 6) were adopted to ensure that building construction and
system design and installation achieve energy efficiency and preserve outdoor and indoor environmental
quality. The current California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24 standards) are the 2019 Title
24 standards, which became effective on January 1, 2020. The 2019 Title 24 standards include efficiency
improvements to the lighting and efficiency improvements to the non-residential standards include
alignment with the American Society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
All buildings for which an application for a building permit is submitted on or after January 1, 2020 must
follow the 2019 standards. The 2016 residential standards were estimated to be approximately 28
percent more efficient than the 2013 standards, whereas the 2019 residential standards are estimated
to be approximately 7 percent more efficient than the 2016 standards. Furthermore, once rooftop solar
electricity generation is factored in, 2019 residential standards are estimated to be approximately 53
percent more efficient than the 2016 standards. Under the 2019 standards, nonresidential buildings are
estimated to be approximately 30 percent more efficient than the 2016 standards. Energy efficient
buildings require less electricity; therefore, increased energy efficiency reduces fossil fuel consumption
and decreases greenhouse gas emissions.
California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 11)
6 California Energy Commission. Final 2020 Integrated Energy Policy Report. March 23, 2020. https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/reports/integrated-
energy-policy-report/2020-integrated-energy-policy-report-update
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
33
The 2019 California Green Building Standards Code (California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 11),
commonly referred to as the CALGreen Code, went into effect on January 1, 2020. The 2019 CALGreen
Code includes mandatory measures for non-residential development related to site development;
energy efficiency; water efficiency and conservation; material conservation and resource efficiency; and
environmental quality.
The Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) updated CALGreen through the 2019
Triennial Code Adoption Cycle. HCD modified the best management practices for stormwater pollution
prevention adding Section 5.106.2; added sections 5.106.4.1.3 and 5.106.4.1.5 in regard to bicycle
parking; amended section 5.106.5.3.5 allowing future charging spaces to qualify as designated parking
for clean air vehicles; updated section 5.303.3.3 in regard to showerhead flow rates; amended section
5.304.1 for outdoor potable water use in landscape areas and repealed sections 5.304.2 and 5.304.3;
and updated Section 5.504.5.3 in regard to the use of MERV filters in mechanically ventilated buildings.
Senate Bill 100
Senate Bill 100 (SB 100) requires 100 percent of total retail sales of electricity in California to come from
eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources by December 31, 2045. SB 100 was
adopted September 2018.
The interim thresholds from prior Senate Bills and Executive Orders would also remain in effect. These
include Senate Bill 1078 (SB 1078), which requires retail sellers of electricity, including investor-owned
utilities and community choice aggregators, to provide at least 20 percent of their supply from renewable
sources by 2017. Senate Bill 107 (SB 107) which changed the target date to 2010. Executive Order S-14-
08, which was signed on November 2008 and expanded the State’s Renewable Energy Standard to 33
percent renewable energy by 2020. Executive Order S-21-09 directed the CARB to adopt regulations by
July 31, 2010 to enforce S-14-08. Senate Bill X1-2 codifies the 33 percent renewable energy requirement
by 2020.
Senate Bill 350
Senate Bill 350 (SB 350) was signed into law October 7, 2015, SB 350 increases California’s renewable
electricity procurement goal from 33 percent by 2020 to 50 percent by 2030. This will increase the use
of Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) eligible resources, including solar, wind, biomass, geothermal,
and others. In addition, SB 350 requires the state to double statewide energy efficiency savings in
electricity and natural gas end uses by 2030. To help ensure these goals are met and the greenhouse gas
emission reductions are realized, large utilities will be required to develop and submit Integrated
Resource Plans (IRPs). These IRPs will detail how each entity will meet their customers resource needs,
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ramp up the deployment of clean energy resources.
Assembly Bill 32
In 2006 the California State Legislature adopted Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32), the California Global Warming
Solutions Act of 2006. AB 32 requires CARB, to adopt rules and regulations that would achieve GHG
emissions equivalent to statewide levels in 1990 by 2020 through an enforceable statewide emission cap
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
34
which will be phased in starting in 2012. Emission reductions shall include carbon sequestration projects
that would remove carbon from the atmosphere and best management practices that are
technologically feasible and cost effective.
Assembly Bill 1493/Pavley Regulations
California Assembly Bill 1493 enacted on July 22, 2002, required CARB to develop and adopt regulations
that reduce GHGs emitted by passenger vehicles and light duty trucks. In 2005, the CARB submitted a
“waiver” request to the EPA from a portion of the federal Clean Air Act in order to allow the State to set
more stringent tailpipe emission standards for CO2 and other GHG emissions from passenger vehicles
and light duty trucks. On December 19, 2007 the EPA announced that it denied the “waiver” request. On
January 21, 2009, CARB submitted a letter to the EPA administrator regarding the State’s request to
reconsider the waiver denial. The EPA approved the waiver on June 30, 2009.
Executive Order S-1-07/Low Carbon Fuel Standard
Executive Order S-1-07 was issued in 2007 and proclaims that the transportation sector is the main
source of GHG emissions in the State, since it generates more than 40 percent of the State’s GHG
emissions. It establishes a goal to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels sold in the State by
at least ten percent by 2020. This Order also directs CARB to determine whether this Low Carbon Fuel
Standard (LCFS) could be adopted as a discrete early-action measure as part of the effort to meet the
mandates in AB 32.
On April 23, 2009 CARB approved the proposed regulation to implement the low carbon fuel standard
and began implementation on January 1, 2011. The low carbon fuel standard is anticipated to reduce
GHG emissions by about 16 MMT per year by 2020. CARB approved some amendments to the LCFS in
December 2011, which were implemented on January 1, 2013. In September 2015, the Board approved
the re-adoption of the LCFS, which became effective on January 1, 2016, to address procedural
deficiencies in the way the original regulation was adopted. In 2018, the Board approved amendments
to the regulation, which included strengthening and smoothing the carbon intensity benchmarks
through 2030 in-line with California’s 2030 GHG emission reduction target enacted through SB 32,
adding new crediting opportunities to promote zero emission vehicle adoption, alternative jet fuel,
carbon capture and sequestration, and advanced technologies to achieve deep decarbonization in the
transportation sector.
The LCFS is designed to encourage the use of cleaner low-carbon transportation fuels in California,
encourage the production of those fuels, and therefore, reduce GHG emissions and decrease petroleum
dependence in the transportation sector. Separate standards are established for gasoline and diesel
fuels and the alternative fuels that can replace each. The standards are “back-loaded”, with more
reductions required in the last five years, than during the first five years. This schedule allows for the
development of advanced fuels that are lower in carbon than today’s fuels and the market penetration
of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and flexible fuel vehicles. It
is anticipated that compliance with the low carbon fuel standard will be based on a combination of both
lower carbon fuels and more efficient vehicles.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
35
Reformulated gasoline mixed with corn-derived ethanol at ten percent by volume and low sulfur diesel
fuel represent the baseline fuels. Lower carbon fuels may be ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, or
blends of these fuels with gasoline or diesel as appropriate. Compressed natural gas and liquefied natural
gas also may be low carbon fuels. Hydrogen and electricity, when used in fuel cells or electric vehicles
are also considered as low carbon fuels for the low carbon fuel standard.
Executive Order N-79-20.
Executive Order N-79-20 was signed into law on September 23, 2020 and mandates 100 percent of in-
state sales of new passenger cars and trucks be zero-emission by 2035; 100 percent of medium- and
heavy-duty vehicles in the state be zero-emission vehicles by 2045 for all operations where feasible and
by 2035 for drayage trucks; and to transition to 100 percent zero-emission off-road vehicles and
equipment by 2035 where feasible.
California Air Resources Board
CARB’s Advanced Clean Cars Program
Closely associated with the Pavley regulations, the Advanced Clean Cars emissions control program was
approved by CARB in 2012. The program combines the control of smog, soot, and GHGs with
requirements for greater numbers of zero-emission vehicles for model years 2015–2025. The
components of the Advanced Clean Cars program include the Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) regulations
that reduce criteria pollutants and GHG emissions from light- and medium-duty vehicles, and the Zero-
Emission Vehicle (ZEV) regulation, which requires manufacturers to produce an increasing number of
pure ZEVs (meaning battery electric and fuel cell electric vehicles), with provisions to also produce plug-
in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) in the 2018 through 2025 model years.7
Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Limit Diesel-Fueled Commercial Motor Vehicle Idling
The Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Limit Diesel-Fueled Commercial Motor Vehicle Idling (Title 13,
California Code of Regulations, Division 3, Chapter 10, Section 2435) was adopted to reduce public
exposure to diesel particulate matter and other air contaminants by limiting the idling of diesel-fueled
commercial motor vehicles. This section applies to diesel-fueled commercial motor vehicles with gross
vehicular weight ratings of greater than 10,000 pounds that are or must be licensed for operation on
highways. Reducing idling of diesel-fueled commercial motor vehicles reduces the amount of petroleum-
based fuel used by the vehicle.
Regulation to Reduce Emissions of Diesel Particulate Matter, Oxides of Nitrogen, and other Criteria
Pollutants, form In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel-Fueled Vehicles
7 California Air Resources Board, California’s Advanced Clean Cars Program, January 18, 2017. www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/acc/acc.htm.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Regulatory Framework and Background
36
The Regulation to Reduce Emissions of Diesel Particulate Matter, Oxides of Nitrogen and other Criteria
Pollutants, from In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel-Fueled Vehicles (Title 13, California Code of Regulations,
Division 3, Chapter 1, Section 2025) was adopted to reduce emissions of diesel particulate matter, oxides
of nitrogen (NOX) and other criteria pollutants from in-use diesel-fueled vehicles. This regulation is
phased, with full implementation by 2023. The regulation aims to reduce emissions by requiring the
installation of diesel soot filters and encouraging the retirement, replacement, or repower of older,
dirtier engines with newer emission-controlled models. The newer emission controlled models would
use petroleum-based fuel in a more efficient manner.
Sustainable Communities Strategy
The Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008, or Senate Bill 375 (SB 375),
coordinates land use planning, regional transportation plans, and funding priorities to help California
meet the GHG reduction mandates established in AB 32.
Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) was adopted September 2008 and aligns regional transportation planning
efforts, regional GHG emission reduction targets, and land use and housing allocation. SB 375 requires
Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) to adopt a sustainable communities strategy (SCS) or
alternate planning strategy (APS) that will prescribe land use allocation in that MPOs Regional
Transportation Plan (RTP). CARB, in consultation with each MPO, will provide each affected region with
reduction targets for GHGs emitted by passenger cars and light trucks in the region for the years 2020
and 2035. These reduction targets will be updated every eight years but can be updated every four years
if advancements in emissions technologies affect the reduction strategies to achieve the targets. CARB
is also charged with reviewing each MPO’s sustainable communities strategy or alternate planning
strategy for consistency with its assigned targets.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
37
3.0 Setting
3.3 Existing Physical Setting
The Project site is located in the City of Fontana within the southwestern portion of County of San
Bernardino, which is part of the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) that includes all of Orange County as well
as the non-desert portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. The South Coast Air
Basin is located on a coastal plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills to the east. Regionally, the
South Coast Air Basin is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the southwest and high mountains to the east
forming the inland perimeter.
3.3.1 Local Climate and Meteorology
Dominant airflows provide the driving mechanism for transport and dispersion of air pollution. The
mountains surrounding the region form natural horizontal barriers to the dispersion of air contaminants.
Air pollution created in the coastal areas and around the Los Angeles area is transported inland until it
reaches the mountains where the combination of mountains and inversion layers generally prevent
further dispersion. This poor ventilation results in a gradual degradation of air quality from the coastal
areas to inland areas. Air stagnation may occur during the early evening and early morning periods of
transition between day and nighttime flows. The region also experiences periods of hot, dry winds from
the desert, known as Santa Ana winds. If the Santa Ana winds are strong, they can surpass the sea
breeze, which blows from the ocean to the land, and carry the suspended dust and pollutants out to the
ocean. If the winds are weak, they are opposed by the sea breeze and cause stagnation, resulting in high
pollution events.
The annual average temperature varies little throughout much of the basin, ranging from the low to
middle 60s, measured in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). With more pronounced oceanic influence, coastal
areas show less variability in annual minimum and maximum temperatures than inland areas where the
Project site is located. The majority of the annual rainfall in the basin occurs between November and
April. Summer rainfall is minimal and is generally limited to scattered thunderstorms in the coastal
regions and slightly heavier showers in the eastern portion of the basin along the coastal side of the
mountains. Year-to-year patterns in rainfall are unpredictable because of fluctuations in the weather.
Temperature inversions limit the vertical depth through which pollution can be mixed. Among the most
common temperature inversions in the basin are radiation inversions, which form on clear winter nights
when cold air off mountains sink to the valley floor while the air aloft over the valley remains warm.
These inversions, in conjunction with calm winds, trap pollutants near the source. Other types of
temperature inversions that affect the basin include marine, subsidence, and high-pressure inversions.
Summers are often periods of hazy visibility and occasionally unhealthful air. Strong temperature
inversions may occur that limit the vertical depth through which air pollution can be dispersed. Air
pollutants concentrate because they cannot rise through the inversion layer and disperse. These
inversions are more common and persistent during the summer months. Over time, sunlight produces
photochemical reactions within this inversion layer that creates ozone, a particularly harmful air
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
38
pollutant. Occasionally, strong thermal convections occur which allows the air pollutants to rise high
enough to pass over the mountains and ultimately dilute the smog cloudtrap pollutants such as
automobile exhaust near their source. While these inversions may lead to air pollution “hot spots” in
heavily developed coastal areas of the basin, there is not enough traffic in inland valleys to cause any
winter air pollution problems. Despite light wind conditions, especially at night and in the early morning,
winter is generally a period of good air quality in the Project vicinity.
In the winter, light nocturnal winds result mainly from the drainage of cool air off of the mountains
toward the valley floor while the air aloft over the valley remains warm. This forms a type of inversion
known as a radiation inversion. Such winds are characterized by stagnation and poor local mixing and
trap pollutants such as automobile exhaust near their source. While these inversions may lead to air
pollution “hot spots” in heavily developed coastal areas of the basin, there is not enough traffic to cause
any winter air pollution problems. Despite light wind conditions, especially at night and in the early
morning, winter is generally a period of good air quality in the Project vicinity.
The temperature and precipitation levels for the City of San Bernardino, the closest monitoring station
to the Project site with available meteorological data, are in Table 3. Table 3 shows that July is typically
the warmest month and January is typically the coolest month. Rainfall in the Project area varies
considerably in both time and space. Almost all the annual rainfall comes from the fringes of mid-latitude
storms from late November to early April, with summers being almost completely dry.
Table 3: Meteorological Summary
Month Temperature (˚F) Average Precipitation
(inches) Average High Average Low
January 66.2 39.4 3.10
February 68.1 41.6 3.45
March 70.5 43.7 2.72
April 75.9 47.2 1.28
May 81.1 51.6 0.38
June 88.6 55.5 0.09
July 96.6 60.4 0.04
August 96.5 61.0 0.16
September 92.4 57.7 0.34
October 83.4 51.3 0.64
November 74.4 43.4 1.39
December 67.7 39.4 2.49
Annual Average 80.1 49.3 16.1
Notes:
1 Source: https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca9847
3.1.2 Local Air Quality
The SCAQMD is divided into 38 air-monitoring areas with a designated ambient air monitoring station
representative of each area. The Project site is located in the City of Fontana in the Central San
Bernardino Valley (Area 34). The nearest air monitoring station to the Project site with available air
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
39
quality data is the Fontana-Arrow Highway Station (Fontana Station) located approximately 1.85 miles
west of the Project site; however, this location does not provide all ambient weather data. Therefore,
additional data was pulled from the SCAQMD historical data for the Central San Bernardino Valley (Area
34) for both sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide to provide the existing levels. Table 4 presents the
monitored pollutant levels within the vicinity. However, it should be noted that due to the air monitoring
station distance from the Project site, recorded air pollution levels at the air monitoring station reflect
with varying degrees of accuracy, local air quality conditions at the Project site.
