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Home My WebLink AboutAppendix D - Cultural Resources Records Search❖ APPENDICES ❖ 7106/Summit Avenue Warehouse Project Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration December 2021 APPENDIX D Cultural Resources Records Search PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR THE FONTANA WAREHOUSE AT SIERRA AVENUE AND SUMMIT AVENUE PROJECT CITY OF FONTANA SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: Bobby Allard, P.E., Project Manager Allard Engineering 16866 Seville Avenue Fontana, CA 92335 Prepared by: Stephen O’Neil, M.A., RPA Megan Black Doukakis, M.A. UltraSystems Environmental Inc. 16431 Scientific Way Irvine, CA 92618 (949) 788-4900 December 2021 Key Words: City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, Devore, Calif. USGS Quad., Negative Results ❖ CULTURAL REPORT ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page i Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR THE FONTANA WAREHOUSE AT SIERRA AVENUE AND SUMMIT AVENUE PROJECT CITY OF FONTANA SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Bobby Allard, P.E., Project Manager Allard Engineering 16866 Seville Avenue Fontana, CA 92335 December 2021 Reviewed by: Stephen O’Neil, M.A., RPA UltraSystems Environmental Inc. Date: November 11, 2021 ❖ TABLE OF CONTENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page ii Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Project Description .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 SETTING .................................................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Natural Setting ...................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Cultural Setting ..................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2.1 Prehistoric Context .............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2.2 Ethnohistoric Context......................................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.3 Historic Context .................................................................................................................... 2-4 3.0 RESEARCH METHODS ......................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Records Search ...................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Field Survey ............................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.3 Native American Heritage Commission and Sacred Lands File ........................................ 3-1 4.0 FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Records Search ...................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Recorded Archaeological Sites ....................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Previous Cultural Resource Investigations ............................................................... 4-3 4.2 Native American Outreach ............................................................................................................... 4-6 4.3 Pedestrian Survey Results ................................................................................................................ 4-7 5.0 MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Site Evaluation Criteria ...................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Potential Effects .................................................................................................................................... 5-1 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 6-1 7.0 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 7-1 TABLES Table 4.1-1 - Known Cultural Resources Within a 0.5-mile Radius of the Project Boundary ............ 4-1 Table 4.1-2 - Known Cultural Resource Studies Within a Half-Mile Radius of the Project Boundary ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-3 FIGURES Figure 4.1-1 – Overview of Project Site Ground Surface, Vegetation and Slope to the South; View to the East from West Edge at Sierra Avenue ............................................................................................................... 4-8 Figure 4.1-2 - Ground Surface Showing Rocks from Alluvial Deposition ................................................... 4-9 Figure 4.1-3 – View Across Project Site to Residences to the West, Industrial Building to the North, and San Bernardino Mountains in the Background; View to the Northwest ........................................... 4-10 Figure 4.1-3 – Rock Rows Created by Surface Grading; View to the West .............................................. 4-11 ❖ TABLE OF CONTENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page iii Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Figure 4.1-4 – View Across Project Site to Residences to the West, Industrial Building to the North, and San Bernardino Mountains in the Background; View to the Northwest ........................................... 4-12 ATTACHMENTS Attachment A Project Maps Attachment B Personnel Background Attachment C Native American Heritage Commission Records Search Attachment D CHRIS Records Search ❖ INTRODUCTION ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 1-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview This Phase I Cultural Resource Inventory was prepared by UltraSystems Environmental (UEI) at the request of Allard Engineering. This assessment was completed as part of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)-compliance documentation for the required Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) document for the Summit Avenue Warehouse Project (project). UEI conducted this cultural resources study to evaluate the potential presence of prehistoric and historic resources within the project boundary. The project is located in northeast Fontana (Attachment A, Figure 5) on a single parcel, Assessor’s Parcel No. (APN) 0239-161-28. The background research and archival study included a one-half-mile buffer surrounding the project site’s boundary. In general, the project is located in a mixed residential and commercial area though the project site itself is still in open space. 1.2 Project Description The Fontana Warehouse at Sierra Avenue. and Summit Avenue Project is located on an approximately 4.49-acre site on the northeast corner of Sierra Avenue and Summit Avenue, in the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County (Attachment A, Figure 6). The site is currently vacant with the ground surface of soils, rocks, grass and weeds and native vegetation. The project site is surrounded by a mix of relatively recent large commercial and light industrial buildings to the north, east and south, and to the west by single-family residences. The proposed project would include the development of an approximately 102,380 square feet (sq. ft.) warehouse facility. Additionally, there would be 53 parking stalls provided for staff and visitors, along with three parking stalls for trailer parking provided. The maximum site cover proposed is 60 percent with a maximum building height of 75 feet. The proposed Zoning Designation would be Light Industrial (M-1). Regional access to the site is provided by the I-15 Freeway via Beech Avenue to Summit Avenue. More specifically, the project is located on the Devore, Calif., USGS topographical quadrangle, R 05 W, T 01 N, in the SW ¼ of the SW ¼ of Section 20. Area of Potential Effect The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the undertaking encompasses the maximum extent of ground disturbance required by the project design (see Attachment A, Figure 6 and Figure 7). The surface area of the APE is approximately 4.49 acres - all of this area is subject to direct ground disturbances during construction. 1.3 Methods A cultural resources records search was completed by the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) at California State University, Fullerton, which is the local California Historic Resources Information System (CHRIS) facility. The records search was conducted to identify previously recorded cultural resources (prehistoric and historic archaeological sites/isolates, historic buildings, structures, objects, or districts) within the project area and to also determine previous cultural resource surveys. The project site and a one-half-mile buffer zone are included in the search radius ❖ INTRODUCTION ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 1-2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 for archival studies. These records included a review of previously recorded prehistoric and historic archaeological resources and a review of listed cultural resource survey reports within that same geographical area. In addition, outreach to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and local Native American tribes was conducted. Ms. Megan B. Doukakis, M.A contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) requesting a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search. The cultural resources record search was requested from the SCCIC by Ms. Doukakis. An intensive pedestrian cultural resources survey was conducted by Mr. O’Neil, M.A., RPA, who qualifies as a Principal Prehistoric Archaeologist and Historic Archaeologist per United States Secretary of the Interior Standards (see Attachment B). Disposition of Data This report will be filed with the SCCIC, California State University, Fullerton; Allard Engineering; the City of Fontana Planning Department; and UltraSystems Environmental, Inc., Irvine, California. All field notes and other documentation related to the study will remain on file at the Irvine office of UltraSystems. ❖ SETTING ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 2-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 2.0 SETTING 2.1 Natural Setting The City of Fontana is located in the western portion of the San Bernardino Valley. This is a broad inland valley defined by the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountain Ranges to the north and is ringed by a series of low rocky hills to the south. The region’s environment is characterized by a temperate Mediterranean climate, with the average maximum temperature in July reaching 95°F (degrees Fahrenheit) and the average minimum temperature in January at around 46°F. Rainfall is typically less than 15 inches annually, most of which occurs between November and March. The project site is underlain by a single geological deposit, Young Alluvial Fan Deposits, unit 5 (Qyf5) (Morton and Matti, 2001). This deposit consists of unconsolidated to slightly consolidated sand and pebble-boulder gravel and dates to the Holocene (11,650 years before present [ybp]) (Morton and Matti, 2001). The geology of the site is also characterized by the origin of the material. At the project site and surrounding area, the young alluvial fans were deposited by Lytle Creek which emerges from the San Gabriel Mountains. The project site is situated on a gentle alluvial fan sloping to the south with an elevation of 1666 feet in the southwest corner, rising to approximately 1670 on the north side. The surface consists of sandy soil with gravel and numerous rocks of various sizes ranging from pebbles to medium rocks to small boulders up to three feet in length. The project region is within the lower portion of the Upper Sonoran life zone with coastal sage scrub, mixed chaparral, grasses and sets of scrub oak. Native animals common to the area include coyotes, foxes, cottontail and jack rabbits, skunks, rodents, reptiles, crows, scrub jays, doves, road runners and various raptors. The project site is dominated by creosote (Larrea tridentata), with beech bur and croton. 