HomeMy WebLinkAboutSouthwest Corner Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project AddendumAddendum to the Program Environmental
Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial
Park Specific Plan Update and Annexation
SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond
Avenue Warehouse Project
FEBRUARY 2023
Prepared for:
CITY OF FONTANA
8353 Sierra Avenue
Fontana, California 92335
Contact: George Velarde, Associate Planner
Prepared by:
3615 Main Street, Suite 103
Riverside, California 92024
Contact: Patrick Cruz, Project Manager
Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material.
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Table of Contents
SECTION PAGE
Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. v
1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 California Environmental Quality Act Compliance ................................................................................ 1
1.3 Purpose and Need .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Project Review Background ................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Format and Content of this Addendum ................................................................................................. 3
1.6 Preparation and Processing of this Addendum .................................................................................... 3
1.7 Initial Study Checklist ............................................................................................................................. 4
1.8 Existing Documents to be Incorporated by Reference ............................................................................. 4
1.9 Points of Contact .................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Project Description ............................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Project Location ...................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Environmental Setting ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.3 Project Characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Project Construction and Phasing ...................................................................................................... 10
2.5 Project Approvals ................................................................................................................................. 10
3 Initial Study Checklist........................................................................................................................................ 11
3.1 Aesthetics ............................................................................................................................................ 16
3.2 Agriculture and Forestry Resources ................................................................................................... 21
3.3 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................. 24
3.4 Biological Resources ........................................................................................................................... 46
3.5 Cultural Resources .............................................................................................................................. 54
3.6 Energy .................................................................................................................................................. 60
3.7 Geology and Soils ................................................................................................................................ 64
3.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................................................................................ 71
3.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials ..................................................................................................... 91
3.10 Hydrology and Water Quality ............................................................................................................... 99
3.11 Land Use and Planning ..................................................................................................................... 105
3.12 Mineral Resources ............................................................................................................................ 107
3.13 Noise .................................................................................................................................................. 108
3.14 Population and Housing .................................................................................................................... 120
3.15 Public Services .................................................................................................................................. 122
3.16 Recreation .......................................................................................................................................... 126
3.17 Transportation ................................................................................................................................... 128
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3.18 Tribal Cultural Resources .................................................................................................................. 134
3.19 Utilities and Service Systems ............................................................................................................ 137
3.20 Wildfire ............................................................................................................................................... 142
3.21 Mandatory Findings of Significance ................................................................................................. 145
4 References and Preparers .............................................................................................................................. 149
4.1 References Cited ............................................................................................................................... 149
4.2 List of Preparers ................................................................................................................................ 154
FIGURES
1 Project Location .............................................................................................................................................. 155
2 General Plan Land Use ................................................................................................................................... 157
3 Zoning ............................................................................................................................................................ 159
4 Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Land Use ....................................................................................... 161
5 Site Plan ........................................................................................................................................................... 163
6 Conceptual Elevations .................................................................................................................................... 165
7 Conceptual Rendering .................................................................................................................................... 167
8 Conceptual Landscape Plan ........................................................................................................................... 169
9 Preliminary Stormwater Drainage Plan .......................................................................................................... 171
10 Conceptual Grading Plan ................................................................................................................................ 173
11 Biological Resources ....................................................................................................................................... 175
12 Noise Measurement Locations ...................................................................................................................... 177
TABLES
3.3-1 SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds .................................................................................................. 27
3.3-2 Construction Scenario Assumptions ................................................................................................................ 29
3.3-3 Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Criteria Air Pollutant Emission ....................................................... 29
3.3-4 Estimated Maximum Daily Operation Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions .......................................................... 33
3.3-5 Localized Significance Thresholds Analysis for the Project ............................................................................ 35
3.3-6 Construction Health Risk Assessment American Meteorological Society/
Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Principal Parameters ............................................................. 37
3.3-7 Construction Activity Health Risk Assessment Results ................................................................................... 38
3.3-8 Operational Health Risk Assessment American Meteorological Society/
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Operational Principal Parameters ...................... 40
3.3-9 Operational Health Risk Assessment Results ................................................................................................. 41
3.8-1 Estimated Annual Construction GHG Emissions ............................................................................................. 74
3.8-2 Estimated Annual Operation GHG Emissions .................................................................................................. 76
3.8-3 Compliance with Attorney General’s Recommendation Measures ................................................................ 77
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3.8-4 Proposed Project Consistency with 2008 Scoping Plan GHG
Emission Reduction Strategies ........................................................................................................................ 80
3.8-5 Project Consistency with 2017 Scoping Plan Climate Change Policies and Measures ............................... 85
3.13-1 Measured Short-Term Data Summary ........................................................................................................... 111
3.13-2 Measured Long-Term (LT1) Data Summary (11/19/2019 to 11/20/2019) ............................................. 111
3.13-3 Construction Noise Model Results Summary ................................................................................................ 113
3.13-4 Mechanical Equipment Operation Noise Summary of Results .................................................................... 115
3.13-5 Traffic Noise Levels for Local Roadways Under Existing and Existing plus
Project Scenarios (dBA CNEL) ........................................................................................................................ 117
3.17-1 Trip Rates used in SWIP SP Traffic Analysis for JND District (TAZ 5) ........................................................... 130
3.17-2 Net New Trip Generation Summary ............................................................................................................... 131
3.19-1 Projected Multiple-Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (Acre-Feet) ................................................. 138
APPENDICES
A Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculations
B1 Biological Resources Technical Report
B2 Arborist Report
C Cultural Resources Records Search
D Geotechnical Study
E Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
F Noise Assessment Data
G Trip Generation Memorandum
H Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym/Abbreviation Definition
AB Assembly Bill
ACM asbestos-containing material
AERMOD Modeling Guidance for American Meteorological Society/EPA Regulatory Model
APN Assessor’s Parcel Number
applicant Patriot Development Partners
AQMP Air Quality Management Plan
BMP best management practice
CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards
CAL FIRE California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection
CalEPA California Environmental Protection Agency
CalRecycle California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery
CalSTA California State Transportation Agency
Caltrans California Department of Transportation
CARB California Air Resources Board
CDFA California Department of Food and Agriculture
CEC California Energy Commission
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CH4 methane
City City of Fontana
CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level
CNG compressed natural gas
CNRA California Natural Resources Agency
CO carbon monoxide
CO2e carbon dioxide equivalents
CPUC California Public Utilities District
CTC California Transportation Commission
dBA A-weighted decibels
DOF Department of Finance
DPM diesel particulate matter
EIR environmental impact report
EO Executive Order
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ESA Environmental Site Assessment
FFD Fontana Fire Protection District
FPD Fontana Police Department
GHG greenhouse gas
GoBiz Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development
gpd gallons per day
GWP global warming potential
HIC Chronic Hazard Index
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Acronym/Abbreviation Definition
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
I Interstate
IBank California Infrastructure Economic Development Bank
IEUA Inland Empire Utilities Agency
JND Jurupa North Research and Development District
LBP lead-based paint
Leq energy-averaged noise levels
Lmax maximum sound level
Lmin minimum sound level
LST localized significance threshold
MICR maximum individual cancer risk
MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
MT metric tons
N2O nitrous oxide
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
NOx oxides of nitrogen
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
O3 ozone
OEHHA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
OPR Governor’s Office of Planning and Research
PM10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 microns
PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns
project SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
RTP/SCS Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy
SB Senate Bill
SCAB South Coast Air Basin
SCAG Southern California Association of Governments
SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District
SGC Strategic Growth Council
SO2 sulfur dioxide
SOx sulfur oxides
SP Specific Plan
SR State Route
SWD Slover West Industrial District
SWIP Southwest Industrial Park
SWIP SP PEIR Program Environmental Impact Report for the SWIP SP Update and Annexation
Project
SWPPP stormwater pollution prevention plan
TAC toxic air contaminant
TAZ Traffic Analysis Zone
VOCs volatile organic compounds
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1 Introduction
1.1 Project Overview
The City of Fontana (City) received an application from Patriot Development Partners (applicant) requesting the following
approvals for development of the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project (project):
▪ Master Case No. 22-000045
▪ Tentative Parcel Map No. 22-000008
▪ Design Review Project No. 22-000025
The project includes design review for the construction of a 206,204 square-foot warehouse building on an
approximately 8.7-acre property located in the Southwest Industrial Park (SWIP) Specific Plan (SP) area. The
property is comprised of seven parcels. In addition to the warehouse, the project would include landscaping areas,
passenger vehicle parking spaces, trailer parking spaces, and tractor-trailer loading docks.
The project is the subject of analysis in this document pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
In accordance with CEQA Guidelines Section 15367, the City is the lead agency with principal responsibility to
consider the project for approval.
This introduction will discuss the following:
▪ The requirements of CEQA
▪ The Program Environmental Impact Report for the SWIP SP Update and Annexation Project (State
Clearinghouse No. 2009091089) (City of Fontana 2012) (herein referred to as the SWIP SP PEIR)
certified by the City on May 8, 2012
▪ The primary purpose of an addendum to a previously certified environmental impact report (EIR)
▪ The standards for adequacy of an addendum pursuant to the CEQA Guidelines
▪ The format and content of this addendum
▪ The City’s processing requirements to consider the project for approval
▪ An explanation of the Environmental Checklist (Appendix G of CEQA Guidelines)
▪ A summary of documents to be incorporated by reference and points of contact for the project
1.2 California Environmental Quality Act Compliance
CEQA, a statewide environmental law described in Public Resources Code Sections 21000–21177, applies to most
public agency decisions to carry out, authorize, or approve actions that have the potential to adversely affect the
environment. The overarching goal of CEQA is to protect the physical environment. To achieve that goal, CEQA
requires that public agencies identify the environmental consequences of their discretionary actions and consider
alternatives and mitigation measures that could avoid or reduce significant adverse impacts when avoidance or
reduction is feasible. It also gives other public agencies and the general public an opportunity to comment on the
information. If significant adverse impacts cannot be avoided, reduced, or mitigated to below a level of significance,
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the public agency is required to prepare an EIR and balance the project’s environmental concerns with other goals
and benefits in a statement of overriding considerations.
1.3 Purpose and Need
The project would help the City meet several of the project objectives identified in the SWIP SP PEIR (City of Fontana
2012). These objectives include the following:
1. Increase and maintain an increased daytime employment population.
2. Coordinate land uses and transportation with infrastructure planning.
3. Embrace flexible and diverse industrial land uses that foster economic development opportunities for the
City of Fontana and surrounding areas.
4. Retain and expand existing businesses and business opportunities.
5. Improve pedestrian accessibility, vehicular access, and parking to establish safety throughout the SWIP SP
Update area.
6. Enhance the streetscape as well as the parking and loading areas throughout the SWIP SP Update area.
7. Tailor land use regulations and design guidelines to custom-fit the SWIP SP Update area.
8. Improve visual and functional linkages between Interstate (I) 10, Slover Avenue, and the City of Fontana.
9. Identify areas of priority development and property assemblage opportunities to serve as economic
development catalysts.
10. Coordinate and focus change in the SWIP SP Update area rather than a complete “removal and replacement”
transformation to enhance the sense of place and promote aesthetic improvements.
11. Incorporate planning policy that encourages viable development in the future, while paying tribute to
Fontana’s past.
1.4 Project Review Background
The SWIP SP PEIR was prepared and certified by the City in 2012 for the SWIP SP Update and Annexation Project.
The SWIP SP PEIR assessed the potential environmental impacts of the proposed SWIP SP Update and
Annexation Project (City of Fontana 2012), which would add 1,318 acres to the existing SP area, including the
annexation of 472 acres into the City (City of Fontana 2011).
The SWIP SP was originally adopted by the City in 1983 and was intended to develop the City’s industrial uses south
of I-10. The SWIP SP area originally encompassed approximately 1,800 acres. Since its adoption, the SWIP SP has
been amended numerous times. These amendments have accommodated past annexations into the SP area,
changes in land use designations, and modifications to design and land use regulations (City of Fontana 2011).
In 2011, due to the age of the SWIP SP and changes that occurred within the SP area, the City determined that the SP
should be revised to update land uses, regulations, and development standards. In addition, the City intended to use the
SWIP SP Update to promote orderly and compatible growth in newly annexed areas and older areas within the SP area
(City of Fontana 2011).
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The SWIP SP Update was a comprehensive policy and regulatory guidance document for the private use and
development of all properties within the SP Update area. By providing the necessary regulatory and design
guidance, the SP Update ensured that future development of parcels within the SWIP SP Update area (privately
owned lands and publicly owned lands approved for private use and development) would implement the goals and
policies of the City General Plan. In addition, the SWIP SP Update includes infrastructure improvements necessary
to support development within the SP Update area (City of Fontana 2011).
The Land Use Plan for the SWIP SP Update provided for development of nine planning sub-districts. In general, the
SWIP SP Update includes approximately 3,111 acres of industrial, manufacturing, office, commercial, research and
development, flex-tech, residential, public, and public/utility right-of-way uses (City of Fontana 2011).
1.5 Format and Content of this Addendum
The following components make up this addendum:
▪ Introduction (Chapter 1) and project description (Chapter 2)
▪ The completed Environmental Checklist and its associated analyses (Chapter 3), which conclude that the
project would not result in any new significant environmental impacts or substantially increase the severity
of environmental impacts beyond the levels disclosed in the SWIP SP PEIR
▪ Other documentation that evaluates the project and/or project site, which are appended to this addendum:
- Appendix A, Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculations
- Appendix B-1, Biological Resources Technical Report
- Appendix B-2, Arborist Report
- Appendix C, Cultural Resources Records Search Report
- Appendix D, Geotechnical Study
- Appendix E, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
- Appendix F, Noise Assessment Data
- Appendix G, Trip Generation Memorandum
- Appendix H, Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program
1.6 Preparation and Processing of this Addendum
The City directed and supervised the preparation of this addendum. Although prepared with assistance from the
consulting firm Dudek, the content contained in and the conclusions drawn by this addendum reflect the sole
independent judgment of the City.
This addendum will be forwarded, along with the previously certified PEIR, to the City’s decision-making body for review
as part of its deliberations concerning the project. A public hearing will be held at a later date to evaluate the project
and the adequacy of this addendum. Public comments will be heard at this hearing. At the conclusion of the public
hearing, the decision-making body may provide a decision to approve, approve with modifications, or deny approval
of the project. If approved, the decision-making body will adopt findings relative to the project’s environmental impacts.
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1.7 Initial Study Checklist
The City prepared the project’s Environmental Checklist per CEQA Guidelines Sections 15063(d)(3) and
15168(c)(4). Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines includes a suggested checklist to indicate whether the conditions
set forth in Section 15162, which would require a subsequent or supplemental EIR, are met and whether there
would be new significant impacts resulting from the project not examined in the SWIP SP PEIR. The checklist can
be found in Chapter 3 of this document. Following the checklist, Sections 3.1 through 3.21 include an explanation
and discussion of each significance determination made in the checklist.
For this addendum, the following four possible responses to each of the individual environmental issue areas are
included in the checklist:
1. New Significant Impact. This response is used to indicate when the project has changed to such an extent that
major revisions of the SWIP SP PEIR are required due to the presence of new significant environmental effects.
2. More Severe Impacts. This response is used to indicate when the circumstances under which the project
is undertaken have changed to such an extent that major revisions of the SWIP SP PEIR are required
because the severity of previously identified significant effects would substantially increase.
3. New Ability to Substantially Reduce Significant Impact. This response is used to show when new information
of substantial importance that was not known and could not have been known with the exercise of reasonable
diligence at the time the SWIP SP PEIR was certified; it indicates that there are new mitigation measures or
alternatives available to substantially reduce significant environmental impacts of the project.
4. No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. This response is used to indicate that the project would not
create a new impact or substantially increase the severity of the previously identified environmental impact
disclosed in the SWIP SP PEIR.
The Environmental Checklist and accompanying explanation of checklist responses provide the information and
analysis necessary to assess relative environmental impacts of the project in the context of environmental impacts
addressed in the previously certified PEIR. In so doing, the City will determine the extent of additional environmental
review, if any, required for the project.
1.8 Existing Documents to be Incorporated by Reference
CEQA Guidelines Sections 15150, 15168(c)(3), and 15168(d)(2) permit and encourage an environmental
document to incorporate by reference other documents that provide relevant data. The City General Plan, the
Fontana Code of Ordinances, the Fontana Zoning and Development Code, the SWIP SP PEIR and its Mitigation
Monitoring and Reporting Program, technical appendices, Findings and Statement of Facts, and associated City
Council Resolutions, and the SWIP SP are all herein incorporated by reference pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section
15150. These documents are available for review at the following location:
City of Fontana
Community Development Department, Planning Division
8353 Sierra Avenue
Fontana, California 92335
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1.9 Points of Contact
The lead agency for this environmental document is the City of Fontana. Any questions about the preparation of this
addendum, its assumptions, or its conclusions should be directed to the following:
George Velarde, Associate Planner
City of Fontana, Community Development Department, Planning Division
8353 Sierra Avenue
Fontana, California 92335
909.350.6566
gvelarde@fontana.org
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2 Project Description
2.1 Project Location
The project site is located in the southern portion of the City in southwestern San Bernardino County. The project
site is immediately bounded by Santa Ana Avenue to the north, Almond Avenue to the east, a developed property
with truck parking and sales to the south, and a single-story warehouse to the west. The project site comprises
seven parcels, summarized as follows:
▪ Assessor’s Parcel Number (APN) 0236-171-89 is addressed as 10922 Almond Avenue
▪ APN 0236-272-87 is addressed as 10944 Almond Avenue
▪ APN 0236-171-88 is addressed as 10980 Almond Avenue
▪ APN 0236-171-85 is addressed as 10990 Almond Avenue
▪ APN 0236-171-80 is addressed as 14241 Santa Ana Avenue and contains a single-family residential
structure and an unpaved lot for storage.
▪ APN 0236-171-79 is addressed as 14221 Santa Ana Avenue and contains a single-family residential
structure and an 18-wheeler truck storage and maintenance yard.
▪ APN 0236-171-47 is addressed as 14205 Santa Ana Avenue and contains a storage yard.
Regional access to the project site is provided by I-10 to the north, I-15 to the west, and State Route (SR)-60 to the
south (Figure 1, Project Location).
2.2 Environmental Setting
City of Fontana
The City is located on an alluvial plain flowing southward from the confluence of Lytle Creek and the San Sevaine
wash. The San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains to the north, and the Jurupa Hills to the south, provide a
dramatic backdrop for the developed areas of the City. In the early 1900s, the City was a diversified agricultural
community, producing major commodities such as citrus, grain, grapes, poultry, and swine. In 1942, the area began
to transition to a more industrial base with the founding of the Kaiser Steel Mill. By the 1950s, the City was the
region’s leading producer of steel and steel-related products. Today, the City is both a bedroom community, with a
commuting population of workers, and, due to its suburban location near several major freeway and rail
transportation corridors, a major Inland Empire hub of warehousing and distribution centers. These uses are located
primarily in the City’s southern half, adjacent to the I-10 corridor. Heavy industrial areas surround the former Kaiser
Steel plant and along the I-10 corridor between Valley Boulevard and Slover Avenue.
A range of residential neighborhoods has developed in the City. The established single-family and multifamily
residential neighborhoods and commercial core of the City is largely contained between Baseline and Valley
Boulevard. Newer residential development has occurred along the northern edge of the City west of I-15 and
radiating north and south of the SR-210 corridor. A large portion of the City, north of SR-210, still remains to
develop as a mix of planned communities and job centers.
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Project Site
The approximately 8.7-acre rectangular project site contains industrial land uses (primarily home-based trucking
and heavy equipment businesses), including six single-family residential structures. The project site also includes
several storage buildings and sheds. The remainder of the project site consists of gravel parking areas, various
hardscape features, and paved driveways and parking areas.
The parcel at 10922 Almond Avenue contains a residence and an office building and storage yard for the business
identified as McKinney Construction, and the parcel at 10944 Almond Avenue contains a single-family residence
and ancillary structure. The property at 10980 Almond Avenue contains a single-family residential structure and a
truck and trailer storage yard. The property at 10990 Almond Avenue contains a single-family residential structure
and an equipment and materials storage yard associated with McKinney Construction company. The property at
14241 Santa Ana Avenue contains a single-family residential structure and an unpaved lot for storage. The property
at 14221 Santa Ana Avenue contains a single-family residential structure and an 18-wheeler truck storage and
maintenance yard, and 14205 Santa Ana Avenue contains a storage yard.
Historical uses at the project site include agriculture, residential, mobile home/RV park, and vehicle staging. The
project site supported agricultural uses from approximately the 1930s to 1950s. Residential and agricultural-
related structures were developed on the project site in the late 1950s and through the 1960s. Additional
residential structures were developed on the project site during the 1980s, and industrial uses related to vehicle
storage and associated structures were developed in the 1980s and 1990s. By the 1990s, the project site
contained much of the structures found on the site today.
The City General Plan Land Use Map designates the project site as Light Industrial (I-L) (City of Fontana 2022a)
(Figure 2, General Plan Land Use). The City’s Zoning Map shows the site as being zoned as the SWIP SP (within the
SWIP SP area, the project site is located in the Slover West Industrial District SWD]) (City of Fontana n.d.) (Figure 3,
Zoning, Figure 4, Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Land Use Map).
Surrounding Land Uses
The project site is located on developed land and is surrounded by a mix of urbanized land uses primarily related
to industrial operations. Specific uses in the immediate project area include the following:
▪ North: Santa Ana Avenue; industrial uses including trailer and truck storage and maintenance, tire recycling,
and commercial trucking operations.
▪ East: Almond Avenue; commercial uses including offices and storage yards, and residences, and storage
for trailers and vehicles.
▪ South: Industrial uses including structures and parking areas for trucking operations and truck sales.
▪ West: Industrial uses including single-story warehouse with loading dock and driveways.
Several low-density residential uses, largely home-based trucking and heavy equipment businesses, are scattered
throughout the SWIP SP area. These residential uses were primarily permitted and constructed under zoning
designations in effect prior to circa 2011. When the SWIP SP Update and Annexation was approved in 2011, new
zoning designations were adopted throughout the SWIP SP area, resulting in these residential properties becoming
legal non-conforming uses. Over time, several of these residential properties have since transitioned from operating
primarily as residences to operating primarily as trucking/heavy equipment businesses. For the purposes of the
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following environmental analysis, because the exact nature of each surrounding property cannot be fully
determined, it is conservatively assumed that all surrounding residential structures actively house residents and,
thus, are to be considered sensitive receptors.
2.3 Project Characteristics
The project includes construction of a one-story, 206,204 square-foot warehouse building (Figure 5, Site Plan). The
building would have a maximum height of 60 feet above ground surface. The building would include a 2,500 square-
foot office and a 2,500 square-foot mezzanine. The building would be located in the center of the site, with paved
parking lots, a truck court, loading areas, and landscaping surrounding it. A driveway would be located along the
southern portion of the project site, providing access from Almond Avenue to two of the parking lots. Along the
western side of the project site would be the truck court, which would provide 38 trailer parking spots, 20 loading
docks, 2 staircases, and 1 ramp to the warehouse building. A security gate would block traffic between the truck
court and the northwestern parking lot, which also provides entrance to the site off of Santa Ana Avenue. The areas
not developed with the warehouse, parking lots, and truck court would be landscaped, resulting in a total of 50,025
square feet of landscaped area on the project site. Figure 6 provides conceptual elevations of the project. Figure 7
provides a conceptual rendering of the Project.
On-Site and Off-Site Adjacent Improvements
The project would also include improvements to Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue along the project’s street
frontages, including a landscape setback, a new sidewalk, and half-width frontage improvements within the
roadway right-of-way. Consistent with City standards, all existing overhead utility service lines adjoining and interior
to the project site would be undergrounded, and new City streetlights would be installed within the dedicated right-
of-way. A variety of trees, shrubs, plants, and land covers would be planted in the landscape areas throughout the
project site, in conformance with the City’s approved plant palette list. Figure 8 provides the project’s conceptual
landscape plan.
Site Access, Circulation, and Parking
Access to the project site would be provided by three driveways; one off Santa Ana Avenue and two off Almond
Avenue. The first driveway would be a 40-foot-wide truck driveway at the northwestern corner of the project site
along Santa Ana Avenue, providing access to the proposed vehicle parking lot and truck court; the second driveway
would be a 30-foot wide passenger vehicle driveway along Almond Avenue approximately 150 feet south of the
intersection of Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue, providing access to the employee parking lot; the third
driveway would be a 40-foot-wide passenger vehicle driveway at the southeastern corner of the site providing
access from Almond Avenue to two of the employee parking lots. Vehicle parking for employees would be located
in a parking lot along the east side of the project site, a parking lot in the southwest corner of the project site, and
a parking lot in the northwest corner of the project site. The project would provide a total of 87 parking spots. Gated
entry to the truck court would be provided to the north truck court.
Stormwater System and Other Utility Improvements
The project site is currently developed and served by some existing utilities, including domestic water, natural
gas, and electricity. However, in some instances, these present utilities are not adequately sized to serve the
project and, thus, will be upgraded/replaced during project construction. As such, lateral water lines would be
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constructed as part of the project and connect to the existing water line within Almond Avenue to provide
adequate domestic water service and fire flow. Similarly, lateral sewer lines would be extended to the project site
from the existing sewer main. An 8-inch sewer main extension would be construction within the Almond Avenue
right-of-way, and a 6-inch sewer line would be constructed from the sewer main extension to the project site.
As part of the project, a new engineered storm drain system will be constructed on the project site to collect and
treat on-site stormwater runoff. On-site stormwater will be collected via a series of inlets and catch basins before
being conveyed to an on-site underground infiltration basin located beneath the truck court. The infiltration basin
would allow a certain amount of stormwater to infiltrate into the soils, and excess flows would then flow into the
City’s storm drain system. Figure 9 presents the project’s stormwater drainage plan.
2.4 Project Construction and Phasing
The project applicant intends to construct the project in a single continuous phase, starting in March 2023 with the intent
of beginning operations in September 2024. It is anticipated that construction would take approximately 19 months.
Construction would involve the import of approximately 505 cubic yards of soil. Figure 10 depicts the project’s conceptual
grading plan.
Refer to Appendix A for a more detailed breakdown of the estimated construction schedule and phases.
2.5 Project Approvals
The following discretionary approvals would be required prior to implementing the project:
▪ Master Case No. 22-000045
▪ Tentative Parcel Map No. 22-000008
▪ Design Review Project No. 22-000025
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3 Initial Study Checklist
1. Project title:
SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
2. Lead agency name and address:
City of Fontana
Community Development Department, Planning Division
8353 Sierra Avenue
Fontana, California 92335
3. Contact person and phone number:
George Velarde, Associate Planner
City of Fontana, Community Development Department, Planning Division
8353 Sierra Avenue
Fontana, California 92335
gvelarde@fontana.org / 909.350.6569
4. Project location:
The project site is located in the southern portion of the City in southwestern San Bernardino County. The
project site is immediately bounded by Santa Ana Avenue to the north and Almond Avenue to the east. The
project site is composed of seven parcels (023617189, 023627287, 023617188, 023617185,
023617180, 123617179, and 023617147). Addresses associated with the project site include 10922
Almond Avenue, 10944 Almond Avenue, 10980 Almond Avenue, 10990 Almond Avenue, 14241 Santa Ana
Avenue, 14205 Santa Ana Avenue, and 14221 Santa Ana Avenue. Regional access to the project area is
provided by I-10 to the north, I-15 to the west, and SR-60 to the south.
5. Project sponsor’s name and address:
Patriot Development Partners
12126 West Sunset Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 90049
6. General plan designation:
Light Industrial (I-L)
7. Zoning:
SWIP SP (within the SWIP SP area, the project site is located in the Slover West Industrial District)
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8. Description of project. (Describe the whole action involved, including but not limited to later phases of the
project, and any secondary, support, or off-site features necessary for its implementation. Attach additional
sheets if necessary):
The proposed project includes construction of a one-story industrial warehouse with passenger vehicle
parking lots, a truck court, and loading docks. The warehouse building would be located in the center of
the project site and would be a 206,204 square-foot warehouse inclusive of a 2,500 square foot office and
2,500 square-foot mezzanine. Three passenger vehicle parking lots would provide 87 parking spots, and a
truck court would provide 38 trailer parking spots and access to 20 loading dock doors. Three driveways
would provide access to the project site, one from Santa Ana Avenue and two from Almond Avenue.
Approximately 50,025 square feet of landscaped area would be developed on the project site.
Refer to Chapter 2, Project Description, for a detailed description of the project and associated improvements.
9. Surrounding land uses and setting (Briefly describe the project’s surroundings):
The project site is located on developed land and is surrounded by a mix of urbanized land uses primarily
related to industrial operations. Specific uses in the immediate project area include the following:
▪ North: Santa Ana Avenue; industrial uses including trailer and truck storage and maintenance, tire
recycling, and commercial trucking operations.
▪ East: Almond Avenue; commercial uses including offices and storage yards, and residences, and
storage for trailers and vehicles.
▪ South: Industrial uses including structures and parking areas for trucking operations and truck sales.
▪ West: Industrial uses including single-story warehouse with loading dock and driveways.
10. Other public agencies whose approval is required (e.g., permits, financing approval, or
participation agreement):
Responsible agencies that may have ministerial authority over the project include the South Coast Air
Quality Management District (SCAQMD), Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board, Fontana Fire
Protection District (FFD), and San Bernardino County Fire Department.
11. Have California Native American tribes traditionally and culturally affiliated with the project area requested
consultation pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1? If so, is there a plan for consultation
that includes, for example, the determination of significance of impacts to tribal cultural resources,
procedures regarding confidentiality, etc.?
Please refer to Section 3.5, Cultural Resources, and 3.18, Tribal Cultural Resources, of this document.
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Environmental Factors Potentially Affected
The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this project, involving at least one impact
that is a “Potentially Significant Impact,” as indicated by the checklist on the following pages.
Aesthetics Agriculture and
Forestry Resources
Air Quality
Biological Resources Cultural Resources Energy
Geology and Soils Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Hazards and Hazardous
Materials
Hydrology and Water Quality Land Use and
Planning
Mineral Resources
Noise Population and
Housing
Public Services
Recreation Transportation Tribal Cultural Resources
Utilities and Service Systems Wildfire Mandatory Findings
of Significance
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Evaluation of Environmental Impacts
Section 15168(c) of the CEQA Guidelines provides that when the lead agency adopts a program EIR, subsequent
activities in the program are examined in light of the program EIR to determine whether an additional environmental
document must be prepared. If the lead agency finds that pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15162, no new effects
could occur or mitigation measures would be required, the activity may be approved as being within the scope of the
project covered by the program EIR (CEQA Guidelines Section 15162[c][2]). Pursuant to Section 21166 of CEQA and
Section 15162 of the CEQA Guidelines, if the lead agency determines that one or more of the following conditions are
met, a subsequent EIR or negative declaration shall be prepared for the project:
1. Substantial project changes are proposed that will require major revisions of the previous EIR or negative
declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the
severity of previously identified significant effects;
2. Substantial changes would occur with respect to the circumstances under which the project is undertaken
that require major revisions to the previous EIR or negative declaration due to the involvement of new
significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant
effects; or
3. New information of substantial importance that was not known and could not have been known with the
exercise of reasonable diligence at the time the previous EIR was certified or the negative declaration was
adopted shows any of the following:
a. The project will have one or more significant effects not discussed in the previous EIR or negative declaration;
b. Significant effects previously examined will be substantially more severe than identified in the
previous EIR;
c. Mitigation measures or alternatives previously found not to be feasible would in fact be feasible, and
would substantially reduce one or more significant effects of the project, but the project proponent
declines to adopt the mitigation measures or alternatives; or
d. Mitigation measures or alternatives that are considerably different from those analyzed in the previous
EIR would substantially reduce one or more significant effects on the environment, but the project
proponent declines to adopt the mitigation measures or alternatives.
Where none of the conditions specified in Section 15162 are present, the lead agency can choose not to prepare
a subsequent or supplemental EIR (CEQA Guidelines Section 15162[a]), but may prepare a negative declaration,
an addendum, or no further CEQA documentation. Section 15164 of the CEQA Guidelines states that an addendum
to an EIR shall be prepared “if some changes or additions are necessary, but none of the conditions described in
Section 15162 calling for preparation of a subsequent EIR have occurred.”
In accordance with the CEQA Guidelines, the City has determined that an addendum to the SWIP SP PEIR is the
appropriate environmental document for the project. This addendum reviews the changes proposed by the project
and any pertinent changes to the circumstances under which the project is undertaken that have occurred since
the SWIP SP PEIR was certified. It also reviews any new information of substantial importance that was not known
and could not have been known with exercise of reasonable diligence at the time that the SWIP SP PEIR was
certified. It further examines whether, as a result of any changes or any new information, a subsequent or
supplemental EIR may be required. This examination includes an analysis of the provisions of Section 21166 of
CEQA and Section 15162 of the CEQA Guidelines and their applicability to the project.
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3.1 Aesthetics
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
I. AESTHETICS – Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section 21099, would the project:
a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a
scenic vista?
b) Substantially damage scenic resources,
including, but not limited to, trees, rock
outcroppings, and historic buildings within a
state scenic highway?
c) In non-urbanized areas, substantially
degrade the existing visual character or
quality of public views of the site and its
surroundings? (Public views are those that
are experienced from publicly accessible
vantage point). If the project is in an
urbanized area, would the project conflict
with applicable zoning and other regulations
governing scenic quality?
d) Create a new source of substantial light or
glare which would adversely affect day or
nighttime views in the area?
a) Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR identified scenic vistas adjacent to the southeastern portion of the SWIP SP area in the form
of uninterrupted, panoramic views of the San Gabriel/San Bernardino Mountains to the north and Jurupa
Mountains to the south, as well as scenic vistas in the form of isolated windrows viewed across large open
spaces and along several roadways within the southern portion of the SWIP SP. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded
that although the SWIP SP includes various design features to minimize impacts to scenic vistas and would
comply with existing local requirements related to scenic vistas, implementation of the SWIP SP would result in
significant and unavoidable direct and cumulatively considerable impacts to scenic vistas and there were no
feasible mitigation measures that would reduce the impacts to a level below significance.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The City General Plan
Conservation, Open Space, Parks and Trails Chapter (City of Fontana 2018a), identifies both the San
Gabriel and the Jurupa Mountains and foothills as visually prominent topographic features that provide a
scenic vista from mobile and stationary viewing locations throughout the City. The project site is located
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over 8 miles south and 1 mile northwest, respectively, from these scenic resources. Based on these
distances and the presence of existing intervening development and topographical variation, the project
site is not located within the viewshed of these scenic vistas, and the project would not block views of or
from these scenic resources. In addition, the current viewshed within the project area consists
predominantly of existing development. Thus, the inclusion of the project within the existing viewshed would
be consistent with views currently found throughout the project area.
Therefore, impacts associated with scenic vistas would be less than significant and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the significant and unavoidable level of impact identified in the SWIP
SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
b) Would the project substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock
outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP area does not contain any geologic formations or historic
structures that could be characterized as scenic resources. Further, the SWIP SP PEIR concludes that
compliance with Article III - Preservation of Heritage, Significant and Specimen Trees of the City of Fontana
Municipal Code would minimize impacts to mature trees within the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR
concluded that impacts to scenic resources would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) California Scenic Highway Mapping System (Caltrans
2018), the only officially designated state scenic highway in San Bernardino County is a 16-mile portion of
SR-38 from South Fork Campground to State Lane. This roadway segment is located approximately 39 miles
east of the project site in the San Bernardino Mountains, well outside of view of the project site.
Therefore, impacts associated with scenic resources would be less than significant and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
c) In non-urbanized areas, would the project substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of
public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly
accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable
zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality?
Short-Term Construction Impacts
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that construction activities within the SWIP SP area that occur near
residentially zoned property would result in temporary significant impacts to the visual quality/character of
the SWIP SP area. However, the SWIP SP PEIR included a mitigation measure (Mitigation Measure [MM]
4.1-3a) that would require development projects located within or near residentially zoned property to
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incorporate practices during construction to minimize visual impact. With application of the identified
mitigation, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts to visual quality/character during construction would
be less than significant with mitigation incorporated.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. Consistent with MM-4.1-3a from the SWIP SP PEIR, in an effort to minimize temporary
construction-related visual impacts, the staging of construction equipment and the cleanliness of
construction equipment stored and driven beyond the limits of the construction work area will be strictly
controlled. Construction equipment, vehicles, and materials will be staged within a designated screened
area on the project site during project construction. Although equipment staging could potentially be viewed
from adjacent properties, this would be temporary and would cease upon completion of construction.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, short-term construction impacts associated with visual
quality and character would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur
compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
Long-Term Operational Impacts
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that long-term impacts to visual quality/character would be less than significant
with mandatory adherence to the land use and development regulations established in the SWIP SP.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is
located in a highly developed and urbanized part of the City characterized by a mix of industrial and other
land uses. The project site is bound by industrial uses immediately to the north, east, south, and west
and is currently heavily disturbed by existing development. Most of the properties surrounding the project
site have General Plan land use designations and zoning for industrial and related land uses. Thus,
implementation of the project represents a logical continuation of industrial development in this part of
the City. However, given that the project would be developing warehouse buildings and associated
improvements on the project site, consistent with surrounding land uses in the project area, the project
would inevitably alter the existing visual character of the project site.