Table 4: Local Area Air Quality Levels from Local Monitoring Stations
Year
Pollutant (Standard)2 2019 2020 2021
Ozone:
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm) 0.124 0.151 0.125
Days > CAAQS (0.09 ppm) 41 56 44
Maximum 8-Hour Concentration (ppm) 0.109 0.111 0.103
Days > NAAQS (0.07 ppm) 67 89 81
Days > CAAQS (0.070 ppm) 71 91 83
Carbon Monoxide:
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm) 2.7 1.7 2.0
Days > NAAQS (20 ppm) 0 0 0
Maximum 8-Hour Concentration (ppm) 1.0 1.2 1.6
Days > NAAQS (9 ppm) 0 0 0
Nitrogen Dioxide:
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm) 0.076 0.066 0.067
Days > NAAQS (0.25 ppm) 0 0 0
Sulfur Dioxide:
Maximum 1-Hour Concentration (ppm)3 0.002 0.003 0.005
Days > CAAQS (0.04 ppm)3 0 0 0
Inhalable Particulates (PM10):
Maximum 24-Hour Concentration (ug/m3) 88.8 76.8 73.8
Days > NAAQS (150 ug/m3) 0 0 0
Days > CAAQS (50 ug/m3) 3 11 6 3
Annual Average (ug/m3) 35.3 37.2 30.1
Annual > NAAQS (50 ug/m3) No No No
Annual > CAAQS (20 ug/m3) Yes Yes Yes
Ultra-Fine Particulates (PM2.5):
Maximum 24-Hour Concentration (ug/m3) 81.3 57.6 55.1
Days > NAAQS (35 ug/m3) 3 3 4 2
Annual Average (ug/m3) 3 11.3 12.7 12.0
Annual > NAAQS (15 ug/m3) 3 No No No
Annual > CAAQS (12 ug/m3) 3 No Yes Yes
1. Source: obtained from https://www.aqmd.gov/home/air-quality/air-quality-data-studies/historical-data-by-year and /or
https://www.arb.ca.gov/adam/topfour/topfour1.php
2 CAAQS = California Ambient Air Quality Standard; NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standard; ppm = parts per million
3 No data available.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
40
The monitoring data presented in Table 4 shows that ozone and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
are the air pollutants of primary concern in the Project area, which are detailed below.
Ozone
During the 2019 to 2021 monitoring period, the State 1-hour concentration standard for ozone has been
exceeded between 41 and 56 days each year at the Fontana Station. The State 8-hour concentration
standard for ozone has been exceeded between 71 and 91 days each year over the past three years at
the Fontana Station. The Federal 8-hour concentration standard for ozone has been exceeded between
67 and 89 days each year over the past three years at the Fontana Station.
Ozone is a secondary pollutant as it is not directly emitted. Ozone is the result of chemical reactions
between other pollutants, most importantly hydrocarbons and NO2, which occur only in the presence of
bright sunlight. Pollutants emitted from upwind cities react during transport downwind to produce the
oxidant concentrations experienced in the area. Many areas of the SCAQMD contribute to the ozone
levels experienced at the monitoring station, with the more significant areas being those directly upwind.
Carbon Monoxide
CO is another important pollutant that is due mainly to motor vehicles. The Central San Bernardino
Valley Area did not record an exceedance of the state or federal 1-hour or 8-hour CO standards for the
last three years.
Nitrogen Dioxide
The Fontana Station did not record an exceedance of the State or Federal NO2 standards for the last
three years.
Sulfur Dioxide
The Central San Bernardino Valley area did not record an exceedance of the State SO2 standards for the
last three years.
Particulate Matter
During the 2019 to 2021 monitoring period, the Fontana Station recorded between 3 and 11 days of
exceedance of the State 24-hour concentration standard for PM10. Over the same time period the
Federal 24-hour standard for PM10 was not exceeded at the Fontana Station.
During the 2019 to 2021 monitoring period, the Federal 24-hour standard for PM2.5 was exceeded
between 2 and 4 days annually at the Fontana Station.
According to the EPA, some people are much more sensitive than others to breathing fine particles
(PM10 and PM2.5). People with influenza, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and the
elderly may suffer worsening illness and premature death due to breathing these fine particles. People
with bronchitis can expect aggravated symptoms from breathing in fine particles. Children may
experience decline in lung function due to breathing in PM10 and PM2.5. Other groups considered
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
41
sensitive are smokers and people who cannot breathe well through their noses. Exercising athletes are
also considered sensitive because many breathe through their mouths during exercise.
3.1.3 Attainment Status
The EPA and CARB designate air basins where ambient air quality standards are exceeded as
“nonattainment” areas. If standards are met, the area is designated as an “attainment” area. If there is
inadequate or inconclusive data to make a definitive attainment designation, they are considered
“unclassified.” National nonattainment areas are further designated as marginal, moderate, serious,
severe, or extreme as a function of deviation from standards. Each standard has a different definition,
or ‘form’ of what constitutes attainment, based on specific air quality statistics. For example, the Federal
8-hour CO standard is not to be exceeded more than once per year; therefore, an area is in attainment
of the CO standard if no more than one 8-hour ambient air monitoring values exceeds the threshold per
year. In contrast, the federal annual PM2.5 standard is met if the three-year average of the annual
average PM2.5 concentration is less than or equal to the standard. Table 5 lists the attainment status
for the criteria pollutants in the basin.
Table 5: South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status
Pollutant Standard1 Averaging Time Designation2 Attainment Date3
1-Hour Ozone
NAAQS 1979 1-Hour
(0.12 ppm) Nonattainment (Extreme) 2/6/2023
(not attained)4
CAAQS 1-Hour
(0.09 ppm) Nonattainment N/A
8-Hour Ozone5
NAAQS 1997 8-Hour
(0.08 ppm) Nonattainment (Extreme) 6/15/2024
NAAQS 2008 8-Hour
(0.075 ppm) Nonattainment (Extreme) 7/20/2032
NAAQS 2015 8-Hour
(0.070 ppm) Nonattainment (Extreme) 8/3/2038
CAAQS 8-Hour
(0.070 ppm) Nonattainment Beyond 2032
CO NAAQS 1-Hour (35 ppm) Attainment (Maintenance) 6/11/2007 (attained)
CAAQS 8-Hour (9 ppm) Attainment 6/11/2007 (attained)
NO2 6
NAAQS 1-Hour (0.1 ppm) Unclassifiable/Attainment N/A (attained)
NAAQS Annual (0.053 ppm) Attainment (Maintenance) 9/22/1998 (attained)
CAAQS 1-hour (0.18 ppm)
Annual (0.030 ppm) Attainment -
SO27
NAAQS 1-Hour (75 ppb) Designations Pending
(expect Uncl./Attainment) N/A (attained)
NAAQS 24-Hour (0.14 ppm)
Annual (0.03 ppm) Unclassifiable/Attainment 3/19/1979 (attained)
PM10
NAAQS 1987 24-Hour
(150 µg/m3) Attainment (Maintenance)8 7/26/2013 (attained)
CAAQS 24-Hour (50 µg/m3)
Annual (20 µg/m3) Nonattainment N/A
PM2.5 9 NAAQS 2006 24-Hour
(35 µg/m3) Nonattainment (Serious) 12/31/2019
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
42
NAAQS 1997 Annual
(15.0 µg/m3) Attainment 8/24/2016
NAAQS 2021 Annual
(12.0 µg/m3) Nonattainment (Serious) 12/31/2025
CAAQS Annual
(12.0 µg/m3) Nonattainment N/A
Lead NAAQS 3-Months Rolling
(0.15 µg/m3)
Nonattainment
(Partial)10 12/31/2015
Notes:
Source: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/clean-air-plans/air-quality-management-plans/naaqs-caaqs-feb2016.pdf
1 NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standards, CAAQS = California Ambient Air Quality Standards
2 U.S. EPA often only declares Nonattainment areas; everywhere else is listed as Unclassifiable/Attainment or
Unclassifiable.
3 A design value below the NAAQS for data through the full year or smog season prior to the attainment date is typically
required for attainment demonstration.
4 1-hour O3 standard (0.12 ppm) was revoked, effective June 15, 2005; however, the Basin has not attained this standard
based on 2008-2010 data and is still subject to anti-backsliding requirements.
5 1997 8-hour O3 standard (0.08 ppm) was reduced (0.075 ppm), effective May 27, 2008; the revoked 1997 O3 standard is
still subject to anti-backsliding requirements.
6 New NO2 1-hour standard, effective August 2, 2010; attainment designations January 20, 2012; annual NO2 standard
retained.
7 The 1971 annual and 24-hour SO2 standards were revoked, effective August 23, 2010; however, these 1971 standards will
remain in effect until one year after U.S. EPA promulgates area designations for the 2010 SO2 1-hour standard. Area
designations are still pending, with Basin expected to be designated Unclassifiable /Attainment.
8 Annual PM10 standard was revoked, effective December 18, 2006; 24-hour PM10 NAAQS deadline was 12/31/2006;
SCAQMD request for attainment redesignation and PM10 maintenance plan was approved by U.S. EPA on June 26,
2013, effective July 26, 2013.
9 Attainment deadline for the 2006 24-Hour PM2.5 NAAQS (designation effective December 14, 2009) is December 31,
2019 (end of the 10th calendar year after effective date of designations for Serious nonattainment areas). Annual PM2.5
standard was revised on January 15, 2013, effective March 18, 2013, from 15 to 12 µg/m3. Designations effective April
15, 2015, so Serious area attainment deadline is December 31, 2025.
10 Partial Nonattainment designation – Los Angeles County portion of Basin only for near-source monitors. Expect
redesignation to attainment based on current monitoring data.
3.2 Greenhouse Gases
Constituent gases of the Earth’s atmosphere, called atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG), play a critical
role in the Earth’s radiation amount by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface,
which otherwise would have escaped to space. Prominent greenhouse gases contributing to this process
include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone, water vapor, nitrous oxide (N2O), and
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). This phenomenon, known as the Greenhouse Effect, is responsible for
maintaining a habitable climate. Anthropogenic (caused or produced by humans) emissions of these
greenhouse gases in excess of natural ambient concentrations are responsible for the enhancement of
the Greenhouse Effect and have led to a trend of unnatural warming of the Earth’s natural climate,
known as global warming or climate change. Emissions of gases that induce global warming are
attributable to human activities associated with industrial/manufacturing, agriculture, utilities,
transportation, and residential land uses. Transportation is responsible for 41 percent of the State’s
greenhouse gas emissions, followed by electricity generation. Emissions of CO2 and nitrous oxide (NO2)
are byproducts of fossil fuel combustion. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, results from off-gassing
associated with agricultural practices and landfills. Sinks of CO2, where CO2 is stored outside of the
atmosphere, include uptake by vegetation and dissolution into the ocean. Table 6 provides a description
of each of the greenhouse gases and their global warming potential.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
43
Additional information is available: https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/data.htm
Table 6: Description of Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gas Description and Physical Properties Sources
Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide (N20),also known as laughing gas is a
colorless gas. It has a lifetime of 114 years. Its global
warming potential is 298.
Microbial processes in soil and water,
fuel combustion, and industrial
processes. In addition to agricultural
sources, some industrial processes
(nylon production, nitric acid
production) also emit N20.
Methane
Methane (CH4) is a flammable gas and is the main
component of natural gas. It has a lifetime of 12 years.
Its global warming potential is 25.
A natural source of CH4 is from the
decay of organic matter. Methane is
extracted from geological deposits
(natural gas fields). Other sources are
from the decay of organic material in
landfills, fermentation of manure, and
cattle farming.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an odorless, colorless, natural
greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide’s global warming
potential is 1. The concentration in 2005 was 379 parts
per million (ppm), which is an increase of about 1.4
ppm per year since 1960.
Natural sources include decomposition
of dead organic matter; respiration of
bacteria, plants, animals, and fungus;
evaporation from oceans; and volcanic
outgassing. Anthropogenic sources are
from burning coal, oil, natural gas, and
wood.
Chlorofluorocarbons
CFCs are nontoxic, nonflammable, insoluble, and
chemically unreactive in the troposphere (the level of
air at the earth’s surface). They are gases formed
synthetically by replacing all hydrogen atoms in
methane or methane with chlorine and/or fluorine
atoms. Global warming potentials range from 3,800 to
8,100.
Chlorofluorocarbons were synthesized
in 1928 for use as refrigerants, aerosol
propellants, and cleaning solvents. They
destroy stratospheric ozone, therefore
their production was stopped as
required by the Montreal Protocol.
Hydrofluorocarbons
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are a group of greenhouse
gases containing carbon, chlorine, and at least one
hydrogen atom. Global warming potentials range from
140 to 11,700.
Hydrofluorocarbons are synthetic
manmade chemicals used as a
substitute for chlorofluorocarbons in
applications such as automobile air
conditioners and refrigerants.
Perfluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have stable molecular
structures and only break down by ultraviolet rays
about 60 kilometers above the Earth’s surface. They
have a lifetime 10,000 to 50,000 years. They have a
global warming potential range of 6,200 to 9,500.
Two main sources of perfluorocarbons
are primary aluminum production and
semiconductor manufacturing.
Sulfur
hexafluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an inorganic, odorless,
colorless, and nontoxic, nonflammable gas. It has a
lifetime of 3,200 years. It has a high global warming
potential, 23,900.
This gas is manmade and used for
insulation in electric power
transmission equipment, in the
magnesium industry, in semiconductor
manufacturing, and as a tracer gas for
leak detection.
Notes:
1. Sources: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014a and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014b.
https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2-10-2.html
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
44
3.3 Energy
3.3.1 Overview
California’s estimated annual energy use as of 2019 included:
• Approximately 277,704 gigawatt hours of electricity; 8
• Approximately 2,136,907 million cubic feet of natural gas per year (for the year 2018)9;and
• Approximately 23.2 billion gallons of transportation fuel (for the year 2015)10.
As of 2019, the year of most recent data currently available by the United States Energy Information
Administration (EIA), energy use in California by demand sector was:
• Approximately 39.3 percent transportation;
• Approximately 23.2 percent industrial;
• Approximately 18.7 percent residential; and
• Approximately 18.9 percent commercial.11
California’s electricity in-state generation system generates approximately 200,475 gigawatt-hours each
year. In 2019, California produced approximately 72 percent of the electricity it uses; the rest was
imported from the Pacific Northwest (approximately 9 percent) and the U.S. Southwest (approximately
19 percent). Natural gas is the main source for electricity generation at approximately 42.97 percent of
the total in-state electric generation system power as shown in Table 7.
<Table 7, next page>
8California Energy Commission. Energy Almanac. Total Electric Generation. [Online] 2020.
https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/california-electricity-data/2019-total-system-electric-generation.
9Natural Gas Consumption by End Use. U.S. Energy Information Administration. [Online] August 31,
20020.https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_cons_sum_dcu_SCA_a.htm.
10California Energy Commission. Revised Transportation Energy Demand Forecast 2018-2030. [Online] April 19, 2018.
https://www.energy.ca.gov/assessments/
11U.S. Energy Information Administration. California Energy Consumption by by End-Use Sector.
California State Profile and Energy Estimates.[Online] January 16, 2020 https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=CA#tabs-2
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
45
Table 7: Total Electricity System Power (California 2019)
Fuel Type
California
In-State
Generation
(GWh)
Percent of
California
In-State
Generation
Northwest
Imports
(GWh)
Southwest
Imports
(GWh)
Total
Imports
(GWh)
Percent
of
Imports
California
Power
Mix
(GWh)
Percent
California
Power
Mix
Coal 248 0.12% 219 7,765 7,985 10.34% 8,233 2.96%
Natural Gas 86,136 42.97% 62 8,859 8,921 11.55% 95,057 34.23%
Nuclear 16,163 8.06% 39 8,743 8,782 11.37% 24,945 8.98%
Oil 36 0.02% 0 0 0 0.00% 36 0.01%
Other (Petroleum
Coke/Waste
Heat)
411 0.20% 0 11 11 0.01% 422 0.15%
Large Hydro 33,145 16.53% 6,387 1,071 7,458 9.66% 40,603 14.62%
Unspecified
Sources of Power
0 0.00% 6,609 13,767 20,376 26.38% 20,376 7.34%
Renewables 64,336 32.09% 10,615 13,081 23,696 30.68% 88,032 31.70%
Biomass 5,851 2.92% 903 33 936 1.21% 6,787 2.44%
Geothermal 10,943 5.46% 99 2,218 2,318 3.00% 13,260 4.77%
Somall Hydro 5,349 2.67% 292 4 296 0.38% 5,646 2.03%
Solar 28,513 14.22% 282 5,295 5,577 7.22% 34,090 12.28%
Wind 13,680 6.82% 9,038 5,531 14,569 18.87% 28,249 10.17%
Total 200,475 100.00% 23,930 53,299 77,229 100.00% 277,704 100.00%
Notes:
1 Source: California Energy Commission. 2019 Total System electric Generation. https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/california-
electricity-data/2019-total-system-electric-generation
A summary of and context for energy consumption and energy demands within the State is presented
in “U.S. Energy Information Administration, California State Profile and Energy Estimates, Quick Facts”
excerpted below:
• California was the seventh-largest producer of crude oil among the 50 states in 2018, and, as of
January 2019, it ranked third in oil refining capacity.
• California is the largest consumer of jet fuel among the 50 states and accounted for one-fifth of
the nation’s jet fuel consumption in 2018.
• California’s total energy consumption is the second-highest in the nation, but, in 2018, the State’s
per capita energy consumption ranked the fourth-lowest, due in part to its mild climate and its
energy efficiency programs.
• In 2018, California ranked first in the nation as a producer of electricity from solar, geothermal,
and biomass resources and fourth in the nation in conventional hydroelectric power generation.
• In 2018, large- and small-scale solar PV and solar thermal installations provided 19% of
California’s net electricity generation12.
