HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix G - Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum
Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
APPENDIX G
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TECHNICAL
MEMORANDUM
M E M O R A N D U M
To: City of Fontana
CC: CRP/WP Alta Fontana Venture, L.L.C.
From: Zhe Chen, Michael Baker International
Winnie Woo, Michael Baker International
Date: April 21, 2022
Subject: Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project – Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum
PURPOSE
The purpose of this technical memorandum is to evaluate potential greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts that
would result from the construction and operation of the proposed Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
(project), located in the City of Fontana (City), California.
PROJECT LOCATION
The project site is located at 14817 Foothill Boulevard and is bound by Foothill Boulevard to the north,
Live Oak Avenue to the east, single-family residences to the south, and a shopping plaza and multi-family
residences to the west. Regional access to the site is available via Interstate 15 (I-15) at the Foothill
Boulevard exit, approximately three miles west of the project site. Local access to the site is provided via
Foothill Boulevard and Live Oak Avenue.
The project site comprises two parcels (Assessor’s Parcel Numbers [APN] 0230-071-03 and 0230-071-04).
EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS
The project site is approximately 8.8 acres (9.5 gross acres with road improvements and sidewalks) and
currently consist of undeveloped vacant land. Grasses and weeds cover much of the project site. No
existing structures are present on-site; however, an area in the northeastern portion of the project site
contains a slab foundation of a former structure. The project site topography is generally flat with a slight
regional slope to the southwest. The project site is located in the northern portion of the Upper Santa Ana
Valley, which is a broad downwarped (i.e., downward and depressed) area encompassing approximately
50 miles, at an elevation of approximately 1,240 to 1,245 feet, an approximate elevation difference of 5
feet. Overhead electrical lines are present at the north-central portion of the site.
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The project site is designated Multi-Family High Residential (R-MFH) by the City of Fontana General Plan
Land Use Map.1 The project site is zoned Multi-Family High Density Residential (R5) by the City of Fontana
Zoning District Map.2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed project includes construction of a mixed-use residential apartment complex with 340 multi-
family units, 1,500 square feet of commercial space, and four live-work units. The mixed-use residential
apartment complex would consist of two four-story buildings. The 340 multi-family apartment units would
be either 1, 2, or 3 bedrooms, ranging in size from 726 square feet to 1,388 square feet. The four live-
work units would each be approximately 1,492 square feet. Additionally, the project would include the
construction of 529 surface parking spaces, including 9 commercial parking spaces, located in the western,
central, and southern portions of the project site.
The project would also include approximately 5,600-square-foot indoor amenity space, comprised of a
1,800-square-foot lobby/leasing office, a 1,375-square-foot fitness center, a 1,700-square-foot clubroom,
and a 720-square-foot business center in the northern building. The northern building would have two
landscaped courtyards, with one containing a pool and spa, and the southern building would have three
landscaped courtyards. The courtyards would contain a barbecue facility equipped with a grill and picnic
benches and children’s tot lot with play equipment.
Construction of the proposed project is anticipated to begin in December 2022 and would take
approximately 26 months to complete, concluding in January 2025. Construction activities would occur
from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday and 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Saturday, except for
purposes of emergencies. The construction period would include demolition, excavation, grading,
trenching, installation of utilities, building construction, architectural coating, paving activities, and
installation of landscaping and hardscape elements.
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
The natural process through which heat is retained in the troposphere is called the “greenhouse effect.”3
The greenhouse effect traps heat in the troposphere through a threefold process as follows: short wave
radiation emitted by the sun is absorbed by the Earth; the Earth emits a portion of this energy in the form
of long wave radiation; and GHGs in the upper atmosphere absorb this long wave radiation and emit this
long wave radiation into space and toward the Earth. This “trapping” of the long wave (thermal) radiation
emitted back toward the Earth is the underlying process of the greenhouse effect.
California is a substantial contributor of global GHGs, emitting approximately 418 million metric tons of
carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2e) per year.4 A carbon dioxide equivalent is defined as the number of
metric tons of CO2 emissions with the same global warming potential as one metric ton of another GHG.