To ensure that both current and future development within the City is designed and constructed to conform
to existing visual character and quality of the surrounding built environment, the City’s Zoning and
Development Code (City of Fontana 2022b) includes design standards related to building size, height, and
setback, as well as landscaping, signage, and other visual considerations. These design standards help
ensure that adjacent land uses are visually consistent with one another and their surroundings, while
reducing the potential for aesthetic conflict. The City reviews design specifications of all development
proposals to ensure compliance with all applicable provisions set forth by the Zoning and Development
Code. As part of the City’s development review process, project plans are reviewed by City staff, the
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Development Advisory Board, and the Planning Commission to ensure that projects conform to the Zoning
and Development Code and promote the visual character and quality of the surrounding area.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, long-term operational impacts associated with visual quality
and character would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared
with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
d) Would the project create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or
nighttime views in the area?
Short-Term Construction Impacts
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would have the potential to create new
sources of outdoor light and glare in the form of streetlights, exterior lighting, and security lighting, as well
as glare effects caused by reflective surfaces. However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that light and glare
impacts would be less than significant because development within the SWIP SP area would be required to
comply with the lighting requirements of the City’s Municipal Code (Chapter 30), which would minimize the
potential for light and/or glare effects to occur. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that light and/or
glare impacts from implementation of the SWIP SP would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would be
required to comply with the City’s Noise Ordinance (City of Fontana 2022b), which prohibits construction
during the evening and nighttime hours. As such, project construction would be limited to daytime hours,
and nighttime lighting would not be required until the project is operational.
Therefore, short-term construction impacts associated with light and glare would be less than significant
and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No
new mitigation measures are required.
Long-Term Operational Impacts
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would have the potential to create new
sources of outdoor light and glare in the form of streetlights, exterior lighting, and security lighting, as well
as glare effects caused by reflective surfaces. However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that light and glare
impacts would be less than significant because development within the SWIP SP area would be required to
comply with the lighting requirements of the City’s Municipal Code (Chapter 30), which would minimize the
potential for light and/or glare effects to occur. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that light and/or
glare impacts from implementation of the SWIP SP would be less than significant.
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Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Consistent with Section
No. 30-184 (Light and Glare) of the City’s Zoning and Development Code (City of Fontana 2022b), all lighting used
on the project site is required to be directed and/or shielded to prevent the light from adversely affecting adjacent
properties, and no structures or features that create adverse glare effects are permitted. Thus, all exterior lighting
would be shielded/hooded to prevent light trespass onto nearby properties. With respect to glare potentially
generated by the project, the majority of the exterior building surfaces would consist of painted concrete (i.e., tilt-
up concrete walls) and does not include any physical properties that would produce substantial amounts of glare.
To provide architectural interest and break up the overall massing of project buildings, the project would feature
large glass windows throughout project buildings’ facades; however, the project would use glass that is clear or
tinted with medium to high performance anti-glare glazing and would not use glass with mirrored finishes. As such,
the project as a whole would not result in a substantial amount of glare in the project area.
Therefore, long-term operational impacts associated with light and glare would be less than significant and
no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measure related to aesthetics to be
implemented following project approval:
MM-4.1-3a For future development associated with the project located in or immediately adjacent to
residentially zoned property, the following General Condition of Approval shall be imposed:
Construction documents shall include language that requires all construction contractors to
strictly control the staging of construction equipment and the cleanliness of construction
equipment stored or driven beyond the limits of the construction work area. Construction
equipment shall be parked and staged within the project site to the extent practical. Staging
areas shall be screened from view from residential properties with solid wood fencing or green
fence. Construction worker parking may be located off-site with approval of the City; however,
on-street parking of construction worker vehicles on residential streets shall be prohibited.
Vehicles shall be kept clean and free of mud and dust before leaving the project site.
Surrounding streets shall be swept daily and maintained free of dirt and debris.
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3.2 Agriculture and Forestry Resources
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
II. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RESOURCES – In determining whether impacts to agricultural resources are
significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to the California Agricultural Land Evaluation and
Site Assessment Model (1997) prepared by the California Dept. Conservation as an optional model to use
in assessing impacts on agriculture and farmland. In determining whether impacts to forest resources,
including timberland, are significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to information
compiled by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection regarding the state’s inventory of
forest land, including the Forest and Range Assessment Project and the Forest Legacy Assessment project;
and forest carbon measurement methodology provided in Forest Protocols adopted by the California Air
Resources Board. Would the project:
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland,
or Farmland of Statewide Importance
(Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared
pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and
Monitoring Program of the California
Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use?
b) Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural
use, or a Williamson Act contract?
c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause
rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public
Resources Code section 12220(g)),
timberland (as defined by Public Resources
Code section 4526), or timberland zoned
Timberland Production (as defined by
Government Code section 51104(g))?
d) Result in the loss of forest land or
conversion of forest land to non-forest use?
e) Involve other changes in the existing
environment which, due to their location or
nature, could result in conversion of
Farmland, to non-agricultural use or
conversion of forest land to non-forest use?
a) Would the project convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance
(Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program
of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would not convert any “Prime Farmland,”
“Unique Farmland,” or “Farmland of Statewide Importance” to nonagricultural use, as there is no Prime
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Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance located within the SWIP SP boundaries.
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact would occur.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the California Department of
Conservation Important Farmland Finder (CDOC 2016a), the project site is designated as Urban and Built-
Up Land. Neither the project site nor the surrounding project area contains Prime Farmland, Unique
Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (collectively, Important Farmland).
Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and
no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No
new mitigation measures are required.
b) Would the project conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that none of the lands within the SWIP SP area were designated or zoned for
agricultural use, or subject to a Williamson Act contract. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no
impacts would occur.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the California Department of
Conservation Important Farmland Finder (CDOC 2016a), the project site is designated as Urban and Built-
up Land. Neither the project site nor the surrounding project area contains Prime Farmland, Unique
Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (collectively, Important Farmland). In addition, SWIP SP
PEIR does not identify any land under Williamson Act or Farmland Security Zone contracts on the project
site or within the project area. Further, the City’s Zoning Map does not show agricultural zoning districts in
the broader project area.
Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and
no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
c) Would the project conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public
Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or
timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that there are no areas zoned for forest land, timberland, or timberland
production within the vicinity of the SWIP SP area.
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Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is designated as Light
Industrial and is located within a developed area. There are no areas zoned for forest land within the vicinity
of the project site.
Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and
no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required
d) Would the project result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the SWIP SP exists within an urbanized area, occupied primarily by
industrial uses, and that no forest land exists within the site vicinity.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is designated as Light
Industrial and is located within a developed area. There are no areas zoned for forest land within the vicinity
of the project site.
Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and
no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
e) Would the project involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature,
could result in conversion of Farmland, to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that there are no active agricultural areas or forest land areas within the SWIP
SP area. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impacts would occur.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the California Department of
Conservation Important Farmland Finder (CDOC 2016a), the project site is designated as Urban and Built-
up Land. Neither the project site nor the surrounding project area contains Prime Farmland, Unique
Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (collectively, Important Farmland). In addition, SWIP SP
PEIR does not identify any land under Williamson Act or Farmland Security Zone contracts on the project
site or within the project area. Further, the City’s Zoning Map does not show agricultural zoning districts in
the broader project area.
With regard to forestland and timberland, the project site is designated as Light Industrial and is located
within a developed area. There are no areas zoned for forest land within the vicinity of the project site. As
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such, the Project would not involve changes to the existing environment that, due to its location or nature,
could result in conversion of Farmland, to nonagricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use.
Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with agricultural and forestry resources, and
no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
3.3 Air Quality
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
III. AIR QUALITY – Where available, the significance criteria established by the applicable air quality
management district or air pollution control district may be relied upon to make the following
determinations. Would the project:
a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of
the applicable air quality plan?
b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net
increase of any criteria pollutant for which
the project region is non-attainment under
an applicable federal or state ambient air
quality standard?
c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial
pollutant concentrations?
d) Result in other emissions (such as those
leading to odors) adversely affecting a
substantial number of people?
a) Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that emissions resulting from buildout of the SWIP SP would exceed SCAQMD
thresholds and would potentially result in a long-term impact on the region’s ability to meet state and
federal ambient air quality standards. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that buildout of the SWIP SP
would conflict with the 2007 Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB).
The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation to minimize the SWIP SP’s air pollutant emissions; however, the SWIP
SP PEIR concluded that air quality impacts related to a conflict with or obstruction of the implementation
of the SCAB’s 2007 AQMP would be significant and unavoidable.
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Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The most recent adopted
AQMP for the SCAB is the 2016 AQMP (SCAQMD 2017), which was adopted by SCAQMD’s Governing Board
in March 2017. The 2016 AQMP focuses on available, proven, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional
strategies while seeking to achieve multiple goals in partnership with other entities seeking to promote
reductions in GHGs and toxic risk, as well as efficiencies in energy use, transportation, and goods
movement (SCAQMD 2017). Notably, the 2022 update to the AQMP is currently being developed but has
yet to be adopted.
The purpose of a consistency finding with regard to the AQMP is to determine if a project is consistent with
the assumptions and objectives of the regional air quality plans, and if it would interfere with the region’s
ability to comply with federal and state air quality standards. SCAQMD has established criteria for
determining consistency with the currently applicable AQMP in Chapter 12, Sections 12.2 and 12.3 of the
SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook. These criteria are (SCAQMD 1993):
▪ Whether the project would result in an increase in the frequency or severity of existing air quality
violations, cause or contribute to new violations, or delay timely attainment of the ambient air
quality standards or interim emission reductions in the AQMP.
▪ Whether the project would exceed the assumptions in the AQMP or increments based on the year
of project buildout and phase.
To address the first criterion, project-generated criteria air pollutant emissions have been estimated and
analyzed for significance and are addressed under Impact b). Detailed results of this analysis are included
in Appendix A, CalEEMod Emissions Outputs. As presented in Impact b), construction and operation of the
project would not generate criteria air pollutant emissions that exceed SCAQMD’s thresholds.
The second criterion regarding the project’s potential to exceed the assumptions in the AQMP or increments
based on the year of project buildout and phase is primarily assessed by determining consistency between
the project’s land use designations and its potential to generate population growth. In general, projects are
considered consistent with, and not in conflict with or obstructing implementation of, the AQMP if the growth
in socioeconomic factors is consistent with the underlying regional plans used to develop the AQMP (per
Consistency Criterion No. 2 of the SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook). SCAQMD primarily uses
demographic growth forecasts for various socioeconomic categories (e.g., population, housing,
employment by industry) developed by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) for its
Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) (SCAG 2016). This document,
which is based on general plans for cities and counties in the SCAB, is used by SCAQMD to develop the
AQMP emissions inventory (SCAQMD 2017).1 The SCAG 2016 RTP/SCS and the associated Regional
1 Information necessary to produce the emissions inventory for the SCAB is obtained from SCAQMD and other governmental
agencies, including the California Air Resources Board (CARB), California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and SCAG.
Each of these agencies is responsible for collecting data (e.g., industry growth factors, socioeconomic projections, travel activity
levels, emission factors, emission speciation profile, and emissions) and developing methodologies (e.g., model and demographic
forecast improvements) required to generate a comprehensive emissions inventory. SCAG incorporates these data into its Travel
Demand Model for estimating/projecting vehicle miles traveled and driving speeds. SCAG’s socioeconomic and transportation
activities projections in their 2016 RTP/SCS are integrated in the 2016 AQMP (SCAQMD 2017).
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Growth Forecast are generally consistent with the local plans;2 therefore, the 2016 AQMP is generally
consistent with local government plans.
As discussed in Section 2.2, Environmental Setting, of this addendum the project site is designated in the
City’s General Plan as Light Industrial (I-L) (City of Fontana 2022a) (Figure 2, General Plan Land Use), and
the zoning for the project site is SWIP SP (within the SWIP SP area, the project site is located in the JND)
(City of Fontana n.d.) (Figure 3, Zoning; Figure 4, Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan Land Use Map).
The project would be compatible with the I-L Zone and SWIP SP. As the proposed uses for the project site
are consistent with the existing land use designation, no amendments to the General Plan would be
required. Accordingly, the project is consistent with the SCAG RTP/SCS forecasts used in the SCAQMD
AQMP development.
In summary, based on the considerations presented for the two criteria, impacts relating to the project’s
potential to conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable AQMP would be less than significant.
b) Would the project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the
project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that implementation of the SWIP SP would result in cumulatively
considerable net increases of criteria pollutants, including O3 precursors, for which the SCAB is in
nonattainment of applicable federal and/or state ambient air quality standards. The SWIP SP PEIR included
mitigation to minimize the SWIP SP’s air pollutant emissions; however, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that
cumulative air quality impacts would be significant and unavoidable.
Analysis of the Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Air pollution is largely a
cumulative impact. The nonattainment status of regional pollutants is a result of past and present development,
and the SCAQMD develops and implements plans for future attainment of ambient air quality standards. Based
on these considerations, project-level thresholds of significance for criteria pollutants are used in the
determination of whether a project’s individual emissions would have a cumulatively considerable contribution
on air quality. If a project’s emissions would exceed the SCAQMD significance thresholds, it would be considered
to have a cumulatively considerable contribution. Conversely, projects that do not exceed the project-specific
thresholds are generally not considered to be cumulatively significant (SCAQMD 2003a).
Consistent with MM-4.2-2k of the SWIP SP PEIR, project‐level environmental review was conducted to
determine potential vehicle emission impacts associated with the project. A quantitative analysis was
conducted to determine whether proposed construction activities would result in a cumulatively
considerable net increase in emissions of criteria air pollutants for which the SCAB is designated as
nonattainment under the NAAQS or CAAQS. Criteria air pollutants include ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NO2),
carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or
equal to 10 microns (PM10), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5
2 The most recent RTP/SCS is SCAG’s Connect SoCal, which was adopted on September 3, 2020; however, demographics from the 2016
RTP/SCS are still applicable for the purposes of the air quality analysis, since those are included and used in the current AQMP.
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microns (PM2.5), and lead. Pollutants that are evaluated herein include volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are important because they are precursors to O3, as well as CO, sulfur
oxides (SOx), PM10, and PM2.5.
Regarding NAAQS and CAAQS attainment status,3 the SCAB is designated as a nonattainment area for
national and California O3 and PM2.5 standards (CARB 2020; EPA 2022a). The SCAB is designated as a
nonattainment area for California PM10 standards; however, it is designated as an attainment area for
national PM10 standards. The SCAB nonattainment status of O3, PM10, and PM2.5 standards is the result of
cumulative emissions from various sources of air pollutants and their precursors within the SCAB, including
motor vehicles, off-road equipment, and commercial and industrial facilities. The SCAB is designated as an
attainment area for national and California NO2, CO, and SO2 standards. Although the SCAB has been
designated as partial nonattainment (Los Angeles County) for the federal rolling 3-month average lead
standard, it is designated attainment for the state lead standard.4
The project would result in emissions of criteria air pollutants for which the California Air Resources Board
(CARB) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have adopted ambient air quality standards (i.e.,
the NAAQS and CAAQS). Projects that emit these pollutants have the potential to cause, or contribute to,
violations of these standards. The SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Significance Thresholds, as revised in April
2019, set forth quantitative emission significance thresholds for criteria air pollutants, which, if exceeded,
would indicate the potential for a project to contribute to violations of the NAAQS or CAAQS. Table 3.3-1
lists the SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds (SCAQMD 2019).
Table 3.3-1. SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants Mass Daily Thresholds
Pollutant Construction (Pounds per Day) Operation (Pounds per Day)
VOCs 75 55
NOx 100 55
CO 550 550
SOx 150 150
PM10 150 150
PM2.5 55 55
Leada 3 3
TACs and Odor Thresholds
TACsb Maximum incremental cancer risk 10 in 1 million
Cancer Burden > 0.5 excess cancer cases (in areas 1 in 1 million)
Chronic and acute hazard index 1.0 (project increment)
Odor Project creates an odor nuisance pursuant to SCAQMD Rule 402
Source: SCAQMD 2019.
3 An area is designated as in attainment when it is in compliance with the NAAQS and/or the CAAQS. The NAAQS and CAAQS are set
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and CARB, respectively, for the maximum level of a given air pollutant that can
exist in the outdoor air without unacceptable effects on human health or the public welfare. Attainment = meets the standards;
attainment/maintenance = achieve the standards after a nonattainment designation; nonattainment = does not meet the standards.
4 Re-designation of the lead NAAQS designation to attainment for the Los Angeles County portion of the SCAB is expected based on
current monitoring data. The phase out of leaded gasoline started in 1976. Since gasoline no longer contains lead, the project is
not anticipated to result in impacts related to lead; therefore, it is not discussed in this analysis.
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Notes: SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District; VOCs = volatile organic compounds; NOx = oxides of nitrogen; CO =
carbon monoxide; SOx = sulfur oxides; PM10 = coarse particulate matter; PM2.5 = fine particulate matter; TAC = toxic air contaminant;
NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; ppm = parts per million; g/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter.
a The phaseout of leaded gasoline started in 1976. Since gasoline no longer contains lead, the project is not anticipated to result
in impacts related to lead; therefore, it is not discussed in this analysis.
b TACs include carcinogens and non-carcinogens.
Short-Term Construction Impacts
Proposed construction activities would result in the temporary addition of pollutants to the local airshed
caused by on-site sources (i.e., off-road construction equipment, soil disturbance, and VOC off-gassing) and
off-site sources (i.e., on-road vendor trucks, haul trucks, and worker vehicle trips). Construction emissions
can vary substantially from day to day, depending on the level of activity; the specific type of operation; and,
for particulate matter, the prevailing weather conditions. Therefore, such emission levels can only be
approximately estimated.
The CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0 was used to estimate emissions from construction of the project.
Internal combustion engines used by construction equipment, trucks, and worker vehicles would result
in emissions of VOCs, NOx, CO, PM10, and PM2.5. PM10 and PM2.5 emissions would also be generated by
entrained dust, which results from the exposure of earth surfaces to wind from the direct disturbance
and movement of soil. The project would be required to comply with SCAQMD Rule 403 to control dust
emissions generated during any dust-generating activities. Standard construction practices that would
be employed to reduce fugitive dust emissions include watering of the active dust areas two times per
day, with additional watering depending on weather conditions. The CalEEMod default assumptions were
used for estimating fugitive dust emissions from grading on site. The project would involve application of
architectural coating (e.g., paint and other finishes) for painting the interior and exterior of the building
as well as parking lot striping. In addition per SCAQMD Rule 1113, only low-VOC coatings will be used for
the building interiors and exteriors.
Emissions from the construction phase of the proposed project were estimated using the California Emissions
Estimator Model (CalEEMod version 2020.4.0) default values. Construction was modeled beginning in March
2023 and conclude in September 2024, lasting approximately 19 months. As a result of demolition, 7,462 tons
of debris were estimated to be exported from the site. The analysis contained herein is based on the following
schedule assumptions (duration of phases is approximate):
▪ Demolition: 4 weeks (March 2023)
▪ Site Preparation: 2 weeks (March 2023 – April 2023)
▪ Grading: 6 weeks (April 2023 – May 2023)
▪ Building construction: 60 weeks (May 2023 – July 2024)
▪ Paving: 4 weeks (July 2024– August 2024)
▪ Application of architectural coatings: 4 weeks (August 2024 – September 2024)
Construction modeling assumptions for equipment and vehicles are provided in Table 3.3-2. Equipment mix and
horsepower were based on CalEEMod default values, including equipment load factor. 505 cubic yards of soils
were assumed to be imported during grading. For the analysis, it was generally assumed that heavy-duty
construction equipment would be operating at the site 5 days per week.
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Table 3.3-2. Construction Scenario Assumptions
Construction
Phase
One-Way Vehicle Trips Equipment
Average Daily
Worker Trips
Average Daily
Vendor Truck Trips
Total Haul
Truck Trips Equipment Type Quantity
Usage
Hours
Demolition 15 0 996 Concrete/industrial
saws
1 8
Excavators 3 8
Rubber-tired dozers 2 8
Site
Preparation
18 0 0 Rubber-tired dozers 3 8
Tractors/loaders/
backhoes
4 8
Grading 20 0 63 Excavators 2 8
Graders 1 8
Rubber-tired dozers 1 8
Scrapers 2 8
Tractors/loaders/
backhoes
2 8
Building
construction
194 75 0 Cranes 1 7
Forklifts 3 8
Generator sets 1 8
Tractors/loaders/
backhoes
3 7
Welders 1 8
Paving 15 0 0 Pavers 2 8
Paving Equipment 2 8
Rollers 2 8
Architectural
coating
39 0 0 Air compressors 1 6
Source: Appendix A.
Table 3.3-3 presents the estimated maximum daily construction emissions generated during
construction of the project. Details of the emission calculations are provided in Appendix A.
Table 3.3-3. Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Criteria Air Pollutant Emission
Year
VOC NOx CO SOx PM10 PM2.5
pounds per day
2023 3.39 34.81 28.83 0.07 10.31 5.77
2024 50.69 16.72 23.56 0.06 3.29 1.32
Maximum 49.35 34.81 28.82 0.07 10.31 5.77
SCAQMD Threshold 75 100 550 150 150 55
Threshold Exceeded? No No No No No No
Notes: VOC = volatile organic compound; NOx = oxides of nitrogen; CO = carbon monoxide; SOx = sulfur oxides; PM10 = coarse
particulate matter; PM2.5 = fine particulate matter; SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District.
Emissions include compliance with SCAQMD Rule 403, water of project site twice daily and Rule 1113 use of low-VOC architectural
coatings (i.e., no more than 50 grams per liter VOC content) for building interiors and exteriors.
See Appendix A for complete results.
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As shown in Table 3.3-3, daily construction emissions would not exceed the SCAQMD significance
thresholds for VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, or PM2.5 during project construction. Note that other than adherence
to the above-referenced regulatory requirements (e.g., SCAQMD Rule 1113, Rule 403), construction emissions
modeling did not take credit for compliance with SWIP SP PEIR mitigation measures that are still applicable to
project construction but did not need to be accounted for in the modeling because construction-related
emissions are already less than significant without mitigation. These applicable mitigation measures include
MM-4.2-1a, MM-4.2-1b, MM-4.2-1c, MM-4.2-1d, MM-4.2-1e, and MM-4.2-1f (these mitigation measures
are listed under the “Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project” subheading, below) and can still
be applied to the project in an effort to reduce the already less-than-significant impacts.
Long-Term Operational Impacts
Operation of the project would generate VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, and PM2.5 emissions from mobile sources,
including vehicle trips; area sources, including the use of consumer products, architectural coatings for
repainting, and landscape maintenance equipment; and energy sources, including combustion of fuels
used for space and water heating, which are described further below.
Area Sources
CalEEMod was used to estimate operational emissions for the project and existing uses from area sources,
including emissions from consumer product use, architectural coatings, and landscape maintenance
equipment. Emissions associated with natural gas usage in space heating and water heating are calculated
in the building energy use module of CalEEMod, as described in the following text.
Consumer products are chemically formulated products used by household and institutional consumers,
including detergents; cleaning compounds; polishes; floor finishes; cosmetics; personal care products; home,
lawn, and garden products; disinfectants; sanitizers; aerosol paints; and automotive specialty products. Other
paint products, furniture coatings, or architectural coatings are not considered consumer products (CAPCOA
2021). Consumer product VOC emissions were estimated in CalEEMod based on the floor area of buildings
and default factor of pounds of VOC per building square foot per day. The CalEEMod default values for
consumer products were assumed.
VOC off-gassing emissions result from evaporation of solvents contained in surface coatings such as in
paints and primers using during building maintenance. CalEEMod calculates the VOC evaporative
emissions from application of surface coatings based on the VOC emission factor, building square footage,
assumed fraction of surface area, and reapplication rate. The VOC emission factor is based on the VOC
content of the surface coatings, and SCAQMD’s Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings) governs the VOC content
for interior and exterior coatings. However, as identified for the project, only low-VOC architectural coatings
(i.e., no more than 50 grams per liter VOC) will be used for the interiors and exteriors of the buildings. The
CalEEMod default of 100 grams per liter was assumed for parking area coatings. The model default
reapplication rate of 10% of area per year is assumed. Consistent with CalEEMod defaults for non-
residential uses, it is assumed that the surface area for painting equals 2.0 times the floor square footage,
with 75% assumed for interior coating and 25% assumed for exterior surface coating (CAPCOA 2021).
Landscape maintenance includes fuel combustion emissions from equipment such as lawn mowers,
rototillers, shredders/grinders, blowers, trimmers, chainsaws, and hedge trimmers. The emissions
associated from landscape equipment use are estimated based on CalEEMod default values for emission
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factors (grams per square foot of building space per day) and number of summer days (when landscape
maintenance would generally be performed) and winter days.
Energy Sources
As represented in CalEEMod, energy sources include emissions associated with building electricity and
natural gas usage (non-hearth). Electricity use would contribute indirectly to criteria air pollutant emissions;
however, the emissions from electricity use are only quantified for GHGs in CalEEMod, since criteria
pollutant emissions occur at the power plant, which is typically off site.
CalEEMod default values for energy consumption for each land use were applied for the project and existing
analyses. The energy use from non-residential land uses is calculated in CalEEMod based on the California
Commercial End-Use Survey database. Energy use in buildings (both natural gas and electricity) is divided
by the program into end-use categories subject to Title 24 requirements (end uses associated with the
building envelope, such as the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, water heating
system, and integrated lighting) and those not subject to Title 24 requirements (such as appliances,
electronics, and miscellaneous “plug-in” uses). CalEEMod assumes compliance with the 2019 Title 24
code. Notably, neither the project nor existing warehouses are cold storage facilities.
Mobile Sources
Following the completion of construction activities, the project would generate criteria air pollutant
emissions from mobile sources (vehicular traffic) as a result of employees and visitors of the project.
Based on the Trip Generation and Vehicle Miles Travel (VMT) Screening Analysis for the Santa Ana and
Almond Avenue Warehouse, City of Fontana (Transportation Screening Assessment) for the project, there
would be 346 total vehicle trips per day, 107 of which are trucks and 239 are passenger cars (Dudek
2022). For the existing industrial land uses, trip generation was provided in the Transportation Screening
Assessment at 109 total vehicle trips per day, 34 of which are trucks and 75 are passenger cars. The
truck breakdown by axle was also taken from the Transportation Screening Assessment. CalEEMod was
used to estimate emissions from proposed vehicular sources (refer to Appendix A). CalEEMod default
data, including temperature, trip characteristics, variable start information, and emissions factors, were
conservatively used for the model inputs. Project-related traffic was assumed to include a mixture of
vehicles in accordance with the associated use (as discussed below), as modeled within CalEEMod, which
is based on the California Air Resources Board (CARB) EMFAC2017 model. Emission factors representing
the vehicle mix and emissions for year 2025 (for the project) and year 2022 (for existing uses) were used
to estimate emissions associated with vehicular sources. Two land uses in CalEEMod were used to model
emissions from mobile sources. The “unrefrigerated warehouse-rail” land use was used to model trucks
and the “unrefrigerated warehouse-no rail” was used to model passenger cars. The trip rates (as stated
above) were apportioned to each land use from the Transportation Screening Assessment. The fleet mix
for trucks was determined based off the Transportation Screening Assessment and included the following
vehicle categories: 2-axle trucks (50% LHD1 and 50% LHD2), 3-axle trucks (MHD), and 4-axle trucks
(HHD). The fleet mix for passenger vehicles was assumed consistent with the EMFAC fleet mix for the air
basin for the following vehicle categories: LDA, LDT1, LDT2, and MDV. Vehicle trip lengths were assumed
to be 40 miles for truck trips (in accordance with SCAQMD guidance) and 16.6 miles for employee
passenger car trips, which is the CalEEMod default for the air basin.
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Solid Waste
The project would generate solid waste, and therefore, result in CO2e emissions associated with landfill off-
gassing. CalEEMod default values for solid waste generation were used to estimate GHG emissions associated
with solid waste for the project and existing uses.
Water
Supply, conveyance, treatment, and distribution of water for the proposed project require the use of
electricity, which would result in associated indirect GHG emissions. Similarly, wastewater generated by the
proposed project requires the use of electricity for conveyance and treatment, along with GHG emissions
generated during wastewater treatment. The indoor and outdoor water use and electricity consumption
from water use and wastewater generation were estimated using CalEEMod default values for the proposed
project. Water use for the existing land uses were also estimated.
Off-Road Sources
Compressed natural gas (CNG) forklifts are included in the project’s emission inventory. Methods and
assumptions to estimate these sources of emissions are discussed below.
The SCAQMD published a high cube warehouse truck trip study white paper summary of business survey
results (SCAQMD Survey), which summarizes various operational results from 34 operating high cube
warehouses (SCAQMD 2014). The SCAQMD Survey reported an average of 0.12 forklifts/pallet jacks per
1,000 square feet of building area, which was applied to the proposed project. Note that this estimate is for
total forklifts and pallet jacks while pallet jacks are small as they are primarily used to lift small loads in tight
quarters (and are electric or manual); therefore, assuming all pieces of equipment are forklifts is conservative.
The high cube warehouse factor of 0.12 forklifts/pallet jacks per 1,000 square feet of building area was
applied for the project, resulting in a total of 25 forklifts. The forklifts were modeled in CalEEMod as 89-
horsepower CNG forklifts that would operate at 8 hours per day, 365 days per year. Notably, although the
existing use are also industrial uses, no forklifts were assumed as a conservative approach.
Emissions from the operational phase of the project and existing land uses were estimated using CalEEMod.
Table 3.3-4 presents the net change maximum daily area, energy, mobile, and offroad source emissions
associated with operation of the project in year 2025 and operation of the existing land uses in year 2022, and
the estimated net change in emissions (project minus the existing scenario). The values shown are the maximum
summer or winter daily emissions (i.e., worst-case) results from CalEEMod. Details of the emission calculations
are provided in Appendix A. Notably, the project would also be required to comply with Ordinance No. 1891,
which includes additional requirements for all warehouse projects within the City, pertaining to buffering and
screening specifications, signage and traffic patterns, alternative energy, and construction and operation.
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Table 3.3-4. Estimated Maximum Daily Operation Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions
Emissions Source
VOC NOx CO SOx PM10 PM2.5-
Pounds per Day
Project
Area 4.55 <0.01 0.04 0.00 <0.01 <0.01
Energy 0.01 0.12 0.10 <0.01 0.01 0.01
Mobile 0.70 18.78 12.64 0.13 7.11 2.06
Offroad (Forklifts) 0.50 23.94 238.98 0.04 0.46 0.46
Total 5.76 42.84 251.76 0.16 7.58 2.53
Existing
Area 0.72 <0.01 <0.01 0.00 <0.01 <0.01
Energy <0.01 0.02 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Mobile 0.36 7.10 4.68 0.04 2.28 0.69
Total 1.08 7.12 4.69 0.04 2.28 0.69
Net Change in Emissions
Net Change (Project – Existing) 4.68 35.72 249.18 0.12 5.30 1.84
SCAQMD Threshold 55 55 550 150 150 55
Threshold Exceeded? No No No No No No
Notes: VOC = volatile organic compound; NOx = oxides of nitrogen; CO = carbon monoxide; SOx = sulfur oxides; PM10 = coarse
particulate matter; PM2.5 = fine particulate matter; SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District.
See Attachment A for complete results. Columns may not add due to rounding. Values of “<0.01” indicate that the estimated emissions
are less than two decimals.
As shown in Table 3.3-4, maximum daily operational emissions of VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10, and PM2.5
generated by the project would not exceed the SCAQMD’s significance thresholds. Note that other than
adherence to the above-referenced regulatory requirements (e.g., SCAQMD Rule 1113, Rule 403), operational
emissions modeling did not take credit for compliance with SWIP SP PEIR mitigation measures that are still
applicable to project construction but did not need to be accounted for in the modeling because operational-
related emissions are already less than significant without mitigation. These applicable mitigation measures
include MM-4.2-2c, MM-4.2-2d, MM-4.2-2e, MM-4.2-2f, MM-4.2-2g, and MM-4.2-2j (these mitigation
measures are listed under the “Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project” subheading, below) and
can still be applied to the project in an effort to already reduce the less-than-significant impacts.
In considering cumulative impacts from the project, the analysis must specifically evaluate a project’s
contribution to the cumulative increase in pollutants for which the SCAB is designated as nonattainment
for the CAAQS and NAAQS. If a project’s emissions would exceed SCAQMD’s significance thresholds, it
would be considered to have a cumulatively considerable contribution to nonattainment status in the SCAB.
If a project does not exceed thresholds and is determined to have less than significant project-specific
impacts, it may still contribute to a significant cumulative impact on air quality. The basis for analyzing the
project’s cumulatively considerable contribution is if the project’s contribution accounts for a significant
proportion of the cumulative total emissions (i.e., it represents a “cumulatively considerable contribution”
to the cumulative air quality impact) and consistency with SCAQMD’s 2016 AQMP, which addresses
cumulative emissions in the SCAB.
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The SCAB has been designated as a federal nonattainment area for O3 and PM2.5 and a state nonattainment
area for O3, PM10, and PM2.5. The nonattainment status is the result of cumulative emissions from various
sources of air pollutants and their precursors within the SCAB, including motor vehicles, off-road equipment,
and commercial and industrial facilities. Construction of the project would generate VOC and NOx emissions
(which are precursors to O3) and emissions of PM10 and PM2.5. As indicated in Tables 3.3-3 and 3.3-4, project-
generated construction and operational emissions would not exceed SCAQMD’s emission-based significance
thresholds for VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, PM10, or PM2.5.
Cumulative localized impacts would potentially occur if a construction project were to occur concurrently
with another off-site project. Construction schedules for potential future projects near the project site are
currently unknown; therefore, potential construction impacts associated with two or more simultaneous
projects would be speculative.5 However, future projects would be subject to CEQA and would require an
air quality analysis and, where necessary, mitigation if the project would exceed SCAQMD’s significance
thresholds. Criteria air pollutant emissions associated with construction activity of future proposed projects
would be reduced through implementation of control measures required by SCAQMD. Cumulative PM10 and
PM2.5 emissions would be reduced because all future projects would be subject to SCAQMD Rule 403
(Fugitive Dust), which sets forth general and specific requirements for all construction sites in the SCAQMD.
Based on the previous considerations, the project would not result in a cumulatively considerable increase in
emissions of nonattainment pollutants, cumulative impacts would be less than significant, and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
c) Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that construction and operation of the SWIP SP would not expose any
sensitive receptors to substantial, localized pollutant concentrations. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that air
quality impacts related to localized pollutant concentrations would be less than significant and no
mitigation was required.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis.
Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive receptors are those individuals more susceptible to the effects of air pollution than the population
at large. People most likely to be affected by air pollution include children, the elderly, and people with
cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases. According to the SCAQMD, sensitive receptors include
sites such as residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, long-term healthcare facilities,
rehabilitation centers, convalescent centers, and retirement homes (SCAQMD 1993).
5 The CEQA Guidelines state that if a particular impact is too speculative for evaluation, the agency should note its conclusion and
terminate discussion of the impact (14 CCR 15145). This discussion is nonetheless provided in an effort to show good-faith
analysis and to comply with CEQA’s information disclosure requirements.
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Several low-density residential uses, which are largely used for home-based trucking and heavy equipment
businesses, are scattered throughout the SWIP SP area. The closest sensitive receptors is the Henry J. Kaiser
High School, located approximately 200 meters (656 feet to the south).
Localized Significance Thresholds
The SCAQMD recommends a localized significance threshold (LST) analysis to evaluate localized air quality
impacts to sensitive receptors in the immediate vicinity of the project as a result of project activities. The
impacts were analyzed using methods consistent with those in the SCAQMD’s Final Localized Significance
Threshold Methodology (SCAQMD 2008a). The project is located within Source-Receptor Area 34 (Central
San Bernardino Valley). This analysis applies the SCAQMD LST values for a 3-acre site within Source-
Receptor Area 34 with a receptor distance of 200 meters (656 feet). As a result of the HRA for construction
activities, all equipment over 50 horsepower (HP) would meet Tier 4 Interim EPA regulatory emission standards
consistent with MM-4.2-1a. Therefore, for the LST analysis, all equipment over 50 HP were modeled meeting
Tier 4 Interim EPA regulatory emission standards. The passenger vehicle and truck trips during construction
and operation were modeled using a 1,320-foot (0.25 miles) trip distance to capture on-site emissions. The
maximum allowable daily emissions that would satisfy the SCAQMD localized significance criteria for
Source-Receptor Area 34 are presented in Table 3.3-5 and compared to the maximum daily on-site
construction and operational emissions.