12 State Profile and Energy Estimates. Independent Statistics and Analysis. [Online] [Cited: January 16, 2020.] http://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=CA#tabs2.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
46
As indicated above, California is one of the nation’s leading energy‐producing states, and California per
capita energy use is among the nation’s most efficient. Given the nature of the proposed project, the
remainder of this discussion will focus on the three sources of energy that are most relevant to the
project—namely, electricity and natural gas for building uses, and transportation fuel for vehicle trips
associated with the proposed project.
3.3.2 Electricity and Natural Gas
Electricity would be provided to the project by Southern California Edison (SCE). SCE provides electric
power to more than 15 million persons, within a service area encompassing approximately 50,000
square miles.13 SCE derives electricity from varied energy resources including: fossil fuels, hydroelectric
generators, nuclear power plants, geothermal power plants, solar power generation, and wind farms.
SCE also purchases from independent power producers and utilities, including out‐of‐state suppliers.14
Table 2 identifies SCE’s specific proportional shares of electricity sources in 2019.
Table 8: SCE 2019 Power Content Mix
Energy Resources 2019 SDG&E Power Mix
Eligible Renewable1 31.7%
Biomass & Biowaste 2.4%
Geothermal 4.8%
Eligible Hydroelectric 2.0%
Solar 12.3%
Wind 10.2%
Coal 3.0%
Large Hydroelectric 14.6%
Natural Gas 34.2%
Nuclear 9.0%
Other 0.2%
Unspecified Sources of
power2 7.3%
Total 100%
Notes:
Source: 'https://www.energy.ca.gov/filebrowser/download/3265
(1) The eligible renewable percentage above does not reflect RPS compliance, which is determined using a
different methodology.
13 https://www.sce.com/about-us/who-we-are/leadership/our-service-territory
14 California Energy Commission. Utility Energy Supply plans from 2015. https://www.energy.ca.gov/almanac/electricity_data/supply_forms.html
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
47
(2) Unspecified sources of power means electricity from transactions that are not traceable to specific
generation sources.
Natural gas would be provided to the project by Southern California Gas (SoCalGas). The following
summary of natural gas resources and service providers, delivery systems, and associated regulation is
excerpted from information provided by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC).
The CPUC regulates natural gas utility service for approximately 11 million customers that receive natural
gas from Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), Southern California Gas (SoCalGas), San Diego Gas & Electric
(SDG&E), Southwest Gas, and several smaller investor-owned natural gas utilities. The CPUC also
regulates independent storage operators Lodi Gas Storage, Wild Goose Storage, Central Valley
Storage and Gill Ranch Storage.
The vast majority of California's natural gas customers are residential and small commercial customers,
referred to as "core" customers. Larger volume gas customers, like electric generators and industrial
customers, are called "noncore" customers. Although very small in number relative to core customers,
noncore customers consume about 65% of the natural gas delivered by the state's natural gas utilities,
while core customers consume about 35%.
The PUC regulates the California utilities' natural gas rates and natural gas services, including in-state
transportation over the utilities' transmission and distribution pipeline systems, storage, procurement,
metering and billing.
Most of the natural gas used in California comes from out-of-state natural gas basins. In 2017, for
example, California utility customers received 38% of their natural gas supply from basins located in the
U.S. Southwest, 27% from Canada, 27% from the U.S. Rocky Mountain area, and 8% from production
located in California.”15
3.3.3 Transportation Energy Resources
The project would attract additional vehicle trips with resulting consumption of energy resources,
predominantly gasoline and diesel fuel. Gasoline (and other vehicle fuels) are commercially‐provided
commodities and would be available to the project patrons and employees via commercial outlets.
The most recent data available shows the transportation sector emits 40 percent of the total greenhouse
gases in the state and about 84 percent of smog-forming oxides of nitrogen (NOx).16,17 About 28 percent
of total United States energy consumption in 2019 was for transporting people and goods from one place
to another. In 2019, petroleum comprised about 91 percent of all transportation energy use, excluding
15California Public Utilities Commission. Natural Gas and California. http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/natural_gas/
16 CARB. California Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory – 2020 Edition. https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/data.htm
17 CARB. 2016 SIP Emission Projection Data. https://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/2017/emseic1_query.php?F_DIV=-
4&F_YR=2012&F_SEASON=A&SP=SIP105ADJ&F_AREA=CA
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Setting
48
fuel consumed for aviation and most marine vessels.18 In 2020, about 123.49 billion gallons (or about
2.94 billion barrels) of finished motor gasoline were consumed in the United States, an average of about
337 million gallons (or about 8.03 million barrels) per day.19
18 US Energy Information Administration. Use of Energy in the United States Explained: Energy Use for Transportation.
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/?page=us_energy_transportation
19 https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=23&t=10
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Modeling Parameters and Assumptions
49
4.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions
4.1 Construction
Typical emission rates from construction activities were obtained from CalEEMod Version 2022.1.1.13
CalEEMod is a computer model published by the SCAQMD for estimating air pollutant emissions. The
CalEEMod program uses the EMFAC2017 computer program to calculate the emission rates specific for
the southwestern portion of San Bernardino County for construction-related employee vehicle trips and
the OFFROAD2011 computer program to calculate emission rates for heavy truck operations.
EMFAC2017 and OFFROAD2011 are computer programs generated by CARB that calculates composite
emission rates for vehicles. Emission rates are reported by the program in grams per trip and grams per
mile or grams per running hour. Using CalEEMod, the peak daily air pollutant emissions were calculated
and presented below. These emissions represent the highest level of emissions for each of the
construction phases in terms of air pollutant emissions.
The analysis assesses the emissions associated with the construction of the proposed Project as indicated
in Table 1. Construction is anticipated to begin April 2024 and end June 2025. The phases of the
construction activities which have been analyzed below are: 1) site preparation, 2) grading, 3) building,
4) paving, and 5) architectural coating. For details on construction modeling and construction equipment
for each phase, please see Appendix A.
The Project will be required to comply with existing SCAQMD rules for the reduction of fugitive dust
emissions. SCAQMD Rule 403 establishes these procedures. Compliance with this rule is achieved
through application of standard best management practices in construction and operation activities,
such as application of water or chemical stabilizers to disturbed soils, managing haul road dust by
application of water, covering haul vehicles, restricting vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 15 mph,
sweeping loose dirt from paved site access roadways, cessation of construction activity when winds
exceed 25 mph and establishing a permanent, stabilizing ground cover on finished sites. In addition,
projects that disturb 50 acres or more of soil or move 5,000 cubic yards of materials per day are required
to submit a Fugitive Dust Control Plan or a Large Operation Notification Form to SCAQMD. Based on the
size of the Project area (approximately 7 acres) and the fact that the Project won’t export more than
5,000 cubic yards of material a day a Fugitive Dust Control Plan or Large Operation Notification would
not be required.
SCAQMD’s Rule 403 minimum requirements require that the application of the best available dust
control measures are used for all grading operations and include the application of water or other soil
stabilizers in sufficient quantity to prevent the generation of visible dust plumes. Compliance with Rule
403 would require the use of water trucks during all phases where earth moving operations would occur.
Compliance with Rule 403 is required. Compliance is shown in the CalEEMod model as application of
water three times daily, which is included in the model as a mitigation measure.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Modeling Parameters and Assumptions
50
4.2 Operations
Operational or long-term emissions occur over the life of the Project. Both mobile and area sources
generate operational emissions. Area source emissions arise from consumer product usage, heaters that
consume natural gas, gasoline-powered landscape equipment, and architectural coatings (painting).
Mobile source emissions from motor vehicles are the largest single long-term source of air pollutants
from the operation of the Project. Small amounts of emissions would also occur from area sources such
as the consumption of natural gas for heating, from landscaping emissions, and consumer product usage.
The operational emissions were estimated using the latest version of CalEEMod.
Mobile Sources
Mobile sources include emissions from the additional vehicle miles generated from the proposed
Project. The vehicle trips associated with the proposed Project are based upon the trip generation rates
give in the Project-specific trip generation analysis (LLG, 2023) which uses the ITE Trip Generation
Manual 11th Edition. The trip generation analysis shows a net trip generation rate of 390 trips per day
for the proposed Project.
The program then applies the emission factors for each trip which is provided by the EMFAC2017 model
to determine the vehicular traffic pollutant emissions. The CalEEMod default trip lengths were used in
this analysis. Please see CalEEMod output comments sections in Appendix A for details.
Area Sources
Area sources include emissions from consumer products, landscape equipment and architectural
coatings. Landscape maintenance includes fuel combustion emissions from equipment such as lawn
mowers, rototillers, shredders/grinders, blowers, trimmers, chain saws, and hedge trimmers, as well as
air compressors, generators, and pumps. As specifics were not known about the landscaping equipment
fleet, CalEEMod defaults were used to estimate emissions from landscaping equipment.
Per SCAQMD Rule 1113 as amended on June 3, 2011, the architectural coatings that would be applied
after January 1, 2014 will be limited to an average of 50 grams per liter or less for buildings and 100
grams per liter or less for parking lot striping. No changes were made to the CalEEMod architectural
coating default values.
Per AB 341, at least 75 percent of generated waste will be source reduced, recycled, or composted. This
is shown in the CalEEMod model as a mitigation measure; however, it is required.
Energy Usage
2022.1.1.13 CalEEMod defaults were utilized.
4.3 Localized Construction Analysis
The SCAQMD has published a “Fact Sheet for Applying CalEEMod to Localized Significance Thresholds”
(South Coast Air Quality Management District 2011b). CalEEMod calculates construction emissions
based on the number of equipment hours and the maximum daily disturbance activity possible for each
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Modeling Parameters and Assumptions
51
piece of equipment. In order to compare CalEEMod reported emissions against the localized significance
threshold lookup tables, the CEQA document should contain in its project design features or its
mitigation measures the following parameters:
1. The off-road equipment list (including type of equipment, horsepower, and hours of operation)
assumed for the day of construction activity with maximum emissions.
2. The maximum number of acres disturbed on the peak day.
3. Any emission control devices added onto off-road equipment.
4. Specific dust suppression techniques used on the day of construction activity with maximum
emissions.
The construction equipment showing the equipment associated with the maximum area of disturbance
is shown in Table 9.
Table 9: Construction Equipment Assumptions1
Activity Equipment Number Acres/8hr-day Total Acres
Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers 2 0.5 1.0
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 0.5 1.0
Total Per Phase 2.0
Grading
Graders 1 0.5 0.5
Rubber Tired Dozers 1 0.5 0.5
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 0.5 1.5
Total Per Phase 2.5
Notes:
1. Source: South Coast AQMD, Fact Sheet for Applying CalEEMod to Localized Significance Thresholds. http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/ceqa/handbook/localized-significance-thresholds/caleemod-guidance.pdf?sfvrsn=2
As shown in Table 9, the maximum number of acres disturbed in a day would be 2.5 acres during site
preparation and grading.
The local air quality emissions from construction were analyzed using the SCAQMD’s Mass Rate Localized
Significant Threshold Look-up Tables and the methodology described in Localized Significance Threshold
Methodology, prepared by SCAQMD, revised July 2008. The Look-up Tables were developed by the
SCAQMD in order to readily determine if the daily emissions of CO, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 from the
proposed Project could result in a significant impact to the local air quality. The emission thresholds
were based on the Central San Bernardino Valley source receptor area (SRA 34) and a disturbance of 2
acres per day at a distance of 25 meters (82 feet).
4.4 Localized Operational Analysis
For operational emissions, the screening tables for a disturbance area of 2 acres per day and a distance
of 25 meters were used to determine significance. The tables were compared to the Project’s onsite
operational emissions.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Thresholds of Significance
52
5.0 Thresholds of Significance
5.1 Air Quality Thresholds of Significance
5.1.1 CEQA Guidelines for Air Quality
The CEQA Guidelines define a significant effect on the environment as “a substantial, or potentially
substantial, adverse change in the environment.” To determine if a project would have a significant
impact on air quality, the type, level, and impact of emissions generated by the project must be
evaluated.
The following air quality significance thresholds are contained in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. A
significant impact would occur if the project would:
a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan;
b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project
region is nonattainment under an applicable national or state ambient air quality standard;
c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations; or
d) Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number
of people.
While the final determination of whether a project is significant is within the purview of the Lead Agency
pursuant to Section 15064(b) of the CEQA Guidelines, SCAQMD recommends that its quantitative air
pollution thresholds be used to determine the significance of project emissions. If the Lead Agency finds
that the project has the potential to exceed these air pollution thresholds, the project should be
considered to have significant air quality impacts. There are daily emission thresholds for construction
and operation of a proposed project in the basin.
5.1.2 Regional Significance Thresholds for Construction Emissions
The following CEQA significance thresholds for construction emissions are established for the Basin:
• 75 pounds per day (lbs/day) of VOC
• 100 lbs/day of NOx
• 550 lbs/day of CO
• 150 lbs/day of PM10
• 55 lbs/day of PM2.5
• 150 lbs/day of SO2
Projects in the basin with construction-related emissions that exceed any of the emission thresholds are
considered to be significant under SCAQMD guidelines.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Thresholds of Significance
53
5.1.3 Regional Significance Thresholds for Operational Emissions
The daily operational emissions significance thresholds for the basin are as follows:
• 55 pounds per day (lbs/day) of VOC
• 55 lbs/day of NOx
• 550 lbs/day of CO
• 150 lbs/day of PM10
• 55 lbs/day of PM2.5
• 150 lbs/day of SO2
Local Microscale Concentration Standards The significance of localized project impacts under CEQA
depends on whether ambient CO levels in the vicinity of the project are above or below State and federal
CO standards. If ambient levels are below the standards, a project is considered to have a significant
impact if project emissions result in an exceedance of one or more of these standards. If ambient levels
already exceed a State or federal standard, project emissions are considered significant if they increase
1-hour CO concentrations by 1.0 ppm or more or 8-hour CO concentrations by 0.45 ppm or more. The
following are applicable local emission concentration standards for CO:
• California State 1-hour CO standard of 20.0 ppm
• California State 8-hour CO standard of 9.0 ppm
5.1.4 Thresholds for Localized Significance
Project-related construction air emissions may have the potential to exceed the State and Federal air
quality standards in the project vicinity, even though these pollutant emissions may not be significant
enough to create a regional impact to the South Coast Air Basin. In order to assess local air quality
impacts the SCAQMD has developed Localized Significant Thresholds (LSTs) to assess the project-related
air emissions in the project vicinity. The SCAQMD has also provided Final Localized Significant Threshold
Methodology (LST Methodology), June 2003, which details the methodology to analyze local air emission
impacts. The Localized Significant Threshold Methodology found that the primary emissions of concern
are NO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5.
The emission thresholds were calculated based on the Southwestern San Bernardino Valley source
receptor area (SRA 33) and a disturbance of 2 acres per day at a distance of 25 meters (82 feet), for
construction.
5.2 Greenhouse Gas Thresholds of Significance
5.2.1 CEQA Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas
CEQA Guidelines define a significant effect on the environment as “a substantial, or potentially
substantial, adverse change in the environment.” To determine if a project would have a significant
impact on greenhouse gases, the type, level, and impact of emissions generated by the project must be
evaluated.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Thresholds of Significance
54
The following greenhouse gas significance thresholds are contained in Appendix G
of the CEQA Guidelines, which were amendments adopted into the Guidelines on March 18, 2010,
pursuant to SB 97. A significant impact would occur if the project would:
(a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact
on the environment; or
(b) Conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of
reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases.
However, despite this, currently neither the CEQA statutes, OPR guidelines, nor the draft proposed
changes to the CEQA Guidelines prescribe thresholds of significance or a particular methodology for
performing an impact analysis; as with most environmental topics, significance criteria are left to the
judgment and discretion of the Lead Agency. As previously discussed (Section 2.2.4 of this report),
SCAQMD has drafted interim thresholds. The screening threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year for all land
uses was used in this analysis.
5.3 Toxic Air Contaminants
The threshold for toxic air contaminants (TACs) has a maximum incremental cancer risk of 10 per million
and a non-cancer (acute and chronic) hazard index of 1.0 or greater. An exceedance to these values
would be considered a significant impact.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Air Quality Emissions Impact
55
6.0 Air Quality Emissions Impact
6.1 Construction Air Quality Emissions Impact
The latest version of CalEEMod was used to estimate the onsite and offsite construction emissions. The
emissions incorporate Rule 402 and 403. Rule 402 and 403 (fugitive dust) are not considered mitigation
measures as the Project by default is required to incorporate these rules during construction.
6.1.1 Regional Construction Emissions
The construction emissions for the Project would not exceed the SCAQMD’s daily emission thresholds at
the regional level as demonstrated in Table 10, and therefore would be considered less than significant.