1 City of Fontana, General Plan Land Use Map, March 3, 2021.
2 City of Fontana, Zoning District Map, March 3, 2021.
3 The troposphere is the bottom layer of the atmosphere, which varies in height from the Earth’s surface to 10 to 12
kilometers.
4 California Air Resources Board, California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2019, Trends of Emissions and Other
Indicators, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/ca_ghg_inventory_trends_2000-2019.pdf, July 28, 2021,
accessed January 17, 2022.
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 3
Methane (CH4) is also an important GHG that potentially contributes to global climate change. GHGs are
global in their effect, which is to increase the earth’s ability to absorb heat in the atmosphere. As primary
GHGs have a long lifetime in the atmosphere, accumulate over time, and are generally well-mixed, their
impact on the atmosphere is mostly independent of the point of emission. Every nation emits GHGs and
as a result makes an incremental cumulative contribution to global climate change; therefore, global
cooperation will be required to reduce the rate of GHG emissions enough to slow or stop the human-
caused increase in average global temperatures and associated changes in climatic conditions.
The impact of human activities on global climate change is apparent in the observational record. Air
trapped by ice has been extracted from core samples taken from polar ice sheets to determine the global
atmospheric variation of CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide (N2O) from before the start of industrialization
(approximately 1750), to over 650,000 years ago. For that period, it was found that CO2 concentrations
ranged from 180 to 300 parts per million (ppm). For the period from approximately 1750 to the present,
global CO2 concentrations increased from a pre-industrialization period concentration of 280 to 379 ppm
in 2005, with the 2005 value far exceeding the upper end of the pre-industrial period range. As of January
2022, the highest monthly average concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was recorded at 418 ppm.5
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) constructed several emission trajectories of GHGs
needed to stabilize global temperatures and climate change impacts. It concluded that a stabilization of
GHGs at 400 to 450 ppm carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)6 concentration is required to keep global mean
warming below 2 degrees Celsius (ᵒC), which in turn is assumed to be necessary to avoid dangerous
climate change.
REGULATORY SETTING
Federal
To date, no national standards have been established for nationwide GHG reduction targets, nor have any
regulations or legislation been enacted specifically to address climate change and GHG emissions
reduction at the project level. Various efforts, summarized below, have been promulgated at the federal
level to improve fuel economy and energy efficiency to address climate change and its associated effects.
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
(December 2007), among other key measures, requires the following, which would aid in the reduction of
national GHG emissions:
• Increase the supply of alternative fuel sources by setting a mandatory Renewable Fuel Standard
requiring fuel producers to use at least 36 billion gallons of biofuel in 2022.
• Set a target of 35 miles per gallon for the combined fleet of cars and light trucks by model year
2020 and direct the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to establish a fuel
economy program for medium- and heavy-duty trucks and create a separate fuel economy
standard for work trucks.
5 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Carbon Dioxide Concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory,
https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/, accessed January 17, 2022.
6 Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e) – A metric measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases based
upon their global warming potential.
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 4
• Prescribe or revise standards affecting regional efficiency for heating and cooling products and
procedures for new or amended standards, energy conservation, energy efficiency labeling for
consumer electronic products, residential boiler efficiency, electric motor efficiency, and home
appliances.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Endangerment Finding. The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency’s (EPA) authority to regulate GHG emissions stems from the U.S. Supreme Court decision in
Massachusetts v. EPA (2007). The Supreme Court ruled that GHGs meet the definition of air pollutants
under the existing Clean Air Act and must be regulated if these gases could be reasonably anticipated to
endanger public health or welfare. Responding to the Court’s ruling, the EPA finalized an endangerment
finding in December 2009. Based on scientific evidence it found that six GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O,
hydrofluorocarbons [HFCs], perfluorocarbons [PFCs], and sulfur hexafluoride [SF6]) constitute a threat to
public health and welfare. Thus, it is the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the existing Act and the EPA’s
assessment of the scientific evidence that form the basis for the EPA’s regulatory actions.
Presidential Executive Order 13783. Presidential Executive Order 13783, Promoting Energy Independence
and Economic Growth (March 28, 2017), orders all federal agencies to apply cost-benefit analyses to
regulations of GHG emissions and evaluations of the social cost of carbon, nitrous oxide, and methane.