Table 3.3-5. Localized Significance Thresholds Analysis for the Project
Pollutant
Project Emissions
(Pounds per Day)
LST Criteria
(Pounds per Day) Exceeds LST?
Construction
NO2 34.57 414 No
CO 28.18 7,075 No
PM10 10.12 91 No
PM2.5 5.71 29 No
Operations
NO2 25.61 486 No
CO 241.54 8,532 No
PM10 0.55 26 No
PM2.5 0.50 9 No
Source: SCAQMD 2008a.
Notes: LST = localized significance threshold; NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; CO = carbon monoxide; PM10 = coarse particulate matter;
PM2.5 = fine particulate matter.
See Appendix A for detailed results.
These estimates reflect control of fugitive dust required by Rule 403 and represent the worst-case operating scenario during construction.
As shown in Table 3.3-5, the project LST would not exceed the established significance thresholds, and thus,
would result in a less than significant localized impact to sensitive receptors during construction and operation.
CO Hotspots
Traffic-congested roadways and intersections have the potential to generate localized high levels of CO.
Localized areas where ambient concentrations exceed federal and/or state standards for CO are termed
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“CO hotspots.” The transport of CO is extremely limited, as it disperses rapidly with distance from the
source. Under certain extreme meteorological conditions, however, CO concentrations near a congested
roadway or intersection may reach unhealthy levels, affecting sensitive receptors. Typically, high CO
concentrations are associated with severely congested intersections operating at an unacceptable level of
service (LOS) (LOS E or worse is unacceptable). Projects contributing to adverse traffic impacts may result
in the formation of a CO hotspot. Additional analysis of CO hotspot impacts would be conducted if a project
would result in a significant impact or contribute to an adverse traffic impact at a signalized intersection
that would potentially subject sensitive receptors to CO hotspots.
As provided in Section 3.17, the project would not result in a significant impact or contribute to an adverse
traffic impact at a signalized intersection. Accordingly, the project would not generate traffic that would
contribute to potential adverse traffic impacts that may result in the formation of CO hotspots.
In addition, due to continued improvement in vehicular emissions at a rate faster than the rate of vehicle
growth and/or congestion, the potential for CO hotspots in the SCAB is steadily decreasing. Based on these
considerations, the proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact to air quality with regard
to potential CO hotspots.
Construction Health Risk Assessment
In addition to impacts from criteria pollutants, certain projects may include emissions of pollutants
identified by the state and federal government as toxic air contaminants (TACs) or hazardous air pollutants.
State law has established the framework for California’s TAC identification and control project, which is
generally more stringent than the federal project, and is aimed at TACs that are a problem in California. The
state has formally identified more than 200 substances as TACs, including the federal hazardous air
pollutants, and is adopting appropriate control measures for sources of these TACs.
Health impacts associated with TACs are generally associated with long-term exposure. There are no
meaningful sources of TACs for the operating phase of the project and, therefore, no reason to expect
health impacts related to TACs. The greatest potential for TAC emissions during construction would be
diesel particulate emissions from heavy equipment operations and heavy-duty trucks. In an abundance of
caution, a voluntary construction health risk assessment (HRA) was performed for the project. The following
paragraphs describe the construction HRA, and the detailed assessment is provided in Appendix A.
The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment’s (OEHHA’s) most recent guidance is the 2015
Risk Assessment Guidelines Manual (OEHHA 2015), which was adopted in 2015 to replace the 2003
HRA Guidance Manual. The Children’s Environmental Health Protection Act of 1999 (Senate Bill [SB] 25),
which requires explicit consideration of infants and children in assessing risks from air toxics, requires
revisions of the methods for both non-cancer and cancer risk assessment and of the exposure
assumptions in the 2003 HRA Guidance Manual. Cancer risk parameters, such as age-sensitivity factors,
daily breathing rates, exposure period, fraction of time at home, and cancer potency factors, were based
on the values and data recommended by OEHHA as implemented in HARP2. SCAQMD’s Modeling
Guidance for American Meteorological Society/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) (SCAQMD 2018) and
Health Risk Assessment Guidance for Analyzing Cancer Risks from Mobile Source Diesel Idling Emissions
for CEQA Air Quality Analysis (SCAQMD 2003b) provides guidance to perform dispersion modeling for use
in HRAs within the SCAB.
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Health effects from carcinogenic air toxics are usually described in terms of cancer risk. The SCAQMD
recommends a carcinogenic (cancer) risk threshold of 10 in one million. Some TACs increase noncancer
health risk due to long-term (chronic) exposures. The Chronic Hazard Index (HIC) is the sum of the individual
substance chronic hazard indices for all TACs affecting the same target organ system. The HIC estimates
for all receptor types used the ‘OEHHA Derived’ calculation method, which uses high-end exposure
parameters for the inhalation and next top two exposure pathways and mean exposure parameters for the
remaining pathways for non-cancer risk estimates. The HIC is the sum of the individual substance chronic
hazard indices for all TACs affecting the same target organ system.6 A hazard index less than one (1.0)
means that adverse health effects are not expected. Within this analysis, noncarcinogenic exposures of
less than 1.0 are considered less than significant. The SCAQMD recommends a HIC significance threshold
of 1.0 (project increment) and an acute hazard index of 1.0. The exhaust from diesel engines is a complex
mixture of gases, vapors, and particles, many of which are known human carcinogens. Diesel particulate
matter (DPM) has established cancer risk factors and relative exposure values for long-term chronic health
hazard impacts. No short-term, acute relative exposure values are established and regulated and are
therefore not addressed in this assessment.
The dispersion modeling was performed using AERMOD, which is the model SCAQMD requires for atmospheric
dispersion of emissions. AERMOD (version 21112) is a steady-state Gaussian plume model that incorporates
air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment
of surface and elevated sources, building downwash, and simple and complex terrain (EPA 2019).
The project’s potential cancer and noncancer health impacts was evaluated using exposure periods
appropriate to evaluate short-term emission increases. The exposure duration for a student would start at
age 14 through age 18 at a high school (Henry J. Kaiser High School). Emissions dispersion of DPM was
modeled using AERMOD, then cancer risk and noncancer health impacts subsequently using the CARB
HARP2. HARP2 (ADMRT, version 22118) implements the March 2015 OEHHA age-weighting methodology
for assessing toxics risks. The chemical exposure results were then compared to SCAQMD thresholds to
assess project significance. Principal parameters of this modeling are presented in Table 3.3-6.
Table 3.3-6. Construction Health Risk Assessment American Meteorological
Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Principal Parameters
Parameter Details
Dispersion Model The air dispersion model used was AERMOD, Version 21112, with the Lakes Environmental
Software implementation/user interface, AERMOD View, Version 10.2.1. A unit emission
rate (1 gram per second (g/s)) was normalized over the line of adjacent volume sources
and area sources for the AERMOD run to obtain the “Χ/Q” values. Χ/Q is a dispersion
factor that is the average effluent concentration normalized by source strength, and is used
as a way to simplify the representation of emissions from many sources. The maximum
concentrations were determined for the 1-hour and Period averaging periods.
Meteorological Data The latest 5-year meteorological data (2012-2016) for the Fontana station were used
in the analysis as the most representative data set.
Urban versus Rural
Option
Urban areas typically have more surface roughness, as well as structures and low-
albedo surfaces that absorb more sunlight—and thus more heat—relative to rural areas.
The urban dispersion option was selected and the San Bernardino County population of
2,035,210 persons was input into AERMOD.
6 The Chronic Hazard Index estimates for all receptor types used the OEHHA Derived calculation method (OEHHA 2015).
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Table 3.3-6. Construction Health Risk Assessment American Meteorological
Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Principal Parameters
Parameter Details
Terrain
Characteristics and
Elevation Data
The terrain in the vicinity of the modeled project site is varied. Digital elevation model
files were imported into AERMOD so that complex terrain features were evaluated as
appropriate, and elevations were assigned to the emission sources and receptors.
Digital elevation data were obtained through AERMOD View in the U.S. Geological
Survey’s National Elevation Dataset format with an approximately 1 arc-second
resolution.
Emission Sources
and Release
Parameters
Air dispersion modeling of DPM emissions was conducted assuming the equipment and
trucks would operate in accordance with the modeling scenario estimated in CalEEMod
(Appendix A). The construction equipment and diesel truck DPM emissions were modeled
as a line of adjacent volume sources across the project site to represent construction with a
release height of 5 meters, plume height of 10 meters, and plume width of 9 meters.
Receptors The health risk assessment evaluates the risk to existing off-site and future on-site
sensitive receptors located in proximity to the project. A uniform Cartesian grid of
receptors spaced 50 meters apart, 1,000 meters from the project site, and then
converted to discrete receptors.
Notes: AERMOD = American Meteorological Society/EPA Regulatory Model; DPM = diesel particulate matter; CalEEMod = California
Emissions Estimator Model; SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District.
See Appendix A for additional information.
This HRA evaluated impacts using a uniform Cartesian grid of receptors spaced 50 meters apart, 1,000
meters from the project site, and then converted to discrete receptors.
Construction of project components would require use of heavy-duty construction equipment, which is
subject to a CARB Airborne Toxics Control Measure for in-use diesel construction equipment to reduce
diesel particulate emissions, and would involve use of diesel trucks, which are also subject to an Airborne
Toxics Control Measure. Construction of project components would occur over a total of 1.5 years and
would be periodic and short term within each phase. Following completion of construction activities, project-
related TAC emissions would cease. Of importance, it was assumed that for all off-road equipment over 50
HP used during project construction would meet Tier 4 interim standards consistent with MM 4.2-1a. The
results of the HRA during construction are provided in Table 3.3-7.
Table 3.3-7. Construction Activity Health Risk Assessment Results
Impact Parameter Units Project Impact CEQA Threshold
Level of
Significance
MICR Per Million 0.03 10.0 Less than
Significant
HIC Not Applicable 0.0001 1.0 Less than
Significant
Source: Appendix A.
Notes: CEQA = California Environmental Quality Act; MICR = maximum individual cancer risk; HIC = Chronic Hazard Index.
The results of the construction analysis demonstrate that the construction TAC emissions exhibit a
maximum individual cancer risk below the 10 in a million threshold and below the HIC threshold of 1.0.
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Therefore, short-term construction impacts associated with exposing sensitive receptors to substantial
pollutant concentrations would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur
compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
Operational Health Risk Assessment
Consistent with MM-4.2-2l from the SWIP SP PEIR, new warehouse facilities or distribution centers that
generate a minimum of 100 truck trips per day, or 40 truck trips with transport refrigeration units per day, or
transport refrigeration unit operations exceeding 300 hours per week shall not be located closer than 1,000
feet from any existing or proposed sensitive land use unless the increase in health risk for such sensitive
receptors due to an individual project is shown to be less than the SCAQMD’s thresholds of significance. The
project is anticipated to generate 107 truck trips per day, however, will not include a refrigerated space (and
thus, no transport refrigeration units would visit the project). Thus, an operational HRA was performed for the
project. The following paragraphs describe the operational HRA, and the detailed assessment is provided
in Appendix A.
For the operational health risk, the operation year 2025 was assumed consistent with completion of project
construction. Emissions from the operation of the project include truck trips and truck idling emissions. For
risk assessment purposes, PM10 in diesel exhaust is considered DPM, originating mainly from truck
traveling on site and off site and truck idling located at the loading docks. Truck travel and idling emission
rates were obtained from CARB’s EMFAC2017. Emission factors representing the vehicle mix and
emissions for 2025 were used to estimate emissions associated with operation of the project. Truck idling
would be limited to 5 minutes in accordance with CARB’s adopted Airborne Toxic Control Measure; however,
truck idling was conservatively assumed to idle for 15 minutes.7 Therefore, the analysis conservatively
overestimates DPM emissions from idling. All deliveries would occur Monday through Sunday. Electric-
powered forklifts will be operated in the loading dock areas.
Conservatively, a 2025 EMFAC2017 run was conducted and a constant 2025 emission factor data set was
used for the entire duration of the analysis (i.e., 30 years). Use of the 2025 emission factors would overstate
potential impacts since this approach does not include reductions in emissions due to fleet turnover or cleaner
technology with lower emissions. The truck travel DPM emissions were calculated by applying the exhaust PM10
emission factor from EMFAC2017 and the total truck trip number over the length of the distance traveled. In
addition, the on-site truck idling exhaust emissions were calculated by applying the idle exhaust PM10 emission
factor from EMFAC2017 and total truck trip over the total idling time (i.e., 15 minutes).
The dispersion modeling was performed using AERMOD (version 21112). The truck traffic was modeled as
a line of adjacent volume sources from I-10 to the project site and truck travel on site to estimate emissions
at proximate receptors. Truck idling was modeled as stationary sources.
7 Although the project is required to comply with CARB’s idling limit of 5 minutes, on-site idling emissions was estimated for 15
minutes of truck idling, which would take into account on-site idling while the trucks are waiting to pull up to the loading dock,
idling at the loading dock, and idling during check-in and check-out.
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As previously described, health effects from carcinogenic air toxics are usually described in terms of cancer
risk. The SCAQMD recommends a carcinogenic (cancer) risk threshold of 10 in 1 million. Some TACs
increase noncancer health risk due to long-term (chronic) exposures. A hazard index less than one (1.0)
means that adverse health effects are not expected. Within this analysis, noncarcinogenic exposures of
less than 1.0 are considered less than significant. The exhaust from diesel engines is a complex mixture of
gases, vapors, and particles, many of which are known human carcinogens. DPM has established cancer
risk factors and relative exposure values for long-term chronic health hazard impacts. No short-term, acute
relative exposure values are established and regulated and are therefore not addressed in this assessment.
Dudek evaluated the project’s potential cancer and noncancer health impacts using exposure periods
appropriate to evaluate long-term emission increases (third trimester of pregnancy to 30 years). Emissions
dispersion of DPM was modeled using AERMOD, then cancer risk and noncancer health impacts
subsequently using the CARB HARP2 (ADMRT, version 22118). The chemical exposure results were then
compared to SCAQMD thresholds to assess project significance. Principal parameters of this modeling are
presented in Table 3.3-8.
Table 3.3-8. Operational Health Risk Assessment American Meteorological
Society/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model Operational
Principal Parameters
Parameter Details
Meteorological Data The latest 5-year meteorological data (2012-2016) for the Fontana station were used in
the analysis as the most representative data set.
Urban versus Rural
Option
Urban areas typically have more surface roughness, as well as structures and low-
albedo surfaces that absorb more sunlight—and thus more heat—relative to rural areas.
The urban dispersion option was selected and the San Bernardino County population of
2,035,210 persons was input into AERMOD.
Terrain
Characteristics
The terrain in the vicinity of the modeled project site is varied. Digital elevation model
files were imported into AERMOD so that complex terrain features were evaluated as
appropriate, and elevations were assigned to the emission sources and receptors.
Digital elevation data were obtained through AERMOD View in the U.S. Geological
Survey’s National Elevation Dataset format with an approximately 1 arc-second
resolution.
Emission Sources
and Release
Parameters
Air dispersion modeling of operational activities was conducted using emissions
generated using EMFAC2017.
Source Release
Characterizations
Off-site and on-site truck travel were modeled as a line of adjacent volume sources, and
based on EPA methodology, the modeled sources would result in a release height of 3.4
meters, a plume height of 6.8 meters, and a plume width of 21.34 meters. The truck
idling emissions were modeled as a stationary source with a 4 meter exhaust height and
0.1 meters exhaust diameter (EPA 2021; SCAQMD 2003b; SJVAPCD 2006). The
proposed project building was modeled to account for building downwash.
Notes: AERMOD = American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model; SCAQMD = South Coast Air
Quality Management District; EPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
See Appendix A
This HRA evaluated impacts using a uniform Cartesian grid of receptors spaced 50 meters apart and then
converted to discrete receptors.
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For the operational health risk, the HRA assumes exposure would start age 14 through age 18 for a
student (Henry J. Kaiser High School). The SCAQMD has also established noncarcinogenic risk
parameters for use in HRAs since some TACs increase non-cancer health risk due to long-term (chronic)
exposures. Noncarcinogenic risks are quantified by calculating a hazard index, expressed as the ratio
between the ambient pollutant concentration and its toxicity or REL, which is a concentration at or below
which health effects are not likely to occur. The chronic hazard index is the sum of the individual
substance chronic hazard indices for all TACs affecting the same target organ system, similarly calculated
for acute hazard index. The results of the HRA during operation are provided in Table 3.3-9.
Table 3.3-9. Operational Health Risk Assessment Results
Impact Parameter Units
Project
Impact
CEQA
Threshold Level of Significance
MICR Per Million 4.81 10 Less than Significant
HIC Index Value 0.002 1.0 Less than Significant
Source: SCAQMD 2019; Appendix A.
Notes: CEQA = California Environmental Quality Act; MICR = maximum individual cancer risk; HIC = Chronic Hazard Index.
The results of the operational analysis demonstrate that the exhibit maximum individual cancer risk are
below the 10 in a million threshold and HIC threshold.
Therefore, long-term operational impacts associated with exposing sensitive receptors to substantial
pollutant concentrations would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur
compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
Health Effects of Criteria Air Pollutants
Construction and operation of the project would generate criteria air pollutant emissions; however,
estimated construction and operational emissions would not exceed the SCAQMD mass-emission daily
thresholds as shown in Tables 3.3-3 and 3.3-4, respectively. As previously discussed, the SCAB has been
designated as a federal nonattainment area for O3 and PM2.5 and a state nonattainment area for O3, PM10,
and PM2.5.
Health effects associated with O3 include respiratory symptoms, worsening of lung disease leading to
premature death, and damage to lung tissue (CARB 2019b). VOCs and NOx are precursors to O3, for which
the SCAB is designated as nonattainment with respect to the NAAQS and CAAQS. The contribution of VOCs
and NOx to regional ambient O3 concentrations is the result of complex photochemistry. The increases in
O3 concentrations in the SCAB due to O3 precursor emissions tend to be found downwind from the source
location to allow time for the photochemical reactions to occur. However, the potential for exacerbating
excessive O3 concentrations would also depend on the time of year that the VOC emissions would occur
because exceedances of the O3 ambient air quality standards tend to occur between April and October
when solar radiation is highest. The holistic effect of a single project’s emissions of O3 precursors is
speculative because of the lack of quantitative methods to assess this impact. Because construction and
operation of the project would not result in O3 precursor emissions (i.e., VOCs or NOX) that would exceed
the SCAQMD thresholds, as shown in Tables 3.3-3 and 3.3-4, the project is not anticipated to substantially
contribute to regional O3 concentrations and their associated health impacts.
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Health effects associated with NOx include lung irritation and enhanced allergic responses (CARB 2019b).
Construction and operation of the project would not generate NOx emissions that would exceed the
SCAQMD mass daily thresholds; therefore, construction and operation of the project is not anticipated to
contribute to exceedances of the NAAQS and CAAQS for NO2 or contribute to associated health effects. In
addition, the SCAB is designated as in attainment of the NAAQS and CAAQS for NO2 and the existing NO2
concentrations in the area are well below the NAAQS and CAAQS standards.
Health effects associated with CO include chest pain in patients with heart disease, headache, light-
headedness, and reduced mental alertness (CARB 2019b). CO tends to be a localized impact associated
with congested intersections. CO hotspots were discussed previously as a less-than-significant impact.
Thus, the project’s CO emissions would not contribute to the health effects associated with this pollutant.
Health effects associated with PM10 and PM2.5 include premature death and hospitalization, primarily for
worsening of respiratory disease (CARB 2019b). As with O3 and NOX, and as shown in Tables 3.3-3 and
3.3-4, the project would not generate emissions of PM10 or PM2.5 that would exceed the SCAQMD’s
thresholds. Accordingly, the project’s PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are not expected to cause an increase in
related health effects for this pollutant.
Therefore, impacts associated with adverse health impacts associated with criteria pollutants would be
less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in
the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
d) Would the project result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a
substantial number of people?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would not expose a substantial number
of people to objectionable odors.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The occurrence and
severity of potential odor impacts depend on numerous factors. The nature, frequency, and intensity of the
source; the wind speeds and direction; and the sensitivity of receiving location each contribute to the
intensity of the impact. Although offensive odors seldom cause physical harm, they can be annoying and
cause distress among the public and generate citizen complaints.
Odors would be potentially generated from vehicles and equipment exhaust emissions during construction
of the project. Potential odors produced during construction would be attributable to concentrations of
unburned hydrocarbons from tailpipes of construction equipment, architectural coatings, and asphalt
pavement application. Such odors would disperse rapidly from the project site and generally occur at
magnitudes that would not affect substantial numbers of people. In addition, in terms of odors during
operation, land uses and industrial operations associated with odor complaints include agricultural uses,
wastewater treatment plants, food-processing plants, chemical plants, composting, refineries, landfills,
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dairies, and fiberglass molding (SCAQMD 1993). The project entails operation of an industrial/warehouse
facility and does not include any of the aforementioned odor-generating uses or activities.
Therefore, impacts associated with other emissions, including odors, would be less than significant and no
new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to air quality to be
implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum:
MM-4.2-2k Prior to approval of future development projects within the project area, the City of Fontana
shall conduct a project‐level environmental review to determine potential vehicle emission
impacts associated with the project(s). Mitigation measures shall be developed for each
project as it is considered to mitigate potentially significant impacts to the extent feasible.
Potential mitigation measures may require that facilities with over 250 employees (full or
part‐time employees at a worksite for a consecutive six‐month period calculated as a
monthly average), as required by the Air Quality Management Plan, implement
Transportation Demand Management (TDM) programs.
MM-4.2-2l New warehouse facilities or distribution centers that generate a minimum of 100 truck
trips per day, or 40 truck trips with transport refrigeration units (TRUs) per day, or TRU
operations exceeding 300 hours per week shall not be located closer than 1,000 feet from
any existing or proposed sensitive land use such as residential, a hospital, medical offices,
day care facilities, and/or fire stations (pursuant to the recommendations set forth in the
CARB Air Quality and Land Use Handbook), unless the increase in health risk for such
sensitive receptors due to an individual project is shown to be less than the South Coast
Air Quality Management District’s thresholds of significance (Maximum Incremental
Cancer Risk ≥ 10 in 1 million; Cancer Burden > 0.5 excess cancer cases [in areas ≥ 1 in 1
million]; and Chronic & Acute Hazard Index ≥ 1.0 [project increment]). With regard to
expansions/modifications of existing warehouse facilities or distribution centers, this
mitigation measure shall be applied to the resulting incremental net increase in truck trips
or TRU operations, and any resulting net increase in health risk impacts, as compared to
those existing at the time an expansion/modification project is proposed.
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to air
quality to be implemented following project approval:
▪ MM-4.2-1a All construction equipment shall be maintained in good operating condition
so as to reduce emissions. The construction contractor shall ensure that all construction
equipment is being properly serviced and maintained as per the manufacturer’s
specification. Maintenance records shall be available at the construction site for City
verification. The following additional measures, as determined applicable by the City
Engineer, shall be included as conditions of the Grading Permit issuance:
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
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▪ Provide temporary traffic controls such as a flag person, during all phases of
construction to maintain smooth traffic flow.
▪ Provide dedicated turn lanes for movement of construction trucks and equipment
on- and off-site.
▪ Reroute construction trucks away from congested streets or sensitive receptor areas.
▪ Appoint a construction relations officer to act as a community liaison concerning on-
site construction activity including resolution of issues related to PM10 generation.
▪ Improve traffic flow by signal synchronization, and ensure that all vehicles and equipment
will be properly tuned and maintained according to manufacturers’ specifications.
▪ Require the use of 2010 and newer diesel haul trucks (e.g., material delivery trucks
and soil import/export). If the lead agency determines that 2010 model year or newer
diesel trucks cannot be obtained the lead agency shall use trucks that meet EPA 2007
model year NOX and PM emissions requirements.
▪ During project construction, all internal combustion engines/construction equipment
operating on the project site shall meet EPA-Certified Tier 3 emissions standards, or
higher according to the following:
- January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014: All off-road diesel-powered construction
equipment greater than 50 hp shall meet Tier 3 offroad emissions standards. In
addition, all construction equipment shall be outfitted with BACT devices certified by
CARB. Any emissions control device used by the contractor shall achieve emissions
reductions that are no less than what could be achieved by a Level 3 diesel emissions
control strategy for a similarly sized engine as defined by CARB regulations.
- Post-January 1, 2015: All off-road diesel-powered construction equipment greater
than 50 hp shall meet the Tier 4 emission standards, where available. In addition, all
construction equipment shall be outfitted with BACT devices certified by CARB. Any
emissions control device used by the contractor shall achieve emissions reductions
that are no less than what could be achieved by a Level 3 diesel emissions control
strategy for a similarly sized engine as defined by CARB regulations.
- A copy of each unit’s certified tier specification, BACT documentation, and CARB
or SCAQMD operating permit shall be provided at the time of mobilization of each
applicable unit of equipment.
MM-4.2-1b Prior to the issuance of any grading permits, all applicants shall submit construction plans
to the City of Fontana denoting the proposed schedule and projected equipment use.
Construction contractors shall provide evidence that low emission mobile construction
equipment will be utilized, or that their use was investigated and found to be infeasible for
the project. Contractors shall also conform to any construction measures imposed by the
SCAQMD as well as City Planning Staff.
MM-4.2-1c All paints and coatings shall meet or exceed performance standards noted in SCAQMD
Rule 1113. Specifically, the following measures shall be implemented, as feasible:
▪ Use coatings and solvents with a VOC content lower than that required under AQMD
Rule 1113.
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Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
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FEBRUARY 2023
▪ Construct or build with materials that do not require painting.
▪ Require the use of pre-painted construction materials.
MM-4.2-1d Projects that result in the construction of more than 19 single-family residential units, 40
multifamily residential units, or 45,000 square feet of retail/commercial/industrial space
shall be required to apply paints either by hand or high volume, low pressure (HVLP) spray.
These measures may reduce volatile organic compounds (VOC) associated with the
application of paints and coatings by an estimated 60 to 75 percent. Alternatively, the
contractor may specify the use of low volatility paints and coatings. Several of currently
available primers have VOC contents of less than 0.85 pounds per gallon (e.g., Dulux
professional exterior primer 100 percent acrylic). Top coats can be less than 0.07 pounds
per gallon (8 grams per liter) (e.g., lifemaster 2000-series). This latter measure would
reduce these VOC emissions by more than 70 percent. Larger projects should incorporate
both the use of HVLP or hand application and the requirement for low volatility coatings.
MM-4.2-1e All asphalt shall meet or exceed performance standards noted in SCAQMD Rule 1108.
MM-4.2-1f Prior to the issuance of grading permits or approval of grading plans for future development
projects within the project area, future developments shall include a dust control plan as
part of the construction contract standard specifications. The dust control plan shall
include measures to meet the requirements of SCAQMD Rules 402 and 403. Such
measures may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Phase and schedule activities to avoid high-ozone days and first-stage smog alerts.
▪ Discontinue operation during second-stage smog alerts.
▪ All haul trucks shall be covered prior to leaving the site to prevent dust from impacting
the surrounding areas.
▪ Comply with AQMD Rule 403, particularly to minimize fugitive dust and noise to
surrounding areas.
▪ Moisten soil each day prior to commencing grading to depth of soil cut.
▪ Water exposed surfaces at least twice a day under calm conditions, and as often as
needed on windy days or during very dry weather in order to maintain a surface crust
and minimize the release of visible emissions from the construction site.
▪ Treat any area that will be exposed for extended periods with a soil conditioner to
stabilize soil or temporarily plant with vegetation.
▪ Wash mud-covered tires and undercarriages of trucks leaving construction sites.
▪ Provide for street sweeping, as needed, on adjacent roadways to remove dirt
dropped by construction vehicles or mud, which would otherwise be carried off by
trucks departing project sites.
▪ Securely cover all loads of fill coming to the site with a tight-fitting tarp.
▪ Cease grading during periods when winds exceed 25 miles per hour.
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▪ Provide for permanent sealing of all graded areas, as applicable, at the earliest
practicable time after soil disturbance.
▪ Use low-sulfur diesel fuel in all equipment.
▪ Use electric equipment whenever practicable.
▪ Shut off engines when not in use.
MM-4.2-2c All industrial and commercial facilities shall post signs requiring that trucks shall not be
left idling for prolonged periods pursuant to Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations,
Section 2485, which limits idle times to not more than five minutes.
MM-4.2-2d The City shall require that both industrial and commercial uses designate preferential
parking for vanpools.
MM-4.2-2e The proposed commercial and industrial areas shall incorporate food service.
MM-4.2-2f All industrial and commercial site tenants with 50 or more employees shall be required to
post both bus and MetroLink schedules in conspicuous areas.
MM-4.2-2g All industrial and commercial site tenants with 50 or more employees shall be requested
to configure their operating schedules around the MetroLink schedule to the extent
reasonably feasible.
MM-4.2-2j All residential, commercial, and industrial structures shall be required to incorporate light-
colored roofing materials.
3.4 Biological Resources
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
IV. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES – Would the project:
a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either
directly or through habitat modifications, on
any species identified as a candidate,
sensitive, or special status species in local
or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or
by the California Department of Fish and
Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
b) Have a substantial adverse effect on any
riparian habitat or other sensitive natural
community identified in local or regional
plans, policies, regulations, or by the
California Department of Fish and Game or
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
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FEBRUARY 2023
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
c) Have a substantial adverse effect on state
or federally protected wetlands (including,
but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool,
coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling,
hydrological interruption, or other means?
d) Interfere substantially with the movement
of any native resident or migratory fish or
wildlife species or with established native
resident or migratory wildlife corridors,
or impede the use of native wildlife
nursery sites?
e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances
protecting biological resources, such as a
tree preservation policy or ordinance?
f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted
Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural
Community Conservation Plan, or other
approved local, regional, or state habitat
conservation plan?
a) Would the project have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on
any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies,
or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that implementation of the SWIP SP had the potential to result in direct
and/or indirect impacts to sensitive species, including the Delhi Sands flower loving fly (Rhaphiomidas
terminatus abdominalis), burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), northwestern San Diego pocket mouse
(Chaetodipus fallax fallax), western pocket mouse, western mastiff bat (Eumops perotis californicus),
western yellow bat (Lasiurus xanthinus), and San Diego desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida intermedia). The
SWIP SP PEIR also determined that portions of the SWIP SP area contain habitat for the San Bernardino
kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami parvus), California gnatcatcher, and sensitive pocket mice. Lastly, the
SWIP SP PEIR determined that construction activities within the SWIP SP area could disturb/destroy active
raptor and/or migratory bird nests, which would be a violation of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The SWIP
SP PEIR included MM-4.3-1a through MM-4.3-1h to reduce potential impacts to sensitive species and
migratory birds (including the burrowing owl) to a level below significance.
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
14222 48
FEBRUARY 2023
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. Consistent with MM-4.3-1a of the SWIP SP PEIR, a Biological Resources Technical Report
(Appendix B-1) was prepared for the project in February 2022 by Dudek. The Biological Resources Technical
Report included a pre-field review of the latest available relevant literature, published research, maps, soil
data, data on biological baselines, special-status habitats, and species distributions to determine those
biological resources that have the potential to occur within the project site and surrounding 100-foot buffer
(the study area). Further, Dudek also performed a biological reconnaissance-level survey of the study area
on February 11, 2022.
As stated in the Biological Resources Technical Report, the study area is entirely developed and surrounded by
residential and industrial development. The study area contains several single-family residential structures,
which are primarily used as home-based trucking and heavy equipment businesses. Operable and inoperable
trucks and vehicles are scattered across the northern portion of the study area. No natural or native vegetation
communities were observed on the study area; however, scattered non-native ruderal (weedy) species were
observed in small patches of disturbed land where the ground was not covered by concrete or asphalt.
Vegetation Communities and Land Covers
As illustrated on Figure 11, Biological Resources, three non-natural land covers occur on the study area:
ornamental plantings, developed land, and disturbed land.8 Ornamental plantings typically refer to areas
that have been previously developed and now contain herb, shrub, or tree species that have been planted
for the development and are regularly maintained. These areas typically lack understory species and are
regularly subjected to disturbance. Vegetation typically consists of non-native ornamental species that have
been planted. The ornamental planting mapped on the study area are characterized by sod grass and
ornamental shrubs with scattered orange (Citrus sinensis) and olive (Olea spp.) trees associated with the
single-family residences along the eastern portion of the project boundary. Additionally, a Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus sp.) windrow is located along the southern border of the study area. Developed land typically
includes areas that have been constructed upon and do not contain any naturally occurring vegetation.
These areas are generally characterized as graded land with asphalt and concrete placed upon it.
Developed areas mapped for the study area include the existing paved and developed portions of the
project site. No vegetation was observed within developed areas on the study area. Disturbed land mapped
on the study area is located in the center of the project site and associated with the single-family
residences. The ornamental plantings, developed land, and disturbed land covers are not considered
sensitive vegetation communities.
Plant Species
The project site is composed entirely of developed and disturbed areas. No plant species listed or proposed
for listing as rare, threatened, or endangered by either the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were detected within the study area during the reconnaissance survey.
Additionally, no plant species considered sensitive by the California Native Plant Society were detected.
8 While the ornamental plantings and developed land mapping units are not recognized by the Natural Communities List (CDFW
2019), the units are described by Oberbauer et al. (2008) to accommodate the lack of conformity of the observed communities.
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
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FEBRUARY 2023
Dudek performed a review of literature, existing documentation, and geographic information system (GIS)
data to evaluate the potential for special-status plant species to occur within the study area. Each special-
status plant species was given a rating of not expected, low, medium, or high based on relative location of
known occurrences, vegetation communities, soils, and elevation. Based on the results of the literature
review and database searches, 82 special-status plant species were reported in the California Natural
Diversity Database, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and California Native Plant Society databases as
previously occurring within the region of the study area. For each species evaluated, a determination was
made regarding the potential use of the site based on information gathered during the field
reconnaissance, known habitat preferences, and knowledge of their relative distributions in the area. Of
the 82 special-status plant species listed as occurring in the vicinity of the study area, 78 species were
determined to have no potential to occur within the study area based on the soils, current disturbance
levels, vegetation communities (habitat) present, elevation ranges, and previous known locations based on
the California Natural Diversity Database and California Native Plant Society records. Four special-status
species were determined to have a low potential to occur due to limited suitable habitat within the study
area; however, none of these four species were observed during the biological reconnaissance. Additionally,
due to the extensive on-going disturbances that currently occur within the study area, the limited habitat
on site is of low quality and does not support any of the special-status plant species with a potential to
occur in the area. The complete results of this potential to occur evaluation for special-status plants are
included in Appendix B-1. No listed or special-status plant species have the potential to occur within the
study area due to the lack of suitable habitat. Additionally, there is no U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
designated critical habitat for listed plant species within the study area.
Wildlife Species
The project site is entirely restricted to developed and disturbed areas. No wildlife species listed or
proposed for listing as rare, threatened, or endangered by either the California Department of Fish and
Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were detected within the study area during the reconnaissance
survey conducted on February 11, 2022.
Dudek performed a review of literature, existing documentation, and GIS data to evaluate the potential for
special-status wildlife species to occur within the study area. Each special-status wildlife species was given
a rating of not expected, low, moderate, or high based on relative location of know occurrences, vegetation
communities, and elevation. Based on the results of the literature review and database searches, 67
special-status wildlife species were identified as occurring within the region. For each species evaluated, a
determination was made regarding the potential use of the site based on information gathered during the
field reconnaissance, known habitat preferences, and knowledge of their relative distributions in the area.
Of the 67 special-status wildlife species listed as occurring in the vicinity of the study area, 65 species were
determined to have no potential to occur within the study area based on an evaluation of species
ranges/elevation and known habitat preferences, and due to the lack of suitable habitat. 2 special status
species, specifically Southern California legless lizard (Anniella stebbinsi) and crotch bumble bee (Bombus
crotchii) were determined to have a low potential to occur due to limited suitable habitat within the study
area; however, none of these 2 species were observed during the biological reconnaissance. Additionally,
due to the extensive on-going disturbances that currently occur within the study area, the limited habitat on
site is of low quality and does not support any of the special-status wildlife species with a potential to occur
in the area. The complete results of this potential to occur evaluation for special-status wildlife are included
in Appendix B-1.
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
14222 50
FEBRUARY 2023
One special-status species, Delhi sands flower-loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis), is a
species of concern in the area due to the presence of suitable soils mapped in the vicinity of the study area.
However, there are no historically mapped areas of Delhi sand within the study area, and the nearest
mapped occurrence is located approximately 0.3 miles to the southeast. Delhi sand or any remnants of
previously sandy areas were not observed during the survey. The Delhi sands flower-loving fly typically
occurs in areas with Delhi sands present but has been found in other sandy habitats; however, all surface
soils within the study area have been previously disturbed or compacted. Neither of the host plants most
commonly associated with the species, California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), and telegraph
weed (Heterotheca grandiflora), were observed during the survey. Additionally, no native plant communities
or suitable habitat for this species occurs on the study area and there is no potential for the Delhi sands
flower-loving fly to occur on the study area. The complete results of this potential to occur evaluation for
special-status wildlife are included in Appendix B-1.