Table 10: Regional Significance - Construction Emissions (pounds/day)
Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)
Activity VOC NOx CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Site Preparation
On-Site2 2.35 23.20 20.70 0.03 6.14 3.58
Off-Site3 0.05 0.05 0.85 0.00 0.13 0.03
Total 2.40 23.25 21.55 0.03 6.27 3.61
Grading
On-Site2 1.90 18.20 18.80 0.03 3.60 2.11
Off-Site3 0.08 0.07 1.27 0.00 0.20 0.05
Total 1.98 18.27 20.07 0.03 3.80 2.16
Building Construction
On-Site2 1.20 11.20 13.10 0.02 0.50 0.46
Off-Site3 0.58 1.22 9.45 0.00 1.55 0.38
Total 1.78 12.42 22.55 0.02 2.05 0.84
Paving
On-Site2 0.93 7.45 9.98 0.01 0.35 0.32
Off-Site3 0.07 0.24 1.26 0.00 0.25 0.06
Total 1.00 7.69 11.24 0.01 0.60 0.38
Architectural Coating
On-Site2 13.23 0.88 1.14 0.00 0.03 0.03
Off-Site3 0.10 0.10 1.68 0.00 0.28 0.07
Total 13.33 0.98 2.82 0.00 0.31 0.10
Total of overlapping phases4 16.11 21.09 36.61 0.03 2.96 1.32
SCAQMD Thresholds 75 100 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Thresholds No No No No No No
Notes:
1 Source: CalEEMod Version 2022.1.1.13
2 On-site emissions from equipment operated on-site that is not operated on public roads
3 Off-site emissions from equipment operated on public roads.
4 Construction, architectural coatings and paving phases may overlap.
2 On-site emissions from equipment operated on-site that is not operated on public roads
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Air Quality Emissions Impact
56
6.1.2 Localized Construction Emissions
The data provided in Table 11 shows that none of the analyzed criteria pollutants would exceed the local
emissions thresholds at the nearest sensitive receptors. Therefore, a less than significant local air quality
impact would occur from construction of the proposed Project.
Table 11: Localized Significance – Construction
Phase
On-Site Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)1
NOx CO PM10 PM2.5
Site Preparation 23.20 20.70 6.14 3.58
Grading 18.20 18.80 3.60 2.11
Building Construction 11.20 13.10 0.50 0.46
Paving 7.45 9.98 0.35 0.32
Architectural Coating 0.88 1.14 0.03 0.03
Total of overlapping phases 19.53 24.22 0.88 0.81
SCAQMD Threshold for 25 meters (82 feet) or less2 170 972 7 4
Exceeds Threshold? No No No No
Notes:
1 Source: Calculated from CalEEMod and SCAQMD’s Mass Rate Look-up Tables for two acres, to be conservative, in Central San Bernardino Valley Source
Receptor Area (SRA 34). Project will disturb a maximum of 2.5 acres per day (see Table 9).
2 The nearest sensitive receptor is located 25 meters to the southeast of the property line; therefore, the 25-meter threshold has been used.
6.1.3 Construction-Related Human Health Impacts
Regarding health effects related to criteria pollutant emissions, the applicable significance thresholds
are established for regional compliance with the state and federal ambient air quality standards, which
are intended to protect public health from both acute and long-term health impacts, depending on the
potential effects of the pollutant. Because regional and local emissions of criteria pollutants during
construction of the Project would be below the applicable thresholds, it would not contribute to long-
term health impacts related to nonattainment of the ambient air quality standards. Therefore, significant
adverse acute health impacts as a result of Project construction are not anticipated.
6.1.4 Construction-Related Toxic Air Contaminant Impact
The greatest potential for toxic air contaminant emissions would be related to diesel particulate
emissions associated with heavy equipment operations during construction of the proposed Project. The
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has issued the Air Toxic Hot Spots Program
Risk Assessment Guidelines and Guidance Manual for the Preparation of Health Risk Assessments,
February 2015 to provide a description of the algorithms, recommended exposure variates, cancer and
noncancer health values, and the air modeling protocols needed to perform a health risk assessment
(HRA) under the Air Toxics Hot Spots Information and Assessment Act of 1987. Hazard identification
includes identifying all substances that are evaluated for cancer risk and/or non-cancer acute, 8-hour,
and chronic health impacts. In addition, identifying any multi-pathway substances that present a cancer
risk or chronic non-cancer hazard via non-inhalation routes of exposure.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Air Quality Emissions Impact
57
Given the relatively limited number of heavy-duty construction equipment and construction schedule,
the proposed Project would not result in a long-term substantial source of toxic air containment
emissions and corresponding individual cancer risk. Furthermore, construction-based particulate matter
(PM) emissions (including diesel exhaust emissions) do not exceed any local or regional thresholds.
Therefore, no significant short-term toxic air contaminant impacts would occur during construction of
the proposed Project.
6.2 Operational Air Quality Emissions Impact
6.2.1 Regional Operational Emissions
The operations-related criteria air quality impacts created by the proposed Project have been analyzed
through the use of CalEEMod model. The operating emissions were based on year 2024, which is the
anticipated opening year for the Project. The summer and winter emissions created by the proposed
Project’s long-term operations were calculated and the highest emissions from either summer or winter
are summarized in Table 12.
Table 12: Regional Significance - Unmitigated Operational Emissions (lbs/day)
Activity
Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)1
VOC NOx CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Area Sources2 1.71 0.08 8.48 0.00 0.00 0.00
Energy Usage3 0.02 0.42 0.18 0.00 0.03 0.03
Mobile Sources4 1.62 1.51 13.00 0.03 0.97 0.19
Total Emissions 3.35 2.01 21.66 0.03 1.00 0.22
SCAQMD Thresholds 55 55 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Threshold? No No No No No No
Notes:
1 Source: CalEEMod Version 2022.1.1.13
2 Area sources consist of emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment.
3 Energy usage consists of emissions from on-site natural gas usage.
4 Mobile sources consist of emissions from vehicles and road dust.
Table 12 provides the Project's unmitigated operational emissions. Table 12 shows that the Project does
not exceed the SCAQMD daily emission threshold and regional operational emissions are considered to
be less than significant.
6.2.2 Localized Operational Emissions
Table 13 shows the calculated emissions for the proposed operational activities compared with
appropriate LSTs. The LST analysis only includes on-site sources; however, the CalEEMod software
outputs do not separate on-site and off-site emissions for mobile sources. For a worst-case scenario
assessment, the emissions shown in Table 13 include all on-site Project-related stationary sources and
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Air Quality Emissions Impact
58
10% of the Project-related new mobile sources.20 This percentage is an estimate of the amount of
Project-related new vehicle traffic that will occur on-site.
Table 13: Localized Significance - Unmitigated Operational Emissions
On-Site Emission Source
On-Site Pollutant Emissions (pounds/day)1
NOx CO PM10 PM2.5
Area Sources2 0.08 8.48 0.00 0.00
Energy Usage3 0.42 0.18 0.03 0.03
On-Site Vehicle Emissions4 0.15 1.30 0.10 0.02
Total Emissions 0.65 9.96 0.13 0.05
SCAQMD Threshold for 50 meters (164 feet)5 170 972 2 1
Exceeds Threshold? No No No No
Notes:
1 Source: Calculated from CalEEMod and SCAQMD’s Mass Rate Look-up Tables for two acres in Central San Bernardino Valley Source Receptor Area (SRA
34). Project will disturb a maximum of 2.5 acres per day (see Table 9).
2 Area sources consist of emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment.
3 Energy usage consists of emissions from generation of electricity and on-site natural gas usage.
4 On-site vehicular emissions based on 1/10 of the gross vehicular emissions and road dust.
5 The nearest sensitive receptor is located 25 meters to the southeast of the property line; therefore, the 25-meter threshold has been used.
6.2.3 Operations-Related Human Health Impacts
As stated previously, regarding health effects related to criteria pollutant emissions, the applicable
significance thresholds are established for regional compliance with the state and federal ambient air
quality standards, which are intended to protect public health from both acute and long-term health
impacts, depending on the potential effects of the pollutant. Because regional and local emissions of
criteria pollutants during operation of the Project would be below the applicable thresholds, it would
not contribute to long-term health impacts related to nonattainment of the ambient air quality
standards. Therefore, significant adverse acute health impacts as a result of Project operation are not
anticipated.
6.3 CO Hot Spot Emissions
CO is the pollutant of major concern along roadways because the most notable source of CO is motor
vehicles. For this reason, CO concentrations are usually indicative of the local air quality generated by a
roadway network and are used as an indicator of potential local air quality impacts. Local air quality
impacts can be assessed by comparing future without and with Project CO levels to the State and Federal
CO standards which were presented in above in Section 5.0.
20 The project site is approximately 0.2 miles in length at its longest point; therefore the on-site mobile source emissions represent approximately 1/53rd of
the shortest CalEEMod default distance of 6.9 miles. Therefore, to be conservative, 1/34th the distance (dividing the mobile source emissions by 10) was
used to represent the portion of the overall mobile source emissions that would occur on-site.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Air Quality Emissions Impact
59
To determine if the proposed Project could cause emission levels in excess of the CO standards discussed
above in Section 5.0, a sensitivity analysis is typically conducted to determine the potential for CO “hot
spots” at a number of intersections in the general Project vicinity. Because of reduced speeds and vehicle
queuing, “hot spots” potentially can occur at high traffic volume intersections with a Level of Service E
or worse.
Micro-scale air quality emissions have traditionally been analyzed in environmental documents where
the air basin was a non-attainment area for CO. However, the SCAQMD has demonstrated in the CO
attainment redesignation request to EPA that there are no “hot spots” anywhere in the air basin, even
at intersections with much higher volumes, much worse congestion, and much higher background CO
levels than anywhere in San Bernardino County. If the worst-case intersections in the air basin have no
“hot spot” potential, any local impacts will be below thresholds.
The Project-specific trip generation analysis showed that the Project is only anticipated to generate 390
daily vehicle trips (LLG). The 1992 Federal Attainment Plan for Carbon Monoxide (1992 CO Plan) showed
that an intersection which has a daily traffic volume of approximately 100,000 vehicles per day would
not violate the CO standard. The volume of traffic at Project buildout would be well below 100,000
vehicles and below the necessary volume to even get close to causing a violation of the CO standard.
Therefore, no CO “hot spot” modeling was performed and no significant long-term air quality impact is
anticipated to local air quality with the on-going use of the proposed Project.
6.4 Odors
Potential sources that may emit odors during construction activities include the application of materials
such as asphalt pavement. The objectionable odors that may be produced during the construction
process are of short-term in nature and the odor emissions are expected cease upon the drying or
hardening of the odor producing materials. Diesel exhaust and VOCs would be emitted during
construction of the Project, which are objectionable to some; however, emissions would disperse rapidly
from the Project site and therefore should not reach an objectionable level at the nearest sensitive
receptors. Due to the short-term nature and limited amounts of odor producing materials being utilized,
no significant impact related to odors would occur during construction of the proposed Project.
The SCAQMD recommends that odor impacts be addressed in a qualitative manner. Such an analysis
shall determine whether the Project would result in excessive nuisance odors, as defined under the
California Code of Regulations and Section 41700 of the California Health and Safety Code, and thus
would constitute a public nuisance related to air quality.
Potential sources that may emit odors during the on-going operations of the proposed Project would
include odor emissions from vehicles and trash storage areas. Due to the distance of the nearest
receptors from the Project site and through compliance with SCAQMD’s Rule 402 no significant impact
related to odors would occur during the on-going operations of the proposed Project.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Air Quality Emissions Impact
60
6.5 Cumulative Regional Air Quality Impacts
Cumulative projects include local development as well as general growth within the project area.
However, as with most development, the greatest source of emissions is from mobile sources, which
travel well out of the local area. Therefore, from an air quality standpoint, the cumulative analysis would
extend beyond any local projects and when wind patterns are considered, would cover an even larger
area. Accordingly, the cumulative analysis for the Project’s air quality must be generic by nature.
The Project area is out of attainment for both ozone and PM10 particulate matter. Construction and
operation of cumulative projects will further degrade the local air quality, as well as the air quality of the
South Coast Air Basin. The greatest cumulative impact on the quality of regional air cell will be the
incremental addition of pollutants mainly from increased traffic from residential, commercial, and
industrial development and the use of heavy equipment and trucks associated with the construction of
these projects. Air quality will be temporarily degraded during construction activities that occur
separately or simultaneously. However, in accordance with the SCAQMD methodology, projects that do
not exceed the SCAQMD criteria or can be mitigated to less than criteria levels are not significant and do
not add to the overall cumulative impact. The Project does not exceed any of the thresholds of
significance and therefore is considered less than significant.
6.6 Air Quality Compliance
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires a discussion of any inconsistencies between a
proposed project and applicable General Plans and Regional Plans (CEQA Guidelines Section 15125). The
regional plan that applies to the proposed Project includes the SCAQMD Air Quality Management Plan
(AQMP). Therefore, this section discusses any potential inconsistencies of the proposed Project with the
AQMP.
The purpose of this discussion is to set forth the issues regarding consistency with the assumptions and
objectives of the AQMP and discuss whether the proposed Project would interfere with the region’s
ability to comply with Federal and State air quality standards. If the decision-makers determine that the
proposed Project is inconsistent, the lead agency may consider Project modifications or inclusion of
mitigation to eliminate the inconsistency.
The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook states that "New or amended General Plan Elements (including land use
zoning and density amendments), Specific Plans, and significant projects must be analyzed for
consistency with the AQMP." Strict consistency with all aspects of the plan is usually not required. A
proposed Project should be considered to be consistent with the AQMP if it furthers one or more policies
and does not obstruct other policies. The SCAQMD CEQA Handbook identifies two key indicators of
consistency:
(1) Whether the Project will result in an increase in the frequency or severity of existing air
quality violations or cause or contribute to new violations or delay timely attainment of
air quality standards or the interim emission reductions specified in the AQMP.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Air Quality Emissions Impact
61
(2) Whether the Project will exceed the assumptions in the AQMP in 2016 or increments
based on the year of Project buildout and phase.
Both of these criteria are evaluated in the following sections.
A. Criterion 1 - Increase in the Frequency or Severity of Violations?
Based on the air quality modeling analysis contained in this Air Analysis in Section 6, neither short-term
construction impacts, nor long-term operations will result in significant impacts based on the SCAQMD
regional and local thresholds of significance.
Therefore, the proposed Project is not projected to contribute to the exceedance of any air pollutant
concentration standards and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the first criterion.
B. Criterion 2 - Exceed Assumptions in the AQMP?
Consistency with the AQMP assumptions is determined by performing an analysis of the proposed
Project with the assumptions in the AQMP. The emphasis of this criterion is to ensure that the analyses
conducted for the proposed Project are based on the same forecasts as the AQMP. The 2016-2040
Regional Transportation/Sustainable Communities Strategy, prepared by SCAG, 2016, includes chapters
on: the challenges in a changing region, creating a plan for our future, and the road to greater mobility
and sustainable growth. These chapters currently respond directly to federal and state requirements
placed on SCAG. Local governments are required to use these as the basis of their plans for purposes of
consistency with applicable regional plans under CEQA. For this Project, the City of Fontana General Plan
defines the assumptions that are represented in the AQMP.
The City of Fontana Zoning map classifies the land use designation of the site as Open Space. The
proposed project would be rezoned from Open Space to Light Industrial as well as adding an Emergency
Shelter Overlay District. Therefore, it is not anticipated that the Project would exceed the AQMP
assumptions for the Project site and is found to be consistent with the AQMP for the second criterion.
Based on the above, the proposed Project will not result in an inconsistency with the SCAQMD AQMP.
Therefore, a less than significant impact will occur.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis
62
7.0 Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis
7.1 Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact
The greenhouse gas emissions from Project construction equipment and worker vehicles are shown in
Table 14. The emissions are from all phases of construction. The total construction emissions amortized
over a period of 30 years are estimated at 18 metric tons of CO2e per year. Annual CalEEMod output
calculations are provided in Appendix A.
Table 14: Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Activity Emissions (MTCO2e)1
2024 348.00
2025 192.00
Total 540.00
Averaged over 30 years2 18.00
Notes:
1. MTCO2e=metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (includes
carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide).
2. The emissions are averaged over 30 years because the average is
added to the operational emissions, pursuant to SCAQMD.
* CalEEMod output (Appendix A)
7.2 Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact
Operational emissions occur over the life of the Project. The operational emissions for the Project are
829.37 metric tons of CO2e per year (see Table 15). Furthermore, as shown in Table 15, the Project’s
total emissions (with incorporation of construction related GHG emissions) would be 910.37 metric tons
of CO2e per year. These emissions do not exceed the County of San Bernardino CAP and SCAQMD
screening threshold of 3,000 metric tons of CO2e per year. Therefore, the Project's GHG emissions are
considered to be less than significant.
Table 15: Opening Year Unmitigated Project-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Category
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Metric Tons/Year)1
Bio-CO2 NonBio-CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Area Sources2 0.00 2.58 2.58 0.00 0.00 2.59
Energy Usage3 0.00 253.00 253.00 0.02 0.00 254.00
Mobile Sources4 0.00 465.00 465.00 0.03 0.02 474.00
Solid Waste5 40.40 0.00 40.40 4.04 0.00 141.00
Water6 1.98 12.10 14.08 0.20 0.00 20.70
Refrigerants 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08
Construction7 0.00 17.83 17.83 0.00 0.00 18.00
Total Emissions 42.38 750.51 792.89 4.29 0.02 910.37
SCAQMD Draft and San Bernardino County Screening Threshold 3,000
Exceeds Threshold? No
Notes:
1 Source: CalEEMod Version 2022.1.1.13
2 Area sources consist of GHG emissions from consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscape equipment.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis
63
3 Energy usage consist of GHG emissions from electricity and natural gas usage.
4 Mobile sources consist of GHG emissions from vehicles.
5 Solid waste includes the CO2 and CH4 emissions created from the solid waste placed in landfills.
6 Water includes GHG emissions from electricity used for transport of water and processing of wastewater.
7 Construction GHG emissions based on a 30-year amortization rate.
7.3 Greenhouse Gas Plan Consistency
The proposed Project would have the potential to conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation
of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases.