2.2 Cultural Setting 2.2.1 Prehistoric Context The earliest evidence of human occupation in the Inland Empire region (consisting of the southwestern corner of San Bernardino and western Riverside counties) was discovered below the surface of an alluvial fan in the northern portion of the Lakeview Mountains, overlooking the San Jacinto Valley, dating to around 9,500 radiocarbon years (rcy) before present (B.P.) (before present = A.D. 1950) (Horne and McDougall, 2008). Another prehistoric archaeological site found near the shoreline of Lake Elsinore, close to the confluence of Temescal Wash and the San Jacinto River, dates between 8,000 and 9,000 B.P. (Grenda, 1997). Additional sites with isolated Archaic dart points, bifaces, and other associated flaked stone artifacts are considered to be from the same age range and have been found in the Cajon Pass area, typically atop knolls with good viewsheds (Basgall and True, 1985; Goodman, 2002; Goodman and McDonald, 2001; Milburn et al., 2008). The regional prehistory of Southern California has been characterized by various cultural chronologies, including those developed by Chartkoff and Chartkoff (1984), Warren (1984), and others. Specifically, the prehistory of the Inland Empire region has been addressed by O’Connell et al., (1974), Keller et al (1989), Grenda (1993), and Horne and McDougall (2008). Although the beginning and ending dates of different cultural periods vary, the regional framework can be generally broken into four primary periods: ❖ SETTING ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 2-2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 • Paleoindian and Lake Mojave (Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene) (ca. 11000 to 6000 calibrated years [cal] B.C.). This time period is characterized by highly mobile foraging strategies and a broad spectrum of subsistence pursuits. These earliest expressions of aboriginal occupation in America were marked by the use of large projectile points (Fluted and Concave Base Points) that are an element of the Western Clovis expression. Following the earliest portions of this time span there was a change in climate coincident with the retreat of glaciers. Large bodies of water existed and lakeside aboriginal adaptations were common. Large stemmed points (Western Stemmed – Lake Mojave and Silver Lake) accompanied by a wide variety of formalized stone tools were employed with the aid of atlatls (dart throwers) and are representative of an adaptation that was in part focused on lacustrine environments. • Millingstone Horizon (ca. 6000 cal B.C. to cal A.D. 1000), during which time mobile hunter-gatherers became more sedentary and plant foods and small game animals came into more use. This prehistoric cultural expression is often characterized by a large number of millingstones (especially well-made, deep basin metates) and formalized, portable handstones (manos). Additionally, the cultural assemblage is dominated by an abundance of scraping tools (including scraper planes and pounding/pulping implements), and only a slight representation of dart-tipped projectile points (Pinto, Elko and Gypsum types). • Late Prehistoric Period (ca. cal A.D. 1000 to 1500), during which a more complex social organization, more diversified subsistence base and an extensive use of the bow and arrow is evidenced. Small, light arrow points, expedient millingstones and, later, pottery mark this period along with the full development of regional Native cultures and tribal territories. • Protohistoric Period (ca. cal A.D. 1500 to 1700s) ushered in long-distance contacts with Europeans, and thereby led to the Historic Period (ca. cal A.D. 1700 to contemporary times). Small arrow points are recognized as a hallmark of this time period. Geospatial analyses of known prehistoric sites in inland Southern California suggest that longer-term residential settlements of the Native population were more likely to occur in sheltered areas. Such locations were near the base of hills and/or on elevated terraces, hills, and finger ridges. Further, these favored locations were near permanent or reliable sources of water. These were areas that were largely level encampments situated on the unprotected valley floor. The residential sites were used for resource procurement and travel. The use of such geographical settings is supported by the ethnographic literature. These reports identify the foothills as preferred areas for settlement (Bean and Smith, 1978a; 1978b). The project area is situated at the base of the Jurupa Hills, an ideal location for prehistoric seasonal habitation site. 2.2.2 Ethnohistoric Context The project lies within the territory of the Gabrielino (Tongva) ethnolinguistic group (Bean and Smith, 1978a:538), who speak a language classified as a member of the Uto-Aztecan language family. This language is further affiliated as an element of the Northern Takic Branch of that linguistic group (Golla, 2011). The Gabrielino, with the Chumash, were considered the most populous, wealthiest, and therefore most powerful ethnic nationalities in aboriginal Southern California (Bean and Smith, 1978a:538). Unfortunately, most Gabrielino cultural practices had declined before systematic ethnographic ❖ SETTING ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 2-3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 studies were instituted. Today, the leading sources on Gabrielino culture are Bean and Smith (1978a), Johnson (1962), and McCawley (1996). According to recent research, Takic groups were not the first inhabitants of the region. Archeologists suggest that a Takic in-migration may have occurred as early as 2,000 years ago, replacing or intermarrying with a more ancient indigenous people represented by speakers of a Hokan language (Howard and Raab, 1993; Porcasi, 1998). By the time of European contact, the Gabrielino territory included the southern Channel Islands and the Los Angeles Basin. Their territory reached east into the present-day San Bernardino-Riverside area and south to the San Joaquin Hills in central Orange County. Different groups of Gabrielino adopted several subsistence strategies, based on gathering, hunting, and fishing. Because of the similarities to other Southern California tribes in economic activities, inland Gabrielino groups' industrial arts, exemplified by basket weaving, exhibited an affinity with those of their neighbors (Kroeber, 1925). Coastal Gabrielino material culture, on the other hand, reflected an elaborately developed artisanship most recognized through the medium of steatite, which was rivaled by few other groups in Southern California. The intricacies of Gabrielino social organization are not well known. There appeared to have been at least three hierarchically ordered social classes, topped with an elite consisting of the chiefs, their immediate families, and other ceremonial specialists (Bean and Smith, 1978a). Clans owned land, and property boundaries were marked by the clan's personalized symbol. Villages were politically autonomous, composed of non-localized lineages, each with its own leader. The dominant lineage's leader was usually the village chief, whose office was generally hereditary through the male line. Occasionally several villages were allied under the leadership of a single chief. The villages frequently engaged in warfare against one another, resulting in what some consider to be a state of constant enmity between coastal and inland groups. The Fontana region was within the eastern Tongva culture area. The central Tongva land was the Los Angeles Basin; however, it extended east to include portions of the San Bernardino Valley. In the San Bernardino Valley, the Tongva’s neighbors were the Serrano on the north and the Cahuilla farther east. Away from the Santa Ana River this area was not well watered. Therefore, this portion of the territory was not as densely populated as the coastal territory. The village of Jurupa, also spelled Huruuvnga, was somewhat west of Riverside (McCawley, 1996:49). Its proximity to Fontana is attested by Native consultants who described a “long range of hills at Jurupa – west of Riverside,” termed Shokaava by José Zalvidea, the Tongva consultant to researcher J.P. Harrington (McCawley, 1996:50). These hills likely correspond to the Jurupa Hills lying two-and-a-quarter miles south of the project site. In the late Mission Period or just thereafter, much of the region was populated by the Serrano (Bean and Smith, 1978b), who migrated into the area following the removal of the Gabrielino to Mission San Gabriel. The first Franciscan establishment in Gabrielino territory and the broader region was Mission San Gabriel, founded in A.D. 1772. Priests from the mission proselytized the Tongva throughout the Los Angeles Basin. As early as 1542, however, the Gabrielino were in peripheral contact with the Spanish even during the historic expedition of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. However, it was not until 1769 that the Spaniards took steps to colonize the territory of aboriginal Californians. Within a few decades, most of the Gabrielino were incorporated into Mission San Gabriel and other missions in Southern California (Engelhardt, 1931). Due to introduced diseases, dietary deficiencies, and forceful reducción (removal of non-agrarian Native populations to the mission compound), Gabrielino ❖ SETTING ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 2-4 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 population dwindled rapidly from these impacts. By 1900, the Gabrielino community had almost ceased to exist as a culturally identifiable group. In the late 20th century, however, a renaissance of Native American activism and cultural revitalization of Gabrielino descendants took place. Among the results of this movement has been a return to a traditional name for the tribe, the Tongva, which is employed by several of the bands and organizations representing tribal members. Many of the Tongva bands focus on maintaining and teaching traditional knowledge, with special focus on language, place names and natural resources. 