In addition, pursuant to MM-4.3-1b from the SWIP SP PEIR, should construction occur outside of the bird
nesting season identified by the State of California (February 15 through September 1), the site shall be
evaluated by a City-approved biologist prior to ground disturbance to determine if nesting birds exist on
site. If any nests are discovered, the biologist shall delineate an appropriate buffer zone around the nest,
depending on the species and type of construction activity. Only construction activities approved by the
biologist shall take place within the buffer zone until the nest is vacated. Implementation of MM-4.3-1b
would ensure that the proposed project would have a less-than-significant impact on any avian species.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with candidate, sensitive, or special-
status plant and wildlife species would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would
occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
b) Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural
community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the California Department of
Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would not result in the loss of riparian
habitat but could result in the loss or degradation of designated critical habitats of two federally listed
species, the San Bernardino kangaroo rat and the California gnatcatcher. The SWIP SP PEIR applied
mitigation (i.e., MM-4.3-1a through MM-4.3-1h) to future development projects within the SWIP SP area to
reduce potential impacts to sensitive natural communities to less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is
located entirely on disturbed and developed land. No natural vegetation communities are present within
the project footprint, and as such, no impacts to riparian or sensitive vegetation communities would occur
as a result of the project.
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
14222 51
FEBRUARY 2023
Therefore, impacts associated with riparian or sensitive vegetation communities would be less than
significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP
SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
c) Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but
not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or
other means?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that there is a potential for streambeds, wetlands, and/or riparian areas to occur
within the SWIP SP area, and that impacts to these water features and vegetation may require compliance with
permit requirements of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Regional Water Quality Control Board, and California
Department of Fish and Game. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.3-3a requiring jurisdictional delineations be
performed for future development proposals that could potentially affect jurisdictional drainages or wetlands.
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of SWIP SP PEIR MM-4.3-3a would reduce potential impacts
to streambeds, wetlands, and/or riparian to a level below significance.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The assessment of potential jurisdictional
waters in the study area determined there are no waterways or drainages within or immediately adjacent
to the study area that would be subject to regulatory agency jurisdiction. An excavated riverine is located
approximately 1 mile to the west of the study area flows south to an excavated lacustrine habitat
approximately 0.6 miles west of the study area, well outside any project impact areas. Additionally, there
are no areas capable of supporting wetlands on the study area, and no riparian habitats were observed.
No soils mapped on the study area are considered hydric. As such, no impacts to State or federally
protected wetlands would occur as a result of the project.
Therefore, impacts associated with federally protected wetlands would not occur and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
d) Would the project interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or
wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of
native wildlife nursery sites?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that because the SWIP SP is surrounded by urban development (paved
roads, industrial, commercial and residential development) no migratory corridors exist within or near the
SWIP SP area that would be affected by the development of the SWIP SP. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded
impacts would be less than significant.
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
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FEBRUARY 2023
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Wildlife corridors are linear features that
connect large patches of natural open space and provide avenues for the migration of animals. Wildlife
corridors contribute to population viability by assuring continual exchange of genes between populations,
providing access to adjacent habitat areas for foraging and mating, and providing routes for recolonization
of habitat after local extirpation or ecological catastrophes (e.g., fires).
Habitat linkages are small patches that join larger blocks of habitat and help reduce the adverse effects of
habitat fragmentation. Habitat linkages provide a potential route for gene flow and long-term dispersal of plants
and animals and may serve as primary habitat for smaller animals such as reptiles and amphibians. Habitat
linkages may be continuous habitat or discrete habitat islands that function as stepping stones for dispersal.
The entire study area is surrounded by development, and no portions of the study area function as wildlife
corridors or linkages that connect to larger habitat areas in the region such as the Santa Ana River further
to the south. Due to the limited size of the project and existing surrounding development, construction of
the project would not result in an impact to any wildlife corridors or habitat linkages.
Therefore, impacts associated with wildlife movement corridors or native wildlife nursery sites would not
occur and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP
PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
e) Would the project conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a
tree preservation policy or ordinance?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that implementation of the SWIP SP could involve the removal of heritage,
significant, or specimen trees. However, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that all development within the SWIP
SP would be subject to compliance with Chapter 28, Article III of the City’s Municipal Code, which
establishes regulations for the protection and preservation of heritage trees, significant trees, and
specimen trees on public and private property. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that mandatory
compliance with Chapter 28, Article III of the City’s Municipal Code would ensure that impacts associated
with tree removals would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The City’s Tree
Preservation and Protection Ordinance (Chapter 28, Article III of the City’s Code of Ordinances) regulates
the planting, maintenance, protection, and removal of trees and shrubs on public streets, parks, and other
City-owned property. The project site currently contains a eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) windrow along its
southern boundary. Various other ornamental species are scattered throughout the site. Additionally,
European olive (Olea europaea) trees are considered Heritage trees because they are representative of a
significant period of the City’s growth or development. Note that olive trees are ornamentally planted
throughout the study area but could not be identified past the genus level during the biological
reconnaissance due to seasonal survey limitations (conducted outside of the spring blooming period).
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
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FEBRUARY 2023
Pursuant to the City’s Tree Preservation and Protection Ordinance, tree replacement is required for
potential impacts to the types of trees that will be removed by the project.
The Arborist Report prepared for the project (Appendix B-2) discusses tree plantings required by the
ordinance. As part of the Arborist Report, all applicable on-site trees were inventoried and evaluated, and
all on-site trees are expected to be removed by the project. The City’s Code of Ordinances requires
replacement of living protected trees at a replacement ratio dependent on overall condition and size. As
further outlined in the Arborist Report, the City requires replacement trees for all eligible trees removed
from the project site. To accomplish this, the project will be required to plant a combination of 15-gallon,
24-inch box, 36-inch box, and 48-inch box trees on site, in addition to shrubs, groundcover, and other
landscape plantings.
Therefore, given that compliance with the City’s Tree Preservation and Protection Ordinance is required,
impacts associated with local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources would be less than
significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP
SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
f) Would the project conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community
Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that buildout of the SWIP SP would not conflict with an adopted habitat
conservation plan because there were no adopted/approved habitat conservation plans applicable to the
SWIP SP area at the time that the SWIP SP PEIR was prepared. A recovery plan was released in 1997 for
the Delhi Sands flower-loving fly that included the SWIP SP area; however, an assessment of the recovery
of Delhi Sands flower-loving fly in 2008 indicated that much of the Jurupa Recovery Unit may no longer
provide conservation value for Delhi Sands flower-loving fly. Regardless, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that
compliance with the mitigation measures included in the EIR would reduce potential impacts to the Delhi
Sands flower-loving fly to a level below significance.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The study area does not occur within any
proposed or existing habitat conservation plans or natural community conservation plans for local or
regional protection of species. Therefore, construction of the project will not result in an impact to any
habitat conservation plans or natural community conservation plans.
Therefore, impacts associated with an adopted habitat conservation plan would not occur and no new or
more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to biological resources to
be implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum:
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
14222 54
FEBRUARY 2023
MM-4.3-1a The City of Fontana Planning Division shall require that all future project applicants prepare
a Biological Assessment prior to the issuance of grading permits. The Biological
Assessment shall include a vegetation map of the project area, analysis of the impacts
associated with plant and animal species and habitats, and conduct habitat evaluations
for burrowing owl, Delhi Sands flower-loving fly, San Diego pocket mouse, western mastiff
bat, western yellow bat, and San Diego desert woodrat. If any of these species are
determined to be present, then coordination with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and/or
California Department of Fish and Game shall be conducted to determine what, if any,
permits or clearances are required prior to development.
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to
biological resources to be implemented following project approval:
MM-4.3-1b Any future land disturbance for site-specific developments within the project site shall be
conducted outside of the State-identified bird nesting season (February 15 through
September 1). If construction during the nesting season must occur, the site shall be
evaluated by a City-approved biologist prior to ground disturbance to determine if nesting
birds exist on-site. If any nests are discovered, the biologist shall delineate an appropriate
buffer zone around the nest, depending on the species and type of construction activity.
Only construction activities approved by the biologist shall take place within the buffer zone
until the nest is vacated.
3.5 Cultural Resources
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
V. CULTURAL RESOURCES – Would the project:
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of a historical resource
pursuant to §15064.5?
b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of an archaeological resource
pursuant to §15064.5?
c) Disturb any human remains, including those
interred outside of formal cemeteries?
Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
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a) Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant
to §15064.5?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR identified nine historical resources in the SWIP SP area, none of which were identified
as significant historical resources under CEQA. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP
SP area has low sensitivity for historical resources. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation measures that
require future development projects within the SWIP SP area to perform a pre-construction historical
resources survey (and implement a mitigation program if important resources are present) and to
implement safeguards during grading activities to protect/preserve historical resources that may be
uncovered (MM-4.4-1a and MM-4.4-1b). With application of the required mitigation measures, the SWIP SP
PEIR concluded that impacts to historic resources would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. The study area contains industrial businesses including several storage buildings and sheds and
six single-family residential structures. The remainder of the site consists of gravel parking areas, various
hardscape features, and paved driveways and parking areas. The project site and surrounding area was
used for agricultural uses, from at least the 1930s through the 1950s, at which time the area began to
transition to more urbanized land uses and activities. By the 1990s, the proposed Project site contained
much of the structures found on site today. The first structures at the project site (14221 and 14241 Santa
Ana Avenue) appeared prior to 1985 (NETR 2022). As such, it is assumed that the oldest of the existing on-
site structures are as old as approximately 37 years old.
As defined by the CEQA Guidelines (14 CCR 15000 et seq.), a historical resource is a resource that is listed
in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or California Register of Historical
Resources, has been identified as significant in a historical resource survey, or is listed on a local register
of historical resources. The criteria for listing resources in the California Register of Historical Resources
were developed to be in accordance with previously established criteria developed for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places.
For a building to be considered historic, it typically must be at least 50 years old so sufficient time has
passed to determine whether the events or characteristics of the building will have a contribution to history
(OHP 2015). As previously noted, the oldest of the existing structures on the project site are up to 37 years
old and, thus, are not eligible to be considered historic resources.
Further, the City General Plan Conservation, Open Space, Parks and Trails Chapter, which included an
inventory of potentially historic resources within the City, did not identify any on-site buildings that would
meet the above listed criteria (City of Fontana 2018b), and there is no evidence of historical associations
with the project site. Consistent with MM-4.4-1a from the SWIP SP PEIR, only if there is evidence that
suggests the potential for historic resources on the project site are additional field surveys, research, and
evaluation warranted. In this case, based on the aforementioned evidence, such subsequent assessment
is not required.
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Notwithstanding, in the unlikely event that unanticipated historical resources or human resources are
encountered before or during grading, the developer shall retain a qualified archaeologist to monitor
construction activities and to take appropriate measures to protect or preserve them for study, consistent
with MM-4.4-1b of the SWIP SP PEIR. Implementation of MM-4.4-1b would ensure that impacts associated
with historical resources would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Additionally, the City
has standard conditions of approval for cultural and tribal cultural resources that are applied to all projects
within the City.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with historical resources would be less
than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the
SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
b) Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource
pursuant to §15064.5?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that no archaeological resources or Native American sites exist within the
SWIP SP area, and that the likelihood of encountering potentially significant prehistoric archaeological
resources within the SWIP SP area is considered low. The City of Fontana consulted with the Soboba Band
of Luiseño Indians and the Morongo Band of Mission Indians as part of the SB 18 Native American tribal
consultation process for the SWIP SP. The Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians identified the site as being
located within the tribe’s Tribal Traditional Use Area. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation measures to
minimize impacts related to Native American resources and previously undiscovered archaeological
resources that could be encountered during ground-disturbing activities (MM-4.4-2a through MM-4.4-2c).
Following implementation of mitigation, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP
would result in less-than-significant impacts to prehistoric archaeological resources.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. Consistent with MM-4.4-2a, cultural resources background research and a records search were
conducted (Appendix C). The records searches conducted at the South Central Coastal Information Center
indicated that no previously recorded prehistoric or historic archaeological resources are located within the
project site. Within 0.5 mile of the project site, there are 4 cultural resources investigations have been
previously conducted between 2003 and 2016. One of these studies overlap the project site; and 4 of the
previously recorded cultural resources within the project’s records search area. Of these, all 5 are built-
environment resources and consist of single-family properties. Resource P-36-033111 is a historic built
environmental resource located along the northwest edge of the project site. The single-family property was
constructed in 1945 and has been altered since its original construction. According to the record for this
resource, it has been deemed historically insignificant and ineligible for the National Register. A review of
historical aerial photographs using Google Earth show that the structure was demolished prior to April
2020. Based on the results of the CHRIS records search, there are no previously recorded archaeological
resources within the project site that will be impacted by the project.
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The project site is located in a highly developed and urbanized part of the City and is currently heavily
disturbed by existing development. As such, there is little potential for the inadvertent discovery of
subsurface archaeological or other cultural resources materials during earthwork activities. However, as
with all other subsurface construction activity, there is always a chance—despite the developed condition
of the project site—for inadvertent discovery of buried, unrecorded cultural resources within the site. Thus,
MM-4.4-2b and MM-4.4-2c from the SWIP SP PEIR would be required to minimize impacts related to the
inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources, tribal cultural, and other types of cultural resources.
Additionally, the City has standard conditions of approval for cultural and tribal cultural resources that are
applied to all projects within the City.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with archaeological resources would be
less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in
the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
c) Would the project disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any cemeteries or archaeological sites that may contain human remains
within the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with mandatory compliance with the California
Health and Safety Code, Sections 7050.5–7055 and Section 5097.98 of the California Public Resources
Code, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts with respect to disturbance of human remains.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Given the developed
nature of the project area, earthwork activities associated with project construction are unlikely to uncover
previously unknown archaeological resources. However, if human remains are uncovered during
construction activity, the applicant and its construction contractors are required by law to stop work and
contact the county coroner. California Health and Safety Code, Section No. 7050.5, requires that if human
remains are discovered in any place other than a dedicated cemetery, no further disturbance or excavation
of the site or nearby area reasonably suspected to contain human remains shall occur until the county
coroner has examined the remains. If the county coroner determines or has reason to believe the remains
are those of a Native American, they must contact the California Native American Heritage Commission
within 24 hours, and the Native American Heritage Commission will notify the most likely descendant. The
most likely descendant may recommend means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the
human remains and items associated with Native Americans. As such, if Native American remains were
uncovered during project construction, compliance with existing regulations would ensure that the
appropriate authorities are notified and that discovered remains are treated with the appropriate respect
and dignity.
Therefore, impacts associated with disturbance of human remains would be less than significant and no
new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
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Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to cultural resources to
be implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum:
MM-4.4-1a A qualified archaeologist shall perform the following tasks, prior to construction activities
within project boundaries:
▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for historic
resources, a field survey for historical resources within portions of the project site not
previously surveyed for cultural resources shall be conducted.
▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for historic
resources, the San Bernardino County Archives shall be contacted for information on
historical property records.
▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for sacred
land resources, the Native American Heritage Commission shall be contacted for
information regarding sacred lands.
▪ All historical resources within the project site, including archaeological and historic
resources older than 50 years, shall be inventoried using appropriate State record forms
and guidelines followed according to the California Office of Historic Preservation’s
handbook “Instructions for Recording Historical Resources.” The archaeologist shall then
submit two (2) copies of the completed forms to the San Bernardino County Archaeological
Information Center for the assignment of trinomials.
▪ The significance and integrity of all historical resources within the project site shall be
evaluated, using criteria established in the CEQA Guidelines for important
archaeological resources and/or 36 CFR 60.4 for eligibility for listing on the National
Register of Historic Places.
▪ Mitigation measures shall be proposed and conditions of approval (if a local
government action) recommended to eliminate adverse project effects on significant,
important, and unique historical resources, following appropriate CEQA and/or
National Historic Preservation Act’s Section 106 guidelines.
▪ A technical resources management report shall be prepared, documenting the
inventory, evaluation, and proposed mitigation of resources within the project site,
following guidelines for Archaeological Resource Management Reports prepared by
the California Office of Historic Preservation, Preservation Planning Bulletin 4(a),
December 1989. One copy of the completed report, with original illustrations, shall be
submitted to the San Bernardino County Archaeological Information Center for
permanent archiving.
MM-4.4-2a A qualified archaeologist shall perform the following tasks, prior to construction activities
within project boundaries:
▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for
prehistoric resources, a field survey for prehistoric resources within portions of the
project site not previously surveyed for cultural resources shall be conducted.
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▪ Subsequent to a preliminary City review, if evidence suggests the potential for sacred
land resources, the Native American Heritage Commission shall be contacted for
information regarding sacred lands.
▪ All prehistoric resources shall be inventoried using appropriate State record forms and
two (2) copies of the completed forms shall be submitted to the San Bernardino County
Archaeological Information Center.
▪ The significance and integrity of all prehistoric resources within the project site shall
be evaluated using criteria established in the CEQA Guidelines for important
archaeological resources.
▪ If human remains are encountered on the project site, the San Bernardino County
Coroner’s Office shall be contacted within 24 hours of the find, and all work shall be
halted until a clearance is given by that office and any other involved agencies.
▪ All resources and data collected within the project site shall be permanently curated
at an appropriate repository within San Bernardino County.
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to cultural
resources to be implemented following project approval:
MM-4.4-1b If any historical resources and/or human resources are encountered before or during
grading, the developer shall retain a qualified archaeologist to monitor construction
activities and to take appropriate measures to protect or preserve them for study.
MM-4.4-2b If any prehistoric archaeological resources are encountered before or during grading, the
developer shall retain a qualified archaeologist to monitor construction activities and to
take appropriate measures to protect or preserve them for study. With the assistance of
the archaeologist, the City of Fontana shall:
▪ Enact interim measures to protect undesignated sites from demolition or significant
modification without an opportunity for the City to establish its archaeological value.
▪ Consider establishing provisions to require incorporation of archaeological sites within
new developments, using their special qualities at a theme or focal point.
▪ Pursue educating the public about the area’s archaeological heritage.
▪ Propose mitigation measures and recommend conditions of approval (if a local
government action) to eliminate adverse project effects on significant, important, and
unique prehistoric resources, following appropriate CEQA guidelines.
▪ Prepare a technical resources management report, documenting the inventory,
evaluation, and proposed mitigation of resources within the project area. Submit one
copy of the completed report, with original illustrations, to the San Bernardino County
Archaeological Information Center for permanent archiving.
MM-4.4-2c Where consistent with applicable local, State and federal law and deemed appropriate by
the City, future site-specific development projects shall consider the following requests by
the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians and Morongo Band of Mission Indians:
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In the event Native American cultural resources are discovered during construction for
future development, all work in the immediate vicinity of the find shall cease and a qualified
archaeologist meeting Secretary of Interior standards shall be hired to assess the find.
Work on the overall project may continue during this period;
▪ Initiate consultation between the appropriate Native American tribal entity (as
determined by a qualified archaeologist meeting Secretary of Interior standards) and
the City/project applicant;
▪ Transfer cultural resources investigations to the appropriate Native American entity (as
determined by a qualified archaeologist meeting Secretary of Interior standards) as
soon as possible;
▪ Utilize a Native American Monitor from the appropriate Native American entity (as
determined by a qualified archaeologist meeting Secretary of Interior standards) where
deemed appropriate or required by the City, during initial ground disturbing activities,
cultural resource surveys, and/or cultural resource excavations.
3.6 Energy
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
VI. Energy – Would the project:
a) Result in potentially significant
environmental impact due to wasteful,
inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of
energy resources, during project
construction or operation?
b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan
for renewable energy or energy efficiency?
a) Would the project result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or
unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation?
SWIP SP PIER Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP, including construction and operation,
would not result in wasteful or unjustifiable consumption of energy resources.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address this question, the SWIP SP PEIR found that
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implementation of the SWIP SP would not significantly increase the demand for electricity and natural gas supply
above existing conditions upon incorporation of recommended mitigation measures. The SWIP SP PEIR
disclosed that all future development within the SWIP SP area would be required to comply with the most current
Title 24 of the California Code of Regulation (of which Part 6 establishes the state’s Building Energy Efficiency
Standards), development standards and design requirements related to sustainability and energy conservation
contained in the City’s Municipal Code, and current and future state legislation, executive orders, and regulatory
guidance to maximize energy efficiency. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR found that as time elapsed, newer and
more efficient technologies would likely emerge and be incorporated into future development to reduce energy
consumption. The SWIP SP PEIR also included MM-4.2-5a, which requires future development to incorporate
design features that would minimize the consumption of energy. All of the above would apply to both
construction and operation the project. Further, the SWIP SP PEIR includes MM-4.8-6a, which requires that the
City provide growth projections to utility companies periodically as the basis for their projection of facility and
service needs to support community development.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation measures, impacts associated with wasteful, inefficient, or
unnecessary consumption of energy resources would be less than significant, and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures
are required.
b) Would the project conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address this question, the SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that all future
development within the SWIP SP area would be required to comply with Title 24 of the California Code of
Regulation (of which Part 6 establishes the state’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards), development
standards and design requirements related to sustainability and energy conservation contained in the City of
Fontana Municipal Code, and current and future state legislation, executive orders, and regulatory guidance to
maximize energy efficiency. Furthermore, the SWIP SP PEIR also acknowledged that it was probable that new
technologies would emerge and be incorporated into future development to reduce energy consumption. Lastly,
the SWIP SP PEIR included a mitigation measure (MM-4.2-5a) that would require future development to
incorporate design features that would minimize the consumption of energy.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact /No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Part 6 of Title 24 of the
California Code of Regulations was established in 1978 and serves to enhance and regulate California’s
building standards. Part 6 establishes energy efficiency standards for residential and nonresidential
buildings constructed in California to reduce energy demand and consumption. Part 6 is updated
periodically (every 3 years) to incorporate and consider new energy efficiency technologies and
methodologies. Title 24 also includes Part 11, CALGreen. CALGreen institutes mandatory minimum
environmental performance standards for all ground-up, new construction buildings. As applicable, the
project would meet Title 24 and CALGreen standards to reduce energy demand and increase energy
efficiency. Furthermore, as discussed in Section 3.3, the project would also be required to comply with
Ordinance No. 1891, which includes additional requirements for all warehouse projects within the City,
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pertaining to buffering and screening specifications, signage and traffic patterns, alternative energy, and
construction and operation.
Therefore, the project would not conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy
efficiency and no new mitigation measures are required.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to energy:
MM-4.2-5a Prior to the issuance of building permits, future development projects shall demonstrate
the incorporation of project design features that achieve a minimum of 28.5 percent
reduction in GHG emissions from non-mobile sources as compared to business as usual
conditions. With regard to expansions/modifications of existing facilities, this mitigation
measure shall be applied to the resulting incremental net increase in enclosed floor area.
Future project shall include but not be limited to, the following list of potential design
features (which include measures for reducing GHG emissions related to Transportation
and Motor Vehicles).
Energy Efficiency
▪ Design buildings to be energy efficient and exceed Title 24 requirements by at least
5 percent.
▪ Install efficient lighting and lighting control systems. Site and design building to take
advantage of daylight.
▪ Use trees, landscaping and sunscreens on west and south exterior building walls to
reduce energy use.
▪ Install light-colored “cool” roofs and cool pavements.
▪ Provide information on energy management services for large energy users.
▪ Install energy efficient heating and cooling systems, appliances and equipment, and
control systems (e.g., minimum of Energy Star rated equipment).
▪ Implement design features to increase the efficiency of the building envelope (i.e., the
barrier between conditioned and unconditioned spaces).
▪ Install light emitting diodes (LEDs) for traffic, street, and other outdoor lighting.
▪ Limit the hours of operation of outdoor lighting.
Renewable Energy
▪ Ensure buildings are designed to have “solar ready” roofs.
▪ Use combined heat and power in appropriate applications.
Water Conservation and Efficiency
▪ Create water-efficient landscapes with a preference for a xeriscape landscape palette.
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▪ Install water-efficient irrigation systems and devices, such as soil moisture-based
irrigation controls.
▪ Design buildings to be water-efficient. Install water-efficient fixtures and appliances
(e.g., EPA WaterSense labeled products).
▪ Restrict watering methods (e.g., prohibit systems that apply water to non-vegetated
surfaces) and control runoff.
▪ Restrict the use of water for cleaning outdoor surfaces and vehicles.
▪ Implement low-impact development practices that maintain the existing hydrologic
character of the site to manage storm water and protect the environment. (Retaining
storm water runoff on-site can drastically reduce the need for energy-intensive
imported water at the site).
▪ Devise a comprehensive water conservation strategy appropriate for the project and
location. The strategy may include many of the specific items listed above, plus other
innovative measures that are appropriate to the specific project.
▪ Provide education about water conservation and available programs and incentives.
Solid Waste Measures
▪ Reuse and recycle construction and demolition waste (including, but not limited to,
soil, vegetation, concrete, lumber, metal, and cardboard).
▪ Provide interior and exterior storage areas for recyclables and green waste and
adequate recycling containers located in public areas.
▪ Provide education and publicity about reducing waste and available recycling services.
Transportation and Motor Vehicles
▪ Limit idling time for commercial vehicles, including delivery and construction vehicles.
▪ Promote ride sharing programs (e.g., by designating a certain percentage of parking
spaces for ride-sharing vehicles, designating adequate passenger loading and unloading
and waiting areas for ride-sharing vehicles, and providing a web site or message board
for coordinating rides).
▪ Create local “light vehicle” networks, such as neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV) systems.
▪ Provide the necessary facilities and infrastructure to encourage the use of low or
zero-emission vehicles (e.g., electric vehicle charging facilities and conveniently
located alternative fueling stations).
▪ Promote “least polluting” ways to connect people and goods to their destinations.
▪ Incorporate bicycle lanes and routes into street systems, new subdivisions, and
large developments.
▪ Incorporate bicycle-friendly intersections into street design.
▪ For commercial projects, provide adequate bicycle parking near building entrances to
promote cyclist safety, security, and convenience. For large employers, provide
facilities that encourage bicycle commuting (e.g., locked bicycle storage or covered or
indoor bicycle parking).
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▪ Create bicycle lanes and walking paths directed to the location of schools, parks and
other destination points.
3.7 Geology and Soils
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
VII. GEOLOGY AND SOILS – Would the project:
a) Directly or indirectly cause potential
substantial adverse effects, including the
risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault,
as delineated on the most recent
Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning
Map issued by the State Geologist for
the area or based on other substantial
evidence of a known fault? Refer to
Division of Mines and Geology Special
Publication 42.
ii) Strong seismic ground shaking?
iii) Seismic-related ground failure, including
liquefaction?
iv) Landslides?
b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss
of topsoil?
c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is
unstable, or that would become unstable as
a result of the project, and potentially result
in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading,
subsidence, liquefaction or collapse?
d) Be located on expansive soil, as defined in
Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code
(1994), creating substantial direct or
indirect risks to life or property?
e) Have soils incapable of adequately
supporting the use of septic tanks or
alternative waste water disposal systems
where sewers are not available for the
disposal of waste water?
f) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique
paleontological resource or site or unique
geologic feature?
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a) Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of
loss, injury, or death involving:
i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake
Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence
of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42.
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that there are no Alquist-Priolo earthquake faults located within the
SWIP SP area. The nearest fault to the SWIP SP area is the Cucamonga Fault, which traverses
through the northern portion of the City of Fontana approximately 7.0 miles north of the SWIP SP
area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that because no known earthquake faults are known to exist
beneath the SWIP SP area, impacts related to fault rupture would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The Alquist-
Priolo Zones Special Studies Act defines active faults as those that have experienced surface
displacement or movement during the last 11,000 years. The nearest Alquist-Priolo Zone is the
Devore and Cucamonga fault traces, located in the northern portion of the City, approximately 7
miles from the project site. According to the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, although several
earthquake faults exist within and in proximity to the City, no faults exist beneath the project site
(City of Fontana 2017). Additionally, based on a review of the California Department of
Conservation regulatory maps (CDOC 2016b), the project site is not located in a designated
earthquake fault zone.
Therefore, impacts associated with fault rupture would be less than significant and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
ii) Strong seismic ground shaking?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that development within the SWIP SP area could be exposed to
strong seismic ground shaking due to the numerous active faults located in the Southern California
region. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future development’s adherence to standard engineering
practices and design criteria relative to seismic and geologic hazards in accordance with the
California Building Code would reduce the significance of impacts related to seismic ground
shaking to a level below significance.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Similar to other
areas located in the seismically active Southern California region, the City is susceptible to strong
ground shaking during an earthquake. However, the project site is not located within an active fault
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zone, and the site would not be affected by ground shaking more than any other area in this seismic
region. Additionally, the project would be designed in accordance with all applicable provisions
established in the incumbent version of the California Building Code, which sets forth specific
engineering requirements to ensure structural integrity during a seismic event (CBC 2019).
Compliance with these requirements would reduce the potential risk to both people and structures
with respect to strong seismic ground shaking.
Therefore, impacts associated with strong seismic ground shaking would be less than significant
and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP
PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
iii) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that although the potential exists for liquefaction to occur within the
SWIP SP area, future development within the SWIP SP would be subject to site-specific geotechnical
investigations and would comply with existing California Building Standards Code standards to
minimize any potential ground failure or liquefaction hazards. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR
concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would not expose people or structures to potential
impacts related to seismic ground failure or liquefaction.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Liquefaction
occurs when partially saturated soil loses its effective stress and enters a liquid state, which can
result in the soil’s inability to support structures above. Liquefaction can be induced by ground-
shaking events and is dependent on soil saturation conditions. According to the City’s Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan, the project site is located in an area of low liquefaction susceptibility (City of
Fontana 2017). As such, the project would not be substantially affected by liquefaction.
Therefore, impacts associated with liquefaction would be less than significant and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
iv) Landslides?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the risk of landslides in the SWIP SP area is low due to the
relatively flat topography of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact would
occur with regard to landslides.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Based upon a review of the City’s
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, the project site is not located in an area identified as susceptible to
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slope instability (City of Fontana 2017). The project site consists of flat parcels within a developed
industrial area and is not located adjacent to any potentially unstable topographical feature such
as a hillside or riverbank.
Therefore, impacts associated with landslides would not occur and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
b) Would the project result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with all requirements set forth in the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for construction activities (e.g., implementation of best
management practices [BMPs] through preparation of a stormwater pollution prevention plan [SWPPP])
would preclude potential soil erosion impacts.
Analysis of Project:
Short-Term Construction Impacts
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Ground surfaces that will
be temporarily exposed during construction could result in erosion or loss of soil during storm events.
Construction projects that involve the disturbance of 1 or more acres of soil, including clearing, grading,
and disturbances to the ground such as stockpiling or excavation, are required to obtain coverage under
the State Water Resources Control Board General Permit for Discharges of Stormwater Associated with
Construction Activity (Construction General Permit). The Construction General Permit requires the
development and implementation of a SWPPP (SWRCB 2022). The SWPPP must contain site maps that
depict the location of BMPs, such as silt fencing, sandbag berms, and general good housekeeping methods,
intended to prevent the off-site discharge of soil or construction materials in stormwater. Implementation
of a Construction General Permit, including preparation of a SWPPP and installation of BMPs, would reduce
the potential for both stormwater runoff and soil erosion impacts.
Therefore, short-term construction impacts associated with soil erosion or the loss of topsoil would be less
than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the
SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
Long-Term Operational Impacts
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Following construction
of the project, ground surfaces would be covered by the proposed warehouse building or otherwise
stabilized with landscaping and paving. The stormwater generated on site, along with any sediments
contained within the stormwater, would be directed into the on-site engineered stormwater system and
treated prior to discharge into the municipal storm drain system.
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Therefore, long-term operational impacts associated with soil erosion or loss of topsoil would be less than
significant and no new or more severe long- impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the
SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
c) Would the project be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as
a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence,
liquefaction or collapse?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP area is not located on a geologic unit or soil that is
unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and concluded that potential
impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse
would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The City’s Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan lists the types of geologic hazards known to occur in the City as slope instability leading to
possible mudflow, liquefaction, and collapsible or expansive soils. Based on a review of the Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan, the project site is not located in an area identified as susceptible to slope instability and
liquefaction risk is considered low (City of Fontana 2017). The project site is flat and is not located adjacent
to any potentially unstable topographical feature, such as a hillside or riverbank. According to the
Geotechnical Investigation (Appendix D) prepared for the project site, the upper soils at the site are very
low in expansion potential. Additionally, the majority of the project site is mapped as Tujunga loamy sand
(USDA 2022), which is not made up of clay materials typically associated with expansive soils.
Therefore, impacts associated with unstable geologic units/soils and expansive soils would be less than
significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP
PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
d) Would the project be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building
Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that soils in portions of the SWIP SP area are susceptible to expansion.
However, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that because future development within the SWIP SP area would be
subject to site-specific geotechnical investigations and would be required to comply with California Building
Standards Code standards addressing expansive soil hazards, impacts associated with expansive soils
would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.7(c).
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e) Would the project have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative
waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any significant adverse effects related to septic systems, because the
SWIP SP would be served by sewer facilities and therefore not entail the installation of septic tanks or
alternative wastewater disposal systems.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would connect directly to the
municipal sanitary sewer system and would not require septic tanks or any other alternative
wastewater disposal system.
Therefore, impacts associated with adequacy of soils and septic systems would not occur and no new or
more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
f) Would the project directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique
geologic feature?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the southern portion of the SWIP SP area is underlain by Pleistocene
older fan deposits, which have a high potential to contain important fossil resources. The SWIP SP PEIR
included MM-4.4-3a and MM-4.4-3b, which require future development projects within the SWIP SP to
analyze potential impacts to paleontological resources on a site-specific basis prior to construction and,
then, implement any recommended mitigation program (if required). The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that
with implementation of mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts to
paleontological resources.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. The SWIP SP PEIR found that while the City is situated primarily upon surface exposures of
Quaternary younger fan deposits of Holocene age having low paleontological sensitivity, well-dissected
Pleistocene older fan deposits are also mapped within the City. These deposits have a high potential to
contain fossil resources. In addition, a paleontological resource has been discovered south of the project
site, within the western Jurupa Hills in the vicinity of Live Oaks.
The southern portions of the SWIP SP area, including the project site, may be underlain with older
Pleistocene fan deposits and may have moderate potential to produce Pleistocene vertebrate fossils. Thus,
excavations that extend into the Pleistocene Alluvium have a potential of containing substantial fossil
vertebrate specimens, and future development within the SWIP SP boundaries could directly or indirectly
impact a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature. Given the project site’s location
within the southern, more paleontologically sensitive part of the SWIP SP area, a paleontological resources
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mitigation program will be prepared by a qualified paleontologist prior to issuance of a grading permit to
address the treatment of any unearthed paleontological resources, consistent with MM-4.4-3a and MM-
4.4-3b from the SWIP SP PEIR.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with paleontological resources would
be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified
in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to geology and soils
(paleontological resources):
MM-4.4-3a A qualified paleontologist shall conduct a pre-construction field survey of any project site
within the Specific Plan Update area that is underlain by older alluvium. The paleontologist
shall submit a report of findings that provides specific recommendations regarding further
mitigation measures (i.e., paleontological monitoring) that may be appropriate.
MM-4.4-3b Should mitigation monitoring be recommended for a specific project within the project site,
the program shall include, but not be limited to, the following measures:
▪ Assign a paleontological monitor, trained and equipped to allow the rapid removal of
fossils with minimal construction delay, to the site full-time during the interval of earth-
disturbing activities.
▪ Should fossils be found within an area being cleared or graded, earth-disturbing
activities shall be diverted elsewhere until the monitor has completed salvage. If
construction personnel make the discovery, the grading contractor shall immediately
divert construction and notify the monitor of the find.
▪ All recovered fossils shall be prepared, identified, and curated for documentation in
the summary report and transferred to an appropriate depository (i.e., San Bernardino
County Museum).
▪ A summary report shall be submitted to City of Fontana. Collected specimens shall be
transferred with copy of report to San Bernardino County Museum.