According to the County of San Bernardino Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan, "all development
projects, including those otherwise determined to be exempt from CEQA will be subject to applicable
Development Code provisions, including the GHG performance standards, and state requirements, such
as the California Building Code requirements for energy efficiency. With the application of the GHG
performance standards, projects that are exempt from CEQA and small projects that do not exceed 3,000
MTCO2e per year will be considered to be consistent with the Plan and determined to have a less than
significant individual and cumulative impact for GHG emissions." The Project’s operational GHG
emissions do not exceed the County's screening threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year. Therefore, the
proposed Project is consistent with the GHG Plan pursuant to Section 15183.5 of the State CEQA
Guidelines. The Project will not result in substantial emissions of greenhouse gases and will not conflict
with the County of San Bernardino CAP or the goals of AB‐32 or SB‐32.
7.4 Cumulative Regional Greenhouse Gas Impacts
Cumulative projects include local development as well as general growth within the project area.
However, as with most development, the greatest source of emissions is from mobile sources, which
travel well out of the local area. Therefore, from a greenhouse gas standpoint, the cumulative analysis
would extend beyond any local projects and when wind patterns are considered, would cover an even
larger area. Accordingly, the cumulative analysis for the Project’s greenhouse gas impacts must be
generic by nature.
Construction and operation of cumulative projects will add to greenhouse gas emissions. The greatest
cumulative impact will be the incremental addition of pollutants mainly from increased traffic from
residential, commercial, and industrial development and the use of heavy equipment and trucks
associated with the construction of these projects. Greenhouse gas emissions will temporarily increase
during construction activities that occur separately or simultaneously. However, in accordance with the
SCAQMD methodology, projects that do not exceed the SCAQMD criteria or can be mitigated to less than
criteria levels are not significant and do not add to the overall cumulative impact. The Project does not
exceed any of the thresholds of significance and therefore is considered less than significant.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA References
64
8.0 Energy Analysis
Information from the CalEEMod 2022.1.1.13 Daily and Annual Outputs contained in the air quality and
greenhouse gas analyses above was utilized for this analysis. The CalEEMod outputs detail Project related
construction equipment, transportation energy demands, and facility energy demands.
8.1 Construction Energy Demand
8.1.1 Construction Equipment Electricity Usage Estimates
Electrical service will be provided by Southern California Edison (SCE). Based on the 2017 National
Construction Estimator, Richard Pray (2017)21, the typical power cost per 1,000 square feet of building
construction per month is estimated to be $2.32. The Project plans to develop the site with 40,000
square feet of new homelessness prevention resources and care center over the course of approximately
15 months. Based on Table 16, the total power cost of the on-site electricity usage during the
construction of the proposed Project is estimated to be approximately $1,392. As shown in Table 16, the
total electricity usage from Project construction related activities is estimated to be approximately
25,309 kWh.22
Table 16: Project Construction Power Cost and Electricity Usage
Power Cost (per 1,000 square
foot of building per month of
construction)
Total Building
Size (1,000
Square Foot)1
Construction
Duration
(months)
Total Project
Construction
Power Cost
$2.32 40 15 $1,392.00
Cost per kWh
Total Project Construction
Electricity Usage (kWh)
$0.06 25,309
* Assumes the Project will be under the GS-1 General Service rate under SCE.
8.1.2 Construction Equipment Fuel Estimates
Using the CalEEMod data input, the Project’s construction phase would consume electricity and fossil
fuels as a single energy demand, that is, once construction is completed their use would cease. CARB’s
2017 Emissions Factors Tables show that on average aggregate fuel consumption (gasoline and diesel
21 Pray, Richard. 2017 National Construction Estimator. Carlsbad: Craftsman Book Company, 2017.
22 LADWP’s Small Commercial & Multi-Family Service (A-1) is approximately $0.06 per kWh of electricity Southern California Edison
(SCE). Rates & Pricing Choices: General Service/Industrial Rates. https://library.sce.com/content/dam/sce -
doclib/public/regulatory/historical/electric/2020/schedules/general-service-&-industrial-rates/ELECTRIC_SCHEDULES_GS-1_2020.pdf
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA References
65
fuel) would be approximately 18.5 hp-hr-gal.23 As presented in Table 17 below, Project construction
activities would consume an estimated 27,603 gallons of diesel fuel.
Table 17: Construction Equipment Fuel Consumption Estimates
Phase
Number
of Days Offroad Equipment Type Amount
Usage
Hours
Horse
Power
Load
Factor
HP
hrs/
day
Total Fuel
Consumption
(gal diesel
fuel)1
Site
Preparation
20 Rubber Tired Dozers 2 8 367 0.41 2,408 2,603
20 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8 84 0.37 497 538
Grading
20 Excavators 1 8 36 0.38 109 118
20 Graders 1 8 148 0.41 485 525
20 Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8 367 0.4 1,174 1,270
20 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8 84 0.37 746 806
Building
Construction
230 Cranes 1 7 367 0.29 745 9,262
230 Forklifts 3 8 82 0.2 394 4,893
230 Generator Sets 1 8 14 0.74 83 1,030
230 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7 46 0.37 357 4,444
230 Welders 1 8 84 0.45 302 3,760
Paving
20 Pavers 2 8 81 0.42 544 588
20 Paving Equipment 2 8 89 0.36 513 554
20 Rollers 2 8 36 0.38 219 237
Architectural
Coating 20 Air Compressors 1 6 37 0.48 107 115
CONSTRUCTION FUEL DEMAND (gallons of diesel fuel) 27,603
Notes: 1Using Carl Moyer Guidelines Table D-21 Fuel consumption rate factors (bhp-hr/gal) for engines less than 750 hp.
(Source: https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/guidelines/2017gl/2017_gl_appendix_d.pdf)
8.1.3 Construction Worker Fuel Estimates
It is assumed that all construction worker trips are from light duty autos (LDA) along area roadways. With
respect to estimated VMT, the construction worker trips would generate an estimated 478,632 VMT.
Vehicle fuel efficiencies for construction workers were estimated in the air quality and greenhouse gas
analysis using information generated using CARB’s EMFAC model (see Appendix B for details). Table 18
shows that an estimated 15,465 gallons of fuel would be consumed for construction worker trips.
23 Aggregate fuel consumption rate for all equipment was estimated at 18.5 hp-hr/day (from CARB’s 2017 Emissions Factors Tables and
fuel consumption rate factors as shown in Table D-21 of the Moyer Guidelines:
(https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/guidelines/2017gl/2017_gl_appendix_d.pdf).
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA References
66
Table 18: Construction Worker Fuel Consumption Estimates
Phase
Number of
Days
Worker
Trips/Day
Trip Length
(miles)
Vehicle
Miles
Traveled
Average
Vehicle Fuel
Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
Site Preparation 20 10 18.5 3,700 30.95 120
Grading 20 15 18.5 5,550 30.95 179
Building Construction 230 108 18.5 459,540 30.95 14,848
Paving 20 15 18.5 5,550 30.95 179
Architectural Coating 20 21.6 18.5 7,992 30.95 258
Total Construction Worker Fuel Consumption 15,465
Notes: 1Assumptions for the worker trip length and vehicle miles traveled are consistent with CalEEMod 2022.1.1.13 defaults.
8.1.4 Construction Vendor/Hauling Fuel Estimates
Tables 19 and 20 show the estimated fuel consumption for vendor and hauling during building
construction and architectural coating. With respect to estimated VMT, the vendor and hauling trips
would generate an estimated 38,556 VMT. For the architectural coatings it is assumed that the
contractors would be responsible for bringing coatings and equipment with them in their light duty
vehicles.24 Tables 19 and 20 show that an estimated 4,182 gallons of fuel would be consumed for vendor
and hauling trips.
Table 19: Construction Vendor Fuel Consumption Estimates (MHD Trucks)1
Phase
Number of
Days
Vendor
Trips/Day
Trip Length
(miles)
Vehicle
Miles
Traveled
Average
Vehicle Fuel
Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
Site Preparation 20 0 10.2 0 9.22 0
Grading 20 0 10.2 0 9.22 0
Building Construction 230 16 10.2 37,536 9.22 4,071
Paving 20 5 10.2 1,020 9.22 111
Architectural Coating 20 0 10.2 0 9.22 0
Total Vendor Fuel Consumption 4,182
Notes: 1 Assumptions for the vendor trip length and vehicle miles traveled are consistent with CalEEMod 2022.1.1.13 defaults.
24 Vendors delivering construction material or hauling debris from the site during grading would use medium to heavy duty vehicles
with an average fuel consumption of 9.22 mpg for medium heavy-duty trucks and 6.74 mpg for heavy heavy-duty trucks (see Appendix
B for details).
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA References
67
Table 20: Construction Hauling Fuel Consumption Estimates (HHD Trucks)1
Phase
Number of
Days
Hauling
Trips/Day
Trip Length
(miles)
Vehicle
Miles
Traveled
Average
Vehicle Fuel
Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
Site Preparation 20 0.0 20 0 6.74 0
Grading 20 0.0 20 0 6.74 0
Building Construction 230 0 20 0 6.74 0
Paving 20 0 20 0 6.74 0
Architectural Coating 20 0 20 0 6.74 0
Total Construction Hauling Fuel Consumption 0
Notes: 1Assumptions for the hauling trip length and vehicle miles traveled are consistent with CalEEMod 2022.1.1.13 defaults.
8.1.5 Construction Energy Efficiency/Conservation Measures
Construction equipment used over the approximately 15-month construction phase would conform to
CARB regulations and California emissions standards and is evidence of related fuel efficiencies. In
addition, the CARB Airborne Toxic Control Measure limits idling times of construction vehicles to no more
than five minutes, thereby minimizing unnecessary and wasteful consumption of fuel due to
unproductive idling of construction equipment. Furthermore, the Project has been designed in
compliance with California’s Energy Efficiency Standards and 2019 CALGreen Standards.
Construction of the proposed residential development would require the typical use of energy resources.
There are no unusual Project characteristics or construction processes that would require the use of
equipment that would be more energy intensive than is used for comparable activities; or equipment
that would not conform to current emissions standards (and related fuel efficiencies). Equipment
employed in construction of the Project would therefore not result in inefficient wasteful, or
unnecessary consumption of fuel.
8.2 Operational Energy Demand
Energy consumption in support of or related to Project operations would include transportation energy
demands (energy consumed by employee and patron vehicles accessing the Project site) and facilities
energy demands (energy consumed by building operations and site maintenance activities).
8.2.1 Transportation Fuel Consumption
The largest source of operational energy use would be vehicle operation of customers. The site is located
in a rural area. Using the CalEEMod output, it is assumed that an average trip for autos were assumed
to be 16.6 miles, light trucks were assumed to travel an average of 6.9 miles, and 3- 4-axle trucks were
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA References
68
assumed to travel an average of 8.4 miles25. To show a worst-case analysis, as the proposed Project is a
residential project, it was assumed that vehicles would operate 365 days per year. Table 21 shows the
worst-case estimated annual fuel consumption for all classes of vehicles from autos to heavy-heavy
trucks.26 Table 21 shows that an estimated 64,539 gallons of fuel would be consumed per year for the
operation of the proposed Project.
Table 21: Estimated Vehicle Operations Fuel Consumption
Vehicle Type Vehicle Mix
Number
of
Vehicles
Average
Trip
(miles)1
Daily
VMT
Average
Fuel
Economy
(mpg)
Total
Gallons
per Day
Total Annual
Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
Light Auto Automobile 218 16.6 3,614 31.82 113.58 41,456
Light Truck Automobile 23 6.9 156 27.16 5.74 2,094
Light Truck Automobile 70 6.9 480 25.6 18.75 6,842
Medium Truck Automobile 55 6.9 379 20.81 18.23 6,653
Light Heavy Truck 2-Axle Truck 11 8.4 89 13.81 6.44 2,352
Light Heavy Truck 10,000 lbs + 2-Axle Truck 3 8.4 24 14.18 1.69 619
Medium Heavy Truck 3-Axle Truck 5 8.4 40 9.58 4.12 1,506
Heavy Heavy Truck 4-Axle Truck 7 8.4 59 7.14 8.27 3,018
Total 390 -- 4,841 -- 176.82 --
Total Annual Fuel Consumption 64,539
Notes: '1 The trip generation assessment, the Project is to generate 390 total net new trips. Default CalEEMod vehicle fleet mix utilized.
1Based on the size of the site and relative location, trips were assumed to be local rather than regional.
Trip generation generated by the proposed Project are consistent with other similar residential uses of
similar scale and configuration as reflected in the trip generation analysis (LLG, 2023). That is, the
proposed Project does not propose uses or operations that would inherently result in excessive and
wasteful vehicle trips, nor associated excess and wasteful vehicle energy consumption. Therefore,
Project transportation energy consumption would not be considered inefficient, wasteful, or otherwise
unnecessary.
8.2.2 Facility Energy Demands (Electricity and Natural Gas)
The annual natural gas and electricity demands were provided per the CalEEMod output and are
provided in Table 22.
25 CalEEMod default distance for H-W (home-work) or C-W (commercial-work) is 16.6 miles; 6.9 miles for H-S (home-shop) or C-C (commercial-customer);
and 8.4 miles for H-O (home-other) or C-O (commercial-other).
26 Average fuel economy based on aggregate mileage calculated in EMFAC 2017 for opening year (2023). See Appendix B for EMFAC output.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA References
69
Table 22: Project Unmitigated Annual Operational Energy Demand Summary1
Natural Gas Demand kBTU/year
Congregate Care (Assisted Living) 1,655,577
Total 1,655,577
Electricity Demand kWh/year
Congregate Care (Assisted Living) 647,424
Parking Lot 38,159
Total 685,583
Notes: 1Taken from the CalEEMod 2022.1.1.13 annual output.
As shown in Table 22, the estimated electricity demand for the proposed Project is approximately
685,583 kWh per year. In 2021, the non-residential sector of the County of San Bernardino consumed
approximately 10,381 million kWh of electricity.27 In addition, the estimated natural gas consumption
for the proposed Project is approximately 1,655,577 kBTU per year. In 2021, the non-residential sector
of the County of San Bernardino consumed approximately 305 million therms of gas.28 Therefore, the
increase in both electricity and natural gas demand from the proposed Project is insignificant compared
to the County’s 2021 demand.
8.3 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Plan Consistency
Regarding federal transportation regulations, the Project site is located in an already developed area.
Access to/from the Project site is from existing roads. These roads are already in place so the Project
would not interfere with, nor otherwise obstruct intermodal transportation plans or projects that may
be proposed pursuant to the ISTEA because SCAG is not planning for intermodal facilities in the Project
area.
Regarding the State’s Energy Plan and compliance with Title 24 CCR energy efficiency standards, the
applicant is required to comply with the California Green Building Standard Code requirements for
energy efficient buildings and appliances as well as utility energy efficiency programs implemented by
the SCE and Southern California Gas Company.
Regarding the State’s Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards, the Project would be required to meet or
exceed the energy standards established in the California Green Building Standards Code, Title 24, Part
11 (CALGreen). CalGreen Standards require that new buildings reduce water consumption, employ
27 California Energy Commission, Electricity Consumption by County. https://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbycounty.aspx
28 California Energy Commission, Gas Consumption by County. http://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/gasbycounty.aspx
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA References
70
building commissioning to increase building system efficiencies, divert construction waste from landfills,
and install low pollutant-emitting finish materials.
8.4 Cumulative Regional Energy Impacts
Cumulative projects include local development as well as general growth within the project area.
However, as with most development, the greatest source of energy usage is from mobile sources, which
travel well out of the local area. Therefore, from an energy standpoint, the cumulative analysis would
extend beyond any local projects and when wind patterns are considered, would cover an even larger
area. Accordingly, the cumulative analysis for the Project’s energy must be generic by nature.
The greatest cumulative impact on the regional energy usage will be from increased traffic from
residential, commercial, and industrial development and the use of heavy equipment and trucks
associated with the construction of these projects. Energy usage will temporarily increase during
construction activities that occur separately or simultaneously. However, as the Project’s natural gas
and electricity usage will both be under 0.01% of the County of San Bernardino’s 2020 usage, the Project
is considered less than significant.
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA References
71
9.0 References
The following references were used in the preparing this analysis.