2.2.3 Historic Context 2.2.3.1 Spanish/Mexican Era In 1772, three years after the beginning of Spanish colonization of Alta California, Lt. Pedro Fages, governor of the new province, and a small force of soldiers under his command became the first Europeans to set foot in the San Bernardino Valley (Beck and Haase, 1974:15). The colonizers were followed in the next few years by two other famed Spanish explorers, Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza and Fr. Francisco Garcés, who traveled through the valley in the mid-1770s. Despite these early visits, for the next 40 years this inland valley received little impact from the Spanish colonization activities. The Spanish incursions into Alta California were concentrated along the coast. For the bulk of the Spanish-Mexican Period, the San Bernardino Valley was considered a part of the land holdings of Mission San Gabriel. The name “San Bernardino” was bestowed on the region by about 1819, when the mission assistencia and an associated rancho were officially established under this name in the eastern area of the valley (Lerch and Haenszel, 1981). After gaining independence from Spain, in 1834 the Mexican government began the process of secularizing the missions in Alta California, which in practice meant the confiscation of the Franciscan missions’ vast land holdings that were to have been returned to the Native population, to be distributed among prominent citizens of the province. During the 1830s and the 1840s, several large land grants were created near present-day Fontana, but the project itself does not fall within the boundaries of any private ranchos and remained public land when California became a part of the United States in 1848. 2.2.3.2 The American Period to Founding of Fontana Used primarily as cattle ranches, the ranchos around Fontana saw little development until the mid-19th century. A colony of Mormon settlers from Salt Lake City founded the town of San Bernardino in 1851. The Southern Pacific Railroad was completed in the mid-1870s, and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway introduced a competing rail line in the 1880s during a phenomenal land boom that swept through much of Southern California (Dumke, 1944). The boom ushered in a number of new settlements in the San Bernardino Valley. In 1887, the Semi-Tropic Land and Water Company purchased a large tract of land near the mouth of Lytle Creek. With that acquisition and accompanied by the necessary water rights to the creek, Semi-Tropic laid out the townsites of Rialto, Bloomington, and Rosena (Schuiling, 1984:90). While Rialto and Bloomington were soon settled and began to grow, little development took place at Rosena before the collapse of the 1880s land boom and the ensuing financial collapse of the Semi-Tropic Land and Water Company (Schuiling, 1984:90, 102). In 1905, Azariel Blanchard “A.B.” Miller (1878-1941), widely considered the founder of present-day Fontana, arrived in Rosena. Miller hailed from the Imperial Valley and, along with his associates, soon established Fontana Farms on a tract of land that eventually reached 20,000 acres (Anicic, 2005:32-40). Within the first ten years of the 20th century, an irrigation system was constructed and much of the land was planted in grain ❖ SETTING ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 2-5 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 and citrus (Schuiling, 1984:102). Miller’s Fontana Farms became synonymous with the location, which led to Rosena being renamed as Fontana in 1913. Up to Miller’s death in 1941, Fontana remained primarily an agrarian settlement. It was recognized as the town where domesticated animal husbandry of poultry, hog, and rabbit played a particularly important role in the local economy (Schuiling, 1984:102). During World War II, however, the establishment of the Kaiser Steel Mill initiated an alteration of this agrarian setting. With further industrial enterprises moving into the area, Fontana became known as a center of heavy industry, a characterization that lasted until recent years (Schuiling, 1984:106). The Kaiser Steel Mill ceased operations in 1983. In response to demand for affordable housing, Fontana, like many other cities in the San Bernardino Valley became a “bedroom community” for the more developed cities of Los Angeles and western San Bernardino and Riverside counties. Fontana’s progression from its agricultural roots to an industrial center and a suburban residential community represents a prominent and characteristic trend in the history of the region. Historical maps and aerial photographs reflect similar trends in the growth of the project area as well as nearby neighborhoods. The land along Santa Ana Avenue that was primarily agricultural fields was recast with notable industrial development between 1967 and 1994. During the post-WWII era, agriculture gave way to suburban development as residential neighborhoods and light industry gradually spread over former farmlands (NETR Online, 2021: 1968, 2016). 2.2.3.3 Project Site Land Use History Historical aerial photos are available for Fontana, the earliest dating to 1938. These photos show open space at the project site from 1938 through 2018. By 1938 it can be seen there were patches of orchards to the southwest of the project site and an unknown crop being grown within the project boundary. Several dirt roads appear adjacent to the west and nearby the project area by 1959. The dirt road running along the west side of the project boundary was later known as Summit Avenue. Agricultural activity to the southwest of the project area was discontinued starting in 1966, and lands surrounding the project site were mainly left untouched from 1966 to 1995. By 2002 a sizeable residential housing area could be seen to the southwest of the project location while lands in the other directions were left open areas. Two large industrial/commercial buildings were built on the north and south sides of the project boundary with large parking lots filled with truck trailers in the 2016 aerial photo (NETR Online, 2021: 1938-2016). The available USGS topographic maps for this area start in 1896. The 1896 through 1948 topographic maps indicated open flat land throughout the project area, and what later was to become Sierra Avenue on the west side of the project site was marked as a north/south oriented dirt road (USGS, 1896,1948). Summit Avenue along the south edge of the project suite first appeared on the 1955 map indicated as a dirt road, while Sierra Avenue was then in use as a paved secondary highway (USGS, 1955). Lands around the project boundary remained in agricultural use at this time, and a portion of land to the southwest of the project site was indicated as an orchard. By 1968, however, the agricultural fields surrounding the project site had been removed, and the land was left unoccupied through 1999 (USGS, 1968, 1999). By 2012, the area to the southwest of the project was converted into residential housing, and Summit Avenue and Sierra Avenue had been reconfigured as paved light-duty roads (USGS, 2012). ❖ RESEARCH METHODS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 3-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 3.0 RESEARCH METHODS The cultural resources inventory and related archival research included a background cultural resources records check (archival research) at the SCCIC, California State University, Fullerton. Additionally, a SLF search was requested from the NAHC. A pedestrian survey of the project was also conducted. 3.1 Records Search A cultural resource records search was conducted by the SCCIC staff on November 5, 2021. That research was completed to identify cultural resources on or near the project site. The CHRIS local center for San Bernardino County maintained at the SCCIC was reviewed to identify resources that have been previously evaluated for historic significance, as well as to identify any previous completed cultural resources survey reports. Also searched and reviewed were the official records and maps for cultural resources and surveys in Fontana, National Register of Historic Places; Listed Properties and Determined Eligible Properties (2012), and the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) (2012). For the current study, the scope of the records search included a half-mile buffer zone from the project’s footprint (see Attachment A, Figure 3). The research effort was completed to assess the sensitivity of the project site for both surface and subsurface cultural resources and to assist in determining the potential to encounter such resources, especially prehistoric—i.e., Native American—cultural remains, during earth-moving activities associated with construction of the proposed project. 