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3.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
VIII. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS – Would the project:
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either
directly or indirectly, that may have a
significant impact on the environment?
b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or
regulation adopted for the purpose of
reducing the emissions of greenhouse
gases?
a) Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a
significant impact on the environment?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would result in greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions equal to 1,147,515.21 metric tons (MT) of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per year absent project
design features and mitigation. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation (MM-4.2-5a) that would require the
individual development projects within the SWIP SP area to incorporate sustainable practices related to water
usage, energy usage, solid waste generation, and transportation. The SWIP SP PEIR determined that
implementation of the reduction measures required by MM-4.2-5a would reduce GHG emission from buildout
of the SWIP SP to 774,572.77 MT CO2e per year (an approximate 32.5% reduction relative to the unmitigated
emissions). The SWIP SP PEIR determined that because MM-4.2-5 would result in GHG reductions that would
exceed the mandate of Assembly Bill (AB) 32, implementation of the SWIP SP would not generate GHG emissions
that have a significant impact on the environment and that the SWIP SP would be consistent with applicable
plans and policies related GHG emissions reductions.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Climate change refers to
any significant change in measures of climate (e.g., temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns) lasting for
an extended period of time (i.e., decades or longer). The Earth’s temperature depends on the balance
between energy entering and leaving the planet’s system, and many factors (natural and human) can cause
changes in Earth’s energy balance. The greenhouse effect is the trapping and buildup of heat in the
atmosphere near the Earth’s surface (the troposphere). The greenhouse effect is a natural process that
contributes to regulating the Earth’s temperature, and it creates a livable environment on Earth. Human
activities that emit additional GHGs to the atmosphere increase the amount of infrared radiation that gets
absorbed before escaping into space, thus enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing the Earth’s
surface temperature to rise. Global climate change is a cumulative impact; a project contributes to this
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impact through its incremental contribution combined with the cumulative increase of all other sources of
GHGs. Thus, GHG impacts are recognized exclusively as cumulative impacts (CAPCOA 2008).
A GHG is any gas that absorbs infrared radiation in the atmosphere; in other words, GHGs trap heat in the
atmosphere. As defined in California Health and Safety Code Section 38505(g) for purposes of administering
many of the state’s primary GHG emissions reduction programs, GHGs include CO2, methane (CH4), nitrous
oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride (see also
CEQA Guidelines Section 15364.5).9 The three GHGs evaluated herein are CO2, CH4, and N2O because these
gases would be emitted during project construction and operation.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change developed the global warming potential (GWP) concept to
compare the ability of each GHG to trap heat in the atmosphere relative to another gas. The reference gas
used is CO2; therefore, GWP-weighted emissions are measured in MT of CO2 equivalent (CO2e). Consistent
with CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0, this GHG emissions analysis assumed the GWP for CH4 is 25 (i.e.,
emissions of 1 MT of CH4 are equivalent to emissions of 25 MT of CO2), and the GWP for N2O is 298, based
on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC 2007).
As discussed in Section 3.3, Air Quality, the project is located within the jurisdictional boundaries of the
SCAQMD. In October 2008, the SCAQMD proposed recommended numeric CEQA significance thresholds
for GHG emissions for lead agencies to use in assessing GHG impacts of residential and commercial
development projects as presented in its Draft Guidance Document—Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
Significance Threshold (SCAQMD 2008b). This document, which builds on the previous guidance prepared
by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association, explored various approaches for establishing a
significance threshold for GHG emissions. The draft interim CEQA thresholds guidance document was not
adopted or approved by the Governing Board. However, in December 2008, the SCAQMD adopted an
interim 10,000 MT CO2e per-year screening level threshold for stationary source/industrial projects for
which the SCAQMD is the lead agency (SCAQMD 2008c). The 10,000 MT CO2e per-year threshold, which
was derived from GHG reduction targets established in Executive Order (EO) S-3-05, was based on the
conclusion that the threshold was consistent with achieving an emissions capture rate of 90% of all new or
modified stationary source projects.
The SCAQMD formed a GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Working Group to work with SCAQMD staff on
developing GHG CEQA significance thresholds until statewide significance thresholds or guidelines are
established. From December 2008 to September 2010, the SCAQMD hosted working group meetings and
revised the draft threshold proposal several times, although it did not officially provide these proposals in
a subsequent document. The SCAQMD has continued to consider adoption of significance thresholds for
residential and general land-use development projects. The most recent proposal issued by SCAQMD,
issued in September 2010, uses the following tiered approach to evaluate potential GHG impacts from
various uses (SCAQMD 2010):
Tier 1. Determine if CEQA categorical exemptions are applicable. If not, move to Tier 2.
9 Climate-forcing substances include greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other substances such as black carbon and aerosols. This
discussion focuses on the seven GHGs identified in the California Health and Safety Code Section 38505; impacts associated
with other climate-forcing substances are not evaluated herein.
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Tier 2. Consider whether or not the project is consistent with a locally adopted GHG reduction plan that
has gone through public hearing and CEQA review, which has an approved inventory, includes
monitoring, etc. If not, move to Tier 3.
Tier 3. Consider whether the project generates GHG emissions in excess of screening thresholds for
individual land uses. The 10,000 MT CO2e per-year threshold for industrial uses would be
recommended for use by all lead agencies. Under option 1, separate screening thresholds are
proposed for residential projects (3,500 MT CO2e per year), commercial projects (1,400 MT CO2e
per year), and mixed-use projects (3,000 MT CO2e per year). Under option 2, a single numerical
screening threshold of 3,000 MT CO2e per year would be used for all non-industrial projects. If the
project generates emissions in excess of the applicable screening threshold, move to Tier 4.
Tier 4. Consider whether the project generates GHG emissions in excess of applicable performance
standards for the project service population (population plus employment). The efficiency targets
were established based on the goal of AB 32 to reduce statewide GHG emissions to 1990 levels
by 2020. The 2020 efficiency targets are 4.8 MT CO2e per-service population for project-level
analyses and 6.6 MT CO2e per-service population for plan-level analyses. If the project generates
emissions in excess of the applicable efficiency targets, move to Tier 5.
Tier 5. Consider the implementation of CEQA mitigation (including the purchase of GHG offsets) to reduce
the project efficiency target to Tier 4 levels.
To determine the project’s potential to generate GHG emissions that would have a significant impact on
the environment, its GHG emissions were compared to the SCAQMD recommended quantitative threshold
of 3,000 MT CO2e per year.
Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Construction of the project would result in GHG emissions, which are primarily associated with use of off-
road construction equipment, on-road haul and vendor trucks, and worker vehicles. The SCAQMD Draft
Guidance Document – Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Threshold (SCAQMD 2008b)
recommends that “construction emissions be amortized over a 30-year project lifetime, so that GHG
reduction measures will address construction GHG emissions as part of the operational GHG reduction
strategies.” Thus, the total construction GHG emissions were calculated, amortized over 30 years, and
added to the total operational emissions for comparison with the GHG significance threshold of 3,000 MT
CO2e per year. The determination of significance, therefore, is addressed in the operational emissions
discussion following the estimated construction emissions.
CalEEMod was used to calculate the annual GHG emissions based on the construction scenario described in
Section 3.3. Construction of the project is anticipated to commence in March 2023, lasting a total of 19
months and reaching completion in September 2024. On-site sources of GHG emissions include off-road
equipment and off-site sources include haul trucks, vendor trucks, and worker vehicles. Table 3.8-1 presents
construction GHG emissions for the project from on-site and off-site emission sources.
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Table 3.8-1. Estimated Annual Construction GHG Emissions
Year
CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Metric Tons
2023 587.52 0.09 0.02 596.89
2024 399.91 0.05 0.02 406.11
Total 1,003.00
Annualized emissions over 30 years (metric tons per year) 33.43
Notes: CO2 = carbon dioxide; CH4 = methane; N2O = nitrous oxide; CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent; GHG = greenhouse gas.
See Attachment A for complete results. Values of “<0.01” indicate that the estimated emissions are less than two decimals.
As shown in Table 3.8-1, the estimated total GHG emissions during construction would be approximately
1,003 MT CO2e. Estimated project-generated construction emissions amortized over 30 years would be
approximately 33 MT CO2e per year. As with project-generated construction air quality pollutant emissions,
GHG emissions generated during construction of the project would be short-term in nature, lasting only for
the duration of the construction period, and would not represent a long-term source of GHG emissions.
Because there is no separate GHG threshold for construction, the evaluation of significance is discussed
in the operational emissions analysis in the following text.
Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions
CalEEMod Version 2020.4.0 was used to estimate potential project-generated operational GHG
emissions from area sources (landscape maintenance), natural gas combustion, electrical generation,
water supply and wastewater treatment, solid waste, and off-road equipment (CNG forklifts). As with the
air quality analysis, mobile source GHG emissions were estimated using CalEEMod. Emissions from each
category—area sources, energy sources, mobile sources, solid waste, water supply and wastewater
treatment, and off-road equipment—are discussed in the following text with respect to the project. For
additional details, see Section 3.3 for a discussion of operational emission calculation methodology and
assumptions, specifically for area, energy (natural gas), and mobile sources. Operational year 2025 was
assumed to be the first full year of operation following completion of construction.
Area Sources
CalEEMod was used to estimate GHG emissions from the project’s area sources, including operation of
gasoline-powered landscape maintenance equipment, which produce minimal GHG emissions. It was
assumed that 100% of the landscaping equipment would be gasoline powered. Consumer product use and
architectural coatings result in VOC emissions, which are analyzed in air quality analysis only, and low to no
GHG emissions.
Energy Sources
CalEEMod default values for energy consumption for each land use were applied for the project and existing
analyses. The energy use from non-residential land uses is calculated in CalEEMod based on the California
Commercial End-Use Survey database. Energy use in buildings (both natural gas and electricity) is divided
by the program into end-use categories subject to Title 24 requirements (end uses associated with the
building envelope, such as the HVAC system, water heating system, and integrated lighting) and those not
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subject to Title 24 requirements (such as appliances, electronics, and miscellaneous “plug-in” uses).
CalEEMod assumes compliance with the 2019 Title 24 code. Notably, neither the project nor existing
warehouses are cold storage facilities.
Mobile Sources
All details for criteria air pollutants discussed in Section 3.3 are also applicable for the estimation of
operational mobile source GHG emissions. It was assumed that the warehouse would operation 7 days per
week; therefore, 365 days of vehicle emissions were assumed. Regulatory measures related to mobile
sources include AB 1493 (Pavley) and related federal standards. AB 1493 required that CARB establish
GHG emission standards for automobiles, light-duty trucks, and other vehicles determined by CARB to be
vehicles that are primarily used for noncommercial personal transportation in the state. In addition, the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and EPA have established corporate fuel economy standards
and GHG emission standards, respectively, for automobiles and light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles.
Implementation of these standards and fleet turnover (replacement of older vehicles with newer ones) will
gradually reduce emissions from the project’s motor vehicles. The effectiveness of fuel economy
improvements was evaluated to the extent it was captured in the EMFAC2017 emission factors for motor
vehicles in 2025.
Solid Waste
The project would generate solid waste and, therefore, result in CO2e emissions associated with landfill off-
gassing. CalEEMod default values for solid waste generation were used to estimate GHG emissions
associated with solid waste.
Water and Wastewater
Supply, conveyance, treatment, and distribution of water for the project require the use of electricity, which
would result in associated indirect GHG emissions. Similarly, wastewater generated by the project requires
the use of electricity for conveyance and treatment, along with GHG emissions generated during wastewater
treatment. Water consumption estimates for both indoor and outdoor water use and associated electricity
consumption from water use and wastewater generation were estimated using CalEEMod default values.
Off-Road Equipment
As explained in Section 3.3, while the exact operational off-road equipment is unknown at this time, it
was conservatively assumed that 25 CNG forklifts would operate for 8 hours per day at the project site.
The estimated operational (year 2025) project-generated GHG emissions from area sources, energy usage,
motor vehicles, solid waste generation, water usage and wastewater generation, and off-road equipment
are shown in Table 3.8-2. Notably, as discussed in Section 3.3, Air Quality, the project would also be required
to comply with Ordinance No. 1891, which includes additional requirements for all warehouse projects within
the City, pertaining to buffering and screening specifications, signage and traffic patterns, alternative energy,
and construction and operation.
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Table 3.8-2. Estimated Annual Operation GHG Emissions
Emissions Source
CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Metric Tons per Year
Project
Area 0.01 <0.01 0.00 0.01
Energy 119.13 0.01 <0.01 119.76
Mobile 2,204.55 0.09 0.26 2,285.08
Offroad (Forklifts) 569.92 0.18 0.00 574.53
Waste 38.56 2.28 0.00 95.54
Water 123.55 1.52 0.04 172.37
Total 3,247.29
Existing
Area <0.01 0.00 0.00 <0.01
Energy 16.75 <0.01 <0.01 16.84
Mobile 722.49 0.02 0.08 748.04
Waste 6.16 0.6 0.00 15.27
Water 19.61 0.24 0.01 27.50
Total 807.65
Net Change in Emissions
Net Change (Project – Existing) 2,439.64
Amortized Construction Emissions 33.43
Net Change with Amortized Construction Emissions 2,473.07
Notes: CO2 = carbon dioxide; CH4 = methane; N2O = nitrous oxide; CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent.
See Appendix A for complete results. Values of “<0.01” indicate that the estimated emissions are less than two decimals.
As shown in Table 3.8-2, the estimated net increase in GHG emissions from operation of the project would
be approximately 2,473 MT CO2e per year, including amortized construction emissions. Annual operational
GHG emissions with amortized construction emissions would not exceed the SCAQMD recommended
threshold of 3,000 MT CO2e per year. Note that other than adherence to energy, water, and other efficiency
regulatory requirements, GHG emissions modeling did not take credit for compliance with SWIP SP PEIR
mitigation measures that are still applicable to project construction but did not need to be accounted for in
the modeling because operational-related emissions are already less than significant without mitigation.
Applicable mitigation includes MM-4.2-5a (listed under the “Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to
Project” subheading, below) and can still be applied to the project in an effort to reduce the already less-
than-significant impacts.
Therefore, impacts associated with the generation of GHG emissions would be less than significant and no
new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
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b) Would the project generate conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose
of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that implementation of the SWIP SP would result in GHG emissions equal to
1,147,515.21 MT CO2e per year absent project design features and mitigation. The SWIP SP PEIR included
mitigation (MM-4.2-5a) that would require the individual development projects within the SWIP SP area to
incorporate sustainable practices related to water usage, energy usage, solid waste generation, and
transportation. The SWIP SP PEIR determined that implementation of the reduction measures required by
MM-4.2-5a would reduce GHG emission from buildout of the SWIP SP to 774,572.77 MT CO2e per year (an
approximate 32.5% reduction relative to the unmitigated emissions). The SWIP SP PEIR determined that
because MM-4.2-5 would result in GHG reductions that would exceed the mandate of AB 32,
implementation of the SWIP SP would not generate GHG emissions that have a significant impact on the
environment and that the SWIP SP would be consistent with applicable plans and policies related GHG
emissions reductions.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would not
conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of
GHGs, as addressed below.
Consistency with the Attorney General Recommendations
The project would not prevent the SWIP SP from achieving the Attorney General’s recommendations and would
achieve a minimum of 28.5% reduction in GHG emissions from business-as-usual conditions with
implementation of the mitigation measures as identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. The project would not conflict with
the Attorney General’s recommended measures that are identified in the SWIP SP PEIR including measures for
energy efficiency, renewable energy, water conservation and efficiency, solid waste, land uses, and
transportation and motor vehicles. Table 3.8-3 presents an evaluation of how the project would comply with the
Attorney General’s 2008 recommended measures (Attorney General 2008).
Table 3.8-3. Compliance with Attorney General’s Recommendation Measures
Attorney General’s Recommended
Measures
Compliance with Attorney General’s
Recommendations
Efficiency
Design buildings to be energy efficient. Site buildings
to take advantage of shade, prevailing winds,
landscaping and sun screens to reduce energy use.
The project does not conflict with the goals and
objectives of these measures. The project would
comply with the current Title 24 Building Energy
Efficiency code requirements. Install light colored “cool” roofs, cool pavements, and
strategically placed shade trees.
Install efficient lighting and lighting control systems.
Use daylight as an integral part of lighting systems in
buildings.
Limit the hours of operation of outdoor lighting.
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Table 3.8-3. Compliance with Attorney General’s Recommendation Measures
Attorney General’s Recommended
Measures
Compliance with Attorney General’s
Recommendations
Renewable Energy
Install solar and wind power systems, solar and
tankless hot water heaters, and energy-efficient
heating ventilation and air conditioning. Educate
consumers about existing incentives.
The project would not conflict with this measure. As
required by the current Title 24 building standards,
the project would be required to satisfy the mandatory
requirements for being solar ready.
Water Conservation and Efficiency
Create water-efficient landscapes. The project does not conflict with these measures or
prohibit the SWIP SP from implementation of these
measures. Install water-efficient irrigation systems and devices,
such as soil moisture-based irrigation controls.
Devise a comprehensive water conservation strategy
appropriate for the project and location. The strategy
may include many of the specific items listed above,
plus other innovative measures that are appropriate
to the specific project.
Use reclaimed water for landscape irrigation in new
developments. Install the infrastructure to deliver and
use reclaimed water.
Restrict watering methods (e.g., prohibit systems that
apply water to non-vegetated surfaces) and control
runoff.
Implement low-impact development practices that
maintain the existing hydrologic character of the site
to manage storm water and protect the environment.
(Retaining storm water runoff on- site can drastically
reduce the need for energy- intensive imported water
at the site.)
Solid Waste Measures
Provide interior and exterior storage areas for
recyclables and green waste and adequate recycling
containers located in public areas.
The project does not conflict with this measure. The
project would provide the requisite waste bins as
required by the City of Fontana’s municipal code.
Provide education and publicity about reducing waste
and available recycling services.
Land Use Measures
Include mixed-use, infill, and higher density in
development projects to support the reduction of
vehicle trips, promote alternatives to individual
vehicle travel, and promote efficient delivery of
services and goods.
The project does not conflict with these measures or
prohibit the SWIP SP from implementation of these
measures.
Preserve and create open space and parks. Preserve
existing trees, and plant replacement trees at a set
ratio.
Include pedestrian and bicycle-only streets and plazas
within developments. Create travel routes that ensure
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Table 3.8-3. Compliance with Attorney General’s Recommendation Measures
Attorney General’s Recommended
Measures
Compliance with Attorney General’s
Recommendations
that destinations may be reached conveniently by
public transportation, bicycling or walking.
Transportation and Motor Vehicles
Limit idling time for commercial vehicles, including
delivery and construction vehicles.
The project does not conflict with this measure.
Additionally, the project would be required to limit idle
times pursuant to Title 13 of the California Code of
Regulations, Section 2485.
Promote “least polluting” ways to connect people and
goods to their destinations.
The project does not conflict with this measure or
prohibit the SWIP SP from implementation of this
measure. Create bicycle lanes and walking paths directed to the
location of schools, parks and other destination
points.
For commercial projects, provide adequate bicycle
parking near building entrances to promote cyclist
safety, security, and convenience. For large
employers, provide facilities that encourage bicycle
commuting, including, e.g., locked bicycle storage or
covered or indoor bicycle parking.
Source: Attorney General 2008.
Notes: SWIP = Southwest Industrial Park; SP = Specific Plan.
Consistency with the CARB Scoping Plan
The Climate Change Scoping Plan, approved by CARB in 2008 and updated in 2014 and 2017, provides a
framework for actions to reduce California’s GHG emissions and requires CARB and other state agencies
to adopt regulations and other initiatives to reduce GHGs. The Scoping Plan is not directly applicable to
specific projects, and it is not intended to be used for project-level evaluations.10 Under the Scoping Plan,
however, several state regulatory measures aim to identify and reduce GHG emissions. CARB and other
state agencies have adopted many of the measures identified in the Scoping Plan. Most of these measures
focus on area-source emissions (e.g., energy usage and high-GWP GHGs in consumer products) and
changes to the vehicle fleet (e.g., hybrid, electric, and more fuel-efficient vehicles) and associated fuels,
among others.
The Scoping Plan recommends strategies for implementation at the statewide level to meet the goals of AB
32 and establishes an overall framework for the measures that will be adopted to reduce California’s GHG
emissions. Table 3.8-4 highlights measures that have been, or will be, developed under the 2008 Scoping
Plan and presents the project’s consistency with Scoping Plan measures. The project would comply with all
regulations adopted in furtherance of the Scoping Plan to the extent required by law and to the extent that
they are applicable to the project.
10 The Final Statement of Reasons for the amendments to the CEQA Guidelines reiterates the statement in the Initial Statement of
Reasons that “[t]he Scoping Plan may not be appropriate for use in determining the significance of individual projects because it
is conceptual at this stage and relies on the future development of regulations to implement the strategies identified in the
Scoping Plan” (CNRA 2009).
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Table 3.8-4. Proposed Project Consistency with 2008 Scoping Plan GHG
Emission Reduction Strategies
Scoping Plan Measure
Measure
Number Project Evaluation
Transportation Sector
Advanced Clean Cars T-1 Consistent. The project’s employees would purchase vehicles
in compliance with CARB vehicle standards that are in effect at
the time of vehicle purchase.
Low Carbon Fuel Standard T-2 Not applicable. This is a statewide measure that cannot be
implemented by a project applicant or lead agency.
Nonetheless, this standard would be applicable to the fuel
used by vehicles that would access the project site (i.e., motor
vehicles driven by the project’s employees and heavy-duty
trucks would use compliant fuels).
Regional Transportation-Related
GHG Targets
T-3 Not applicable. The project is not related to developing GHG
emission reduction targets. The project would not preclude the
implementation of this strategy.
Advanced Clean Transit N/A Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Last-Mile Delivery N/A Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Reduction in VMT N/A Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Vehicle Efficiency Measures
1. Tire Pressure
2. Fuel Efficiency Tire Program
3. Low-Friction Oil
4. Solar-Reflective Automotive
Paint and Window Glazing
T-4 Not applicable. Identifies measures such as minimum tire-fuel
efficiency, lower friction oil, and reduction in air conditioning
use. The project would not prevent CARB from implementing
this measure.
Ship Electrification at Ports
(Shore Power)
T-5 Not applicable. The project is not within a Port District and the
project would not prevent CARB from implementing this
measure.
Goods Movement Efficiency
Measures
1. Port Drayage Trucks
2. Transport Refrigeration
Units Cold Storage
Prohibition
3. Cargo Handling Equipment,
Anti-Idling, Hybrid,
Electrification
4. Goods Movement
Systemwide Efficiency
Improvements
5. Commercial Harbor Craft
Maintenance and Design
Efficiency
T-6 Consistent. The project would comply with the cargo handling
equipment and not having cold storage portions of the
measure.
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Table 3.8-4. Proposed Project Consistency with 2008 Scoping Plan GHG
Emission Reduction Strategies
Scoping Plan Measure
Measure
Number Project Evaluation
6. Clean Ships
7. Vessel Speed Reduction
Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG
Emission Reduction
▪ Tractor-Trailer GHG
Regulation
▪ Heavy-Duty Greenhouse
Gas Standards for New
Vehicle and Engines
(Phase I)
T-7 Consistent. Heavy-duty vehicles would be required to comply
with CARB GHG reduction measures. In addition, the project
would not prevent CARB from implementing this measure.
Medium- and Heavy-Duty
Vehicle Hybridization Voucher
Incentive Project
T-8 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Medium and Heavy-Duty GHG
Phase 2
N/A Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
High-Speed Rail T-9 Not applicable. The project does not include rail and would not
prevent CARB from implementing this measure.
Electricity and Natural Gas Sector
Energy Efficiency Measures
(Electricity)
E-1 Consistent. The project would comply with the current Title 24
Building Energy Efficiency Standards. In addition, the project
would not prevent CARB from implementing this measure.
Energy Efficiency (Natural Gas) CR-1 Consistent. The project would comply with the current Title 24
Building Energy Efficiency Standards. In addition, the project
would not prevent CARB from implementing this measure.
Solar Water Heating (California
Solar Initiative Thermal
Program)
CR-2 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Combined Heat and Power E-2 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Renewables Portfolio Standard
(33% by 2020)
E-3 Consistent. The electricity used by the project would benefit
from reduced GHG emissions resulting from increased use of
renewable energy sources.
Renewables Portfolio Standard
(50% by 2050)
N/A Consistent. The electricity used by the project would benefit
from reduced GHG emissions resulting from increased use of
renewable energy sources.
SB 1 Million Solar Roofs
(California Solar Initiative, New
Solar Home Partnership, Public
Utility Programs) and Earlier
Solar Programs
E-4 Consistent. The Million Solar Roofs program sets a goal for use
of solar systems throughout the state as a whole. While the
project currently does not include solar energy generation, the
building roof structure will be designed to support solar panels
in the future, consistent with Title 24 requirements.
Water Sector
Water Use Efficiency W-1 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
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Table 3.8-4. Proposed Project Consistency with 2008 Scoping Plan GHG
Emission Reduction Strategies
Scoping Plan Measure
Measure
Number Project Evaluation
Water Recycling W-2 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Water System Energy Efficiency W-3 Not applicable. This is applicable for the transmission and
treatment of water, but it is not applicable for the project. The
project would not prevent CARB from implementing this
measure.
Reuse Urban Runoff W-4 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Renewable Energy Production W-5 Not applicable. Applicable for wastewater treatment systems. In
addition, the project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Green Buildings
State Green Building Initiative:
Leading the Way with State
Buildings (Greening New and
Existing State Buildings)
GB-1 Consistent. The project would be required to be constructed in
compliance with state or local green building standards in
effect at the time of building construction.
Green Building Standards Code
(Greening New Public Schools,
Residential and Commercial
Buildings)
GB-1 Consistent. The project’s buildings would meet green building
standards that are in effect at the time of design and
construction.
Beyond Code: Voluntary
Programs at the Local Level
(Greening New Public Schools,
Residential and Commercial
Buildings)
GB-1 Consistent. The project’s buildings would meet green building
standards that are in effect at the time of design and
construction.
Greening Existing Buildings
(Greening Existing Homes and
Commercial Buildings)
GB-1 Not applicable. This is applicable for existing buildings only.
Industry Sector
Energy Efficiency and Co-
Benefits Audits for Large
Industrial Sources
I-1 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Oil and Gas Extraction GHG
Emission Reduction
I-2 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Reduce GHG Emissions by 20%
in Oil Refinery Sector
N/A Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
GHG Emissions Reduction from
Natural Gas Transmission and
Distribution
I-3 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Refinery Flare Recovery Process
Improvements
I-4 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
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Table 3.8-4. Proposed Project Consistency with 2008 Scoping Plan GHG
Emission Reduction Strategies
Scoping Plan Measure
Measure
Number Project Evaluation
Work with the Local Air Districts
to Evaluate Amendments to
Their Existing Leak Detection
and Repair Rules for Industrial
Facilities to Include Methane
Leaks
I-5 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Recycling and Waste Management Sector
Landfill Methane Control
Measure
RW-1 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Increasing the Efficiency of
Landfill Methane Capture
RW-2 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Mandatory Commercial
Recycling
RW-3 Consistent. During both construction and operation of the
project, the project would comply with all state regulations
related to solid waste generation, storage, and disposal,
including the California Integrated Waste Management Act, as
amended.
Increase Production and
Markets for Compost and Other
Organics
RW-3 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Anaerobic/Aerobic Digestion RW-3 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Extended Producer
Responsibility
RW-3 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Environmentally Preferable
Purchasing
RW-3 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Forests Sector
Sustainable Forest Target F-1 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
High GWP Gases Sector
Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning
Systems: Reduction of
Refrigerant Emissions from Non-
Professional Servicing
H-1 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
SF6 Limits in Non-Utility and
Non-Semiconductor
Applications
H-2 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Reduction of Perfluorocarbons
(PFCs) in Semiconductor
Manufacturing
H-3 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Limit High GWP Use in
Consumer Products
H-4 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
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Table 3.8-4. Proposed Project Consistency with 2008 Scoping Plan GHG
Emission Reduction Strategies
Scoping Plan Measure
Measure
Number Project Evaluation
Air Conditioning Refrigerant
Leak Test During Vehicle Smog
Check
H-5 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Stationary Equipment
Refrigerant Management
Program – Refrigerant
Tracking/Reporting/Repair
Program
H-6 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Stationary Equipment
Refrigerant Management
Program – Specifications for
Commercial and Industrial
Refrigeration
H-6 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
SF6 Leak Reduction Gas
Insulated Switchgear
H-6 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
40% Reduction in Methane and
Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)
Emissions
N/A Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
50% Reduction in Black Carbon
Emissions
N/A Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Agriculture Sector
Methane Capture at Large
Dairies
A-1 Not applicable. The project would not prevent CARB from
implementing this measure.
Notes: GHG = greenhouse gas; CARB = California Air Resources Board; VMT = vehicle miles traveled; SB = Senate Bill; N/A = not
applicable; SF6 = sulfur hexafluoride.
Based on the analysis in Table 3.8-4, the project would not conflict with the applicable strategies and
measures in the 2008 Scoping Plan.
The 2017 Scoping Plan Update reflects the 2030 target of a 40% reduction below 1990 levels codified by
Senate Bill (SB) 32. Table 3.8-5 evaluates the Project’s potential to conflict with the 2017 Scoping Plan
recommended actions.
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Table 3.8-5. Project Consistency with 2017 Scoping Plan Climate Change Policies
and Measures
Recommend Action Summary Lead Agencies Project Evaluation
Implement SB 350 by 2030
▪ Increase Renewable Portfolio
Standard
▪ Establish annual targets for statewide
energy efficiency
▪ Reduce GHG emissions in the
electricity sector
CPUC, CEC, CARB Consistent. The electricity used by the project
would benefit from reduced GHG emissions
resulting from increased use of renewable
energy sources.
Implement Mobile Source Strategy
(Cleaner Technology and Fuels)
▪ Increase zero emission and plug-in
hybrid electric vehicles
▪ Increase GHG stringency on light-duty
vehicles beyond Advanced Clean Cars
▪ Medium- and heavy-duty GHG Phase 2
▪ Innovative Clean Transit
▪ Last Mile Delivery
▪ Further reduce VMT through SB 375
and regional Sustainable Communities
Strategy
CARB, CalSTA,
SGC, Caltrans,
CEC, OPR, Local
agencies
Not applicable. The project would not prevent
CARB and other agencies from implementing
this measure.
Increase stringency of SB 375 Sustainable
Communities Strategy (2035 targets)
CARB Not applicable. This action is directed
towards policymakers and would not be
directly applicable to the project.
Adjust performance measures used to
select and design transportation facilities
by 2019
CalSTA and SGC,
OPR, CARB,
GoBiz, IBank,
DOF, CTC,
Caltrans
Not applicable. The action is directed
towards CARB and Caltrans.
Develop pricing policies to support low-
GHG transportation (e.g., low-emission
vehicle zones for heavy duty, road user,
parking pricing, transit discounts) by 2019
CalSTA, Caltrans,
CTC, OPR/SGC,
CARB
Not applicable. This action is directed
towards policymakers and would not be
directly applicable to the project.
Implement California Sustainable Freight
Action Plan
CalSTA, CalEPA,
CNRA, CARB,
Caltrans, CEC,
GoBiz
Consistent. This measure would apply to all
trucks accessing the project site, which may
include existing trucks or new trucks that are
part of the statewide goods movement
sector. The project would not obstruct or
interfere with agency efforts to Improve
freight system efficiency.
Adopt a Low Carbon Fuel Standard with a
carbon intensity reduction of 18%
CARB Not applicable. The project would not prevent
CARB from implementing this measure.
Implement the Short-Lived Climate
Pollutant Strategy by 2030
CARB,
CalRecycle,
CDFA, SWRCB,
Local air districts
Not applicable. The project would not prevent
CARB and other agencies from implementing
this measure.
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Table 3.8-5. Project Consistency with 2017 Scoping Plan Climate Change Policies
and Measures
Recommend Action Summary Lead Agencies Project Evaluation
Develop regulations and programs to
support organic waste landfill reduction
goals in the Short-Lived Climate Pollutant
Strategy and SB 1383 by 2019
CARB,
CalRecycle,
CDFA, SWRCB,
Local air districts
Not applicable. The project would not prevent
CARB and other agencies from implementing
this measure.
Implement the post-2020 Cap-and-Trade
Program with declining annual caps
CARB Not applicable. The project is not subject to
the California Cap-and-Trade Program.
Develop Integrated Natural and Working
Lands Implementation Plan to secure
California’s land base as a net carbon sink
by 2018
CNRA and
departments
within, CDFA,
CalEPA, CARB
Not applicable. The project would not prevent
CARB and other agencies from implementing
this measure.
Establish a carbon accounting framework
for natural and working lands as described
in SB 859 by 2018
CARB Not applicable. The project would not prevent
CARB from implementing this measure.
Implement Forest Carbon Plan CNRA, CAL FIRE,
CalEPA and
departments
within
Not applicable. This action is not within the
purview of this project. In addition, the
project components are located within
developed urban areas and would not affect
forested areas.
Identify and expand funding and financing
mechanisms to support GHG reductions
across all sectors.
State Agencies &
Local Agencies
Not applicable. This action is not within the
purview of this project.
Source: CARB 2017.
Notes: CalEPA = California Environmental Protection Agency; CAL FIRE = California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection;
CalRecycle = California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery; CalSTA = California State Transportation Agency; Caltrans = California Department of Transportation; CARB = California Air Resources Board; CDFA = California Department of Food and
Agriculture; CEC = California Energy Commission; CNRA = California Natural Resources Agency; CPUC = California Public Utilities
Commission; CTC = California Transportation Commission; DOF = Department of Finance; GHG = greenhouse gas; GoBiz = Governor’s
Office of Business and Economic Development; IBank = California Infrastructure Economic Development Bank; OPR = Governor’s
Office of Planning and Research; SB = Senate Bill; SGC = Strategic Growth Council; I- = Interstate.
Based on the analysis in Table 3.8-5, the project would not conflict with the applicable climate change
policies and measures in the 2017 Scoping Plan.
Potential to Conflict with the Southern California Association of Governments 2020–
2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy
The SCAG 2020–2045 RTP/SCS is a regional growth management strategy that targets per capita GHG
reduction from passenger vehicles and light trucks in the Southern California Region pursuant to SB 375
(SCAG 2020a). In addition to demonstrating the region’s ability to attain the GHG emission-reduction
targets set forth by CARB, the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS outlines a series of actions and strategies for
integrating the transportation network with an overall land use pattern that responds to projected growth,
housing needs, changing demographics, and transportation demands. Thus, successful implementation of
the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS would result in more complete communities with various transportation and
housing choices while reducing automobile use.
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The following strategies are intended to be supportive of implementing the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS and
reducing GHGs: focus growth near destinations and mobility options; promote diverse housing choices;
leverage technology innovations; support implementation of sustainability policies; and promote a green
region (SCAG 2020a). The strategies that pertain to residential development and SCAG’s support of local
jurisdiction sustainability efforts would not apply to the project. The project’s potential to conflict with the
remaining applicable strategies is presented below.
▪ Focus Growth Near Destinations and Mobility Options. One of the strategies within the 2020-2045
RPT/SCS is to, among other aspects, expand job opportunities near transit and along center-
focused main streets, as well as the promote the redevelopment of underperforming retail
development and other outmoded non-residential uses. The project would not conflict with this
strategy of the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS as the project is located within 0.6-mile of major roadways
(San Bernardino Freeway, Jurupa Avenue, and Cherry Avenue) and supports the redevelopment of
an older office/warehouse building use, which will also expand job opportunities.
▪ Leverage Technology Innovations. One of the technology innovations identified in the 2020-2045
RTP/SCS that would apply to the project is the promotion and support of low emission technologies
for transportation, such as alternative fueled vehicles to reduce per capita GHG emissions. The
project would not conflict with SCAG’s ability to implement this strategy and would utilize CNG
forklifts during operation.
▪ Promote a Green Region. The third applicable strategy within the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, for
individual developments, such as the project, involves promoting a green region through efforts
such as supporting local policies for renewable energy production and promoting more resource
efficient development (e.g., reducing energy consumption) to reduce GHG emissions. The project
would support this measure by meeting all applicable green building standards, including Title 24
Part 6 (California Energy Efficiency Standards) and Part 11 (California Green Building Standards),
that are in effect at the time of design and construction.
Based on the analysis above, the project would be consistent with the SCAG 2020-2045 RTP/SCS.
Potential to Conflict with Executive Order S-03-05 and Senate Bill 32
The project would not impede the attainment of the GHG reduction goals for 2030 or 2050 identified in EO
S-03-05 and SB 32. EO S-03-05 establishes the following goals: GHG emissions should be reduced to 2000
levels by 2010, to 1990 levels by 2020, and to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. SB 32 establishes for a
statewide GHG emissions reduction target whereby CARB, in adopting rules and regulations to achieve the
maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective GHG emissions reductions, shall ensure that
statewide GHG emissions are reduced to at least 40% below 1990 levels by December 31, 2030. While
there are no established protocols or thresholds of significance for that future year analysis, CARB forecasts
that compliance with the current Scoping Plan puts the state on a trajectory toward meeting these long-
term GHG goals, although the specific path to compliance is unknown (CARB 2014).