California Air Pollution Control Officers Association
2009 Health Risk Assessments for Proposed Land Use Projects
California Air Resources Board
2008 Resolution 08-43
2008 Recommended Approaches for Setting Interim Significance Thresholds for Greenhouse Gases
under the California Environmental Quality Act
2008 ARB Recommended Interim Risk Management Policy for Inhalation-Based Residential Cancer
Risk – Frequently Asked Questions
2008 Climate Change Scoping Plan, a framework for change.
2011 Supplement to the AB 32 Scoping Plan Functional Equivalent Document
2013 Revised Emission Factors for Gasoline Marketing Operations at California Gasoline
Dispensing Facilities
2014 First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan, Building on the Framework Pursuant to AB32,
the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. May.
2018 Historical Air Quality, Top 4 Summary
City of Fontana
2018 City of Fontana General Plan Final Environmental Impact Report, August 10.
County of San Bernardino
2007 County of San Bernardino 2007 General Plan, March 13 (amended April 24, 2014).
2011 County of San Bernardino Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan.
Governor’s Office of Planning and Research
2008 CEQA and Climate: Addressing Climate Change Through California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA) Review
2009 CEQA Guideline Sections to be Added or Amended
Homeless Prevention Resource and Care Center
Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Impact Study
City of Fontana, CA References
72
Linscott Law & Greenspan Engineers (LLG)
2023 Traffic Impact and VMT Assessment for the Proposed Homelessness Prevention Resource and
Care Center Project, City of Fontana. April 26.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
2015 Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines
South Coast Air Quality Management District
1993 CEQA Air Quality Handbook
2005 Rule 403 Fugitive Dust
2007 2007 Air Quality Management Plan
2008 Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, Revised
2011 Appendix A Calculation Details for CalEEMod
2012 Final 2012 Air Quality Management Plan
2016 Final 2016 Air Quality Management Plan
Appendix A:
CalEEMod Emission Output
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
1 / 76
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report
Table of Contents
1. Basic Project Information
1.1. Basic Project Information
1.2. Land Use Types
1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector
2. Emissions Summary
2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated
2.3. Construction Emissions by Year, Mitigated
2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
2.6. Operations Emissions by Sector, Mitigated
3. Construction Emissions Details
3.1. Site Preparation (2024) - Unmitigated
3.2. Site Preparation (2024) - Mitigated
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
2 / 76
3.3. Grading (2024) - Unmitigated
3.4. Grading (2024) - Mitigated
3.5. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated
3.6. Building Construction (2024) - Mitigated
3.7. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated
3.8. Building Construction (2025) - Mitigated
3.9. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated
3.10. Paving (2025) - Mitigated
3.11. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated
3.12. Architectural Coating (2025) - Mitigated
4. Operations Emissions Details
4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use
4.1.1. Unmitigated
4.1.2. Mitigated
4.2. Energy
4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
4.2.2. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
3 / 76
4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
4.2.4. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
4.3. Area Emissions by Source
4.3.2. Unmitigated
4.3.1. Mitigated
4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use
4.4.2. Unmitigated
4.4.1. Mitigated
4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use
4.5.2. Unmitigated
4.5.1. Mitigated
4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use
4.6.1. Unmitigated
4.6.2. Mitigated
4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
4.7.1. Unmitigated
4.7.2. Mitigated
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
4 / 76
4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type
4.8.1. Unmitigated
4.8.2. Mitigated
4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type
4.9.1. Unmitigated
4.9.2. Mitigated
4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type
4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated
4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated
4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated
4.10.4. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Mitigated
4.10.5. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Mitigated
4.10.6. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Mitigated
5. Activity Data
5.1. Construction Schedule
5.2. Off-Road Equipment
5.2.1. Unmitigated
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
5 / 76
5.2.2. Mitigated
5.3. Construction Vehicles
5.3.1. Unmitigated
5.3.2. Mitigated
5.4. Vehicles
5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
5.5. Architectural Coatings
5.6. Dust Mitigation
5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
5.7. Construction Paving
5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors
5.9. Operational Mobile Sources
5.9.1. Unmitigated
5.9.2. Mitigated
5.10. Operational Area Sources
5.10.1. Hearths
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
6 / 76
5.10.1.1. Unmitigated
5.10.1.2. Mitigated
5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
5.10.4. Landscape Equipment - Mitigated
5.11. Operational Energy Consumption
5.11.1. Unmitigated
5.11.2. Mitigated
5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption
5.12.1. Unmitigated
5.12.2. Mitigated
5.13. Operational Waste Generation
5.13.1. Unmitigated
5.13.2. Mitigated
5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment
5.14.1. Unmitigated
5.14.2. Mitigated
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
7 / 76
5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment
5.15.1. Unmitigated
5.15.2. Mitigated
5.16. Stationary Sources
5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
5.16.2. Process Boilers
5.17. User Defined
5.18. Vegetation
5.18.1. Land Use Change
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
5.18.1.2. Mitigated
5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
5.18.1.2. Mitigated
5.18.2. Sequestration
5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
5.18.2.2. Mitigated
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
8 / 76
6. Climate Risk Detailed Report
6.1. Climate Risk Summary
6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures
7. Health and Equity Details
7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores
7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
7.4. Health & Equity Measures
7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures
8. User Changes to Default Data
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
9 / 76
1. Basic Project Information
1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center
Construction Start Date 4/1/2024
Operational Year 2024
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s)2.80
Precipitation (days)6.40
Location 34.09898307596133, -117.45653511402011
County San Bernardino-South Coast
City Fontana
Air District South Coast AQMD
Air Basin South Coast
TAZ 5307
EDFZ 10
Electric Utility Southern California Edison
Gas Utility Southern California Gas
App Version 2022.1.1.13
1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft)Landscape Area (sq
ft)
Special Landscape
Area (sq ft)
Population Description
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
10 / 76
Congregate Care
(Assisted Living)
150 Dwelling Unit 6.00 40,000 0.00 —496 —
Parking Lot 65.0 Space 1.00 0.00 90,000 ———
1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector
Sector #Measure Title
Construction C-10-A Water Exposed Surfaces
Construction C-11 Limit Vehicle Speeds on Unpaved Roads
2. Emissions Summary
2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Un/Mit.ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit.13.4 23.2 22.6 0.03 1.03 13.2 14.3 0.95 6.77 7.71 —4,455 4,455 0.20 0.15 7.62 4,512
Mit.13.4 23.2 22.6 0.03 1.03 5.24 6.27 0.95 2.66 3.61 —4,455 4,455 0.20 0.15 7.62 4,512
%
Reduced
—————60%56%—61%53%———————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit.1.75 12.4 20.3 0.03 0.50 1.55 2.05 0.47 0.37 0.83 —4,326 4,326 0.20 0.15 0.20 4,375
Mit.1.75 12.4 20.3 0.03 0.50 1.55 2.05 0.47 0.37 0.83 —4,326 4,326 0.20 0.15 0.20 4,375
%
Reduced
—————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
11 / 76
—————————————————Average
Daily
(Max)
Unmit.1.16 7.19 10.4 0.01 0.30 1.73 2.04 0.28 0.71 0.98 —2,081 2,081 0.10 0.06 1.33 2,103
Mit.1.16 7.19 10.4 0.01 0.30 1.06 1.36 0.28 0.37 0.64 —2,081 2,081 0.10 0.06 1.33 2,103
%
Reduced
—————39%33%—48%35%———————
Annual
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit.0.21 1.31 1.90 < 0.005 0.06 0.32 0.37 0.05 0.13 0.18 —345 345 0.02 0.01 0.22 348
Mit.0.21 1.31 1.90 < 0.005 0.06 0.19 0.25 0.05 0.07 0.12 —345 345 0.02 0.01 0.22 348
%
Reduced
—————39%33%—48%35%———————
2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Year ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily -
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
2024 2.40 23.2 22.6 0.03 1.03 13.2 14.3 0.95 6.77 7.71 —4,455 4,455 0.20 0.15 7.62 4,512
2025 13.4 11.5 21.7 0.03 0.44 1.55 1.99 0.40 0.37 0.77 —4,414 4,414 0.20 0.15 7.04 4,470
Daily -
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
2024 1.75 12.4 20.3 0.03 0.50 1.55 2.05 0.47 0.37 0.83 —4,326 4,326 0.20 0.15 0.20 4,375
2025 1.60 11.5 19.7 0.03 0.44 1.55 1.99 0.40 0.37 0.77 —4,288 4,288 0.20 0.15 0.18 4,337
Average
Daily
—————————————————
2024 0.93 7.19 10.4 0.01 0.30 1.73 2.04 0.28 0.71 0.98 —2,081 2,081 0.10 0.06 1.33 2,103
2025 1.16 3.22 5.48 0.01 0.12 0.39 0.52 0.11 0.09 0.21 —1,145 1,145 0.05 0.04 0.78 1,158
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
12 / 76
Annual —————————————————
2024 0.17 1.31 1.90 < 0.005 0.06 0.32 0.37 0.05 0.13 0.18 —345 345 0.02 0.01 0.22 348
2025 0.21 0.59 1.00 < 0.005 0.02 0.07 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.04 —190 190 0.01 0.01 0.13 192
2.3. Construction Emissions by Year, Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Year ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily -
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
2024 2.40 23.2 22.6 0.03 1.03 5.24 6.27 0.95 2.66 3.61 —4,455 4,455 0.20 0.15 7.62 4,512
2025 13.4 11.5 21.7 0.03 0.44 1.55 1.99 0.40 0.37 0.77 —4,414 4,414 0.20 0.15 7.04 4,470
Daily -
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
2024 1.75 12.4 20.3 0.03 0.50 1.55 2.05 0.47 0.37 0.83 —4,326 4,326 0.20 0.15 0.20 4,375
2025 1.60 11.5 19.7 0.03 0.44 1.55 1.99 0.40 0.37 0.77 —4,288 4,288 0.20 0.15 0.18 4,337
Average
Daily
—————————————————
2024 0.93 7.19 10.4 0.01 0.30 1.06 1.36 0.28 0.37 0.64 —2,081 2,081 0.10 0.06 1.33 2,103
2025 1.16 3.22 5.48 0.01 0.12 0.39 0.52 0.11 0.09 0.21 —1,145 1,145 0.05 0.04 0.78 1,158
Annual —————————————————
2024 0.17 1.31 1.90 < 0.005 0.06 0.19 0.25 0.05 0.07 0.12 —345 345 0.02 0.01 0.22 348
2025 0.21 0.59 1.00 < 0.005 0.02 0.07 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.04 —190 190 0.01 0.01 0.13 192
2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Un/Mit.ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
13 / 76
—————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Unmit.3.36 1.90 21.6 0.03 0.06 0.95 1.00 0.06 0.17 0.23 256 4,595 4,851 25.9 0.18 12.3 5,563
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit.2.45 1.92 11.1 0.03 0.05 0.95 1.00 0.05 0.17 0.22 256 4,385 4,641 25.9 0.18 0.81 5,344
Average
Daily
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit.2.97 2.01 17.4 0.03 0.06 0.95 1.00 0.06 0.17 0.22 256 4,430 4,686 25.9 0.18 5.59 5,394
Annual
(Max)
—————————————————
Unmit.0.54 0.37 3.17 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.18 0.01 0.03 0.04 42.4 733 776 4.29 0.03 0.93 893
2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Sector ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Mobile 1.62 1.40 13.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,969 2,969 0.15 0.14 11.8 3,026
Area 1.71 0.08 8.48 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —22.8 22.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 —22.8
Energy 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —1,530 1,530 0.11 0.01 —1,535
Water ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Waste ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Refrig.———————————————0.51 0.51
Total 3.36 1.90 21.6 0.03 0.06 0.95 1.00 0.06 0.17 0.23 256 4,595 4,851 25.9 0.18 12.3 5,563
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
14 / 76
—————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Mobile 1.50 1.51 11.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,782 2,782 0.16 0.14 0.31 2,829
Area 0.93 ————————————————
Energy 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —1,530 1,530 0.11 0.01 —1,535
Water ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Waste ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Refrig.———————————————0.51 0.51
Total 2.45 1.92 11.1 0.03 0.05 0.95 1.00 0.05 0.17 0.22 256 4,385 4,641 25.9 0.18 0.81 5,344
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Mobile 1.48 1.53 11.4 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,811 2,811 0.16 0.15 5.08 2,864
Area 1.46 0.06 5.81 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —15.6 15.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 —15.6
Energy 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —1,530 1,530 0.11 0.01 —1,535
Water ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Waste ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Refrig.———————————————0.51 0.51
Total 2.97 2.01 17.4 0.03 0.06 0.95 1.00 0.06 0.17 0.22 256 4,430 4,686 25.9 0.18 5.59 5,394
Annual —————————————————
Mobile 0.27 0.28 2.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.17 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 —465 465 0.03 0.02 0.84 474
Area 0.27 0.01 1.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —2.58 2.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 —2.59
Energy < 0.005 0.08 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —253 253 0.02 < 0.005 —254
Water ——————————1.98 12.1 14.1 0.20 < 0.005 —20.7
Waste ——————————40.4 0.00 40.4 4.04 0.00 —141
Refrig.———————————————0.08 0.08
Total 0.54 0.37 3.17 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.18 0.01 0.03 0.04 42.4 733 776 4.29 0.03 0.93 893
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
15 / 76
2.6. Operations Emissions by Sector, Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Sector ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Mobile 1.62 1.40 13.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,969 2,969 0.15 0.14 11.8 3,026
Area 1.71 0.08 8.48 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —22.8 22.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 —22.8
Energy 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —1,530 1,530 0.11 0.01 —1,535
Water ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Waste ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Refrig.———————————————0.51 0.51
Total 3.36 1.90 21.6 0.03 0.06 0.95 1.00 0.06 0.17 0.23 256 4,595 4,851 25.9 0.18 12.3 5,563
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Mobile 1.50 1.51 11.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,782 2,782 0.16 0.14 0.31 2,829
Area 0.93 ————————————————
Energy 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —1,530 1,530 0.11 0.01 —1,535
Water ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Waste ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Refrig.———————————————0.51 0.51
Total 2.45 1.92 11.1 0.03 0.05 0.95 1.00 0.05 0.17 0.22 256 4,385 4,641 25.9 0.18 0.81 5,344
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Mobile 1.48 1.53 11.4 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,811 2,811 0.16 0.15 5.08 2,864
Area 1.46 0.06 5.81 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —15.6 15.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 —15.6
Energy 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —1,530 1,530 0.11 0.01 —1,535
Water ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
16 / 76
Waste ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Refrig.———————————————0.51 0.51
Total 2.97 2.01 17.4 0.03 0.06 0.95 1.00 0.06 0.17 0.22 256 4,430 4,686 25.9 0.18 5.59 5,394
Annual —————————————————
Mobile 0.27 0.28 2.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.17 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 —465 465 0.03 0.02 0.84 474
Area 0.27 0.01 1.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —2.58 2.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 —2.59
Energy < 0.005 0.08 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —253 253 0.02 < 0.005 —254
Water ——————————1.98 12.1 14.1 0.20 < 0.005 —20.7
Waste ——————————40.4 0.00 40.4 4.04 0.00 —141
Refrig.———————————————0.08 0.08
Total 0.54 0.37 3.17 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.18 0.01 0.03 0.04 42.4 733 776 4.29 0.03 0.93 893
3. Construction Emissions Details
3.1. Site Preparation (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
2.35 23.2 20.7 0.03 1.03 —1.03 0.95 —0.95 —3,337 3,337 0.14 0.03 —3,348
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————13.1 13.1 —6.73 6.73 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
17 / 76
—————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.13 1.27 1.13 < 0.005 0.06 —0.06 0.05 —0.05 —183 183 0.01 < 0.005 —183
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0.72 0.72 —0.37 0.37 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.02 0.23 0.21 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —30.3 30.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 —30.4
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0.13 0.13 —0.07 0.07 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.05 0.05 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.03 —144 144 0.01 < 0.005 0.58 146
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
18 / 76
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —7.33 7.33 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 7.44
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.21 1.21 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.23
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.2. Site Preparation (2024) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
2.35 23.2 20.7 0.03 1.03 —1.03 0.95 —0.95 —3,337 3,337 0.14 0.03 —3,348
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————5.11 5.11 —2.63 2.63 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.13 1.27 1.13 < 0.005 0.06 —0.06 0.05 —0.05 —183 183 0.01 < 0.005 —183
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
19 / 76
———————0.140.14—0.280.28—————Dust
From
Material
Movement
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.02 0.23 0.21 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —30.3 30.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 —30.4
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0.05 0.05 —0.03 0.03 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.05 0.05 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.03 —144 144 0.01 < 0.005 0.58 146
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —7.33 7.33 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 7.44
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.21 1.21 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.23
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
20 / 76
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.3. Grading (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.90 18.2 18.8 0.03 0.84 —0.84 0.77 —0.77 —2,958 2,958 0.12 0.02 —2,969
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————7.08 7.08 —3.42 3.42 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.10 1.00 1.03 < 0.005 0.05 —0.05 0.04 —0.04 —162 162 0.01 < 0.005 —163
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0.39 0.39 —0.19 0.19 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.02 0.18 0.19 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —26.8 26.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 —26.9
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
21 / 76
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0.07 0.07 —0.03 0.03 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.08 0.07 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.05 —216 216 0.01 0.01 0.86 219
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —11.0 11.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 11.2
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.82 1.82 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.85
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.4. Grading (2024) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
22 / 76
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.90 18.2 18.8 0.03 0.84 —0.84 0.77 —0.77 —2,958 2,958 0.12 0.02 —2,969
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————2.76 2.76 —1.34 1.34 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.10 1.00 1.03 < 0.005 0.05 —0.05 0.04 —0.04 —162 162 0.01 < 0.005 —163
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0.15 0.15 —0.07 0.07 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.02 0.18 0.19 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —26.8 26.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 —26.9
Dust
From
Material
Movement
—————0.03 0.03 —0.01 0.01 ———————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
23 / 76
—————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Worker 0.08 0.07 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.05 —216 216 0.01 0.01 0.86 219
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —11.0 11.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 11.2
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.82 1.82 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.85
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.5. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.20 11.2 13.1 0.02 0.50 —0.50 0.46 —0.46 —2,398 2,398 0.10 0.02 —2,406
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
24 / 76
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.20 11.2 13.1 0.02 0.50 —0.50 0.46 —0.46 —2,398 2,398 0.10 0.02 —2,406
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.48 4.44 5.18 0.01 0.20 —0.20 0.18 —0.18 —948 948 0.04 0.01 —951
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.09 0.81 0.95 < 0.005 0.04 —0.04 0.03 —0.03 —157 157 0.01 < 0.005 —157
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.57 0.52 9.14 0.00 0.00 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.33 0.33 —1,555 1,555 0.07 0.05 6.22 1,579
Vendor 0.01 0.58 0.31 < 0.005 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.04 0.05 —503 503 0.04 0.07 1.40 527
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.53 0.62 6.90 0.00 0.00 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.33 0.33 —1,425 1,425 0.07 0.05 0.16 1,443
Vendor 0.01 0.60 0.31 < 0.005 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.04 0.05 —503 503 0.04 0.07 0.04 526
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
25 / 76
Worker 0.21 0.24 2.87 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.56 0.00 0.13 0.13 —571 571 0.03 0.02 1.06 579
Vendor 0.01 0.24 0.12 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.06 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 —199 199 0.02 0.03 0.24 208
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker 0.04 0.04 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.02 —94.6 94.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.18 95.9
Vendor < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 —32.9 32.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 34.5
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.6. Building Construction (2024) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.20 11.2 13.1 0.02 0.50 —0.50 0.46 —0.46 —2,398 2,398 0.10 0.02 —2,406
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.20 11.2 13.1 0.02 0.50 —0.50 0.46 —0.46 —2,398 2,398 0.10 0.02 —2,406
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.48 4.44 5.18 0.01 0.20 —0.20 0.18 —0.18 —948 948 0.04 0.01 —951
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
26 / 76
0.000.000.000.000.000.00—0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Onsite
truck
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.09 0.81 0.95 < 0.005 0.04 —0.04 0.03 —0.03 —157 157 0.01 < 0.005 —157
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.57 0.52 9.14 0.00 0.00 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.33 0.33 —1,555 1,555 0.07 0.05 6.22 1,579
Vendor 0.01 0.58 0.31 < 0.005 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.04 0.05 —503 503 0.04 0.07 1.40 527
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.53 0.62 6.90 0.00 0.00 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.33 0.33 —1,425 1,425 0.07 0.05 0.16 1,443
Vendor 0.01 0.60 0.31 < 0.005 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.04 0.05 —503 503 0.04 0.07 0.04 526
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.21 0.24 2.87 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.56 0.00 0.13 0.13 —571 571 0.03 0.02 1.06 579
Vendor 0.01 0.24 0.12 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.06 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 —199 199 0.02 0.03 0.24 208
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker 0.04 0.04 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.02 —94.6 94.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.18 95.9
Vendor < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 —32.9 32.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 34.5
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
27 / 76
3.7. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.13 10.4 13.0 0.02 0.43 —0.43 0.40 —0.40 —2,398 2,398 0.10 0.02 —2,406
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.13 10.4 13.0 0.02 0.43 —0.43 0.40 —0.40 —2,398 2,398 0.10 0.02 —2,406
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.27 2.47 3.09 0.01 0.10 —0.10 0.09 —0.09 —568 568 0.02 < 0.005 —570
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.05 0.45 0.56 < 0.005 0.02 —0.02 0.02 —0.02 —94.0 94.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 —94.3
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
28 / 76
—————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Worker 0.50 0.48 8.41 0.00 0.00 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.33 0.33 —1,522 1,522 0.06 0.05 5.64 1,545
Vendor 0.01 0.55 0.30 < 0.005 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.04 0.05 —495 495 0.04 0.07 1.39 519
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.46 0.52 6.34 0.00 0.00 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.33 0.33 —1,395 1,395 0.07 0.05 0.15 1,413
Vendor 0.01 0.57 0.30 < 0.005 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.04 0.05 —495 495 0.04 0.07 0.04 518
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.11 0.13 1.58 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.08 0.08 —335 335 0.02 0.01 0.58 340
Vendor < 0.005 0.14 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 —117 117 0.01 0.02 0.14 123