3.2 Field Survey On October 12, 2021, archaeologist Stephen O’Neil visited the project site to conduct a pedestrian survey. During the survey, all visible ground surface at the project site was carefully inspected for any indication of human activities dating to the prehistoric or historic periods (i.e., 50 years or older). 3.3 Native American Heritage Commission and Sacred Lands File On August 19, 2021, Mr. O’Neil contacted the NAHC via email notifying them of the project activities and requested a search of their SLF. The NAHC replied on September 8, 2021 (Attachment C). ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 4.0 FINDINGS 4.1 Records Search 4.1.1 Recorded Archaeological Sites Based on the cultural resources’ records search, it was determined that no cultural resources have been previously recorded within the project site boundary. Within the one-half-mile buffer zone, there are 11 recorded historic-era cultural resources. (CA-SBR-8647, a lithic reduction station included in the records search by the SCCIC, is seen to actually be site in the Mojave Desert on Fort Irwin approximately 80 miles to the north.) Summit Avenue which meets the southwest corner of the project, and Sierra Avenue which runs along the west edge of the project suite, have been recorded as CA-SBR-11512H and CA-SBR-11513H respectively; they are noted as appearing in the 1901 USGS quadrangle maps dirt roads, but they have subsequently lost their rural setting and been widened and paved (Goodwin 2002a and 2002b). Table 4.1-1 summarizes these resources. Table 4.1-1 KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCE WITHIN A 0.5-MILE RADIUS OF THE PROJECT BOUNDARY Site Number Author(s) Date Type Description CA-SBR-008647, 36- 008647 Giacomini, B. 1996 Prehistoric Seven small flaking station of chert core cobble with cores and flakes, also granite, quartz and metavolcanic stone. (This site is incorrectly plotted in the project area; actually, located on Fort Irwin in the Mojave Desert approximately 80 miles to the north.) CA-SBR-00896H,36- 008696 Vargas, Benjamin Austerman, G. 1997 2006 Historic The Rialto Munitions Bunker Complex, this is a World War II-era military munitions storage depot established at the beginning of the war in December 1941. There were numerous bunkers to store munitions, railroad spurs, roads and infrastructure. Approximately 13 bunkers still existed in 1997. CA-SBR-008698, 36-008698 Sinopoli, C. McKenna, Jeanette A. 1997 2002 Historic The Dog Family Road, an east/west dirt road now paralleled by Casa Grande Street that appears in 1938 and 1955 aerial photos. It led to the Dog Family House; possibly constructed as part of the Grapeland Irrigation District which began in the1890s. ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Site Number Author(s) Date Type Description CA-SBR-011505H, 36-011505 Hathaway and McKenna Goodwin, R. 1987 2002 Historic Stone remnants of a crude homestead including a collapsed small cabin and multi-enclosure dry-laid fieldstone corral. Approximately 300 feet north of Summit Avenue. CA-SBR-011507H, 36-011507 Goodwin, Riordan 1987 Historic A three-loci refuse scatter composed on 1930s-1960s beverage cans, bottle glass and other debris. It does not appear associated with any other sites or features. CA-SBR-011508H, 36-011508 Reynolds, Robert 2002 Historic A north/south dirt road north of Summit Avenue that appears on the 1901 USGS topo map, on alignment with the modern Cypress Avenue. CA-SBR-011509H, 36-011509 Reynolds, Robert 2002 Historic An abandoned north/south dirt road that does not appear on historic maps, north of Summit Avenue. CA-SBR-011510H, 36-011510 Reynolds, Robert 2002 Historic A northeast/southwest oriented dirt road that appear on the 1901 USGS topo map, north of Summit Avenue. CA-SBR-011511H, 36-011511 Reynolds, Robert 2002 Historic A northeast/southwest oriented dirt road that appear on the 1901 USGS topo map, north of Summit Avenue and approximately 800 feet west of Sierra Avenue. Possibly abandoned when in the mid- 1930s after Summit Avenue was extended east to Sierra Avenue. CA-SBR-011512H, H36-011512 Goodwin, Riordan 2002a Historic Summit Avenue; dirt road on 1901 USGS topo map, but since widened, paved, and has lost its rural setting. CA-SBR-011513H, 36-011513 Goodwin, Riordan 2002b Historic Sierra Avenue; dirt road on 1901 USGS topo map, but since widened, paved, and has lost its rural setting. ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Site Number Author(s) Date Type Description CA-SBR-021495H, H36-021495 Harvey, Victoria 2010 Historic A setoff expedient cobble planters including concrete debris slabs and lumber; consists of six features including a fire pit. No associated habitation structures. Approximately 200 meters east of Sierra Avenue. Possibly mid- twentieth century. 4.1.2 Previous Cultural Resource Investigations According to the records at the SCCIC, there have been 18 previous cultural resource studies within portions of the one-half-mile buffer of the project (Table 4.1-2) (See Attachment D). One of these studies covers the project boundary, SB-2621 (Alexandrowicz et al., 1992). This was a survey of the North Fontana Infrastructure Area, a 12,800 area that extends west from Mango Road immediately east of the project site, and over a broad area to south, west and north. This survey did not record any archaeological sites in the area of the project boundary. Table 4.1-2 KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCE STUDIES WITHIN A HALF-MILE RADIUS OF THE PROJECT BOUNDARY Report Number Author(s) Date Title Resources SB-01407 Anicic, Jr., John Charles 1983 Historical Brief on Grapeland, Sierra Heights Development SB-01611 Bissell, Ronald M. 1986 A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of the La Cuesta Property, Fontana, San Bernardino County, California 36-006588 SB-01611 Raschke, Rod 1986 Assessment of the Paleontological Resources for the La Cuesta Specific Plan, Fontana, California SB-01737 Hathaway, Roger G. And Jeanette A. McKenna 1987 Determination of Eligibility Report for the La Cuesta Property: Historical, Architectural and Archaeological Resources 36-011505 SB-01751 De Barros, Philip 1987 Cultural Resources Survey and Assessment of Tentative Tract 13639, Northwest Rialto Specific Plan, City of Rialto, San Bernardino County, California 36-006109, 36-006110, 36-006111, 36-006112 ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-4 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Report Number Author(s) Date Title Resources SB-01847 Schneider, Joan S. 1989 A Report of the Archaeological Monitoring of Brush-Removal Operations on Tract 13780, of Master Tract 13639, Known as Las Colinas, City of Rialto, County of San Bernardino, California 36-006111 SB-01983 McKenna, Jeanette A. 1989 Historical and Archaeological Investigations of the La Cuesta/Sierra Lakes Tree Relocation Project Area, Phases 2, 3, 4, and 5, Fontana, San Bernardino County, California SB-02064 McKenna, Jeanette A. 1990 Historical and Archaeological Investigations of the La Cuesta/Sierra Lakes Tree Relocation Project Area Phase 6, Fontana, San Bernardino County, California 36-006583, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006587, 36-006588, 36-006589 SB-02096 McKenna, Jeanette A. 1990 Phase II Investigations: Historic Documentation and Archaeological Test Excavations of Sites Within the La Cuesta/Sierra Lakes Tree Relocation Project Area, Fontana, San Bernardino County, California 36-006583, 36-006584, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006588, 36-006589 SB-02621 Alexandrowicz, J. Steven, Anne Q. Duffield-Stoll, Jeanette A. McKenna, Susan R. Alexandrowicz, Arthur A. Kuhner, And Eric Scott 1992 Cultural and Paleontological Resources Investigations Within the North Fontana Infrastructure Area, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California 36-004296, 36-006110, 36-006111, 36-006251, 36-006583, 36-006584, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006587, 36-006588, 36-006589, 36-006807, 36-006808, 36-006809, 36-006810, 36-006811, 36-006812, 36-006813, 36-006814, 36-006815, 36-006816 ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-5 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Report Number Author(s) Date Title Resources SB-03634 Cotterman, Cary 1998 Historic Structures Evaluation of WWII Ordinance Storage Igloos in Support of the Mid- Valley Landfill Expansion, Rialto, San Bernardino County, Ca. 41pp 36-008696 SB-04012 Dahdul, Miriam 2002 Historical/Archaeological Report: West San Bernardino County Water District Zones 6 & 7 Reservoir & Waterline Improvements & Installation in & Near the City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, Ca. 21pp 36-006589, 36-006699, 36-015376 SB-04016 Macko, Michael 1997 Historical, Archaeological & Paleontological Assessment of The Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill Expansion, San Bernardino County, Ca. 39pp 36-008696, 36-008697, 36-008698 SB-04017 McKenna, Jeanette A. 2002 A Phase I Cultural Resource Investigation of the North Rialto Warehouse Distribution Center Project Area, City Of Rialto, San Bernardino County, Ca. 66pp 36-008697, 36-008698 SB-04020 McKenna, Jeanette A. 1996 Historic Documentation & Archaeological Test Excavations of Historic Archaeological Sites Within the Sierra Lakes Tree Location Project Area, Fontana, San Bernardino County, Ca. 596pp 36-006583, 36-006584, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006587, 36-006588, 36-006589 SB-04022 McKenna, Jeanette A. 1999 Report Of Archaeological Monitoring Activities at the Sierra Lakes Project Site, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, Ca. 129pp 36-006583, 36-006584, 36-006585, 36-006586, 36-006587, 36-006588, 36-006589 SB-06986 Glover, Amy And Sherri Gust 2010 Phase I Resources Assessment Report for the Falcon Ridge Substation Project in the Cities of Fontana and Rialto, San Bernardino County, California. SB-08104 Brunzell, David 2014 Cultural Resources Assessment Sierra and Summit Project, Phase II (42.3 Acres) Fontana, San Bernardino County, California ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-6 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 4.2 Native American Outreach On August 19, 2021, Mr. O’Neil contacted the NAHC via email notifying