To begin, CARB has expressed optimism with regard to both the 2030 and 2050 goals. It states in the First
Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan that “California is on track to meet the near-term 2020 GHG
emissions limit and is well positioned to maintain and continue reductions beyond 2020 as required by AB
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32” (CARB 2014). With regard to the 2050 target for reducing GHG emissions to 80% below 1990 levels,
the First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan states the following (CARB 2014):
This level of reduction is achievable in California. In fact, if California realizes the expected
benefits of existing policy goals (such as 12,000 megawatts of renewable distributed
generation by 2020, net zero energy homes after 2020, existing building retrofits under
AB 758, and others) it could reduce emissions by 2030 to levels squarely in line with those
needed in the developed world and to stay on track to reduce emissions to 80% below
1990 levels by 2050. Additional measures, including locally driven measures and those
necessary to meet federal air quality standards in 2032, could lead to even greater
emission reductions.
In other words, CARB believes that the state is on a trajectory to meet the 2030 and 2050 GHG reduction
targets set forth in AB 32, SB 32, and EO S-03-05. This is confirmed in the Second Update to the Scoping
Plan, which states (CARB 2017):
The Proposed Plan builds upon the successful framework established by the Initial Scoping
Plan and First Update, while also identifying new, technologically feasibility and cost-
effective strategies to ensure that California meets its GHG reduction targets in a way that
promotes and rewards innovation, continues to foster economic growth, and delivers
improvements to the environment and public health, including in disadvantaged
communities. The Proposed Plan is developed to be consistent with requirements set forth
in AB 32, SB 32, and AB 197.
As discussed previously, the project is consistent with the GHG emission reduction measures in the Scoping
Plan and SCAG’s 2020–2045 RTP/SCS and would not conflict with the state’s trajectory toward future GHG
reductions. In addition, since the specific path to compliance for the state in regard to the long-term goals
will likely require development of technology or other changes that are not currently known or available,
specific additional mitigation measures for the project would be speculative and cannot be identified at
this time. With respect to future GHG targets under SB 32 and EO S-03-05, CARB has also made clear its
legal interpretation is that it has the requisite authority to adopt whatever regulations are necessary, beyond
the AB 32 horizon year of 2020, to meet SB 32’s 40% reduction target by 2030 and EO S-03-05’s 80%
reduction target by 2050; this legal interpretation by an expert agency provides evidence that future
regulations will be adopted to continue the state on its trajectory toward meeting these future GHG targets.
Based on the considerations previously outlined, the project would not conflict with an applicable plan,
policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs, and no mitigation is
required. Therefore, the project’s impact associated with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted
for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs would be less than significant.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
MM-4.2-5a Prior to the issuance of building permits, future development projects shall demonstrate
the incorporation of project design features that achieve a minimum of 28.5 percent
reduction in GHG emissions from non-mobile sources as compared to business as usual
conditions. With regard to expansions/modifications of existing facilities, this mitigation
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measure shall be applied to the resulting incremental net increase in enclosed floor area.
Future project shall include but not be limited to, the following list of potential design
features (which include measures for reducing GHG emissions related to Transportation
and Motor Vehicles).
Energy Efficiency
▪ Design buildings to be energy efficient and exceed Title 24 requirements by at least
5 percent.
▪ Install efficient lighting and lighting control systems. Site and design building to take
advantage of daylight.
▪ Use trees, landscaping and sunscreens on west and south exterior building walls to
reduce energy use.
▪ Install light-colored “cool” roofs and cool pavements.
▪ Provide information on energy management services for large energy users.
▪ Install energy efficient heating and cooling systems, appliances and equipment, and
control systems (e.g., minimum of Energy Star rated equipment).
▪ Implement design features to increase the efficiency of the building envelope (i.e., the
barrier between conditioned and unconditioned spaces).
▪ Install light emitting diodes (LEDs) for traffic, street, and other outdoor lighting.
▪ Limit the hours of operation of outdoor lighting.
Renewable Energy
▪ Ensure buildings are designed to have “solar ready” roofs.
▪ Use combined heat and power in appropriate applications.
Water Conservation and Efficiency
▪ Create water-efficient landscapes with a preference for a xeriscape landscape palette.
▪ Install water-efficient irrigation systems and devices, such as soil moisture-based
irrigation controls.
▪ Design buildings to be water-efficient. Install water-efficient fixtures and appliances
(e.g., EPA WaterSense labeled products).
▪ Restrict watering methods (e.g., prohibit systems that apply water to non-vegetated
surfaces) and control runoff.
▪ Restrict the use of water for cleaning outdoor surfaces and vehicles.
▪ Implement low-impact development practices that maintain the existing hydrologic
character of the site to manage storm water and protect the environment. (Retaining
storm water runoff on-site can drastically reduce the need for energy-intensive
imported water at the site).
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▪ Devise a comprehensive water conservation strategy appropriate for the project and
location. The strategy may include many of the specific items listed above, plus other
innovative measures that are appropriate to the specific project.
▪ Provide education about water conservation and available programs and incentives.
Solid Waste Measures
▪ Reuse and recycle construction and demolition waste (including, but not limited to,
soil, vegetation, concrete, lumber, metal, and cardboard).
▪ Provide interior and exterior storage areas for recyclables and green waste and
adequate recycling containers located in public areas.
▪ Provide education and publicity about reducing waste and available recycling services.
Transportation and Motor Vehicles
▪ Limit idling time for commercial vehicles, including delivery and construction vehicles.
▪ Promote ride sharing programs (e.g., by designating a certain percentage of parking
spaces for ride-sharing vehicles, designating adequate passenger loading and
unloading and waiting areas for ride-sharing vehicles, and providing a web site or
message board for coordinating rides).
▪ Create local “light vehicle” networks, such as neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV) systems.
▪ Provide the necessary facilities and infrastructure to encourage the use of low or
zero-emission vehicles (e.g., electric vehicle charging facilities and conveniently
located alternative fueling stations).
▪ Promote “least polluting” ways to connect people and goods to their destinations.
▪ Incorporate bicycle lanes and routes into street systems, new subdivisions, and
large developments.
▪ Incorporate bicycle-friendly intersections into street design.
▪ For commercial projects, provide adequate bicycle parking near building entrances to
promote cyclist safety, security, and convenience. For large employers, provide
facilities that encourage bicycle commuting (e.g., locked bicycle storage or covered or
indoor bicycle parking).
▪ Create bicycle lanes and walking paths directed to the location of schools, parks and
other destination points.
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3.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
IX. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS – Would the project:
a) Create a significant hazard to the public or
the environment through the routine
transport, use, or disposal of hazardous
materials?
b) Create a significant hazard to the public or
the environment through reasonably
foreseeable upset and accident conditions
involving the release of hazardous materials
into the environment?
c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle
hazardous or acutely hazardous materials,
substances, or waste within one-quarter
mile of an existing or proposed school?
d) Be located on a site that is included on a list
of hazardous materials sites compiled
pursuant to Government Code Section
65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a
significant hazard to the public or the
environment?
e) For a project located within an airport land
use plan or, where such a plan has not been
adopted, within two miles of a public airport
or public use airport, would the project
result in a safety hazard or excessive noise
for people residing or working in the project
area?
f) Impair implementation of or physically
interfere with an adopted emergency
response plan or emergency evacuation
plan?
g) Expose people or structures, either directly
or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss,
injury or death involving wildland fires?
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a) Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine
transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the land uses proposed by the SWIP SP could entail the routine
transport, use, storage, and/or disposal of hazardous materials. The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that all future
development within the SWIP SP would be required to comply with applicable federal, state, and local
regulations related to handling, transport, and disposal of hazardous materials and waste. Additionally, the
SWIP SP PEIR established mitigation that prohibits the siting of facilities that handle hazardous materials
near sensitive receptors (e.g., schools, childcare facilities, and senior centers) and requires businesses that
handle hazardous materials to submit hazardous materials inventories to the San Bernardino County Fire
Department (MM-4.5-1a and MM-4.5-1c, respectively). The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that mandatory
compliance with applicable regulations and implementation of the mitigation measures included in the
SWIP SP PEIR would ensure that the SWIP SP would not create a significant hazard to the public or the
environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials. Impacts would be less
than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Short-Term Construction Impacts
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. During project construction, potentially hazardous materials would be handled on site. These
materials would include gasoline, diesel fuel, lubricants, and other petroleum-based products used to operate
and maintain construction equipment. Handling of these potentially hazardous materials would be temporary
and would coincide with the short-term construction phase. Although these materials could be stored on site,
storage would be required to comply with the guidelines established by the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Consistent with federal, state, and local requirements, transport, removal, and disposal of hazardous
materials from the project site would be conducted by a permitted and licensed service provider. Any handling,
transport, use, or disposal would comply with all applicable federal, state, and local agencies and regulations,
including the EPA, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, the California Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, Caltrans, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the San Bernardino
County Fire Department (the Certified Unified Program Agency for San Bernardino County).
Because of the age of the existing on-site buildings, there is a possibility that potentially hazardous building
materials such as asbestos-containing material (ACM) or lead-based paint (LBP) could be encountered during
demolition activities. Consistent with MM-4.5-2c from the SWIP SP PEIR, prior to the issuance of a grading or
building permit, a Certified Environmental Professional will confirm the presence or absence of ACMs and LBPs
prior to structural demolition/renovation activities. Should ACMs or LBPs be present, demolition materials
containing ACMs and/or LBPs will be removed and disposed of at an appropriate permitted facility.
Pursuant to MM-4.5-2a from the SWIP SP PEIR, a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) (Appendix
E) was prepared by Hazard Management Consulting in December 2021, in accordance with American
Society of Testing and Materials Standards and Standards and Practices for All Appropriate Inquiries. The
Phase I ESA covered the entirety of the project site and referenced previous site characterization reports
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prepared for properties that compose the project site. Based on the results of the research and available
data, the Phase I ESA found no recognized environmental conditions at the project site. However, the
investigation found minor areas of significant petroleum staining and septic tanks at the project site.
Pursuant to MM-4.5-2b from the SWIP SP PEIR, all stained concrete and soils will be excavated and
disposed of at a permitted, off-site facility, pursuant to all applicable laws and regulations. Implementation
of MM-4.5-2b will ensure that residual contamination would not result in adverse health and safety impacts
to workers during construction of the project, or to future occupants of the site.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, short-term construction impacts associated with creation of a
hazard to the public or the environment due to hazardous materials would be less than significant and no new
or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
Long-Term Operational Impacts
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Potentially hazardous
materials associated with project operations would include materials used during typical cleaning and
maintenance activities. Although these potentially hazardous materials would vary, they would generally
include household cleaning products, paints, fertilizers, and herbicides and pesticides. Many of these
materials are considered household hazardous wastes, common wastes, and/or universal wastes by the
EPA, which considers these types of wastes to be common to businesses and households and to pose a
lower risk to people and the environment than other hazardous wastes when properly handled, transported,
used, and disposed of (EPA 2022b). Federal, state, and local regulations typically allow these types of
wastes to be handled and disposed of with less stringent standards than other hazardous wastes, and
many of these wastes do not have to be managed as hazardous waste. Additionally, any potentially
hazardous material handled on the project site would be limited in both quantity and concentrations,
consistent with other similar industrial uses located in the City, and any handling, transport, use, and
disposal would comply with applicable federal, state, and local agencies and regulations. Further, as
mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA n.d.), all hazardous materials stored
on the project site would be accompanied by a Material Safety Data Sheet, which would inform employees
and first responders as to the necessary remediation procedures in the case of accidental release.
Therefore, long-term operational impacts associated with creation of a hazard to the public or the
environment due to hazardous materials would be less than significant and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures
are required.
b) Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable
upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
Short-Term Construction Activities
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the existing structures within the SWIP SP area likely contain LBP, ACMs,
and/or other contaminants, and therefore demolition of the buildings would potentially create a significant
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hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions
involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment—a potentially significant impact. The
SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with MM-4.5-2c requiring an ACM/LBP survey and any necessary
abatement be conducted prior to issuance of grading and/or building permits, as well as compliance with
SCAQMD Rule 1403, would reduce potential impacts associated with demolition to the existing buildings
to a less-than-significant level.
The SWIP SP PEIR also determined that grading and excavation for future development within the SWIP SP
area could expose construction workers and the public to unidentified hazardous substances present in
the soil or groundwater associated with the I-10 freeway, Union Pacific Railroad alignment, and unidentified
underground storage tanks. The SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation measures to ensure that future
development projects evaluate potential, site-specific hazardous conditions and implement remediation
programs, as needed, to ensure that development activities within the SWIP SP area would not increase
the potential for accident conditions that could result in the release of hazardous materials into the
environment (i.e., MM-4.5-2a and MM-4.5-2b, MM-4.5-2d through MM-4.5-2f). The SWIP SP PEIR
concluded that compliance with the required mitigation measures and applicable regulatory requirements
would reduce potential construction-related impacts to a level below significance.
Long-Term Operational Activities
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the operation of future development associated with the SWIP SP could
create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and
accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment. The SWIP SP PEIR
disclosed that typical incidents associated with operations of typical commercial and industrial
development projects that could result in accidental release of hazardous materials include leaking storage
tanks, spills during transport, inappropriate storage, inappropriate use, and/or natural disasters. The SWIP
SP PEIR concluded that compliance with mandatory regulations and MM-4.5-1a through MM-4.5-1d—which
prohibit the siting of facilities that handle hazardous materials near sensitive receptors (e.g., schools,
childcare facilities, and senior centers) and the transportation of hazardous materials near sensitive
receptors, and requires businesses that handle hazardous materials to submit hazardous materials
inventories to the San Bernardino County Fire Department—would ensure that operational impacts are less
than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. See Section 3.9(a).
c) Would the project emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials,
substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that there are four schools located either inside or within 0.25 miles of the
SWIP SP boundaries and that hazardous emissions or the handling of hazardous materials or substances
would occur within 0.25 miles of an existing or proposed school. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that
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compliance with standard regulatory requirements and mitigation measures from the SWIP SP PEIR would
ensure that impacts associated with construction and operation of the SWIP SP are less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Henry J. Kaiser High
School is located 0.15 miles south of the project site. MM-4.5-1a from the SWIP SP PEIR mandates that
the City require new facilities involved in the production, use, storage, transport or disposal of hazardous
materials be located a safe distance from land uses that may be adversely impacted by such activities,
including schools. As previously discussed, the project would not create a significant hazard to the public
or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials or create a
significant hazard to the public or the environment involving the release of hazardous materials into the
environment. As such, the project would not emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous materials,
substances, or waste in proximity to a school.
Therefore, impacts associated with emitting or handling hazardous materials within 0.25 miles of a school
would less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level
identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
d) Would the project be located on a site that is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled
pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the
public or the environment?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that there are various hazardous material sites listed on federal, state, and
local records databases located within the SWIP SP area. As previously discussed under the analysis in
Section 3.7(a) and Section 3.7(b), above, the SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation that requires future
development projects within the SWIP SP area to conduct site-specific investigations (i.e., Phase I ESAs)
and perform remedial activities, as necessary, prior to construction to correct any identified environmental
conditions (SWIP SP PEIR MM-4.5-2a and MM-4.5-2b, respectively). The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with
the required mitigation, impacts would be reduced to a level below significance.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The Hazardous Waste and
Substances Sites (Cortese List) is a planning document providing information about the location of hazardous
materials release sites. California Government Code Section 65962.5 requires the California Environmental
Protection Agency to develop, at least annually, an updated Cortese List. The Department of Toxic Substances
Control is responsible for a portion of the information contained in the Cortese List. Other state and local
government agencies are required to provide additional hazardous materials release information for the Cortese
List. A review of Cortese List online data resources did not identify the project site as being included on a list of
hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5.
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Therefore, impacts associated with hazardous materials sites would not occur and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within
two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive
noise for people residing or working in the project area?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the Ontario Airport is located approximately 3 miles west of the SWIP
SP area and that the southwestern portion of the SWIP SP area is located within the Ontario Airport’s
“Airport Influence Area.” The SWIP SP PEIR determined that development within the SWIP SP area
would consist of industrial, commercial, and office development and would not result in a safety hazard
for people working in the SWIP SP area. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that a less-than-
significant impact would occur.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The nearest operational
public-use airport to the project site is Ontario International Airport, which is located approximately 5
miles west of the project area. As presented in the LA/Ontario International Airport Land Use
Compatibility Plan, the project is located within the airport’s influence area. Airport influence areas
include the areas in which current or future airport-related safety, noise, airspace protection, or
overflight factors may significantly affect land uses or necessitate restrictions on those uses. Due to
the distance between the project site and the airport, the allowable building height for the project site
is greater than 200 feet.
Therefore, impacts associated with public airport and private airstrip hazards would be less than significant
and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No
new mitigation measures are required.
f) Would the project impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response
plan or emergency evacuation plan?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that construction activities associated with future development could
temporarily impact traffic on streets that would serve as evacuation routes due to roadway improvements
and extension of construction activities into the rights-of-way. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.5-6a and
MM-4.5-6b, which require the implementation of a traffic control plan during construction of future
development projects within the SWIP SP area and, also, require coordination between the City of Fontana
Engineering Department and City of Fontana Police Department to ensure adequate access for emergency
vehicles during the construction of future development projects within the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR
concluded that with implementation of the recommended mitigation, future construction activities related
to the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts with regard to emergency access. Additionally,
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the SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that all future development would be required to provide sufficient emergency
access, as required by the City’s Zoning Code. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance
with regulatory requirements would ensure the operational impacts of the SWIP SP would be less than
significant with regard to emergency access.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. Roadway facilities that are designated in the General Plan Community Mobility and Circulation
Chapter (City of Fontana 2018b) as major, primary, or secondary highways, as well as other streets with
regional access, are assumed to serve as evacuation routes in the event of a regional emergency. Local
access to the project site would be provided by Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Ana Avenue. While it is
feasible that one travel lane on Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue may be temporarily closed due to
street improvements required during construction, the remaining lane(s) would remain open, and regional
access would be preserved throughout construction of the project. This construction-period lane closure
would be short term, and the lane would reopen upon completion of construction activities. Additionally,
consistent with MM-4.5-6a, prior to the issuance of grading permits, the project applicant will be required
to prepare a traffic control plan for implementation during the construction phase. Among other items, the
traffic control plan may include provisions such as providing a temporary traffic signal, signal carriers (i.e.,
flagpersons), or other appropriate traffic controls should only a single lane be available during construction.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with emergency response or evacuation
plans would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the
level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
g) Would the project expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury
or death involving wildland fires?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in
the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards
would occur.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located in a highly
developed part of the City outside of an urban-wildland interface. The project site is not located within or
near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008),
and the nearest natural open space area is found more than 1 mile south of the site.
Therefore, no impacts associated with wildland fires would occur and no new or more severe impacts would
occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
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Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to hazards and hazardous
materials be implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum:
MM-4.5-1a The City shall require that new proposed facilities involved in the production, use, storage,
transport or disposal of hazardous materials be located a safe distance from land uses
that may be adversely impacted by such activities. Conversely, new sensitive facilities, such
as schools, child-care centers, and senior centers, shall not to be located near existing
sites that use, store, or generate hazardous materials.
MM-4.5-2a A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment shall be prepared in accordance with American
Society of Testing and Materials Standards and Standards and Practices for All Appropriate
Inquiries prior to issuance of a Grading Permit for future development within the project
site. The Phase I Environmental Site Assessment shall investigate the potential for site
contamination, and will identify Specific Recognized Environmental Conditions (i.e.,
asbestos containing materials, lead-based paints, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc.) that may
require remedial activities prior to land acquisition or construction.
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to
hazards and hazardous materials to be implemented following project approval:
MM-4.5-2b Prior to potential remedial excavation and grading activities within the site (if remediation is
required), impacted areas shall be cleared of all maintenance equipment and materials (e.g.,
solvents, grease, waste oil), construction materials, miscellaneous stockpiled debris (e.g.,
scrap metal, pallets, storage bins, construction parts), above ground storage tanks, surface
trash, piping, excess vegetation and other deleterious materials. These materials shall be
removed off-site and properly disposed of at an approved disposal facility. Once removed, a
visual inspection of the areas beneath the removed materials shall be performed.
Any stained soils observed underneath the removed materials shall be sampled. In the
event concentrations of materials are detected above regulatory cleanup levels during
demolition or construction activities, the project applicant shall comply with the following
measures in accordance with Federal, State, and local requirements:
▪ Excavation and disposal at a permitted, off-site facility;
▪ On-site remediation, if necessary; or
▪ Other measures as deemed appropriate by the County.
MM-4.5-2c Prior to the issuance of a grading or building permit, a Certified Environmental Professional
shall confirm the presence or absence of ACMs and LBPs prior to structural
demolition/renovation activities. Should ACMs or LBPs be present, demolition materials
containing ACMs and/or LBPs shall be removed and disposed of at an appropriate
permitted facility.
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MM-4.5-6a Prior to the issuance of grading permits, future developers shall prepare a Traffic Control
Plan for implementation during the construction phase. The Plan may include the following
provisions, among others:
▪ At least one unobstructed lane shall be maintained in both directions on
surrounding roadways.
▪ At any time only a single lane is available, the developer shall provide a temporary
traffic signal, signal carriers (i.e., flagpersons), or other appropriate traffic controls to
allow travel in both directions.
▪ If construction activities require the complete closure of a roadway segment, the
developer shall provide appropriate signage indicating detours/alternative routes.
3.10 Hydrology and Water Quality
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
X. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY – Would the project:
a) Violate any water quality standards or waste
discharge requirements or otherwise
substantially degrade surface or ground
water quality?
b) Substantially decrease groundwater
supplies or interfere substantially with
groundwater recharge such that the project
may impede sustainable groundwater
management of the basin?
c) Substantially alter the existing drainage
pattern of the site or area, including through
the alteration of the course of a stream or
river or through the addition of impervious
surfaces, in a manner which would:
i) result in substantial erosion or siltation
on- or off-site;
ii) substantially increase the rate or
amount of surface runoff in a manner
which would result in flooding on-
or offsite;
iii) create or contribute runoff water which
would exceed the capacity of existing or
planned stormwater drainage systems
or provide substantial additional
sources of polluted runoff; or
iv) impede or redirect flood flows?
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New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones,
risk release of pollutants due to project
inundation?
e) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of
a water quality control plan or sustainable
groundwater management plan?
a) Would the project violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise
substantially degrade surface or ground water quality?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that development of the SWIP SP could adversely affect water quality through
the discharge of various waterborne pollutants. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future development
projects within the SWIP SP would be required to comply with NPDES regulations and implement BMPs to
reduce water pollution from urban runoff. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with adherence to existing
state water quality requirements, impacts to water quality would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Short-Term Construction Impacts
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Project construction
would include earthwork activities that could potentially result in erosion, which could subsequently
degrade downstream water quality and/or violate water quality standards. The State Water Resources
Control Board requires dischargers whose projects disturb 1 acre of soil or more to obtain coverage under
the Construction General Permit (Water Quality Order 2009-0009-DWQ). Construction activity subject to
this permit includes clearing, grading, and ground disturbances such as trenching, stockpiling, or
excavation. Since the project would include clearing and grading of an area more than 1 acre in size, a
Construction General Permit would be required prior to the start of construction.
The Construction General Permit requires development and implementation of an SWPPP. The SWPPP
identifies which structural and nonstructural BMPs will be implemented on site such as sandbag barriers,
gravel driveways, dust controls, and construction worker training. The implementation of a Construction
General Permit, including preparation of an SWPPP and incorporation of BMPs, would reduce both
stormwater runoff and soil erosion impacts to acceptable levels, which would subsequently minimize the
opportunity for impacts to downstream receiving waters.
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Therefore, short-term construction impacts associated with water quality standards or waste discharge
requirements would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared
with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
Long-Term Operational Impacts
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Once the project is
operational, the primary source of pollutants would be from passenger vehicles and trucks located on
surface parking areas and loading docks. Potential pollutants of concern with a parking lot and warehouse
loading area include trash and debris, oil and grease, organic compounds, and heavy metals.
Stormwater quality within the Santa Ana Region (of which the Project site is a part) is managed by the Santa
Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board, which administers the NPDES Permit and Waste Discharge
Requirements for the San Bernardino County Flood Control District, the County of San Bernardino, and the
Incorporated Cities of San Bernardino County within the Santa Ana Region (Municipal Separate Storm
Sewer System [MS4] Permit). The MS4 Permit covers 17 cities and most of the unincorporated areas of
San Bernardino County within the jurisdiction of the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board. Under the
MS4 Permit, the San Bernardino County Flood Control District is designated as the Principal Permittee. The Co-
Permittees are the 17 San Bernardino County cities, including the City of Fontana, and San Bernardino County.
The MS4 Permit requires Co-Permittees, including the City of Fontana, to implement a development planning
program to address stormwater pollution. These programs require project applicants for certain types of projects
to implement a Water Quality Management Plan throughout the operational life of each projects. The purpose
of a Water Quality Management Plan is to reduce the discharge of pollutants in stormwater and to eliminate
increases in pre-existing runoff rates and volumes by outlining BMPs, which must be incorporated into the design
plans of new development and redevelopment (SARWQCB 2010). As required by the MS4 Permit, the Project
will be required to manage and treat stormwater flows to maximum extent practicable to control pollutants,
pollutant loads, and runoff volume emanating from the Project site by: (1) minimizing the impervious surface
area and implementing source control measures, (2) controlling runoff from impervious surfaces using structural
BMPs (e.g., infiltration, bioretention, and/or rainfall harvest and re-use), and (3) ensuring all structural BMPs are
monitored and maintained for the life of the Project.
Surface water runoff during project operations would be managed through a mixture of strategies,
including development of an engineered stormwater system, which, along with pervious areas on the
project site such as landscape areas and proposed infiltration chamber located on the project site, would
allow water to drain into subsurface soils and maximize the natural infiltration capacity. This approach
would remove pollutants from on-site runoff prior to discharge into the storm drain system to the maximum
extent practicable, as required by MS4 and as will be demonstrated in the project-specific Water Quality
Management Plan. Therefore, the project would not violate any water quality standards or waste discharge
requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality and water quality impacts
would be less than significant.
Therefore, long-term operational impacts associated with water quality standards or waste discharge
requirements would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared
with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
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b) Would the project substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater
recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the majority of the SWIP SP area is developed and urbanized and, therefore,
implementation of the SWIP SP would not introduce substantial new impervious surfaces to the SWIP SP area.
The SWIP SP PEIR also disclosed that no groundwater extraction would occur as part of the SWIP SP. Accordingly,
the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts
related to depletion of groundwater supplies or interference with groundwater recharge.
Analysis of Project:
Groundwater Supplies
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is
located within the service area of the San Gabriel Valley Water Company, Fontana Water Company Division
(FWC). According to FWC’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (FWC 2021), FWC currently obtains water
from four different sources: local groundwater basins (Chino Basin, Rialto-Colton Basin, and Lytle Basin),
local surface water (Lytle Creek), imported surface water, and recycled water. FWC pumps groundwater
from 12 active wells located within the Chino Basin, from 4 active wells located within the Rialto-Colton
Basin, from 3 active wells within the No Man’s Land Basin (unnamed basin located between the Chino and
Rialto Basins), and from 10 active wells located within Lytle Basin Creek.
Groundwater levels within these basins are both individually and collectively monitored by their respective
watermasters to prevent future overdraft of the groundwater basins. Legal, regulatory, and other
mechanisms are currently in place to ensure that the amount of groundwater pumped in the broader project
region does not exceed safe yields/operating safe yields. Thus, although the project would rely on water
supplies that would be composed, at least in part, of groundwater, all extraction of groundwater for use by
FWC is actively managed to prevent overdraft, ensure the long-term reliability of the groundwater basins,
and avoid adverse effects to groundwater supplies.
Therefore, impacts associated with groundwater supplies would be less than significant and no new or
more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
Groundwater Recharge
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Under the proposed
conditions, on-site stormwater would drain into an engineered stormwater system, which, along with pervious
areas on the project site such as landscape areas and proposed infiltration basins located throughout the site,
would allow water to drain into subsurface soils and maximize the natural infiltration capacity.
Therefore, impacts associated with groundwater recharge would be less than significant and no new or
more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
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c) Would the project substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the
alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner
which would:
i) Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the SWIP SP area is located within an urbanized area that is
served by existing stormwater drainage facilities operated by the City of Fontana and the County of
San Bernardino. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the drainage infrastructure proposed by the
SWIP SP would adequately serve future development within the SWIP SP area and would minimize
impacts related to erosion or siltation, resulting in less-than-significant impacts regarding erosion
or siltation.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Given that no
stormwater drainage facilities currently serve the existing project site, development of the project
and installations of the new on-site engineered stormwater system would inevitably alter the
existing on-site drainage pattern. However, instead of allowing uncontrolled stormwater flows to be
conveyed off site, the proposed engineered storm drain system will be constructed on the project
site to collect and treat on-site stormwater runoff, which, along with pervious areas on the project
site such as landscape areas and proposed infiltration chambers located on the project site, would
allow water to drain into subsurface soils and maximize the natural infiltration capacity. As such,
although the project would alter the existing drainage pattern on the project site, this change would
not result in adverse effects related to erosion, siltation, flooding, and polluted runoff.
Therefore, impacts associated with existing drainage patterns would be less than significant and
no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR.
No new mitigation measures are required.
ii) Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in
flooding on- or offsite?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would not result in a substantial
increase in surface runoff and would result in less-than-significant impacts related to flooding.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See
Section 3.10(c)(iv).
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iii) Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned
stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that implementation of the SWIP SP would require the installation of
drainage infrastructure improvements, but that existing and planned stormwater drainage systems
would have adequate capacity to convey surface runoff flows from the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP
PEIR also concluded that the SWIP SP would not generate substantial, additional sources of
polluted runoff.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See
Section 3.10(c)(iv).
iv) Impede or redirect flood flows?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that although portions of the SWIP SP area would be located within
the 100-year base flood plain, the SWIP SP area is already developed with urbanized uses, and
future development of structures within the SWIP SP area would not occur within an existing
floodway or otherwise impede or redirect flood flows. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that
the SWIP SP would result in a less-than-significant impact.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Map No. 06071C8665H (FEMA 2008), the project site is
located outside of both a 1% Annual Chance Flood Hazard Zone (100-year floodplain) and 0.2% Annual
Chance Flood Hazard Zone (500-year floodplain). Implementation of the project would not substantially
impede or redirect flood flows. Therefore, no impacts associated with flooding would occur.
d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, would the project risk release of pollutants due to project inundation?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP area is not located near a major dam or within a dam
inundation area. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any significant effects within the SWIP SP
area related to inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Map No. 06071C8665H (FEMA 2008), the project site is located
outside of both a 1% Annual Chance Flood Hazard Zone (100-year floodplain) and 0.2% Annual Chance Flood
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Hazard Zone (500-year floodplain). Additionally, per the County of San Bernardino General Plan Hazard
Overlays map, the project site is located outside of a dam inundation area. Further, because of the project’s
inland location, relatively flat topography, and lack of an adjacent perennial body of water, the project site
would not be susceptible to tsunami, mudflow, or seiche.
Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with flooding, tsunami, mudflow, seiche, or
inundation, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP
SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
e) Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable
groundwater management plan?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future development within the SWIP SP area would be required to adhere
to state water quality requirements and would not result in substantial adverse water quality effects.
Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address the potential for the SWIP SP PEIR to conflict with
or obstruct implementation of a sustainable groundwater management plan, the SWIP SP PEIR did address
the potential for the SWIP SP to deplete groundwater supplies or interfere with groundwater recharge (and
concluded that such impacts would be less than significant).
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.10(a)
and Section 3.10(b).
3.11 Land Use and Planning
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XI. LAND USE AND PLANNING – Would the project:
a) Physically divide an established community?
b) Cause a significant environmental
impact due to a conflict with any land use
plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the
purpose of avoiding or mitigating an
environmental effect?
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a) Would the project physically divide an established community?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined the SWIP SP would not divide an established community, as it would
implement a range of industrial, commercial, public, and residential land uses similar to the land uses that
already existed within the SWIP SP boundaries. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that existing
development within the SWIP SP area was already divided by the existing local roadway network, and the
SWIP SP would not create additional physical barriers between these land uses. Therefore, the SWIP SP
PEIR concluded impacts in this regard would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The physical division of an established
community is typically associated with the construction of a linear feature, such as a major highway or
railroad tracks, or removal of a means of access, such as a local road or bridge, which would impair mobility
within an existing community or between a community and an outlying area. Currently, the project site is
located within a largely industrial area of the City and, thus, is not used as a connection between two
established, defined residential communities.
Instead, connectivity in the surrounding project area is facilitated via local roadways and pedestrian
facilities. Despite the nearby scattered residential uses, the project would not impede movement between
these residences within the project area, within an established community, or from one established
community to another. Further, the project would include improvements such as a new sidewalk that would
improve pedestrian connectivity and safety along the project frontage.
Therefore, impacts associated with the physical division of an established community would not occur and
no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
b) Would the project cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy,
or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP would not directly conflict with the policy or regulations
adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect, including the City’s General Plan
and Zoning and Development Code. Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the SWIP SP would result
in a less-than-significant impact.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The City’s General Plan Land Use Map
designates the project site as Light Industrial (I-L) (City of Fontana 2022a). The City’s Zoning Map shows
the site as being zoned as the SWIP SP (within the SWIP SP area, the project site is located in the Slover
West Industrial District [SWD] (City of Fontana n.d.) According to the SWIP SP, the SWD is intended to
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promote the continued use and expansion of existing industrial, distribution and logistics-based, and
warehouse developments, along with well-placed commercial uses (City of Fontana 2011).
Table 11-2 of the SWIP SP lists permitted, conditionally permitted, and non-permitted uses within the SWD;
“Warehouse Facilities” uses are listed as permitted uses in the SWD. Thus, based on a review of both the
SWIP SP and the project, the proposed industrial/warehouse building is a permitted use within the SWD.
As such, it follows that the project’s land use, proposed activities, and development intensity were already
assumed and evaluated in the SWIP SP and PEIR, respectively, and the project would then be consistent
with local plans, policies, and regulations that were previously adopted to guide land use decisions and to
avoid or mitigate environmental effects.
Therefore, impacts associated with applicable land use plans, policies, and regulations would not occur
and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No
new mitigation measures are required.
3.12 Mineral Resources
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XII. MINERAL RESOURCES – Would the project:
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known
mineral resource that would be of value to
the region and the residents of the state?
b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally-
important mineral resource recovery site
delineated on a local general plan, specific
plan or other land use plan?
a) Would the project result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the
region and the residents of the state?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that according to the City’s General Plan, no known deposits of precious
gemstones, ores, or unique or rare minerals have been identified within the vicinity of the SWIP SP area.
Thus, no impact would occur in this regard.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. According to the California Department of
Conservation, Geologic Energy Management Division, there are no gas, geothermal, or other known wells
located on or in the vicinity of the project site; the nearest wells to the project site are located over 1 mile
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north near the Fontana Speedway and over 5 miles east and west within the City of Colton and City of
Ontario, respectively (CDOC 2019). Additionally, maps prepared by the California Department of
Conservation show that the project site is located within an MRZ-3 area, which is an area containing inferred
mineral occurrences of undetermined mineral resource significance (CDOC 2015). Nonetheless, the project
site is located in an urbanized, industrial portion of the City and is bound by existing and future development
in all directions. Mineral resource mining is not a compatible use with existing surrounding land uses.
Additionally, the project site is not large enough to allow for the effective extraction of mineral resources.
Considering the existing surrounding land uses and the incompatibility of mineral resource extraction
activities in the project area, potential significant mineral resources within the project area are considered
unavailable for extraction.
Therefore, the project would not result in impacts associated with mineral resources, and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures
are required.
b) Would the project result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site
delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any significant environmental effects within the SWIP SP area related to
the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general
plan, SP, or other land use plan. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact would occur.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.12(a).
3.13 Noise
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XIII. NOISE – Would the project result in:
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or
permanent increase in ambient noise levels
in the vicinity of the project in excess of
standards established in the local general
plan or noise ordinance, or applicable
standards of other agencies?
b) Generation of excessive groundborne
vibration or groundborne noise levels?
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New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
c) For a project located within the vicinity of a
private airstrip or an airport land use plan
or, where such a plan has not been
adopted, within two miles of a public airport
or public use airport, would the project
expose people residing or working in the
project area to excessive noise levels?
a) Would the project result in generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise
levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise
ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that although the construction of future development and improvements in
the SWIP SP area would be required to adhere to the hours permitted by the City’s Municipal Code (i.e.,
between 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays), due
to the proximity of residential and institutional uses to the SWIP SP area, such construction could result in
temporary, localized increases in noise levels and vibration that may exceed established standards. As such,
the SWIP SP PEIR included mitigation to minimize potential adverse effects to sensitive receptors (SWIP SP
PEIR MM-4.7-1a and MM-4.7-1b). The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that compliance with the City’s permitted
hours of construction and implementation of MM-4.7-1a and MM-4.7-1b would ensure construction-related
noise levels do not exceed regulatory standards, and impacts would be less than significant.