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker 0.02 0.02 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 —55.5 55.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.10 56.3
Vendor < 0.005 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 —19.4 19.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 20.3
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.8. Building Construction (2025) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
29 / 76
2,406—0.020.102,3982,398—0.40—0.400.43—0.430.0213.010.41.13Off-Road
Equipment
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
1.13 10.4 13.0 0.02 0.43 —0.43 0.40 —0.40 —2,398 2,398 0.10 0.02 —2,406
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.27 2.47 3.09 0.01 0.10 —0.10 0.09 —0.09 —568 568 0.02 < 0.005 —570
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.05 0.45 0.56 < 0.005 0.02 —0.02 0.02 —0.02 —94.0 94.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 —94.3
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.50 0.48 8.41 0.00 0.00 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.33 0.33 —1,522 1,522 0.06 0.05 5.64 1,545
Vendor 0.01 0.55 0.30 < 0.005 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.04 0.05 —495 495 0.04 0.07 1.39 519
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.46 0.52 6.34 0.00 0.00 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.33 0.33 —1,395 1,395 0.07 0.05 0.15 1,413
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
30 / 76
Vendor 0.01 0.57 0.30 < 0.005 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.04 0.05 —495 495 0.04 0.07 0.04 518
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.11 0.13 1.58 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.08 0.08 —335 335 0.02 0.01 0.58 340
Vendor < 0.005 0.14 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 —117 117 0.01 0.02 0.14 123
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker 0.02 0.02 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 —55.5 55.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.10 56.3
Vendor < 0.005 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 —19.4 19.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 20.3
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.9. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.80 7.45 9.98 0.01 0.35 —0.35 0.32 —0.32 —1,511 1,511 0.06 0.01 —1,517
Paving 0.13 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
31 / 76
83.1—< 0.005< 0.00582.882.8—0.02—0.020.02—0.02< 0.0050.550.410.04Off-Road
Equipment
Paving 0.01 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.01 0.07 0.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —13.7 13.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 —13.8
Paving < 0.005 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.07 0.07 1.17 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.05 —211 211 0.01 0.01 0.78 215
Vendor < 0.005 0.17 0.09 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.05 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 —154 154 0.01 0.02 0.43 162
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —10.8 10.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 10.9
Vendor < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 —8.45 8.45 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 8.86
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.78 1.78 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.81
Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.40 1.40 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.47
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
32 / 76
3.10. Paving (2025) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.80 7.45 9.98 0.01 0.35 —0.35 0.32 —0.32 —1,511 1,511 0.06 0.01 —1,517
Paving 0.13 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.04 0.41 0.55 < 0.005 0.02 —0.02 0.02 —0.02 —82.8 82.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 —83.1
Paving 0.01 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.01 0.07 0.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —13.7 13.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 —13.8
Paving < 0.005 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
33 / 76
Worker 0.07 0.07 1.17 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.05 —211 211 0.01 0.01 0.78 215
Vendor < 0.005 0.17 0.09 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.05 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 —154 154 0.01 0.02 0.43 162
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —10.8 10.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 10.9
Vendor < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 —8.45 8.45 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 8.86
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.78 1.78 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.81
Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.40 1.40 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.47
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.11. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.13 0.88 1.14 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —134 134 0.01 < 0.005 —134
Architectu
ral
Coatings
13.1 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
34 / 76
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.01 0.05 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —7.32 7.32 < 0.005 < 0.005 —7.34
Architectu
ral
Coatings
0.72 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —1.21 1.21 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.22
Architectu
ral
Coatings
0.13 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.10 0.10 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.28 0.00 0.07 0.07 —304 304 0.01 0.01 1.13 309
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —15.5 15.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 15.7
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
35 / 76
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —2.57 2.57 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.60
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.12. Architectural Coating (2025) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Onsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.13 0.88 1.14 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —134 134 0.01 < 0.005 —134
Architectu
ral
Coatings
13.1 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
0.01 0.05 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —7.32 7.32 < 0.005 < 0.005 —7.34
Architectu
ral
Coatings
0.72 ————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
36 / 76
0.000.000.000.000.000.00—0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Onsite
truck
Annual —————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —1.21 1.21 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.22
Architectu
ral
Coatings
0.13 ————————————————
Onsite
truck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Offsite —————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Worker 0.10 0.10 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.28 0.00 0.07 0.07 —304 304 0.01 0.01 1.13 309
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Average
Daily
—————————————————
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —15.5 15.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 15.7
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual —————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 —2.57 2.57 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.60
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
37 / 76
4. Operations Emissions Details
4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use
4.1.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
1.62 1.40 13.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,969 2,969 0.15 0.14 11.8 3,026
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 1.62 1.40 13.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,969 2,969 0.15 0.14 11.8 3,026
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
1.50 1.51 11.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,782 2,782 0.16 0.14 0.31 2,829
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 1.50 1.51 11.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,782 2,782 0.16 0.14 0.31 2,829
Annual —————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
38 / 76
4740.840.020.03465465—0.030.03< 0.0050.180.17< 0.005< 0.0052.070.280.27Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 0.27 0.28 2.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.17 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 —465 465 0.03 0.02 0.84 474
4.1.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
1.62 1.40 13.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,969 2,969 0.15 0.14 11.8 3,026
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 1.62 1.40 13.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,969 2,969 0.15 0.14 11.8 3,026
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
1.50 1.51 11.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,782 2,782 0.16 0.14 0.31 2,829
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 1.50 1.51 11.0 0.03 0.02 0.95 0.97 0.02 0.17 0.19 —2,782 2,782 0.16 0.14 0.31 2,829
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
39 / 76
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
0.27 0.28 2.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.17 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 —465 465 0.03 0.02 0.84 474
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 0.27 0.28 2.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.17 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 —465 465 0.03 0.02 0.84 474
4.2. Energy
4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————944 944 0.06 0.01 —947
Parking
Lot
———————————55.6 55.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 —55.8
Total ———————————999 999 0.06 0.01 —1,003
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————944 944 0.06 0.01 —947
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
40 / 76
Parking
Lot
———————————55.6 55.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 —55.8
Total ———————————999 999 0.06 0.01 —1,003
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————156 156 0.01 < 0.005 —157
Parking
Lot
———————————9.21 9.21 < 0.005 < 0.005 —9.24
Total ———————————165 165 0.01 < 0.005 —166
4.2.2. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————944 944 0.06 0.01 —947
Parking
Lot
———————————55.6 55.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 —55.8
Total ———————————999 999 0.06 0.01 —1,003
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
41 / 76
947—0.010.06944944———————————Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
Parking
Lot
———————————55.6 55.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 —55.8
Total ———————————999 999 0.06 0.01 —1,003
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————156 156 0.01 < 0.005 —157
Parking
Lot
———————————9.21 9.21 < 0.005 < 0.005 —9.24
Total ———————————165 165 0.01 < 0.005 —166
4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —531 531 0.05 < 0.005 —532
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 —0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Total 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —531 531 0.05 < 0.005 —532
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
42 / 76
—————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —531 531 0.05 < 0.005 —532
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 —0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Total 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —531 531 0.05 < 0.005 —532
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
< 0.005 0.08 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —87.8 87.8 0.01 < 0.005 —88.1
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 —0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Total < 0.005 0.08 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —87.8 87.8 0.01 < 0.005 —88.1
4.2.4. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —531 531 0.05 < 0.005 —532
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 —0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
43 / 76
Total 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —531 531 0.05 < 0.005 —532
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —531 531 0.05 < 0.005 —532
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 —0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Total 0.02 0.42 0.18 < 0.005 0.03 —0.03 0.03 —0.03 —531 531 0.05 < 0.005 —532
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
< 0.005 0.08 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —87.8 87.8 0.01 < 0.005 —88.1
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00 0.00 —0.00 —0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Total < 0.005 0.08 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 —0.01 0.01 —0.01 —87.8 87.8 0.01 < 0.005 —88.1
4.3. Area Emissions by Source
4.3.2. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Source ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Consume
r
Products
0.86 ————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
44 / 76
Architectu
Coatings
0.07 ————————————————
Landscap
e
Equipme
nt
0.78 0.08 8.48 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —22.8 22.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 —22.8
Total 1.71 0.08 8.48 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —22.8 22.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 —22.8
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Consume
r
Products
0.86 ————————————————
Architectu
ral
Coatings
0.07 ————————————————
Total 0.93 ————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Consume
r
Products
0.16 ————————————————
Architectu
ral
Coatings
0.01 ————————————————
Landscap
e
Equipme
nt
0.10 0.01 1.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —2.58 2.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 —2.59
Total 0.27 0.01 1.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —2.58 2.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 —2.59
4.3.1. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Source ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
45 / 76
—————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Consume
r
Products
0.86 ————————————————
Architectu
ral
Coatings
0.07 ————————————————
Landscap
e
Equipme
nt
0.78 0.08 8.48 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —22.8 22.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 —22.8
Total 1.71 0.08 8.48 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —22.8 22.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 —22.8
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Consume
r
Products
0.86 ————————————————
Architectu
ral
Coatings
0.07 ————————————————
Total 0.93 ————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Consume
r
Products
0.16 ————————————————
Architectu
ral
Coatings
0.01 ————————————————
Landscap
e
Equipme
nt
0.10 0.01 1.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —2.58 2.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 —2.59
Total 0.27 0.01 1.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 < 0.005 —< 0.005 —2.58 2.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 —2.59
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
46 / 76
4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use
4.4.2. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————12.0 62.0 74.0 1.23 0.03 —114
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 11.2 11.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 —11.2
Total ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————12.0 62.0 74.0 1.23 0.03 —114
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 11.2 11.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 —11.2
Total ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————1.98 10.3 12.3 0.20 < 0.005 —18.8
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
47 / 76
1.86—< 0.005< 0.0051.851.850.00——————————Parking
Lot
Total ——————————1.98 12.1 14.1 0.20 < 0.005 —20.7
4.4.1. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————12.0 62.0 74.0 1.23 0.03 —114
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 11.2 11.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 —11.2
Total ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————12.0 62.0 74.0 1.23 0.03 —114
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 11.2 11.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 —11.2
Total ——————————12.0 73.2 85.2 1.23 0.03 —125
Annual —————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
48 / 76
18.8—< 0.0050.2012.310.31.98——————————Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 1.85 1.85 < 0.005 < 0.005 —1.86
Total ——————————1.98 12.1 14.1 0.20 < 0.005 —20.7
4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use
4.5.2. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Total ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
49 / 76
Total ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————40.4 0.00 40.4 4.04 0.00 —141
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Total ——————————40.4 0.00 40.4 4.04 0.00 —141
4.5.1. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Total ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
50 / 76
0.00—0.000.000.000.000.00——————————Parking
Lot
Total ——————————244 0.00 244 24.4 0.00 —854
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
——————————40.4 0.00 40.4 4.04 0.00 —141
Parking
Lot
——————————0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 —0.00
Total ——————————40.4 0.00 40.4 4.04 0.00 —141
4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use
4.6.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————————0.51 0.51
Total ———————————————0.51 0.51
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
51 / 76
0.510.51———————————————Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
Total ———————————————0.51 0.51
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————————0.08 0.08
Total ———————————————0.08 0.08
4.6.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————————0.51 0.51
Total ———————————————0.51 0.51
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————————0.51 0.51
Total ———————————————0.51 0.51
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
52 / 76
Annual —————————————————
Congrega
te
Care
(Assisted
Living)
———————————————0.08 0.08
Total ———————————————0.08 0.08
4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
4.7.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Total —————————————————
4.7.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
53 / 76
—————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Total —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Total —————————————————
4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type
4.8.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Total —————————————————
4.8.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
54 / 76
Equipme
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Total —————————————————
4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type
4.9.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Total —————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
55 / 76
4.9.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Equipme
nt
Type
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Total —————————————————
4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type
4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Vegetatio
n
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
56 / 76
Total —————————————————
4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Total —————————————————
4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Species ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Avoided —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Sequeste
red
—————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Removed —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
——————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
57 / 76
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Avoided —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Sequeste
red
—————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Removed —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
——————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Avoided —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Sequeste
red
—————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Removed —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
——————————————————
4.10.4. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Vegetatio
n
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
58 / 76
—————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Total —————————————————
4.10.5. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Total —————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Total —————————————————
4.10.6. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)
Species ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
—————————————————
Avoided —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
59 / 76
—————————————————Sequeste
red
Subtotal —————————————————
Removed —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
—————————————————
Avoided —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Sequeste
red
—————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Removed —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
——————————————————
Annual —————————————————
Avoided —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Sequeste
red
—————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
Removed —————————————————
Subtotal —————————————————
——————————————————
5. Activity Data
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
60 / 76
5.1. Construction Schedule
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Days Per Week Work Days per Phase Phase Description
Site Preparation Site Preparation 4/17/2024 5/14/2024 5.00 20.0 —
Grading Grading 5/15/2024 6/12/2024 5.00 20.0 —
Building Construction Building Construction 6/13/2024 5/1/2025 5.00 230 —
Paving Paving 5/2/2025 5/30/2025 5.00 20.0 —
Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 5/31/2025 6/28/2025 5.00 20.0 —
5.2. Off-Road Equipment
5.2.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor
Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 367 0.40
Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Grading Excavators Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 36.0 0.38
Grading Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 148 0.41
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 367 0.40
Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Building Construction Cranes Diesel Average 1.00 7.00 367 0.29
Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 82.0 0.20
Building Construction Generator Sets Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 14.0 0.74
Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 3.00 7.00 84.0 0.37
Building Construction Welders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 46.0 0.45
Paving Pavers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 81.0 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 89.0 0.36
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
61 / 76
Paving Rollers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38
Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Average 1.00 6.00 37.0 0.48
5.2.2. Mitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor
Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 367 0.40
Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Grading Excavators Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 36.0 0.38
Grading Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 148 0.41
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 367 0.40
Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Building Construction Cranes Diesel Average 1.00 7.00 367 0.29
Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 82.0 0.20
Building Construction Generator Sets Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 14.0 0.74
Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 3.00 7.00 84.0 0.37
Building Construction Welders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 46.0 0.45
Paving Pavers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 81.0 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 89.0 0.36
Paving Rollers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38
Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Average 1.00 6.00 37.0 0.48
5.3. Construction Vehicles
5.3.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Trip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
62 / 76
Site Preparation ————
Site Preparation Worker 10.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Site Preparation Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Site Preparation Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Site Preparation Onsite truck ——HHDT
Grading ————
Grading Worker 15.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Grading Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Grading Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Grading Onsite truck ——HHDT
Building Construction ————
Building Construction Worker 108 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Building Construction Vendor 16.0 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Building Construction Onsite truck ——HHDT
Paving ————
Paving Worker 15.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Paving Vendor 5.00 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Paving Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Paving Onsite truck ——HHDT
Architectural Coating ————
Architectural Coating Worker 21.6 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Architectural Coating Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Architectural Coating Onsite truck ——HHDT
5.3.2. Mitigated
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
63 / 76
Phase Name Trip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix
Site Preparation ————
Site Preparation Worker 10.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Site Preparation Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Site Preparation Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Site Preparation Onsite truck ——HHDT
Grading ————
Grading Worker 15.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Grading Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Grading Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Grading Onsite truck ——HHDT
Building Construction ————
Building Construction Worker 108 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Building Construction Vendor 16.0 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Building Construction Onsite truck ——HHDT
Paving ————
Paving Worker 15.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Paving Vendor 5.00 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Paving Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Paving Onsite truck ——HHDT
Architectural Coating ————
Architectural Coating Worker 21.6 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Architectural Coating Vendor —10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Architectural Coating Onsite truck ——HHDT
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
64 / 76
5.4. Vehicles
5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
Non-applicable. No control strategies activated by user.