them of the project, requesting a search of their SLF. The results of the search request were received September 8, 2021, at the office of UltraSystems from Mr. Andrew Green, Cultural Resources Analyst. The NAHC letter stated that “A record search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF) was completed for the information submitted for the above referenced project. The results were positive [emphasis in the original]. Please contact the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation on the attached list for information.” (See Attachment C.) UEI prepared letters to each of the 18 tribal contacts representing 12 tribal organizations describing the project and a map showing the project's location, requesting a reply if they have knowledge of cultural resources in the area, and asking if they had any questions or concerns regarding the project. On September 8, 2021, Mr. O’Neil mailed the letters with accompanying maps to all 18 tribal contacts, and also emailed identical letters and maps to each of the tribal contacts for which email addresses were known (17) (see Attachment C). There have been four responses to the letters and emails to date. An email response was received the Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation’s Admin Specials, on behalf of Chairperson Salas September 20, 2021, requesting the lead agency’s contact information; this information was provided on September 27, 2021. An email response was received from Ms. Conley, Tribal Consultant and Administrator for the Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council, on behalf of Chairperson Dorame, on September 28, 2021 stating that “this area is culturally sensitive with respect to Native American resources and will require a monitor for all ground disturbances.” The Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation’s Historic Preservation Officer, Jill McCormick on September 17, 2021, replied with an email indicating that the tribe has no comments on this project, deferring to more local Tribes and that Quechan will support their decisions on the project. An email response was received from Ryan Nordness of the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians’ cultural resources department on September 21, 2021 indicating that the project is not located near any Serrano villages, SLF sites or archaeological sites. Another email from Nordness was also received on October 5, 2021 providing potential mitigation measures; this was withdrawn following a reply from O’Neil indicating that the current outreach was for a cultural resources study and not part of AB 52 consultation. The letter and email to the San Manuel Reservation on September 17, 2021, describing project and requesting input on concerns also indicated that the NAHC had suggested contacting San Manuel for information on the noted SLF site; this statement was reiterated in O’Neil’s email of October 5, 2021 to R. Nordness; there was no reply to this topic. Following up on the initial letter and email contacts, telephone calls were conducted on November 5, 2021, to complete the outreach process. These calls were to the nine tribal contacts who had not responded to UEI mailing and email. Six telephone calls were placed with no answer and so messages were left describing the project and requesting a response. These were to Chairperson Anthony Morales, Chairperson of the Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians; Chairperson Sandonne Goad, Chairperson of the Gabrielino/Tongva Nation; Ann Brierty, THPO of the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, Robert Martin, Chairperson of the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, Wayne Walker, Co-Chairperson of the Serrano Nation of Mission Indians, and Mark Cochrane, Co- Chairperson of the Serrano Nation of Mission Indians. A call to Tribal Chair Lovina Redner of the Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians, resulted in no one answering the tribal office line and no ability ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-7 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 to leave a message. There have been no further responses from these tribes to date (see Attachment C). During the telephone calls of November 5, 2021, Mr. Charles Alvarez of the Gabrieleno-Tongva Tribe, answered, stating that he will need to check with the tribal staff member who reviews the outreach letters the tribe receives to learn if he has a response to provide; this call was made the same afternoon but there was no answer, a message was left. Mr. Alvarez also requested that we call him back that afternoon. Joseph Ontiveros, of the Cultural Resource Department of Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians indicated that the tribe defers all comments concerning this project to the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians. 4.3 Pedestrian Survey Results A pedestrian survey was conducted on October 12, 2021 by Mr. O’Neil. The survey consisted of walking, visually inspecting, and photographing the exposed ground surface of the project site using standard archaeological procedures and techniques. The project parcel consists of open flat land gently sloping to the south (Figure 4.1-1). The site was surveyed using ten-meter wide transects starting from the southwest corner near the intersection of Summit Avenue and Sierra Avenue, walking in east/west transects. This method was used until the entire surface of the project site had been observed, ending in the northeast corner of the parcel. The surface consists of soil dominated by large grained sand, pebbles, rocks and small boulders (Figure 4.1-2). There is light vegetation throughout the project site, dominated by the non-native tumble weeds (Salsola tragus), Beach Bur (Ambrosia chamissonis) and dry non-native grass in the western third of the area, and dominated by creosote (Larrea tridentata) shrubs and other native plants such as desert croton (Croton californicus), jimson weed (Datura inoxia) and buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) in the eastern two-thirds. There are mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia) shrubs, a native plant, along portions of the north edge, but these appear to be present due to a constant water source from the adjacent irrigated landscaping on the property at the northern boundary. The only animal observed was a single coyote crossing the property from north to south. The surface appears intact, and probably was not disturbed by agriculture in the past. It does have signs of being lightly surface scraped within the past year or so by the appearance of rocks being moved (Figure 4.1-4), while creosote shrubs in the same patch are still rooted in the ground but flattened. The light scattering of vegetation did not obscure the ground surface. This allowed 100% visibility throughout the project site (Figure 4.1-4). The result of the pedestrian survey was negative for remaining historic and prehistoric cultural resources. Photographs of the project site were taken during the cultural resources survey. ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-8 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Figure 4.1-1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT SITE GROUND SURFACE, VEGETATION AND SLOPE TO THE SOUTH; VIEW TO THE EAST FROM WEST EDGE AT SIERRA AVENUE ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-9 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Figure 4.1-2 GROUND SURFACE SHOWING ROCKS FROM ALLUVIAL DEPOSITION ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-10 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Figure 4.1-3 VIEW ACROSS PROJECT SITE TO RESIDENCES TO THE WEST, INDUSTRIAL BUILDING TO THE NORTH, AND SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS IN BACKGROUND; VIEW TO THE NORTHWEST ❖ FINDINGS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-11 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Figure 4.1-3 ROCK ROWS CREATED BY SURFACE GRADING; VIEW TO THE EAST ❖ MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 4-12 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Figure 4.1-4 VIEW ACROSS PROJECT SITE TO RESIDENCES TO THE WEST, INDUSTRIAL BUILDING TO THE NORTH, AND SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS IN BACKGROUND; VIEW TO THE NORTHWEST ❖ MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 5-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 5.0 MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS 5.1 Site Evaluation Criteria Evaluation of significance under CEQA uses criteria found in eligibility descriptions from the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR). Generally, a resource is to be considered historically significant if it meets the criteria for listing in the California Register [Public Resources Code § 5024.1; California Code of Regulations § 15064.5(a)(3)]. These criteria provide that a resource may be listed as potentially significant if it: • Is associated with the events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California history and cultural heritage. • Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past. • Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic value. • Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. 