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development in the SWIP SP area could, potentially, result in a
permanent exposure of sensitive receptors to ambient noise from stationary sources that exceeds established
standards. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.7-2a, which requires industrial facilities in proximity of existing
sensitive receptor land uses to implement design measures such as noise walls and berms to minimize
operational noise levels. Additionally, the SWIP SP includes design guidelines and development standards
that are aimed at reducing noise impacts, including building orientation, wall placement, lot dimensions,
maximum intensity, outdoor storage, setbacks, buffers, edge conditions, and landscaping that would serve to
minimize noise impacts on sensitive land uses in the vicinity. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with
implementation of the SWIP SP design guidelines and development standards and implementation of
mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant stationary source noise impacts.
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development in the SWIP SP area could result in a permanent
increase in ambient noise levels from mobile sources (e.g., vehicular traffic and rail) in excess of established
standards. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future mobile noise source impacts from buildout of the SWIP
SP would be significant and unavoidable.
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Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. The City’s General Plan Noise and Safety Chapter includes goals, policies, and actions that pertain
to protecting new development from noise impacts through compatible use with surrounding areas, road
maintenance standards, and setbacks (City of Fontana 2018c). The chapter establishes that standards for
exterior and interior noise levels shall be consistent with the City Code of Ordinances (Chapter 18), which
provides guidelines to evaluate the acceptability of noise impacts. Noise measurements were conducted
at noise-sensitive land uses adjacent to the project site on February 22, 2022. Table 3.13-1 provides the
location, date, and time the noise measurements were taken, as well as the minimum, maximum, and
energy-averaged noise levels (Leq). In addition, one long-term noise measurement was also taken
November 19–20, 2019, for another project in the vicinity (approximately 300 feet to the northeast). Table
3.13-2 provides the summary of the long-term noise measurement. These locations are also depicted as
ST1 through S4 (short-term) and LT1 (long-term) on Figure 12, Noise Measurement Locations. As shown in
Table 3.13-1, ambient daytime noise levels ranged from approximately 64 to 66 A-weighted decibels (dBA)
Leq in the project vicinity.
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Table 3.13-1. Measured Short-Term Data Summary
Site Description Date/Time
Sound Level Data (dBA)
Leq1 Lmin2 Lmax3
ST1 14272 Santa Ana Avenue
(Residential/Commercial)
2/22/2020
12:07 p.m.–12:22 p.m.
64 49.4 77.8
ST2 10909 Almond Avenue
(Residential/Commercial)
2/22/2022
12:29 p.m.–12:44 p.m.
64.8 48.7 76.3
ST3 11010 Almond Avenue
(Residential/Commercial)
2/22/2022
12:56 p.m.–1:11 p.m.
64.6 49.4 80.2
ST4 14330 Santa Ana Avenue
(Residential)
2/22/2022
12:29 p.m.–12:44 p.m.
66.3 49.5 84
Source: Appendix F.
Notes: Leq = equivalent noise level; Lmin = minimum sound level; Lmax = maximum sound level; dB = decibel.
Temperature 56°F–57°F, partly cloudy, calm winds.
1 Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (Time-Average Sound Level)
2 Minimum Sound Level
3 Maximum Sound Level
As shown in Table 3.13-2, the lowest measured hourly average noise level over a 24-hour period was
approximately 62 dBA Leq, and occurred from 11:00 p.m. to 12:00 p.m. The highest measured hourly
average noise level was approximately 73 dBA Leq. This hourly noise level occurred from 2:00 p.m. to 3:00
p.m., 3:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m., and from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. The 24-hour weighted average noise level at
LT1 was 74 dBA Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL).
Table 3.13-2. Measured Long-Term (LT1) Data Summary
(11/19/2019 to 11/20/2019)
Time Interval Leq Lmax Lmin
11:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m. 70.8 86.1 44.7
12:00 p.m.–1:00 p.m. 69.7 87.9 46.7
1:00 p.m.–2:00 p.m. 69 86.2 49.7
2:00 p.m.–3:00 p.m. 72.7 93.1 52.5
3:00 p.m.–4:00 p.m. 72.5 92.2 50.9
4:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. 72.1 87.2 48.7
5:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m. 71.4 87.4 64.2
6:00 p.m.–7:00 p.m. 69 86.7 49.2
7:00 p.m.–8:00 p.m. 65.6 81.3 49.1
8:00 p.m.–9:00 p.m. 70 87.8 44.1
9:00 p.m.–10:00 p.m. 66.9 84.6 48.5
10:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. 65 82.2 46.8
11:00 p.m.–12:00 a.m. 62.1 79.9 46.4
1:00 a.m.–2:00 a.m. 63.1 84 43.8
2:00 a.m.–3:00 a.m. 57.9 81.2 39.2
3:00 a.m.–4:00 a.m. 66.4 88 39.2
4:00 a.m.–5:00 a.m. 65.9 84.6 44.5
5:00 a.m.–6:00 a.m. 65.9 86.4 46.9
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Table 3.13-2. Measured Long-Term (LT1) Data Summary
(11/19/2019 to 11/20/2019)
Time Interval Leq Lmax Lmin
6:00 a.m.–7:00 a.m. 69.9 88.6 45.1
7:00 a.m.–8:00 a.m. 71.5 95.4 51.6
8:00 a.m.–9:00 a.m. 72.5 86.6 55.1
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m. 70.3 87.2 52.8
10:00 a.m.–11:00 a.m. 71.1 86.1 51.1
Lowest Hourly Average Noise Level (62 dBA Leq)
Highest Hourly Average Noise Level (73 dBA Leq)
24-Hour Average Noise Level (70 dBA Leq 24-Hr)
24-Hour Weighted-Average Noise Level (74 dBA CNEL)
Source: Appendix F.
Notes: Leq = equivalent noise level; Lmax = maximum sound level; Lmin = minimum sound level; dBA = A-weighted decibel;
CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level.
Short-Term Construction Noise
Noise generated by project construction equipment would include a combination of trucks, power tools,
concrete mixers, and portable generators that, when combined, can reach high levels. The number and mix
of construction equipment would likely vary during the following stages: demolition, site preparation,
grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating.
With the noise sources identified above, and in compliance with MM-4.7-2a from the SWIP SP PEIR, a noise
analysis was performed using a spreadsheet-based version of the model developed by the Federal Highway
Administration called the Roadway Construction Noise Model (FHWA 2008). Input variables for the
Roadway Construction Noise Model consist of the receiver/land use types, the equipment type (i.e.,
backhoe, crane, truck, etc.), the number of equipment pieces, the duty cycle for each piece of equipment
(i.e., percentage of each time period the equipment typically is in operation), and the distance between the
construction noise source and the sensitive receiver.
Table 3.13-3 provides a summary of the construction noise levels by each construction phase at the nearest
noise-sensitive receptor locations. The construction noise modeling details are provided in Appendix F.
Based on the phases of construction, noise impacts associated with the project are expected to create
temporarily audible noise levels at the nearby receptor locations. Noise-sensitive land uses in the vicinity
of the project include residences to the north (approximately 85 feet from the project site/nearest
construction boundary), residences to the south (approximately 90 feet from the project site/nearest
construction boundary) and residences to the east (approximately 50 feet from the construction boundary).
To assess peak construction noise levels, this construction noise assessment is focused on noise levels
that would occur at the nearest noise-sensitive receivers; construction noise levels at other receivers further
away from the site would be less. For example, residences also exist to the west, but these are substantially
further from the nearest residences to the north, south and east, and existing warehouse buildings break
the direct line-of-sight between the project site and residences to the west. Thus, construction-related noise
levels would be lower than the noise levels at the nearest noise-sensitive receivers shown in Table 3.13-3.
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Table 3.13-3. Construction Noise Model Results Summary
Construction
Phase
Construction Noise at Nearest Receiver Distances (Leq [dBA])
Residences to the North Residences to the South Residences to the East
Nearest
Source/
Receiver
Distance
(Approximately
85 feet)
Typical
Source/
Receiver
Distance
(Approximately
350 feet)
Nearest
Source/
Receiver
Distance
(Approximately
90 feet)
Typical
Source/
Receiver
Distance
(Approximately
400 feet)
Nearest
Source/
Receiver
Distance
(Approximately
50 feet)
Typical
Source/
Receiver
Distance
(Approximately
250 feet)
Demolition 88 79 88 78 92 82
Site
Preparation
87 77 87 76 91 80
Grading 88 78 88 77 92 81
Building
Construction
84 75 84 74 87 78
Paving 85 75 84 74 88 78
Architectural
Coating
78 66 78 65 83 69
Source: Appendix F.
Notes: Leq = equivalent noise level; dBA = A-weighted decibel.
The City has set operational restrictions to control noise impacts associated with construction. According
to Section 18-63(b)(7), Construction or Repairing of Buildings or Structures, of the City’s Zoning and
Development Code (City of Fontana 2022b), “The erection (including excavating) demolition, alteration or
repair of any building or structure other than between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays
and between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays except in the case of urgent necessity.”
Although the City limits the hours of construction activity, it does not specifically address construction noise
limits. To address noise from construction activities on the project site, the exterior noise level standard of
65 dBA for stationary noise sources (Section 30-182) was used to evaluate noise impacts from construction
of the project.
Based on the Roadway Construction Noise Model analysis, average noise levels from construction activities
are calculated to create noise levels at sensitive residential receivers that would exceed the construction
noise level limit of 65 dBA Leq at nearby sensitive receiver locations within the City, both during the relatively
brief period in which construction would be focused near the project’s boundaries and during the more
typical periods of construction in which activities would be located around the project site both near and
far relative to the nearest receivers.
As mentioned previously, the project would be located within the SWIP and, as such, would be required to
comply with the mitigation measures contained in the SWIP SP PEIR (see end of this noise discussion).
Implementation of mitigation measures, including MM-4.7-1a and MM-4.7-1b from the SWIP SP PEIR,
would minimize noise levels from construction activities at residences in the immediate vicinity of the
project site. Given that construction is a temporary, short-term impact, and that the noise ordinance does
not contain a specific noise limit for construction activities, this mitigation would reduce construction noise
to less than significant.
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Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, short-term impacts associated with construction noise levels
would be less than significant and no new or more severe would occur compared with the level identified in
the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
Long-Term Operational Noise
Project-Generated On-Site Operation Noise
The project-related operational noise sources are expected to include idling trucks, delivery truck activities,
backup alarms, loading and unloading of dry goods, rooftop air conditioning units, and parking lot vehicle
movements. The following analysis evaluates noise from these on-site operation noise sources. The analysis is
based upon in-house spreadsheets, which incorporate standard industry calculations for the sum of noise from
multiple sources, outdoor attenuation with distance from the noise source(s), and attenuation from barrier
placement between source(s) and receiver(s).
Outdoor Mechanical Equipment
The proposed warehouse space overall would not be served by heating or air conditioning equipment.
However, the floor plan includes an office space at the northeast corner of the building. The proposed office
area on the Site Plan is indicated to have floor area of approximately 5,000 square feet. Based on similar
size offices in this region, it is anticipated that the office space would be equipped with two 4-ton package
HVAC units. For the analysis of noise from HVAC equipment operation, a York Model ZF-048 package HVAC
unit was used as a reference.
Noise level data provided by the manufacturer was used to determine the noise levels that would be
generated by each of the HVAC package units. The York Model ZF-048 package HVAC unit has a sound
power rating of 80 dBA (Johnson Controls 2015). Based on the warehouse roof design information
provided, there will be a 3.5-foot high parapet extending along the perimeter of the roof.
Assuming all the equipment is operating simultaneously for a minimum period of 1 hour, the worst-case
calculated noise level at each property line is presented in Table 3.13-4. The calculation was performed at
the worst-case location of each of the four subject property lines—that is, the closest distance between the
proposed office location, and the adjacent property line (near the easterly property boundaries at the north
and south sides, respectively, and near the northerly property boundaries at the west and east sides,
respectively), to ensure that the shortest distance from equipment to property line was examined. The
results of these calculations are also presented in Table 3.13-4. The maximum hourly noise level for all the
HVAC equipment operating at each examined point along the property would range from approximately 25
to 45 dBA Leq, which is substantially less than the City of Fontana’s Code of Ordinances (City of Fontana
2022c) noise standard of 65 dBA Leq and is also well below the measured ambient noise levels in the
Project area.
Assuming the office area were to be occupied from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., the resulting CNEL value was
calculated and is also reported in Table 3.13-4. Project-related noise levels from HVAC operation at each
of the property lines for the Project would remain well below the 65 dBA CNEL recommended for noise-
sensitive uses under the City’s Noise Element Policy criteria (City of Fontana 2018c). The noise level
calculation spreadsheets for the HVAC package units are included in Appendix F.
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Table 3.13-4. Mechanical Equipment Operation Noise Summary of Results
Equipment
Noise Level at Property Boundary
Property Line
Average Noise Level
(dBA Leq) CNEL1
HVAC North, near east corner 45 42
HVAC South, near east corner 25 22
HVAC East, near north corner 43 40
HVAC West, near north corner 43 40
Source: Appendix F.
Notes: dBA = A-weighted decibel; Leq = equivalent noise level; CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level; HVAC = heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning.
1 Assumes 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. operation of an air conditioning unit for office occupancy.
The results of the mechanical equipment operations noise analysis indicate that the project would comply
with the City Noise Ordinance, as well as Fontana Noise Element Policy Criteria. Mechanical equipment
operation would result in noise at the project site property boundaries that are in each case well below the
residential exposure limit of 65 dBA Leq (City Noise Ordinance) and 65 dBA CNEL (Fontana Noise Element).
Parking Lot Activity
A comprehensive study of noise levels associated with surface parking lots was published in the Journal of
Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management (Baltrënas et al. 2004). The study found that
average noise levels during the peak period of use of the parking lot (generally in the morning with arrival
of commuters, and in the evening with the departure of commuters), was 47 dBA at 1 meter (3.28 feet)
from the outside boundary of the parking lot. The parking area would function as an area source for
noise, which means that noise would attenuate at a rate of 3 dBA with each doubling of distance. Most
of the employee parking is proposed to be situated on the east side of the warehouse building, no closer
than 25 feet from the property line of the project site. Employee parking would also be located elsewhere
on-site, but the other parking areas would be further away from the project boundaries. At a distance of
25 feet, parking lot noise levels would be approximately 38 dBA Leq at the eastern property line. This
noise level is lower than the noise levels from the HVAC equipment operation at the eastern property
boundary (43 dBA Leq). Adding together the parking lot noise (38 dBA Leq) and loudest HVAC equipment
level (43 dBA Leq at the eastern property boundary), the combined noise level would be 44 dBA Leq, which
is still well below the City’s residential exposure limit of 65 dBA Leq.
Even if the parking lot noise levels were to average 38 dBA Leq each hour between 8:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m.,
and combining this with hourly noise of 43 dBA Leq for the HVAC noise, the noise level at the project site’s
noisiest boundary (the northern property line) would not be greater than approximately 41 dBA CNEL. This
combined level is well below the maximum recommended exterior noise exposure level for residences (65
dBA CNEL, Fontana Noise Element). It is also well below the ambient noise level of approximately 74 dBA
CNEL measured in the project area (at receiver LT1).
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Truck Loading Dock Activity
The parking lot study (Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management [Baltrënas et.al
2004]) also examined noise levels associated with cargo truck delivery activity. The study concluded that
average noise levels from truck loading/unloading areas was 96 dBA at 1 meter (3.28 feet) from the
boundary of the truck activity area. Truck loading docks are located not closer than 150 feet from the
northern and southern property lines, 185 feet from the western property line and 434 feet from the
eastern property line. Using the outdoor attenuation rate of 6 dBA with each doubling of distance, truck
loading activity along the northern and southern property boundaries from truck loading activity would
average 63 dBA Leq. Substantial acoustical shielding would be provided by the building structure’s “flanks”
or wings along the northern and southern property boundaries, because the loading dock would be located
on the interior “courtyard” of the 40-foot-high structure. The resultant loading dock noise along the nearest
(northern and southern) property boundaries would be approximately 38 dBA Leq. Similarly, the loading
dock noise would be substantially shielded to the east by the proposed warehouse building, and to the west
by the proposed 8.5 foot high concrete boundary wall.
The closest residence with a direct exposure to the truck loading docks is approximately 90 feet from
the northern property boundary, or 240 feet from the truck loading docks; at 240 feet, the noise level
from the truck loading dock operations would be approximately 58 dBA Leq at the residence to the
north. As discussed above, the structure of the proposed building would provide substantial noise
reduction, such that the resultant loading dock noise would be approximately 34 dBA Leq. At the next-
nearest residences, located to the east, the truck loading dock noise would be lower because of the
additional distance and/or because of additional noise reduction from intervening buildings, as
discussed above. Consequently, noise generated by truck loading operations would not exceed the
65 dBA Leq threshold set forth by the City Noise Ordinance.
If the loading dock average noise levels were to occur continually throughout a 24-hour
day/evening/nighttime cycle, the loading dock noise level would be approximately 41 dBA CNEL at the
worst-case residence to the north.
In summary, the project would have operational noise levels equal to or less than the City Noise
Element policy exterior noise criterion of 65 dBA CNEL at the property line of the project site and at
the closest residences. In comparison to the measured 24-hour ambient noise measurement (LT1) of
74 dBA CNEL as previously discussed, the operational noise would be well below the existing ambient
noise levels in the project area, and the project’s contribution to the noise environment would be
negligible. Operational noise levels from parking lot activity and HVAC operation (combined) would be
well below City noise thresholds.
Therefore, no new or more severe with on-site project-generated operational noise impacts would occur,
and the level of impact would not change from the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR; no new mitigation
measures are required.
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Project-Generated Off-Site Traffic Noise
Roadway Noise
The project would result in the addition of vehicle trips that would increase traffic noise. A potentially
significant project impact would occur where project traffic would increase noise levels from below 65
decibels (dB) CNEL to above 65 dB CNEL (where noise-sensitive land uses exist adjacent to the identified
roadway segment) and where project traffic would increase noise levels from below 70 dB CNEL to above
70 dB CNEL (for roadway segments within industrial zones). In addition, where existing roadway noise levels
are less than 60 dBA CNEL, a 5-dBA CNEL increase would be considered significant; where existing roadway
noise is in the range 60–65 dBA CNEL, an increase of 3 dBA CNEL would be significant; and where roadway
traffic noise is already in excess of 65 dBA CNEL, a 1.5-dBA CNEL increase would be significant.
Acoustical calculations (using the Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Noise Model [v. 2.5] [FHWA 2004])
were performed for the following scenarios: existing and existing plus project. The existing roadway traffic
volumes were obtained from the project’s Trip Generation Memorandum (Appendix F). The modeling
calculations take into account the posted vehicle speed, average daily traffic volume, anticipated trip
distribution and the estimated vehicle mix. Table 3.13-5 presents the noise level results for each scenario.
Table 3.13-5. Traffic Noise Levels for Local Roadways Under Existing and Existing
plus Project Scenarios (dBA CNEL)
Street Segment Existing Existing + Project Difference
Almond Avenue, near project site 66.2 66.3 0.1
Santa Ana Avenue, near project site 65.7 66.2 0.5
Source: Appendix F.
Notes: dBA = A-weighted decibel; CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level.
With respect to the traffic noise analysis results presented in Table 3.13-5, traffic noise along Almond
Avenue is anticipated to increase by 0.1 dB (i.e., well under 1 dB), and overall noise levels would continue
to have traffic noise exposure levels above 65 dBA CNEL. Santa Ana Avenue would also continue to have
traffic noise exposure levels above 65 dBA CNEL, with a project-related increase of 0.5 dB; however, project
traffic noise contributions along these roadway segments would be less than 1 dB, indicating that project
added traffic would have an imperceptible increase to roadway traffic noise levels. The project would
therefore not create or contribute to a significant traffic-related noise impact.
Therefore, long-term impacts associated with operational noise levels would be less than significant and
no new or more severe long-term impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP
PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
b) Would the project result in generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that construction activities associated with the SWIP SP could potentially
expose sensitive receptors to sporadic, high vibration levels. However, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that
with implementation of SWIP SP PEIR MM-4.7-1a and MM-4.7-1b (previously described under Section
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3.1[a]), the SWIP SP would generate less-than-significant groundborne vibration or groundborne noise
during construction activities.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The main concern
associated with groundborne vibration is annoyance; however, in extreme cases, vibration can cause
damage to buildings, particularly those that are old or otherwise fragile. Some common sources of
groundborne vibration are trains and construction activities such as blasting, pile-driving, and heavy earth-
moving equipment. The primary source of groundborne vibration occurring as part of the project is
construction activity.
According to Caltrans, D-8 and D-9 Caterpillars, earthmovers, and trucks have not exceeded 0.10
inches/second peak particle velocity at 10 feet. Since the closest off-site residence is located not closer
than 50 feet, vibration from construction activities at the closest sensitive receiver would not exceed the
significance threshold of 0.20 inches/second peak particle velocity. Vibration-sensitive instruments and
operations may require special consideration during construction. Vibration criteria for sensitive equipment
and operations are not defined and are often case specific. As a guide, major construction activity within
200 feet and pile driving within 600 feet may be potentially disruptive to vibration-sensitive operations
(Caltrans 2020). There are no known vibration-sensitive facilities within 200 feet of the project, and pile
driving would not be employed in project construction. Therefore, project construction would not result in a
significant impact associated with groundborne vibration.
Therefore, impacts associated with vibration levels would be less than significant and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a
plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project
expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that people residing or working within the SWIP SP area would not be
exposed to excessive aircraft noise levels from operations at the Ontario International Airport (located
approximately 11 miles to the west of the SWIP SP area). Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that a
less-than-significant impact would occur.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is
located approximately 5 miles east of Ontario International Airport, is within the Airport Influence Area of
Ontario International Airport and is within the 65–70 dBA CNEL aircraft noise contour zone (City of Ontario
2011). However, the project is a warehouse type use and would not introduce new noise-sensitive receivers
(such as residential) into the project area. During construction, workers would be in a high-noise area and
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would have personal protective equipment as necessary and, thus, would not be exposed to excessive
noise levels from the airport. Therefore, this is considered to be no impact and is not addressed further.
Therefore, impacts associated with public airport and private airstrip noise would be less than significant
and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No
new mitigation measures are required.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to noise to be to be
implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum:
MM-4.7-2a No new industrial facilities shall be constructed within 160 feet of any existing sensitive
land use property line without the preparation of a dedicated noise analysis. This analysis
shall document the nature of the industrial facility as well as “noise producing” operations
associated with that facility. Furthermore, the analysis shall document the placement of
any existing or proposed noise-sensitive land uses situated within the 160-foot distance.
The analysis shall determine the potential noise levels that could be received at these
sensitive land uses and specify very specific measures to be employed by the industrial
facility to ensure that these levels do not exceed those City noise requirements of 65 dBA
CNEL. Such measures could include, but are not limited to, the use of enclosures for noisy
pieces of equipment, the use of noise walls and/or berms for exterior equipment and/or
on-site truck operations, and/or restrictions on hours of operations. No development
permits or approval of land use applications shall be issued until the noted acoustic
analysis is received and approved by the City Staff.
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to noise
to be implemented following project approval:
MM-4.7-1a The following measures shall be implemented when construction is to be conducted within
500 feet of any sensitive structures or has the potential to disrupt classroom activities or
religious functions.
▪ The City shall restrict noise intensive construction activities to the days and hours
specified under Section 18-63 of the City of Fontana Municipal Code. These days and
hours shall also apply any servicing of equipment and to the delivery of materials to or
from the site.
▪ All construction equipment shall be equipped with mufflers and sound control devices
(e.g., intake silencers and noise shrouds) no less effective than those provided on the
original equipment and no equipment shall have an un-muffled exhaust.
▪ The City shall require that the contractor maintain and tune-up all construction
equipment to minimize noise emissions.
▪ Stationary equipment shall be placed so as to maintain the greatest possible distance
to the sensitive use structures.
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▪ All equipment servicing shall be performed so as to maintain the greatest possible
distance to the sensitive use structures.
▪ If construction noise does prove to be detrimental to the learning environment, the City
shall allow for a temporary waiver thereby allowing construction on Weekends and/or
holidays in those areas where this construction is to be performed in excess of 500
feet from any residential structures.
▪ The construction contractor shall provide an on-site name and telephone number of a
contact person. Construction hours, allowable workdays, and the phone number of the
job superintendent shall be clearly posted at all construction entrances to allow for
surrounding owners and residents to contact the job superintendent. If the City or the
job superintendent receives a complaint, the superintendent shall investigate, take
appropriate corrective action, and report the action taken to the reporting party. In the
event that construction noise is intrusive to an educational process, the construction
liaison will revise the construction schedule to preserve the learning environment.
MM-4.7-1b Should potential future development facilitated by the project require off-site import/export
of fill material during construction, trucks shall utilize a route that is least disruptive to
sensitive receptors, preferably major roadways (Interstate 10, Interstate 15, SR-66, Sierra
Avenue, Beech Avenue, Jurupa Avenue, and Slover Avenue). Construction trucks should, to
the extent practical, avoid the weekday and Saturday a.m. and p.m. peak hours (7:00 a.m.
to 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.).
3.14 Population and Housing
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XIV. POPULATION AND HOUSING – Would the project:
a) Induce substantial unplanned population
growth in an area, either directly (for
example, by proposing new homes and
businesses) or indirectly (for example,
through extension of roads or other
infrastructure)?
b) Displace substantial numbers of
existing people or housing, necessitating
the construction of replacement
housing elsewhere?
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a) Would the project induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example,
by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or
other infrastructure)?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the SWIP SP would be a growth-inducing project due to the following
factors: development of infrastructure improvements that would provide additional capacity necessary to
support development within the SWIP SP area; the creation of 39,416 new employment positions that
would foster economic expansion and growth within the City of Fontana; and direct growth in the City’s
population due to the potential for future employees (and their families) to relocate to the City of Fontana.
Accordingly, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded the SWIP SP would result in a significant and unavoidable impact
related to growth inducement.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would
require a temporary construction workforce and a permanent operational workforce, both of which could
potentially induce population growth in the project area. The temporary workforce would be needed to
construct the project. The number of construction workers needed during any given period would largely
depend on the specific stage of construction but will likely fluctuate between a few and several dozen
workers on a daily basis.
Because the future tenant is not yet known, the number of jobs that the project would generate cannot be
precisely determined. Thus, for purposes of analysis, employment estimates are calculated using average
employment density factors reported by SCAG in their publication Employment Density Study. SCAG reports
that for every 1,195 square feet of warehouse space in San Bernardino County, the average numbers of
jobs supported is one employee (SCAG 2001). The project would encompass 206,204 square feet,
including warehouse and office space and, as such, the estimated number of employees required for
operation would be approximately 173 people.
According to the SCAG Demographics and Growth Forecast (appendix to the Connect SoCal 2020–2045
RTP/SCS [SCAG 2020a]), employment in the City is anticipated to grow from 56,700 in 2016 to 75,100 in
2045 (SCAG 2020b). The project-related increase in employment would be minimal in comparison to the
anticipated increase in the Demographics and Growth Forecast.
Overall, the project’s temporary and permanent employment requirements would very likely be met by the
City’s existing labor force without people needing to relocate into the project region. The project would not
stimulate population growth or a population concentration above what is assumed in local and regional
land use plans.
Therefore, impacts associated with population growth would be less than significant and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
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b) Would the project displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the
construction of replacement housing elsewhere?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined the SWIP SP would not result in any direct impacts to existing residences
located within the SWIP SP area that would necessitate construction of replacement housing. The SWIP SP
PEIR concluded impacts in this regard would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site currently
contains industrial land uses (primarily home-based trucking and heavy equipment businesses), including
six single-family residential structures. However, the owners of these properties have previously entered
into voluntary purchase agreements with the applicant and have voluntarily vacated the project site. Given
that the City has an estimated vacancy rate of 2.5%, equating to approximately 1,412 vacant dwelling units
as of May 2022 (DOF 2022), the former residents living on the project site have access to new housing in
or around the project area.
Therefore, impacts associated with the displacement of housing or people would be less than significant
and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No
new mitigation measures are required.
3.15 Public Services
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XV. PUBLIC SERVICES
a) Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or
physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the
construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable
service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services:
Fire protection?
Police protection?
Schools?
Parks?
Other public facilities?
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a) Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or
physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the
construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable
service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services:
Fire protection?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP would increase the
need for fire protection and emergency medical services within the SWIP SP area. However, all future
development projects located within the SWIP SP area would be required to pay the City’s Development
Fee, and the SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.8-2a through MM-4.8-2c (which are policy-level actions that fall
under the City’s responsibility) to ensure that acceptable fire protection resources, service ratios, and
response times are met. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that, with payment of development impact fees and
implementation of the required mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts
regarding fire protection services.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Fire protection and
emergency response services are provided by the FFD, which is part of the San Bernardino County Fire
Department. The FFD operates six fire stations, with Station 74 (11500 Live Oak Avenue) located
approximately 0.9 miles southeast from the project site (FFD 2022). Based on the proximity of the project
site to the existing FFD facilities, the average response times in the project area, and the fact that the
project site is already located within FFD’s service area, the project could be adequately served by the FFD
without the construction of new, or the expansion of existing, facilities.
Additionally, the project would neither directly nor indirectly induce unplanned population growth in the City, and
the proposed land use and activities are not expected to result in an increase in calls for service to the project
site in comparison to the existing conditions. Overall, it is anticipated that the project would be adequately served
by existing FFD facilities, equipment, and personnel.
Therefore, impacts associated with FFD facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures
are required.
Police protection?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP would increase the
need for police protection services within the SWIP SP area. However, all future development projects
located within the SWIP SP area would be required to pay the City’s Development Fee, and the SWIP SP
PEIR included MM-4.8-1a through MM-4.8-1i (which are policy-level actions that fall under the City’s
responsibility) to ensure that acceptable police protection resources, service ratios, and response times
are met. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with payment of development impact fees and implementation
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of the required mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts regarding police
protection services.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Police protection
services are provided by the Fontana Police Department (FPD). The FPD operates out of its headquarters
located at 17005 Upland Avenue, roughly 5 miles northeast of the project site. Per the FPD, average
response time in the greater project area for Priority 1 (emergency) calls is 7 minutes 18 seconds (FPD
2022). Similar to fire protection services, the project site is already within the service area of the FPD,
and once operational, the project would continue to be served by the FPD.
Further, the project would not directly or indirectly induce unplanned population growth in the City, and
the proposed land use and activities are not expected to result in an increase in calls for service to the
project site in comparison to the existing conditions. Overall, it is anticipated that the project would be
adequately served by existing FPD facilities, equipment, and personnel.
Therefore, impacts associated with FPD facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures
are required.
Schools?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP could increase the
demand for public school services. However, all future development projects located within the SWIP SP
area would be required to pay the applicable school district development impact fee, and the SWIP SP PEIR
included MM-4.8-3a through MM-4.8-3f (which are policy-level actions that fall under the City’s
responsibility) to ensure that acceptable public school resources are available. The SWIP SP PEIR
concluded that with payment of development impact fees and implementation of the required mitigation,
the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts regarding public school services.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. The project would not directly or indirectly induce unplanned population growth in the City. The
number of employees hired to construct and operate the project would be minimal and would likely already
reside within the broader project area. As such, it is not anticipated that people would relocate to the City
as a result of the project, and thus, an increase in school-age children requiring public education is not
expected to occur.
Nonetheless, similar to other development projects in the City, the project would be subject to SB 50, which
requires the payment of mandatory impact fees to offset any impact to school services or facilities, as also
required by MM-4.8-3d from the SWIP SP PEIR. In accordance with SB 50 and MM-4.8-3d, the project
applicant would pay its fair share of impact fees based on the square footage of new industrial development
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(currently $0.66 per square foot [FUSD 2022]). These impact fees are required of most residential,
commercial, and industrial development projects in the City.
Therefore, with the incorporation of mitigation, impacts associated with school facilities would be less than
significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP
SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
Parks?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP could attract new
residents to the City of Fontana that would increase the demand for parks and recreation facilities in the
City. The SWIP SP does not propose any new neighborhood and community park facilities nor does it
propose any development that would directly contribute park development impact fees to the City (i.e.,
residential); therefore, existing recreational facilities within the City would be accessed by new residents
indirectly generated by the SWIP SP without the addition of new revenue sources to offset the potential
deterioration of such facilities. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future park and recreational facility
impacts resulting from future development associated with the SWIP SP would be significant and
unavoidable. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.8-5a through MM-4.8-5g (which are policy-level actions that
fall under the City’s responsibility) to ensure the City achieves park design requirements and parkland
standards in other areas of the City; nevertheless, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts would be
significant and unavoidable after mitigation.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.16(a) and
Section 3.16(b).
Other public facilities?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that future industrial, commercial, and office development associated with the
SWIP SP would create substantial employment opportunities within the SWIP SP area, which could, in turn,
lead to a population increase within the City and an associated increase in demand for library facilities.
However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP would not
significantly increase the demand for library services to the extent that would require construction of
additional library facilities. Additionally, library facility impact fees would be imposed on future development
projects within the SWIP SP area that would fund improvements to the library system. The SWIP SP PEIR
also included MM-4.8-4a (which is a policy-level action that falls under the City’s responsibility) to pursue
opportunities for additional library resources. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that with payment of library
facility impact fees and implementation of mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant
impacts to library facilities.
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Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Given the lack of
population growth that would result from the project, it is unlikely that the project would increase the use
of libraries and other public facilities. However, the project applicant would still be required to pay their fair
share of development impact fees to help offset incremental impacts to libraries by helping fund capital
improvements and expenditures.
Therefore, impacts associated with other public facilities would be less than significant and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to public services to be
implemented following project approval:
MM-4.8-3d The City shall continue to withhold building permits until verification that applicable school
fees have been collected by the appropriate school district.
3.16 Recreation
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XVI. RECREATION
a) Would the project increase the use of
existing neighborhood and regional parks or
other recreational facilities such that
substantial physical deterioration of the
facility would occur or be accelerated?
b) Does the project include recreational
facilities or require the construction or
expansion of recreational facilities which
might have an adverse physical effect on
the environment?
a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational
facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP could attract new
residents to the City of Fontana that would increase the demand for parks and recreation facilities in the
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City. The SWIP SP does not propose any new neighborhood and community park facilities nor does the
SWIP SP propose any development that would directly contribute park development impact fees to the City
(i.e., residential); therefore, existing recreational facilities within the City would be accessed by new
residents indirectly generated by the SWIP SP without the addition of new revenue sources to offset the
potential deterioration of such facilities. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future park and recreational
facility impacts resulting from future development associated with the SWIP SP would be significant and
unavoidable. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.8-5a through MM-4.8-5g (which are policy-level actions that
fall under the City’s responsibility) to ensure the City achieves park design requirements and parkland
standards in other areas of the City; nevertheless, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts would be
significant and unavoidable after mitigation.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project consists of
the construction and operation of an industrial/warehouse building. Neither the construction nor the
operation of the project would generate new permanent residents that would increase the use of existing
parks and recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of recreational facilities would
occur or be accelerated.
Therefore, impacts associated with recreational facilities would be less than significant and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational
facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that future development associated with the SWIP SP could attract new
residents to the City of Fontana that would increase the demand for parks and recreation facilities in the
City. The SWIP SP does not propose any new neighborhood and community park facilities nor does the
SWIP SP propose any development that would directly contribute park development impact fees to the City
(i.e., residential); therefore, existing recreational facilities within the City would be accessed by new
residents indirectly generated by the SWIP SP without the addition of new revenue sources to offset the
potential deterioration of such facilities. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that future park and recreational
facility impacts resulting from future development associated with the SWIP SP would be significant and
unavoidable. The SWIP SP PEIR included MM-4.8-5a through MM-4.8-5g (which are policy-level actions that
fall under the City’s responsibility) to ensure the City achieves park design requirements and parkland
standards in other areas of the City; nevertheless, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that impacts would be
significant and unavoidable after mitigation.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project consists of
the construction and operation of an industrial/warehouse building. Neither the construction nor the
operation of the project would generate new permanent residents that would increase the use of existing
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parks and recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of recreational facilities would
occur or be accelerated.
Therefore, impacts associated with recreational facilities would be less than significant and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
3.17 Transportation
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XVII. TRANSPORTATION – Would the project:
a) Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or
policy addressing the circulation system,
including transit, roadway, bicycle, and
pedestrian facilities?
b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA
Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
c) Substantially increase hazards due to a
geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves
or dangerous intersections) or incompatible
uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
d) Result in inadequate emergency access?
a) Would the project conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system,
including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that the addition of traffic from the SWIP SP would cause 9 roadway segments
and 19 deficient intersections within the study area to operate deficiently (“Existing with Project” traffic
analysis scenario). However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that upon implementation of SWIP SP PEIR MM-
4.9-1a through MM-4.9-1cc—which include a range of new roadway improvements, including roadway
widenings, signalizations, and intersection improvements—the study area intersections and roadway
segments would operate at a satisfactory LOS. Notwithstanding, because the majority of the recommended
improvements were either unfunded or only partially funded at the time the SWIP SP was approved, and
two of the recommendations are situated outside of the City of Fontana’s jurisdiction, the SWIP SP PEIR
concluded the implementation of these improvements could not be assured and, therefore, impacts would
be significant and unavoidable in the short term.