State
The State of California has adopted various administrative initiatives and legislation related to climate
change, much of which set aggressive goals for GHG emissions reductions statewide. Although lead
agencies must evaluate GHG emissions of projects and their effects on climate change as required by the
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), the CEQA Guidelines do not require or suggest specific
methodologies for performing an assessment or specific thresholds of significance, and do not specify
GHG reduction mitigation measures. Instead, the CEQA Guidelines allow lead agencies to choose
methodologies and make significance determinations based on substantial evidence, as discussed in
further detail below. No state agency has promulgated binding regulations for analyzing GHG emissions,
determining their significance, or mitigating significant effects in CEQA documents. Thus, lead agencies
exercise their discretion in determining how to analyze GHGs.
California Global Warming Solutions Act (Assembly Bill 32). The primary act that has driven GHG regulation
and analysis in California is the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Assembly Bill [AB] 32)
(Health and Safety Code Sections 38500, 38501, 28510, 38530, 38550, 38560, 38561–38565, 38570,
38571, 38574, 38580, 38590, 38592–38599), which instructs the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to
develop and enforce regulations for the reporting and verifying of statewide GHG emissions. The act
directed CARB to set a GHG emissions limit based on 1990 levels, to be achieved by 2020. The bill set a
timeline for adopting a scoping plan for achieving GHG reductions in a technologically and economically
feasible manner. The heart of the bill is the requirement that statewide GHG emissions be reduced to
1990 levels by 2020.
CARB Scoping Plan. On December 11, 2008, CARB adopted its Scoping Plan, which functions as a roadmap
to achieve GHG reductions in California required by AB 32 through subsequently enacted regulations.
CARB’s Scoping Plan contains the main strategies California will implement to reduce GHG emissions by
174 MMTCO2e, or approximately 30 percent, from the State’s projected 2020 emissions level of 596
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MMTCO2e under a business-as-usual (BAU)7 scenario. This is a reduction of 42 MMTCO2e, or almost ten
percent, from 2002 to 2004 average emissions, but requires the reductions in the face of population and
economic growth through 2020.
CARB’s Scoping Plan calculates 2020 BAU emissions as the emissions that would be expected to occur in
the absence of any GHG reduction measures. The 2020 BAU emissions estimate was derived by projecting
emissions from a past baseline year using growth factors specific to each of the different economic sectors
(e.g., transportation, electrical power, commercial and residential, industrial, etc.). CARB used three-year
average emissions by sector for 2002 to 2004 to forecast emissions to 2020. The measures described in
CARB’s Scoping Plan are intended to reduce the projected 2020 BAU to 1990 levels, as required by AB 32.
AB 32 requires CARB to update the Scoping Plan at least once every five years. CARB adopted the first
major update to the Scoping Plan on May 22, 2014. The updated Scoping Plan summarizes recent science
related to climate change, including anticipated impacts to California and the levels of GHG reduction
necessary to likely avoid risking irreparable damage. It identifies the actions California has already taken
to reduce GHG emissions and focuses on areas where further reductions could be achieved to help meet
the 2020 target established by AB 32. The Scoping Plan update also looks beyond 2020 toward the 2050
goal, established in Executive Order S-3-05, and observes that “a mid-term statewide emission limit will
ensure that the State stays on course to meet our long-term goal.” The Scoping Plan update did not
establish or propose any specific post-2020 goals, but identified such goals adopted by other governments
or recommended by various scientific and policy organizations.
In December 2017, CARB approved the California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan: The Strategy for
Achieving California’s 2030 Greenhouse Gas Target. This update focuses on implementation of a 40
percent reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. To achieve this, the updated
Scoping Plan draws on a decade of successful programs that addresses the major sources of climate
changing gases in every sector of the economy:
• More Clean Cars and Trucks: The plan sets out far-reaching programs to incentivize the sale of
millions of zero-emission vehicles, drive the deployment of zero-emission trucks, and shift to a
cleaner system of handling freight statewide.