5.2 Potential Effects No sites on the CRHR are located within or near the project boundary. No cultural resources will be adversely affected by the project. However, the presence of buried cultural (prehistoric and/or historic archaeological) resources cannot be ruled out. If prehistoric and/or historic artifacts are observed during subsurface excavation, work should be stopped in that area and a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor should be on-call to assess the finds. ❖ CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 6-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS No prehistoric or historic archaeologic resources were identified during the pedestrian field survey of the project. The SCCIC records search indicate no prehistoric sites within the half-mile buffer zone surrounding the project boundary. Historical records indicate that the project site was surrounded by had been open orchards up through the 1960s with no structures present. The cultural resources study findings suggest that there is a low potential for finding additional resources. Therefore, it is not recommended that an archaeological monitor be present during ground-disturbing activities. However, if prehistoric and/or historic items are observed during subsurface activities, work should be stopped in that area and a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor be retained to assess the findings and retrieve the material. If human remains are encountered during excavations associated with this project, work will halt in that area and the San Bernardino County Coroner will be notified (§ 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code). The Coroner will determine whether the remains are of recent human origin or older Native American ancestry. If the coroner, with the aid of the supervising archaeologist, determines that the remains are prehistoric, they will contact the NAHC. The NAHC will be responsible for designating the most likely descendant (MLD), who will make recommendations as to the manner for handling these remains and further provide for the disposition of the remains, as required by § 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code. Following notification by the NAHC, the MLD will make these recommendations within 48 hours of having access to the project site following notification by the NAHC. These recommendations may include scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials (§ 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code). ❖ REFERENCES ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 7-1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 7.0 REFERENCES Alexandrowicz, J. Stephen, Anne Q. Duffield, Jeanette A. McKenna, Susan R. Alexandrowicz, Arthur A. Kuhner and Eric Scott 1992 Cultural and Paleontological Resources Investigations with the North Fontana Infrastructure Area, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. Archaeological Consulting Services Technical Series No. 2. Prepared for: The City of Fontana, Fontana, California. Prepared by: Archaeological Consulting Services, Tustin, California. Anicic, John Charles, Jr. 2005 Images of America: Fontana. Arcadia Publishing, San Francisco and Chicago. Basgall, Mark E., and D.L. True 1985 Archaeological Investigations in Crowder Canyon, 1973-1984: Excavations at Sites SBR-421B, SBR-421C, SBR-421D, and SBR-713, San Bernardino County, California. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. Bean, Lowell John, and Charles R. Smith 1978a Gabrielino. In Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8, California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 538-549. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 1978b Serrano. In Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8, California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 570-574. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Beck, Warren A., and Ynez D. Haase 1974 Historical Atlas of California. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma. Chartkoff, Joseph L., and Kerry Kona Chartkoff 1984 The Archaeology of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. Dumke, Glenn S. 1944 The Boom of the Eighties. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. Engelhardt, Zephyrin, O.F.M. 1931 San Gabriel Mission and the Beginnings of Los Angeles. Franciscan Herald Press, Chicago. Goodman, John D. 2002 Archaeological Survey of the Charter Communications Cable Project, Mountaintop Ranger District, San Bernardino National Forest, California. San Bernardino National Forest Technical Report 05-12-BB-102. San Bernardino, California. Goodman, John D., II, and M. McDonald 2001 Archaeological Survey of the Southern California Trails Association Event Area, Little Pine Flats, Mountaintop Ranger District, San Bernardino National Forest, California. San Bernardino National Forest Technical Report 05-12-BB-106. San Bernardino, California. Goodwin, Riordan 2002a Primary Record for 36-011512 (CA-SBR-011512H). Summit Avenue, LSA-JWM2390-S-7. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. ❖ REFERENCES ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 7-2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 2002b Primary Record for 36-011513 (CA-SBR-011513H). Sierra Avenue, LSA-JWM2390-S-8. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. Grenda, Donn 1993 Archaeological Treatment Plan for CA-RIV-2798/H, Lake Elsinore, Riverside County, California. On file at Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1997 Continuity and Change: 8,500 Years of Lacustrine Adaptation on the Shores of Lake Elsinore. Statistical Research Technical Series 59. Statistical Research, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. Howard, W. J., and L. M. Raab 1993 Olivella Grooved Rectangle Beads as Evidence of an Early Period Southern California Channel Island Interaction Sphere. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 29(3):1-11. Horne, Melinda C., and Dennis P. McDougall 2008 CA-RIV-6069: Early Archaic Settlement and Subsistence in the San Jacinto Valley, Western Riverside County, California. On file at Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Keller, Jean S., Jean Salpas, and Daniel F. McCarthy 1989 Data Recovery at the Cole Canyon Site (CA-RIV-1139), Riverside County, California. Pacific Coast Archeological Society Quarterly 25(1):1-89. Kroeber, Alfred 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78, Washington, D.C. Lerch, Michael K., and Arda M. Haenszel 1981 Life on Cottonwood Row. Heritage Tales 1981:33-71. Fourth Annual Publication of the City of San Bernardino Historical Society, San Bernardino, California. McCawley, William 1996 The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. Malki Museum Press, Banning, California/Ballena Press, Novato, California. Milburn, Doug, U.K. Doan, and John D. Goodman II 2008 Archaeological Investigation at Baldy Mesa-Cajon Divide for the Baldy Mesa Off-Highway- Vehicle Recreation Trails Project, San Bernardino National Forest, San Bernardino County, California. San Bernardino National Forest Technical Report 05-12-53-091. San Bernardino, California. Morton, Douglas M. and Jonathan C. Matti 2001 Geologic Map Of The Devore 7.5' Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California. United States Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, California Geological Survey. NETR Online 2021 Aerial photographs of the project vicinity, taken in 1938, 1959, 1966, 1995, 2002, and 2016. http://www.historicaerials.com. Accessed September 27, 2021. ❖ REFERENCES ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Page 7-3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 O’Connell, James F., Philip J. Wilke, Thomas F. King, and Carol L. Mix (editors.) 1974 Perris Reservoir Archaeology: Late Prehistoric Demographic Change in Southeastern California. California Department of Parks and Recreation Archaeological Report 14. Sacramento, California. Porcasi, Judith F. 1998 Middle Holocene Ceramic Technology on the Southern California Coast: New Evidence from Little Harbor, Santa Catalina Island. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 20:270-284. Schuiling, Walter C. 1984 San Bernardino County: Land of Contrasts. Windsor Publications, Woodland Hills, California. USGS (United States Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior) 1896 San Bernardino, Calif. 7.5’, USGS Quadrangle map. 1948 Fontana, Calif. 7.5’, USGS Quadrangle map. 1955 San Bernardino 7.5’, Calif., USGS Quadrangle map. 1968 Fontana, Calif. 7.5’, USGS Quadrangle map. 1999 Fontana, Calif. 7.5’, USGS Quadrangle map. 2012 Fontana, Calif. 7.5’, USGS Quadrangle map. Warren, Claude N. 1984 The Desert Region. In Michael J. Moratto (ed.), California Archaeology, pp. 339-430. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ATTACHMENTS ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ATTACHMENT A PROJECT MAPS ❖ ATTACHMENTS❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment A, Page 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Figure 5 PROJECT REGIONAL LOCATION MAP ❖ ATTACHMENTS❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment A, Page 2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Figure 6 PROJECT LOCATION ❖ ATTACHMENTS❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment A, Page 3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Figure 7 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP WITH APE SHOWN AND HALF-MILE BUFFER ZONE ❖ ATTACHMENTS❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ATTACHMENT B PERSONNEL BACKGROUND ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment B, Page 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Stephen O’Neil, M.A., RPA Cultural Resources Manager, Cultural Anthropology/Archaeology Education ▪ M.A., Anthropology (Ethnography emphasis), California State University, Fullerton, CA, 2002 ▪ B.A., Anthropology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 1979 Professional and Institutional Affiliations ▪ California Mission Studies Association ▪ City of Laguna Beach Environmental Sustainability Committee, appointed 2012 ▪ Orange County Natural History Museum; Board Member ▪ Pacific Coast Archaeological Society; Board Member and Past President ▪ Society for California Archaeology Professional Registrations and Licenses ▪ Register of Professional Archaeologists (No. 16104) (current) ▪ Riverside County, CA, Cultural Resource Consultant (No. 259) (current) ▪ Cultural Resource Field Director, BLM Permit (CA-13-19) – California, 2013 ▪ NEPA and CEQ Consultation for Environmental Professionals; course by the National Association of Environmental Professionals, 2013 Professional Experience Mr. O'Neil has 30 years of experience as a cultural anthropologist in California. He has researched and written on archaeology, ethnography, and history. Mr. O'Neil has archaeological experience in excavation, survey, monitoring, and lab work. Most of this has been on Native American prehistoric sites, but also includes Spanish, Mexican, and American period adobe sites. His supervisory experience includes excavation