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that, under long-term conditions, the addition of trips from the SWIP SP would
contribute to deficient operations at 10 roadway segments and 19 intersections within the study area
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(“2030 with Project” traffic analysis scenario). However, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that upon
implementation of SWIP SP PEIR MM-4.9-1dd through MM-4.9-1ll—which include a range of new roadway
improvements, including roadway widenings, signalizations, and intersection improvements—the study
area intersections and roadway segments would operate at a satisfactory LOS. Notwithstanding, because
the majority of the recommended improvements were either unfunded or only partially funded at the time
the SWIP SP was approved, and two of the recommendations are situated outside of the City of Fontana’s
jurisdiction, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded the implementation of these improvements could not be assured,
and therefore impacts, would be significant and unavoidable.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The State of California
has specifically prohibited the use of congestion-based transportation analysis (i.e., LOS) for CEQA purposes
(see Citizens for Positive Growth & Preservation v City of Sacramento, 43 Cal. App. 5th 609 (2019)).
Accordingly, for CEQA purposes, this section analyzes the project per City of Fontana Traffic Impact Analysis
(TIA) Guidelines for Vehicle Miles Traveled and Level of Service Assessment (City of Fontana 2020).
While no longer needed to reduce potential impacts under CEQA, consistent with MM-4.9-1mm from the
SWIP SP PEIR, the City will still coordinate with the project applicant to identify traffic improvements outlined
in the SWIP SP PEIR that the applicant may have to implement as a condition of the approval, either through
direct construction by the applicant and/or through development impact fees.
The project is located within the SWD area of the SWIP SP; however, it was originally part of the JND part of
the SWIP SP11. The SWIP SP area consists of 10 districts, composed primarily of industrial land uses. The
SWIP Project Traffic Analysis prepared by RBF Consulting in September 2011 analyzed trip generation for
15 Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs), generally coinciding with the 10 districts. JND is further divided into three
TAZs: JND (west), JND (central), and JND (east), corresponding to TAZ 5 through TAZ 7. While the project
site is now located within the SWD, the project site was previously located in the JND (west) TAZ (TAZ 5),
and the underlying assumptions of the JND zone are still applied within this analysis, given that the SWD
and JND allow substantially similar uses12.
Per the SWIP SP PEIR, the trip generation estimate for the SWIP SP area was conservative, as it did not
utilize the “High-Cube Warehouse” trip rate that has been developed since, which accounts for
warehousing/distribution facilities that have a high lot coverage, minimal staffing, and associated low trip
generation. It was anticipated that the overall trip generation of the SWIP SP area would be lower than
analyzed in the SWIP SP PEIR, as the SWIP SP area would include distribution centers matching the
definition of the “High-Cube Warehousing” use. Accounting for displaced land uses, the SWIP SP area was
forecast to generate approximately 219,929 net new daily trips, which includes approximately 21,091 net
new AM peak-hour trips and approximately 22,880 net new PM peak-hour trips.
11 The SWIP SP was last updated in March 2022 by Specific Plan Amendment (AMD) No. 21-003, which among other updates, changed
the land use designation of certain properties within the SWIP from their current designation of Jurupa North Research and
Development District to Slover West Industrial District. The City determined that the update has been reviewed under the previous
SWIP PEIR pursuant to Sections 15162 through 15164, and Section 15183 of the CEQA Guidelines.
12 The primary reason for the March 2022 amendment to the SWIP SP was to clarify standards and regulations regarding non-
conforming uses.
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The JND was intended to include light industrial, warehousing, office, flex-tech, home-based industrial,
research and development, and service commercial. The JND (west) TAZ (TAZ 5), where the project is
located, was forecast to generate 29,278 net new daily trips, 4,214 net new AM peak-hour trips, and 3,946
net new PM peak-hour trips, using the trip rates provided in Table 3.17-1.
Table 3.17-1. Trip Rates used in SWIP SP Traffic Analysis for JND District (TAZ 5)
Land Use
Daily Trip
Rate/
Unit
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
In Out Total In Out Total
Trip Rates1
Industrial (ITE Code 110) 6.97/TSF 0.81 0.11 0.92 0.12 0.85 0.97
General Office (ITE Code 710) 11.01/TSF 1.36 0.19 1.55 0.25 1.24 1.49
Office Park (ITE Code 750) 11.42/TSF 1.52 0.19 1.71 0.21 1.27 1.48
Research & Development (ITE Code 760) 8.11/TSF 1.01 0.21 1.22 0.16 0.91 1.07
Notes: SWIP = Southwest Industrial Park; JND = Jurupa North Research and Development District; ITE = Institute of Transportation
Engineers; TSF = thousand square feet.
1 Trip rates from ITE 2008.
The project would construct an approximately 206,204 square feet (inclusive of 5,000 square feet of
mezzanine/office spaces), one-story industrial/warehouse facility on an approximately 8.7-acre property
located in the JND District of the SWIP Specific Plan area in the southern part of the City. The project would
be accessed via one driveway off Santa Ana Avenue and two driveways off Almond Avenue.
A detailed analysis of project’s trip generation, summary of driveway counts and existing trip generation of
currently operational on-site uses, and the net new trip generation for daily and peak hour conditions is
provided in Appendix G, Trip Generation and Vehicle Miles Travel (VMT) Screening Analysis for the Santa
Ana and Almond Avenue Warehouse, technical memorandum prepared by Dudek.
Table 3.17-2 provides a summary of net new trip generation estimates for the project based on ITE’s Trip
Generation, 11th Edition, for Warehousing use (ITE Code 150) and trip rate of 1.71 trips per thousand
square foot.
As shown in Table 3.17-2, the proposed project would generate approximately 352 daily trips, with 35 trips
(27 inbound and 8 outbound) in the AM peak hour, and 37 trips (10 inbound and 27 outbound) in the PM
peak hour. Adjusting for PCE, the trip generation is approximately 537 daily PCE trips, 54 AM PCE peak
hour trips (43 inbound and 11 outbound) and 59 PM PCE peak hour trips (16 inbound and 43 outbound).
Adjusting for existing use trip credit, 244 net new daily trips, with 26 net new trips in the AM peak hour, and
13 net new trips in the PM peak hour. Adjusting for PCE, the trip generation is approximately 372 net new daily
PCE trips, 43 net new AM PCE peak hour trips and 23 net new PM PCE peak hour trips.
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Table 3.17-2. Net New Trip Generation Summary
Land Use Daily Trips
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
In Out Total In Out Total
Proposed Project Trip Generation
Passenger Cars 243 18 6 24 7 18 25
Trucks 109 9 2 11 3 9 12
Total Non PCE Trips 352 27 8 35 10 27 37
Trucks (PCE) 294 25 5 30 8 24 32
Total Trips (PCE) 537 43 11 54 16 43 59
Existing Trip Generation
Passenger Cars 75 4 3 7 7 10 17
Trucks 34 1 1 2 5 2 7
Total Non PCE Trips 109 5 4 9 12 12 24
Trucks (PCE) 90 2 2 4 13 6 18
Total Trips (PCE) 165 6 5 11 20 16 36
Net New Trip Generation (Proposed – Existing)
Net New Passenger Cars 168 14 3 17 0 8 8
Net New Trucks 75 8 1 9 -2 7 5
Net New Non PCE Trips 244 22 4 26 -2 15 13
Net New Trucks (PCE) 204 23 3 26 -5 19 14
Net New Total Trips (PCE) 372 37 6 43 -4 27 21
Source: Appendix G
Notes: PCE = passenger car equivalent; Some of the totals may not match exactly due to rounding.
As shown in the trip generation analysis of the project, the trip generation of the SWIP SP PEIR Equivalent
Land use is significantly higher when compared to the trip generation potential of the project. As such, it
can be concluded that the SWIP Project Traffic Analysis prepared in 2011 (which included a higher trip
generation rate for the project site) and corresponding circulation related impacts adequately addressed
the project’s transportation impacts, and no further analysis is required.
Therefore, impacts associated with programs, plans, ordinances, and policies addressing the circulation
system would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the
level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
b) Would the project conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
This threshold related to congestion management program has been replaced by section 15064.3
subdivision (b) and the analysis is provided below.
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Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact. The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research prepared a comprehensive
update to the CEQA Guidelines in 2017 that was approved by the California Natural Resources Agency in
December 2018, requiring that lead agencies use VMT for analyzing transportation impacts (OPR 2018).
CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3 states that “generally, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is the most
appropriate measure of transportation impacts,” and define VMT as “the amount and distance of
automobile travel attributable to a project.” Note that “automobile” refers to on-road passenger vehicles,
specifically cars and light trucks. Heavy-duty truck VMT does not need to be included in the analysis, per
Senate Bill 743 requirements. Other relevant considerations may include the effects of the project on
transit and non-motorized traveled.
Per City of Fontana’s TIA Guidelines (City of Fontana 2020), if a project generates fewer than 500 net daily
trips (non-PCE), it is deemed to not cause a substantial increase in the total citywide or regional VMT, and
is therefore presumed to have a less-than-significant impact on VMT. Substantial evidence in support of
the 500 daily trip threshold is documented in Appendix B, City of Fontana Senate Bill 743 Small Project
Testing, of the City guidelines (City of Fontana 2020). As noted in Table 3.17-2, the proposed project would
result in 244 net new non-PCE daily trips, which does not exceed the City’s 500 ADT screening threshold.
Therefore, the project would result in a less-than-significant impact for VMT; no further VMT analysis would
be required.
c) Would the project substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or
dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify any safety hazards related to a design feature or land use proposed by
the SWIP SP and determined that impacts would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would
include improvements to Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue along the project’s street frontage. Other
improvements include a front and landscape setback and a new sidewalk along property frontage. Access
to the project site would be provided by three full-access driveways: one driveway on the northern portion of
the site on Santa Avenue and two driveways on the eastern portion of the site on Almond Avenue. The first
driveway would be a 40-foot-wide truck driveway at the northwestern corner of the project site, providing
access to the proposed vehicle parking lot and truck court; the second driveway would be a 30-foot-wide
passenger vehicle driveway along Almond Avenue approximately 150 feet south of the intersection of Santa
Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue, providing access to the employee parking lot; the third driveway would be a
30-foot-wide passenger vehicle driveway at the southeastern corner of the site providing access to two of the
employee parking lots.
Despite these proposed improvements, the project does not propose any substantial changes to roadway
or intersection geometry. All improvements within the public right-of-way are required to comply with
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standards set forth by the City to ensure that the project does not introduce an incompatible design feature
that would impede operations on Santa Ana Avenue, Almond Avenue, and/or any other roadway.
Under the existing conditions, no sidewalks exist along the project site’s frontage along Santa Ana Avenue
or Almond Avenue. As such, given that the project will construct these improvements, pedestrian
connectivity along these streets will be improved. In addition, to avoid potential conflicts between
pedestrians and passenger vehicles and trucks entering and exiting the project site, the City, as part of
their standard review process, requires that line-of-sight calculations and drawings be provided by the
project applicant to confirm that project driveways are designed and constructed to allow for maximum
periphery visibility for drivers as they enter and exit the property.
Therefore, impacts associated with hazardous design features would be less than significant and no new
or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
d) Would the project result in inadequate emergency access?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR did not identify substantial adverse impacts related to inadequate emergency access.
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that potential impacts to emergency access caused by construction activities
associated with the SWIP SP would be addressed through the required implementation of a traffic
management plan, which would reduce impacts to less than significant. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that
the improvements proposed by the SWIP SP would be implemented in a manner that would improve local
circulation and emergency access, and, therefore, impacts would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Emergency access to the
project site would be provided by one driveway off Santa Ana Avenue and two driveways off Almond Avenue.
The project driveways would be designed and constructed according to City standards under the direction
of a licensed and qualified engineer. Similarly, the parking areas and internal drive aisles have been
designed to comply with width, clearance, and turning-radius requirements set forth by the City, which would
ensure that all areas on the project site would be accessible to emergency responders during both project
construction and operation.
Therefore, impacts associated with emergency access would be less than significant and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to transportation to be
implemented prior to project approval, which have been addressed within this addendum:
MM-4.9-1mm Prior to issuance of a grading permit, applicants for future development associated with
the project shall prepare site-specific traffic studies, to the satisfaction of the City’s
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Engineering Department. As determined by these subsequent traffic studies, traffic
improvements identified as mitigation measures in this Program EIR shall be implemented
as a condition of the approved future development project, either through direct
construction by the project applicant and/or through development impact fees.
3.18 Tribal Cultural Resources
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XVIII. TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in
Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically
defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a
California Native American tribe, and that is:
a) Listed or eligible for listing in the California
Register of Historical Resources, or in a
local register of historical resources as
defined in Public Resources Code section
5020.1(k), or
b) A resource determined by the lead agency,
in its discretion and supported by
substantial evidence, to be significant
pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision
(c) of Public Resources Code Section
5024.1? In applying the criteria set forth in
subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code
Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall
consider the significance of the resource to
a California Native American tribe.
Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource,
defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is
geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural
value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
a) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of
historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k)?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address this subject, the SWIP SP PEIR disclosed all recorded
historical resources in the SWIP SP area and identified the potential for discovery of historic and archaeological
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resources during earth moving construction activity. MM-4.4-a through MM-4.4-2c were included in the SWIP SP
PEIR to reduce impacts to historical and archaeological resources to a level below significance.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. Consistent with MM-4.4-2a from the SWIP SP PEIR, cultural resources background research and
a records search were conducted (Appendix C). The records searches conducted at the South Central
Coastal Information Center indicated that no previously recorded prehistoric, historic, or tribal cultural
resources are located within or adjacent to the project site. One historic built environmental resource was
located along the northwest edge of the project site. The single-family property was constructed in 1945
and has been altered since its original construction. According to the record for this resource, it has been
deemed historically insignificant and ineligible for the National Register. A review of historical aerial
photographs using Google Earth show that the structure was demolished prior to April 2020. Additionally,
the project site is located in a highly developed and urbanized part of the City and is currently heavily
disturbed by existing development. As such, there is little potential for the inadvertent discovery of
subsurface archaeological or other cultural resources materials during earthwork activities.
Furthermore, as previously discussed in Section 3.5(a), the existing structures on the project site are not
eligible to be considered historic resources. Regardless of age, due to evident and substantial structural
changes made to these buildings over the decades, the historical integrity of these properties is no longer
intact, and these structures are highly unlikely to be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic
Places or California Register of Historical Resources. Lastly, the City’s General Plan Conservation, Open
Space, Parks and Trails Chapter, which included an inventory of potentially historic resources within the
City, did not identify any on-site buildings, sites, features, places, or cultural landscapes within the project
site (City of Fontana 2018b). Consistent with MM-4.4-1a from the SWIP SP PEIR, only if there is evidence
that suggests the potential for historic resources on the project site are additional field surveys, research,
and evaluation warranted. In this case, based on the aforementioned evidence, such subsequent
assessment is not required. Notwithstanding, in the unlikely event that unanticipated historical resources
or human resources are encountered before or during grading, the developer shall retain a qualified
archaeologist to monitor construction activities and to take appropriate measures to protect or preserve
them for study, consistent with MM-4.4-1b in the SWIP SP PEIR. Implementation of MM-4.4-1b from the
SWIP SP PEIR would ensure that impacts associated with historical resources would be less than significant
with mitigation incorporated.
Therefore, impacts associated with historic resources would be less than significant with mitigation
incorporated, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified
in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
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b) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be
significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1? In
applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency
shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe.
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
Although the SWIP SP PEIR did not specifically address this subject, the SWIP SP PEIR contained sufficient
information related to the SWIP SP’s cultural setting to conclude that there was the potential for tribal
cultural resources to be located within the SWIP SP area. However, with implementation of mitigation (MM-
4.4-a through MM-4.4-2c), impacts would be less than significant.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. Consistent with MM-4.4-2a, cultural resources background research and a records search was
conducted (Appendix C). The records searches conducted at the South Central Coastal Information Center
indicated that no previously recorded prehistoric, historic, or tribal cultural resources are located within or
adjacent to the project site.
The project site is located in a highly developed and urbanized part of the City and is currently heavily
disturbed by existing development. As such, there is little potential for the inadvertent discovery of
subsurface archaeological or other cultural resources materials during earthwork activities. However, as
with all other subsurface construction activity, grading, and other earthwork, there is always a chance—
despite the developed condition of the project site—for inadvertent discovery of buried, unrecorded cultural
resources, including tribal cultural resources, within the site. Thus, MM-4.4-2b and MM-4.4-2c from the
SWIP SP PEIR would be required to minimize impacts related to the inadvertent discovery of archaeological
resources, tribal cultural resources, and other types of cultural resources.
Therefore, impacts associated with tribal cultural resources would be less than significant with
incorporation of mitigation and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of
impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
Existing Mitigation Measures Applicable to Project
The SWIP SP PEIR identified the following applicable mitigation measures related to tribal cultural resources:
MM-4.4-1a, MM-4.4-1b, MM-4.4-2a, MM-4.4-2b, and MM-4.4-2c (see Section 3.5, Cultural Resources)
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3.19 Utilities and Service Systems
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XIX. UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS – Would the project:
a) Require or result in the relocation or
construction of new or expanded water,
wastewater treatment or storm water
drainage, electric power, natural gas, or
telecommunications facilities, the
construction or relocation of which could
cause significant environmental effects?
b) Have sufficient water supplies available to
serve the project and reasonably
foreseeable future development during
normal, dry, and multiple dry years?
c) Result in a determination by the wastewater
treatment provider which serves or may
serve the project that it has adequate
capacity to serve the project’s projected
demand in addition to the provider’s
existing commitments?
d) Generate solid waste in excess of State or
local standards, or in excess of the
capacity of local infrastructure, or
otherwise impair the attainment of solid
waste reduction goals?
e) Comply with federal, state, and local
management and reduction statutes and
regulations related to solid waste?
a) Would the project require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater
treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the
construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR disclosed that each future development proposal within the SWIP SP area will be
reviewed by the City staff, per policy-level mitigation measures in the SWIP SP PEIR, to confirm that
utility/infrastructure improvements would be available to serve the project or that improvements planned
by the SWIP SP would be installed as part of development. As such, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the
SWIP SP would have a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated.
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Analysis of Project:
Water Facilities
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is
located within the service area of the San Gabriel Valley Water Company, Fontana Water Company Division
(FWC). According to FWC’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (FWC 2021), FWC currently obtains water
from four different sources: local groundwater basins (Chino Basin, Rialto-Colton Basin, and Lytle Basin),
local surface water (Lytle Creek), imported surface water, and recycled water.
The Urban Water Management Plan contains existing and projected water supplies and demands for the
City during dry-year scenarios. Table 3.19-1 shows projected water supplies during multiple-dry year
conditions, which represents worst-case conditions during extended periods of drought when supplies
would be reduced.
Table 3.19-1. Projected Multiple-Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison
(Acre-Feet)
Dry-Year Scenario 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Multiple-Dry Year, First Year
Supply Totals 42,886 44,124 45,776 47,447 48,859
Demand Totals 42,886 44,124 45,776 47,447 48,859
Multiple-Dry Year, Second Year
Supply Totals 41,415 42,610 44,206 45,820 47,183
Demand Totals 41,415 42,610 44,206 45,820 47,183
Multiple-Dry Year, Third Year
Supply Totals 34,074 35,057 36,369 37,697 38,819
Demand Totals 34,074 35,057 36,369 37,697 38,819
Multiple-Dry Year, Fourth Year
Supply Totals 34,006 34,987 36,297 37,623 38,742
Demand Totals 34,006 34,987 36,297 37,623 38,742
Multiple-Dry Year, Fifth Year
Supply Totals 36,526 37,580 38,987 40,411 41,613
Demand Totals 36,526 37,580 38,987 40,411 41,613
Source: FWC 2021.
Once operational, the project would consume water at a rate of approximately 1.5 acre-feet per year, based
on FWC water consumption rates (0.33 acre-feet per acre per year for industrial use). Based on the project’s
usage rate, the project would represent a nominal percentage of FWC’s present and future water supplies
for both single- and multiple-dry-year scenarios. As such, the project’s future water demands would be met
through projected future water supplies and would be conveyed and treated via existing infrastructure
without the need for new or expanded facilities.
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Therefore, impacts associated with water facilities would be less than significant and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the level of impact level identified in the SWIP SP PEIR; no new
mitigation measures are required.
Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The Inland Empire
Utilities Agency (IEUA) provides wastewater treatment service throughout the City. The IEUA currently
operates four regional wastewater treatment facilities, including Regional Plant (RP) No. 1, RP-4, RP-5, and
Carbon Canyon Wastewater Reclamation Facility (IEUA 2022). The City is located within the RP-1 service
area. According to the IEUA’s Urban Water Management Plan (IEUA 2022), RP-1 has a rated, permitted
treatment capacity of 44 million gallons per day (gpd) and is currently treating an average of 28 million gpd,
or only 65% of its capacity (IEUA 2022).
Once operational, the project would generate wastewater at a rate of approximately 11,450 gpd, based on
wastewater generation rates previously approved by the IEUA (2,500 gpd per acre for industrial use). The
amount of wastewater generated by the project would equate to a nominal percentage of RP-1’s additional
surplus capacity, representing only a nominal increase in the amount of wastewater treated daily by the
wastewater treatment plant.
Therefore, impacts associated with wastewater treatment facilities would be less than significant and no
new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR.
No new mitigation measures are required.
Stormwater Drainage Facilities
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. A new engineered storm
drain system will be constructed on the project site to collect and treat on-site stormwater runoff. On-site
stormwater will be collected via a series of inlets and catch basins to an on-site infiltration chamber. All
on-site stormwater runoff will be collected and treated on the project site without the need for new or
expanded facilities.
Therefore, impacts associated with stormwater drainage facilities would be less than significant and no
new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR.
No new mitigation measures are required.
Other Wet and Dry Utilities
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is
currently developed and served by some existing utilities, including most wet and dry facilities. However, in
most, if not all, instances, these present utilities are not adequately sized to serve the project and, thus,
will be upgraded/replaced during project construction. Any improvements required to existing electrical,
natural gas, or telecommunications utilities will happen within the project site and will occur as part of the
project analyzed herein. As such, any upgrades to existing electrical, natural gas, or telecommunications
utilities are already evaluated as part of the overall project, and no additional environmental impacts not
already assessed in this document would occur.
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Therefore, impacts associated with other wet and dry utilities would be less than significant and no new or more
severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
b) Would the project have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable
future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that the City would have sufficient water supply to meet the water demands
of the SWIP SP in addition to the City’s existing and projected future service obligations with implementation
of policy-level mitigation measures in the SWIP SP PEIR. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that
impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.19(a).
c) Would the project result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may
serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the
provider’s existing commitments?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that existing wastewater treatment facilities could accommodate the SWIP
SP’s demand for wastewater treatment services with implementation of policy-level mitigation measures in
the SWIP SP PEIR. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that impacts would be less than significant
with mitigation incorporated.
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.19(a).
d) Would the project generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity
of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
Solid waste from the SWIP SP area would be disposed at the Mid-Valley Landfill. The SWIP SP PEIR
determined that the Mid-Valley Landfill has sufficient capacity to accommodate the solid waste disposal
needs of the SWIP SP with implementation of policy-level mitigation measures in the SWIP SP PEIR that are
the responsibility of the City. Therefore, the SWIP SP PEIR determined that impacts would be less than
significant with mitigation incorporated.
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Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. Solid waste generated
in the City is collected and transported by the City’s solid waste removal franchisee, which is permitted and
licensed to collect and transport solid waste. Once collected, solid waste is transported to sorting/disposal
facilities permitted to accept residential and commercial solid waste, with each facility’s operations
routinely inspected by regional and state regulatory agencies for compliance with all applicable statutes
and regulations.
According to CalEEMod calculations for the project (Appendix A), the project could produce approximately
189.9 tons of solid waste per year, or 0.52 tons per day. Note that these estimates represent a
conservative, worst-case scenario and do not include credit for the diversion requirements set forth by AB
939. The City has met the 50% solid waste diversion rate since 2000 (City of Fontana 2022b). Assuming that
this diversion rate holds into the future, it is estimated that roughly half of the daily amount of solid waste
generated by the project—or approximately 0.26 tons—would require disposal at a permitted landfill facility.
The nearest permitted and active municipal waste landfill to the project site is the 498-acre (408-disposal-
acre) Mid-Valley Landfill in the City of Rialto (CalRecycle 2019). The Mid-Valley Landfill has a permitted
throughput of 7,500 tons per day, or more than 2.7 million tons per year. The amount of solid waste
produced by the project would represent a nominal percentage of the land facility’s permitted daily
throughput and an equally small increase in the amount of solid waste processed at the facility per year.
All collection, transportation, and disposal of any solid waste generated by the project would comply with
all applicable federal, state, and local statutes and regulations. In particular, AB 939 requires that at least
50% of solid waste generated by a jurisdiction be diverted from landfill disposal through source reduction,
recycling, or composting. Cities, counties, and regional agencies are required to develop a waste
management plan that would achieve a 50% diversion from landfills (California Public Resources Code,
Section 40000 et seq.). As required by existing regulations, any hazardous materials collected on the
project site during demolition, construction, or operational activities would be transported and disposed of
by a permitted and licensed hazardous materials service provider at a facility permitted to accept such
hazardous materials.
Therefore, impacts associated with permitted landfill capacity and solid waste statutes and regulations
would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of
impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
e) Would the project comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and
regulations related to solid waste?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that SWIP SP would be in compliance with all state and local requirements
related to solid waste, with implementation of policy-level mitigation measures that are the responsibility
of the City. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated.
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Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. See Section 3.19(e).
3.20 Wildfire
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XX. WILDFIRE – If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard
severity zones, would the project:
a) Substantially impair an adopted emergency
response plan or emergency evacuation
plan?
b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other
factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and
thereby expose project occupants to,
pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or
the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?
c) Require the installation or maintenance of
associated infrastructure (such as roads,
fuel breaks, emergency water sources,
power lines or other utilities) that may
exacerbate fire risk or that may result in
temporary or ongoing impacts to the
environment?
d) Expose people or structures to significant
risks, including downslope or downstream
flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff,
post-fire slope instability, or drainage
changes?
a) Would the project substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in
the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards
would occur.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located in a highly
developed part of the City outside of an urban–wildland interface. The project site is not located within or
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near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008),
and the nearest natural open space area is found more than 1 mile south of the site. Additionally, as
discussed in Section 3.9(f), the project would not impair or physically interfere with an adopted emergency
response plan or emergency evacuation plan.
Therefore, the project would result in no impact with regard to an adopted emergency plan or emergency
response plan, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified
in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, would the project exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose
project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in
the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards
would occur.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. A project could result in an impact related
to the exacerbation of wildfire risks if the project was located in or near a state responsibility area or in or
near lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, and the project were to result in modifications
to climatic, topographic, vegetation, weather conditions, or other factors that subsequently increase the
severity of a wildfire. The project site is located in a highly developed part of the City outside of an urban–
wildland interface, and the project site is not located within or near state responsibility areas or lands
classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008). The nearest natural open space area is
located more than 1 mile south of the site. Given the highly developed location of the project area and
distance between the project site and nearest natural open space, implementation of the project would not
exacerbate wildfire risks.
Therefore, the project would result in no impact associated with wildland fire, and no new or more severe
impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation
measures are required.
c) Would the project require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel
breaks, emergency water sources, power lines, or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may
result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in
the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards
would occur.
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Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located in a highly
developed part of the City and would connect to existing infrastructure (i.e., aboveground and underground
utility lines, roads, etc.) located within the immediate vicinity of the project site. The project would require
that this existing infrastructure be maintained throughout the life of the project; however, the maintenance
of this infrastructure would not exacerbate fire risks because the project site is not located within or near
state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008). The
nearest natural open space area is found more than 1 mile south of the site. Given the highly developed
location of the project area and distance between the project site and nearest natural open space,
implementation of the project would not exacerbate wildfire risks.
Therefore, the project would result in no impact with regard to the installation or maintenance of associated
infrastructure that may exacerbate fire risk, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared
with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
d) Would the project expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream
flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR determined that the SWIP SP is located in an urbanized area, and no wildlands exist in
the vicinity of the SWIP SP area. The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that no impact related to wildland hazards
would occur.
Analysis of Project:
No Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project site is located in a highly
developed part of the City outside of an urban-wildland interface. The project site is not located within or near
state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones (CAL FIRE 2008), and the
nearest natural open space area is found more than 1 mile south of the site. The project would result in
grading to a level surface, altering the existing drainage pattern of the site. However, the project would not
substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner that would result in flooding on or off
site. Due to the proposed grading of the site, the relatively flat surrounding lands, and the fact that the site
would be paved for development and parking, it is unlikely that the project would expose people or structures
to downstream flooding or landslides as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes.
Therefore, the project would result in no impact with regard to downslope or downstream flooding or
landslides, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in
the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
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3.21 Mandatory Findings of Significance
New
Significant
Impact
More Severe
Impacts
New Ability to
Substantially
Reduce
Significant
Impact
No
Substantial
Change
from
Previous
Analysis
XXI. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE
a) Does the project have the potential to
substantially degrade the quality of the
environment, substantially reduce the
habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a
fish or wildlife population to drop below self-
sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a
plant or animal community, substantially
reduce the number or restrict the range of a
rare or endangered plant or animal or
eliminate important examples of the major
periods of California history or prehistory?
b) Does the project have impacts that are
individually limited, but cumulatively
considerable? (“Cumulatively considerable”
means that the incremental effects of a
project are considerable when viewed in
connection with the effects of past projects,
the effects of other current projects, and the
effects of probable future projects.)
c) Does the project have environmental effects
which will cause substantial adverse effects
on human beings, either directly or
indirectly?
a) Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially
reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-
sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or
restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major
periods of California history or prehistory?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that, following mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant
impacts to sensitive plant and animal species as well as habitats. Additionally, the SWIP SP PEIR concluded
that, with mitigation, the SWIP SP would result in less-than-significant impacts to archaeological, historical,
and paleontological resources, and, therefore, would not eliminate important examples of major periods of
California history or prehistory.
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Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. As discussed and analyzed in this addendum, the project would not degrade the quality of the
environment with implementation of mitigation. For the reasons discussed in Section 3.4, Biological
Resources, the project would not substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish
or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal
community, or reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal.
In addition, for the reasons identified in Section 3.5, the project site does not contain any important
examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory, and no impacts to such resources
would occur.
Therefore, impacts associated with biological and cultural resources would be less than significant with
mitigation incorporated, and no new or more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact
identified in the SWIP SP PEIR.
b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively
considerable” means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with
the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects.)
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR addressed cumulative impacts for each of the environmental topics evaluated. The SWIP
SP PEIR concluded the SWIP SP would result in significant and unavoidable cumulative impacts regarding
the following issues:
▪ Aesthetics (scenic vistas)
▪ Air Quality (construction-related and operational emissions)
▪ Noise (long-term mobile noise and increases to incremental noise levels)
▪ Recreation (parks/recreation facilities)
▪ Transportation/Traffic (roadway segments/intersections performance)
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated/No Substantial Change from Previous
Analysis. Similar to the project originally analyzed in the SWIP SP PEIR, the current project has the potential
to result in incremental environmental impacts that are part of a series of approvals that were anticipated
under the SWIP SP PEIR. The SWIP SP PEIR considered the project’s cumulatively considerable impacts
where effects had the potential to degrade the quality of the environment as a result of buildout consistent
with the SWIP SP, which included development of the project site. The SWIP SP PEIR determined that
cumulative impacts related to aesthetics, air quality, noise, public services (parks), recreation, and
transportation were significant and unavoidable. As discussed herein, the current project’s impacts would
be consistent with the level of impact disclosed in the SWIP SP PEIR (with implementation of mitigation);
no new or more severe impacts would occur.
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Therefore, cumulative impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated, and no new or
more severe impacts would occur compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new
mitigation measures are required.
c) Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings,
either directly or indirectly?
SWIP SP PEIR Finding:
The SWIP SP PEIR concluded that while changes to the environment that could indirectly affect human
beings would be possible in all of the designated CEQA issue areas, those changes to the environment that
the SWIP SP would cause the following that could directly affect human beings:
▪ Air Quality (construction-related and operational emissions)
▪ Hazards and Hazardous Materials (contaminated soil and groundwater [SWIP SP PEIR concluded
impacts in this issue area would be less than significant with implementation of mitigation measures])
▪ Noise (long-term mobile noise and increases to incremental noise levels)
▪ Recreation (parks/recreation facilities)
▪ Transportation/Traffic (roadway segments/intersections performance)
Analysis of Project:
Less-than-Significant Impact/No Substantial Change from Previous Analysis. The project would not
create adverse environmental effects that would cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either
directly or indirectly. Assuming approval of the project, the project would allow for development of an
industrial/warehouse land use and associated improvements. None of the proposed uses or activities
would result in any substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly, above and
beyond what was already discussed and detailed in the SWIP SP PEIR. Therefore, implementation of the
project would not result in any new impacts or increase the severity of a significant impact as previously
identified and analyzed in the SWIP SP PEIR.
Therefore, the project’s impact with regard to environmental effects that may cause a substantial adverse
effects on human beings would be less than significant and no new or more severe impacts would occur
compared with the level of impact identified in the SWIP SP PEIR. No new mitigation measures are required.
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4 References and Preparers
4.1 References Cited
Attorney General (State of California Department of Justice, Attorney General's Office). 2008. The California
Environmental Quality Act Addressing Global Warming Impacts at the Local Agency Level. May 21, 2008.
Baltrënas, Pranus et.al. (Pranas Baltrënas , Dainius Kazlauskas & Egidijus Petraitis). 2004. Testing on noise level
prevailing at motor vehicle parking lots and numeral simulation of its dispersion, Journal of Environmental
Engineering and Landscape Management, 12:2, 63-70.
CAL FIRE (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection). 2008. “Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in
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Update and Annexation for the SWC Santa Ana Avenue and Almond Avenue Warehouse Project
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Addendum to the Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southwest Industrial Park Specific Plan
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%20June%202021%20-%20Final.pdf.
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Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L.
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Soil Survey Staff. Accessed April 2022. https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx
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4.2 List of Preparers
City of Fontana, Community Development Department, Planning Division
George Velarde – Associate Planner
Rina Leung – Senior Planner
Dudek – Environmental Consultant
Patrick Cruz – Project Manager
Hayley Ward – Environmental Planner
Emily Seklecki – Environmental Planner
Ian McIntire – Air Quality Specialist
Tommy Molioo – Biologist
Kimberly Narel – Biologist
Linda Kry – Cultural Resources Specialist
Heather McDevitt – Cultural Resources Specialist
Michael Greene – Noise Specialist
Sabita Tewani – Transportation Planner
Hailee McOmber – GIS
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01,000500Feet
Project Boundary
FIGURE 1
Adelanto
Apple Valley
Barstow
Blythe
CaliforniaCity
Needles
Ridgecrest
Temecula
TwentyninePalmsUplandYucca Valley
Inyo County
Riverside
County
395
9518
91
39
83
79
178
173
78
60
2
177
58
38
247
138
127
5
215
10
15
40
210
Project Site
SAN BERNARDINO
COUNTY
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General Plan Land Use
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City of Fontana General Plan
Land Use
I-G, General Industrial
I-L, Light Industrial
P-PF, Public Facilities
R-E, Residential Estates
FIGURE 2
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Zoning
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City of Fontana Zoning
M-1, Mixed-Use 1
M-2, Mixed-Use 2
ROW, Right-Of-Way
SP, Specific Plan
FIGURE 3
01,500750Feet
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Southwest Industrial Park
(SWIP) Land Use
JND, Jurupa North
Research and
Development District
PF, Public Facilities District
RTD, Residential Trucking
District
SWD, Slover West
Industrial District
SCD, Slover Central
Manufacturing / Industrial
District
FIGURE 4
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Preliminary Stormwater Drainage Plan
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0 18090Feet
Project Boundary
Biological Study Area
Vegetation Communities
DEV, Urban Developed
DH, Disturbed Habitat
ORN, Ornamental Plantings
FIGURE 11
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Noise Measurement Locations
Short Term Measurement
Long Term Measurement
FIGURE 12
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Appendix A
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculations
Appendix B-1
Biological Resources Technical Report
Appendix B-2
Arborist Report
Appendix C
Cultural Resources Records Search
Appendix D
Geotechnical Study
Appendix E
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
Appendix F
Noise Assessment Data
Appendix G
Trip Generation Memorandum
Appendix H
Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program