5.5. Architectural Coatings
Phase Name Residential Interior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
Architectural Coating 81,000 27,000 0.00 0.00 2,614
5.6. Dust Mitigation
5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
Phase Name Material Imported (cy)Material Exported (cy)Acres Graded (acres)Material Demolished (sq. ft.)Acres Paved (acres)
Site Preparation ——20.0 0.00 —
Grading ——20.0 0.00 —
Paving 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
Non-applicable. No control strategies activated by user.
5.7. Construction Paving
Land Use Area Paved (acres)% Asphalt
Congregate Care (Assisted Living)—0%
Parking Lot 1.00 100%
5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors
kWh per Year and Emission Factor (lb/MWh)
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
65 / 76
Year kWh per Year CO2 CH4 N2O
2024 0.00 532 0.03 < 0.005
2025 0.00 532 0.03 < 0.005
5.9. Operational Mobile Sources
5.9.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Year VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Year
Congregate Care
(Assisted Living)
390 390 390 142,350 3,390 3,390 3,390 1,237,441
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.9.2. Mitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Year VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Year
Congregate Care
(Assisted Living)
390 390 390 142,350 3,390 3,390 3,390 1,237,441
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.10. Operational Area Sources
5.10.1. Hearths
5.10.1.1. Unmitigated
5.10.1.2. Mitigated
5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft)Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft)Non-Residential Interior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
66 / 76
81000 27,000 0.00 0.00 2,614
5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 250
5.10.4. Landscape Equipment - Mitigated
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 250
5.11. Operational Energy Consumption
5.11.1. Unmitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr)
Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr)CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr)
Congregate Care (Assisted
Living)
647,424 532 0.0330 0.0040 1,655,577
Parking Lot 38,159 532 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
5.11.2. Mitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr)
Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr)CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr)
Congregate Care (Assisted
Living)
647,424 532 0.0330 0.0040 1,655,577
Parking Lot 38,159 532 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
67 / 76
5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption
5.12.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year)Outdoor Water (gal/year)
Congregate Care (Assisted Living)6,252,176 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 1,445,321
5.12.2. Mitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year)Outdoor Water (gal/year)
Congregate Care (Assisted Living)6,252,176 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 1,445,321
5.13. Operational Waste Generation
5.13.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year)Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Congregate Care (Assisted Living)453 —
Parking Lot 0.00 —
5.13.2. Mitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year)Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Congregate Care (Assisted Living)453 —
Parking Lot 0.00 —
5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
68 / 76
5.14.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg)Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced
Congregate Care
(Assisted Living)
Average room A/C &
Other residential A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 2.50 2.50 10.0
Congregate Care
(Assisted Living)
Household refrigerators
and/or freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.22 0.60 0.00 1.00
5.14.2. Mitigated
Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg)Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced
Congregate Care
(Assisted Living)
Average room A/C &
Other residential A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 2.50 2.50 10.0
Congregate Care
(Assisted Living)
Household refrigerators
and/or freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.22 0.60 0.00 1.00
5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment
5.15.1. Unmitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor
5.15.2. Mitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor
5.16. Stationary Sources
5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day Hours per Day Hours per Year Horsepower Load Factor
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
69 / 76
5.16.2. Process Boilers
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr)Daily Heat Input (MMBtu/day)Annual Heat Input (MMBtu/yr)
5.17. User Defined
Equipment Type Fuel Type
——
5.18. Vegetation
5.18.1. Land Use Change
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.1.2. Mitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.1.2. Mitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
70 / 76
5.18.2. Sequestration
5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year)Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)
5.18.2.2. Mitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year)Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)
6. Climate Risk Detailed Report
6.1. Climate Risk Summary
Cal-Adapt midcentury 2040–2059 average projections for four hazards are reported below for your project location. These are under Representation Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 which assumes GHG
emissions will continue to rise strongly through 2050 and then plateau around 2100.
Climate Hazard Result for Project Location Unit
Temperature and Extreme Heat 21.7 annual days of extreme heat
Extreme Precipitation 5.25 annual days with precipitation above 20 mm
Sea Level Rise 0.00 meters of inundation depth
Wildfire 0.00 annual hectares burned
Temperature and Extreme Heat data are for grid cell in which your project are located. The projection is based on the 98th historical percentile of daily maximum/minimum temperatures from observed
historical data (32 climate model ensemble from Cal-Adapt, 2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.
Extreme Precipitation data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The threshold of 20 mm is equivalent to about ¾ an inch of rain, which would be light to moderate rainfall if received over a full
day or heavy rain if received over a period of 2 to 4 hours. Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.
Sea Level Rise data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from Radke et al. (2017), as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider different
increments of sea level rise coupled with extreme storm events. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential inundation depth for the grid cell. The four simulations make
different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature
possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 50 meters (m) by 50 m, or about 164 feet (ft) by 164 ft.
Wildfire data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from UC Davis, as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider historical data of climate,
vegetation, population density, and large (> 400 ha) fire history. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential wildfire probabilities for the grid cell. The four simulations make
different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature
possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
71 / 76
6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score
Temperature and Extreme Heat 2 0 0 N/A
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 0 0 N/A
Wildfire 1 0 0 N/A
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 0 0 0 N/A
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest
exposure.
The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the
greatest ability to adapt.
The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores do not include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.
6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score
Temperature and Extreme Heat 2 1 1 3
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 1 1 2
Wildfire 1 1 1 2
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 1 1 1 2
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest
exposure.
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
72 / 76
The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the
greatest ability to adapt.
The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.
6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures
7. Health and Equity Details
7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state.
Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Exposure Indicators —
AQ-Ozone 97.0
AQ-PM 91.5
AQ-DPM 76.0
Drinking Water 66.7
Lead Risk Housing 54.1
Pesticides 0.00
Toxic Releases 73.6
Traffic 10.6
Effect Indicators —
CleanUp Sites 58.2
Groundwater 0.00
Haz Waste Facilities/Generators 80.5
Impaired Water Bodies 0.00
Solid Waste 0.00
Sensitive Population —
Asthma 70.6
Cardio-vascular 84.7
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
73 / 76
Low Birth Weights 38.5
Socioeconomic Factor Indicators —
Education 90.9
Housing 72.6
Linguistic 82.6
Poverty 86.6
Unemployment 66.6
7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores
The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.
Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Economic —
Above Poverty 13.69177467
Employed 6.582830746
Median HI 20.28743744
Education —
Bachelor's or higher 14.23071988
High school enrollment 23.00782754
Preschool enrollment 50.42987296
Transportation —
Auto Access 66.18760426
Active commuting 28.7052483
Social —
2-parent households 69.89606057
Voting 13.74310278
Neighborhood —
Alcohol availability 35.72436802
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
74 / 76
Park access 5.00449121
Retail density 22.12241755
Supermarket access 30.78403696
Tree canopy 9.49570127
Housing —
Homeownership 37.25137944
Housing habitability 9.367380983
Low-inc homeowner severe housing cost burden 9.880662133
Low-inc renter severe housing cost burden 18.15732067
Uncrowded housing 7.35275247
Health Outcomes —
Insured adults 4.234569485
Arthritis 85.3
Asthma ER Admissions 18.7
High Blood Pressure 88.4
Cancer (excluding skin)97.4
Asthma 10.9
Coronary Heart Disease 79.3
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 40.0
Diagnosed Diabetes 41.8
Life Expectancy at Birth 20.2
Cognitively Disabled 91.4
Physically Disabled 71.5
Heart Attack ER Admissions 7.2
Mental Health Not Good 9.7
Chronic Kidney Disease 55.3
Obesity 14.1
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
75 / 76
Pedestrian Injuries 19.6
Physical Health Not Good 18.1
Stroke 64.5
Health Risk Behaviors —
Binge Drinking 36.9
Current Smoker 12.2
No Leisure Time for Physical Activity 18.6
Climate Change Exposures —
Wildfire Risk 0.0
SLR Inundation Area 0.0
Children 24.2
Elderly 94.7
English Speaking 25.6
Foreign-born 76.5
Outdoor Workers 15.6
Climate Change Adaptive Capacity —
Impervious Surface Cover 68.4
Traffic Density 40.9
Traffic Access 23.0
Other Indices —
Hardship 92.8
Other Decision Support —
2016 Voting 26.9
7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
Metric Result for Project Census Tract
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Score for Project Location (a)81.0
Homelessness Prevention Resource and Care Center Detailed Report, 6/13/2023
76 / 76
Healthy Places Index Score for Project Location (b)9.00
Project Located in a Designated Disadvantaged Community (Senate Bill 535)Yes
Project Located in a Low-Income Community (Assembly Bill 1550)Yes
Project Located in a Community Air Protection Program Community (Assembly Bill 617)No
a: The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state.
b: The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.
7.4. Health & Equity Measures
No Health & Equity Measures selected.
7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
Health & Equity Evaluation Scorecard not completed.
7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures
No Health & Equity Custom Measures created.
8. User Changes to Default Data
Screen Justification
Land Use Per project description
Construction: Construction Phases No demolition required
Operations: Vehicle Data Per trip generation forecast
Operations: Hearths No hearths
Construction: Off-Road Equipment Adjusted for construction schedule
Appendix B:
EMFAC2017 Output
Source: EMFAC2017 (v1.0.3) Emissions Inventory
Region Type: Air District
Region: South Coast AQMD
Calendar Year: 2023
Season: Annual
Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories
Units: miles/day for VMT, trips/day for Trips, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel Consumption
Region Calendar YearVehicle CategoryModel Year Speed Fuel Population VMT Trips Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption Total Fuel Consumption VMT Total VMT Miles Per Gallon Vehicle Class
South Coast AQMD2023 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 75.10442936 8265.097 1502.689 1.936286145 1936.286145 1913466.474 8265.097 13656273.03 7.14 HHD
South Coast AQMD2023 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 109818.6753 13648008 1133618 1911.530188 1911530.188 13648008
South Coast AQMD2023 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 6635002.295 2.53E+08 31352477 7971.24403 7971244.03 8020635.698 2.53E+08 255180358.3 31.82 LDA
South Coast AQMD2023 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 62492.97958 2469816 297086.6 49.3916685 49391.6685 2469816
South Coast AQMD2023 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 150700.3971 6237106 751566 0 0 6237106
South Coast AQMD2023 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 758467.6481 27812996 3504563 1023.913006 1023913.006 1024279.466 27812996 27821405.09 27.16 LDT1
South Coast AQMD2023 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 360.7799144 8408.618 1256.88 0.366459477 366.4594769 8408.618
South Coast AQMD2023 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 7122.93373 303507.5 35798.19 0 0 303507.5
South Coast AQMD2023 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 2285150.139 85272416 10723315 3338.798312 3338798.312 3356536.438 85272416 85922778.34 25.60 LDT2
South Coast AQMD2023 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 15594.68309 650362.8 76635.83 17.73812611 17738.12611 650362.8
South Coast AQMD2023 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 28809.63735 917592.8 145405.4 0 0 917592.8
South Coast AQMD2023 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 174910.3847 6216643 2605904 583.3851736 583385.1736 811563.1022 6216643 11211395.79 13.81 LHDT1
South Coast AQMD2023 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 125545.0822 4994753 1579199 228.1779285 228177.9285 4994753
South Coast AQMD2023 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 30102.75324 1034569 448486.2 111.5753864 111575.3864 209423.5025 1034569 2969599.008 14.18 LHDT2
South Coast AQMD2023 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 50003.13116 1935030 628976.5 97.84811618 97848.11618 1935030
South Coast AQMD2023 MCY Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 305044.5141 2104624 610089 57.849018 57849.018 57849.018 2104624 2104623.657 36.38 MCY
South Coast AQMD2023 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1589862.703 55684188 7354860 2693.883526 2693883.526 2744536.341 55684188 57109879.73 20.81 MDV
South Coast AQMD2023 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 36128.1019 1425691 176566.9 50.65281491 50652.81491 1425691
South Coast AQMD2023 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 16376.67653 537591.7 83475.95 0 0 537591.7
South Coast AQMD2023 MH Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 34679.50542 330042.9 3469.338 63.26295123 63262.95123 74893.26955 330042.9 454344.9436 6.07 MH
South Coast AQMD2023 MH Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 13122.69387 124302 1312.269 11.63031832 11630.31832 124302
South Coast AQMD2023 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 25624.3151 1363694 512691.3 265.2060557 265206.0557 989975.6425 1363694 9484317.768 9.58 MHDT
South Coast AQMD2023 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 122124.488 8120623 1221858 724.7695868 724769.5868 8120623
South Coast AQMD2023 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 5955.291639 245774 119153.5 48.07750689 48077.50689 86265.88761 245774 579743.8353 6.72 OBUS
South Coast AQMD2023 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 4286.940093 333969.8 41558.29 38.18838072 38188.38072 333969.8
South Coast AQMD2023 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 2783.643068 112189.6 11134.57 12.19474692 12194.74692 39638.85935 112189.6 323043.5203 8.15 SBUS
South Coast AQMD2023 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 6671.825716 210853.9 76991.94 27.44411242 27444.11242 210853.9
South Coast AQMD2023 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 957.7686184 89782.63 3831.074 17.62416327 17624.16327 17863.66378 89782.63 91199.2533 5.11 UBUS
South Coast AQMD2023 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 13.00046095 1416.622 52.00184 0.239500509 239.5005093 1416.622
South Coast AQMD2023 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 16.11693886 1320.163 64.46776 0 1320.163