and survey crew chief and project director of an adobe house excavation. He has a wide range of expertise in Phase I & II Environmental Site Assessments, archaeological resource assessment surveys, salvage operations, and cultural background studies for various EIR projects. Mr. O'Neil has worked for cultural resource management firms as well as government agencies and Native American entities. He has prepared technical reports as well as published journal articles. Select project experience Inglewood Avenue Corridor Widening Project, City of Lawndale, Los Angeles County, CA: 2013- 2014 Mr. O’Neil directed and conducted archaeological field survey, cultural resource records search, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. The City of Lawndale is widening Inglewood Avenue from Marine Avenue north. The project uses Caltrans funds and the cultural resources report was prepared in Caltrans format. A separate historic properties report was prepared as well. Prepared for Huitt-Zollars Engineering. Via Ballena Storm Drain Relocation, City of San Clemente, Orange County, CA: 2013 Mr. O’Neil directed and conducted archaeological field survey, cultural resource records search, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. This residential area has a damaged ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment B, Page 2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 storm drain under Via Ballena that was causing earth movement and erosion. The requirements for state funding, and cultural resources inventory report was required. Prepared for the City of San Clemente. Pine Canyon Road – Three Points Road to Lake Hughes Road, Los Angeles County, CA: 2013 Mr. O’Neil directed and conducted archaeological field survey, cultural resource records search, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. This nine-mile portion of Pine Canyon Road lies partially within the Angeles National Forest. A series of widening and culvert repairs is planned by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (LACDPW). An assessment was made of possible cultural resources, historic and prehistoric that may be affected by the construction, and four historic sites were recorded. Prepared for LACDPW. Alton Parkway Extension Project, Cities of Irvine and Lake Forest, Orange County, CA: 2012 Mr. O’Neil directed and conducted archaeological and paleontological monitoring, archaeological excavation, cultural resource records search, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. Alton Parkway was extended 2.1 miles between the cities of Irvine and Lake Forest. For the portion within the City of Irvine, UltraSystems conducted monitoring and excavation services. One prehistoric site was excavated and reported on; a series of living features were discovered and also reported. The final monitoring report described the paleontological and archaeological findings. A separate technical report on the archaeological excavations was also prepared. Mr. O’Neil directed research into historic and prehistoric background and prepared the final assessment of potential impacts. Prepared for the Orange County Department of Public Works. NEPA and CEQA Documentation, Los Angeles Regional Interoperable Communications System (LA-RICS), Los Angeles County, CA: 2011-2014 Mr. O’Neil is part of the UltraSystems team currently preparing technical studies and NEPA and CEQA documentation toward the construction of LA-RICS, an $800-million emergency communications system due to be operational in 2016. LA-RICS will provide a highly-coordinated emergency communications system to all first responders to natural and man-made disasters throughout Los Angeles County. Mr. O’Neil is the cultural and historical resources studies team leader, directing five researchers. These studies include coordination of field visits to all 260-plus locations for an archaeologist and/or an architectural historian with agency escorts to observe and record any onsite prehistoric and historic features, performing records and literature searches at archaeology information centers and local archives, contacting local agencies for historically listed structures and districts, coordinate public notices of the project throughout Los Angeles County, consultation with the NAHC and all local tribal organizations, and direct consultation with the California State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO). This information was compiled by Mr. O’Neil and is used to prepare FCC historical resource forms which were submitted to the SHPO for review. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment B, Page 3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Megan B. Doukakis, M.A. Archaeological Technician Education ▪ M.A. Public Archaeology, California State University, Northridge, 2012–2018 ▪ B.A., Anthropology, California State University, Long Beach, 2011 ▪ University of California, Los Angeles - Pimu Catalina Archaeological Field School, 2010 ▪ International Scholar Laureate Program: Delegation on Anthropology and Archaeology in China, 2009 ▪ Earthwatch Institute, “Unearthing Mallorca’s Past” archaeological excavation, Mallorca, Spain, 2005 Professional and Institutional Affiliations ▪ Phi Kappa Phi National Honor Society, 2011 ▪ Sigma Alpha Lambda, National Leadership and Honor Organization, 2010 ▪ Society for California Archaeology Membership 2012–2015 Professional Experience Mrs. Doukakis has worked in the field of cultural resource management for seven years at environmental firms. Before this Mrs. Doukakis had participated in multiple field schools in Southern California and abroad. She has experience in survey, excavation, laboratory work, and information searches. Mrs. Doukakis holds the title of Archaeological Technician at UltraSystems Environmental. Prior to this, she completed a CRM internship at UltraSystems. These positions have provided her with the opportunity to contribute to proposals, final reports, project scheduling, archaeological record searches and paleontological, archaeological and Native American monitor organizing for projects. Select project experience Results of the Condition Assessment, Site Monitoring, and Effects Treatment Plan (CASMET) Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, San Diego County, CA Client: Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Duration: 5/11 to 9/11 Mrs. Doukakis conducted survey and excavation for the USMC Base Camp Pendleton condition assessment project. Areas were tested around Camp Pendleton for the presence and condition of cultural material previously recorded. She also conducted laboratory work and curation for the material collected within excavations. Mrs. Doukakis contributed to the final report with background records searches and prehistoric and historic background writing for the report. Archaeological Excavation Results Report for the Alton Parkway Extension Project, Orange County, CA Client: Orange County Department of Public Works; Contract: $357,170, 10/10 to 6/12 Mrs. Doukakis participated in the Alton Parkway project, City of Irvine, Orange County, CA. She was responsible for cleaning and cataloging the artifacts recovered from the excavation and surface collections. She also contributed to the final report by compiling the historical background information. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment B, Page 4 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Identification and Evaluation of Historic Properties ADA Wheelchair Access Ramp Improvement Project, City of Lake Forest, Orange County, CA Client: City of Lake Forest/Penco, Contract: $2,981.62, Duration: 6/12 to 7/12 Mrs. Doukakis contributed to the cultural resource records search, field survey, Native American contacts and report writing for this project. This residential area required wheelchair access ramps on every corner in this neighborhood. An assessment of the possible cultural resources that may be affected with this construction was made for the City of Lake Forest. Mrs. Doukakis contributed the historic and prehistoric background, and the assessment of the possible resources in the area. Tenaska Solar Projects Imperial Solar Energy Center–South; Imperial Solar Energy Center– West; and Wistaria Ranch, Imperial County, CA Client: Tenaska/CSOLAR Development, Contract: $3,441,809, 10/13 to 8/15. Mrs. Doukakis conducted Native American contacts for field monitoring, coordinated with subcontractors to initiate cultural and paleontological field surveys, for the several solar energy projects being handled by UltraSystems Environmental in the El Centro area, Imperial County, CA. She contributed different parts of the survey report and monitoring program documents, including historic and prehistoric background, editorial review. At ISEC- West, Mrs. Doukakis was responsible for contacting and organizing Tribal monitors for this project. She contacted tribal organizations and inquired about their interest in providing tribal monitors for this project. directly organized with Native American groups to sign agreements, and fill out tax paperwork. She was also responsible for organizing and keeping track of and gathering field log from monitors from six tribal groups. She also recovered previously recorded artifacts in the field before the start of the project. NEPA and CEQA Documentation, Los Angeles Regional Interoperable Communications System -Long Term Evolution, Los Angeles County, CA Client: LARICS Joint Powers Authority, Contract: $3,051,312, 1/12 to 1/15. UltraSystems’ team prepared technical studies and NEPA and CEQA documentation toward the construction of LA-RICS-LTE, an $800-million emergency communications system that will provide a highly coordinated emergency communications system to all first-responders to natural and man-made disasters throughout Los Angeles County. For this project Mrs. Doukakis conducted record searches at the South Central Coastal Information Center for the Department of Commerce on over 300 project sites throughout the County of Los Angeles. She helped prepare letters to the NAHC and tribal organizations associated with the project area. Mrs. Doukakis contributed to contacting, organizing, and scheduling architectural historians to conduct historical research around the project areas. Letters were written for contact to local agencies and cities. A public notice was constructed and published in three local newspapers. Mrs. Doukakis also constructed hundreds of Federal Communications Commission 620 and 621 forms for submission to California State Historic Preservation Office. Newton Canyon Monitoring Project, CA Client: County of Los Angeles Department of Public Works, Contract: $2,930.00, Duration: 7/13 to 12/13 Mrs. Doukakis was an archaeological monitor for this project. She monitored all ground disturbing activities as well as lightly surveying the area for cultural material. Mrs. Doukakis also conducted the records center research at the South Central Coastal Information Center at CSUF. Through email, letter, and telephone correspondence, Mrs. Doukakis contacted the NAHC and associated tribal groups. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ATTACHMENT C NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION RECORDS SEARCH ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 4 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 5 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 6 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 7 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 8 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 9 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 10 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 11 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 12 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 13 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 14 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 15 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 16 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 17 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 18 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 19 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 20 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 21 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 22 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 23 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Fontana Warehouse at Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave Project, City of Fontana, San Bernardino County, California. [UEI #7106] Native American Contact Log Name Tribe/ Affiliation Letter Contacts E-mail Contacts Telephone Contact Comments Andrew Green, Cultural Resource Analyst Native American Heritage Commission N/A September 8, 2021 N/A Request for Sacred Lands File search and local Native American repre- sentatives contact information. Andrew Salas, Chairperson Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians - Kiz h Nation September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. An email response was received the tribal Admin Specialist September 20, 2021, requesting the lead agency’s contact information. This information was provided on September 27, 2021. Anthony Morales, Chairperson Gabrieleno/ Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 Telephone call made November 5, 2021 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. A phone call was made November 5, 2021. There was no answer, and a message was left. There has been no response to date. Sandonne Goad, Chairperson Gabrielino /Tongva Nation September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 Telephone call made November 5, 2021 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. A phone call was made November 5, 2021. There was no answer, and a message was left. There has been no response to date. Robert Dorame, Chairperson Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. See response from Christina Conley below on behalf of the tribe. Christina Conley, Tribal Consultant and Administrato r Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. An email response was received from Ms. Conley on September 28, 2021 stating that “this area is culturally sensitive with respect to Native American resources and will require a monitor for all ground disturbances.” ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Name Tribe/ Affiliation Letter Contacts E-mail Contacts Telephone Contact Comments Charles Alvarez, Councilmem ber Gabrielino - Tongva Tribe September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 Telephone call made November 5, 2021 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. A phone call was made November 5, 2021. Mr. Alvarez indicated that he will check with the tribal staff member who reviews these letters and requested that we call him back later today. There was no answer, and a message was left. There has been no response to date. Ann Brierty, THPO Morongo Band of Mission Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 Telephone call made November 5, 2021 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. A phone call was made November 5, 2021. There was no answer, and a message was left. There has been no response to date. Robert Martin, Chairperson Morongo Band of Mission Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 Telephone call made November 5, 2021 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. A phone call was made November 5, 2021. There was no answer, and a message was left. There has been no response to date. Jeff Grubbe, Chairperson Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians September 17, 2021 No email provided N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. An email response was received from Lacy Padilla, tribal Archaeologist on September 20, 2021, indicating that the tribe will defer to other tribes in the area. An email response from Arysa Gonzales Romero, Tribal Historic Resources Technician, on October 1, 2021 stated that the project was not in the tribe’s Traditional Use Area, and therefore they will defer to other tribes in the area. Patricia Garcia- Plotkin, Director Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. See response from L. Padilla and A. G. Romero above on behalf of the tribe. Jessica Mauck, Director of Cultural Resources San Manuel Band of Mission Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. The letter indicated that the NAHC suggested contacting San Manuel for information on the SLF site; this was reiterated in O’Neil’s email of October 5, 2021 to R. Nordness; there was no reply to this topic. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Name Tribe/ Affiliation Letter Contacts E-mail Contacts Telephone Contact Comments An email response was received from Ryan Nordness on September 21, 2021 indicating that the project is not located near any Serrano villages, SLF sites or archaeological sites. Another email from Nordness was also received on October 5, 2021 providing potential mitigation measures; this was withdrawn following a reply from O’Neil indicating that the current outreach was for a cultural resources study and not part of AB 52 consultation. Jill McCormick, Historic Preservation Officer Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 20, 2021. An email was received from Ms. McCormick on September 17, 2021, indicating that the tribe has no comments on this project, and defers to the more local Tribes and will support their decisions on the projects. Manfred Scott, Acting Chairman Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Reservation September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. See response from Jill McCormick above on behalf of the tribe. Lovina Redner, Tribal Chair Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 Telephone call made November 5, 2021 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. A phone call was made November 5, 2021. There was no answer, and no ability to leave a message. There has been no response to date. Mark Cochrane, Co- Chairperson Serrano Nation of Mission Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 Telephone call made November 5, 2021 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. A phone call was made November 5, 2021. There was no answer, and a message was left. There has been no response to date. Wayne Walker, Co- Chairperson Serrano Nation of Mission Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 Telephone call made November 5, 2021 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. A phone call was made November 5, 2021. There was no answer, and a message was left. There has been no response to date. Joseph Ontiveros, Cultural Resource Department Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 Telephone call made November 5, 2021 Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. A phone call was made November 5, 2021. Mr. Ontiveros ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 4 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 Name Tribe/ Affiliation Letter Contacts E-mail Contacts Telephone Contact Comments indicated that the Soboba Band defers to the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians. Isaiah Vivanco, Chairperson Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians September 17, 2021 September 17, 2021 N/A Letter and email describing project and requesting input on concerns was sent September 17, 2021. See response from Joseph Ontiveros above on behalf of the tribe. ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 5 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 6 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 7 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 8 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 9 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 10 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 11 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment C, Page 12 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory November 2021 ATTACHMENT D CHRIS RECORDS SEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment D, Page 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment D, Page 2 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021 ❖ ATTACHMENTS ❖ 7106/ Fontana Warehouse At Sierra Ave. and Summit Ave. Project Attachment D, Page 3 Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory December 2021