• Increased Renewable Energy: California’s electric utilities are ahead of schedule in meeting the
requirement that 33 percent of electricity come from renewable sources by 2020. The Scoping
Plan guides utilities to 50 percent renewables, as required under Senate Bill (SB)350.
• Slashing Super-Pollutants: The plan calls for a significant cut in super-pollutants such as methane
and HFC refrigerants, which are responsible for as much as 40 percent of global warming.
• Cleaner Industry and Electricity: California’s renewed cap-and-trade program extends the
declining cap on emissions from utilities and industries and the carbon allowance auctions. The
auctions will continue to fund investments in clean energy and efficiency, particularly in
disadvantaged communities.
7 “Business-as-Usual” refers to emissions that would be expected to occur in the absence of GHG reductions. See
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/bau.htm. Note that there is significant controversy as to what BAU means. In
determining the GHG 2020 limit, CARB used the above as the “definition.” It is broad enough to allow for design features to
be counted as reductions.
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• Cleaner Fuels: The Low Carbon Fuel Standard will drive further development of cleaner, renewable
transportation fuels to replace fossil fuels.
• Smart Community Planning: Local communities will continue developing plans which will further
link transportation and housing policies to create sustainable communities.
• Improved Agriculture and Forests: The Scoping Plan also outlines innovative programs to account
for and reduce emissions from agriculture, as well as forests and other natural lands.
California Green Building Standards. The California Green Building Standards Code (California Code of
Regulations, Title 24, Part 11), commonly referred to as the CALGreen Code, is a statewide mandatory
construction code developed and adopted by the California Building Standards Commission and the
Department of Housing and Community Development. The CALGreen standards require new residential
and commercial buildings to comply with mandatory measures under the topics of planning and design,
energy efficiency, water efficiency/conservation, material conservation and resource efficiency, and
environmental quality. CALGreen also provides voluntary tiers and measures that local governments may
adopt that encourage or require additional measures in the five green building topics. The most recent
update to the CALGreen Code went into effect January 1, 2020.
Achieving the 2030 target under the updated Scoping Plan would also spur the transformation of the
California economy and fix its course securely on achieving an 80 percent reduction in GHG emissions by
2050, consistent with the global consensus of the scale of reductions needed to stabilize atmospheric GHG
concentrations at 450 ppm CO2, and reduce the likelihood of catastrophic climate change. Currently,
global levels are at just above 418 ppm.8 Table 1, California State Climate Change Legislation, provides a
brief overview of other California legislation relating to climate change that may affect emissions
associated with the proposed project.
Table 1
California State Climate Change Legislation
Legislation Description
Assembly Bill 1493
(AB 1493),
Advanced Clean
Cars Program and
Executive Order
N-79-20
Assembly Bill 1493 (“the Pavley Standard”) (Health and Safety Code Sections 42823 and 43018.5) aims to reduce
GHG emissions from noncommercial passenger vehicles and light-duty trucks of model years 2009 to 2016. By 2025,
when all rules will be fully implemented, new automobiles will emit 34 percent fewer CO2e emissions and 75 percent
fewer smog-forming emissions. Signed into law in September 2020, Executive Order N-79-20 establishes a goal to
make all new passenger cars and trucks (including drayage trucks) sold in California to be zero-emission by 2035, and
medium and heavy-duty trucks by 2045, where feasible. Further, all off-road vehicles and equipment shall also be
zero-emission by 2035 where feasible.
Executive Order
S-01-07 and Low
Carbon Fuel
Standard
Executive Order S-01-07 (2007) requires a 10 percent or greater reduction in the average fuel carbon intensity for
transportation fuels in California. The regulation established the Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which took effect on
January 1, 2011, and is codified at Title 17, California Code of Regulations, Sections 95480–95490. The Low Carbon
Fuel Standard will reduce GHG emissions by reducing the carbon intensity of transportation fuels used in California by
at least 10 percent by 2020.
Renewables
Portfolio Standard
(Senate Bill X1-2
California’s Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) requires retail sellers of electric services to increase procurement
from eligible renewable energy resources to 33 percent of total retail sales by 2020. The 33 percent standard is
consistent with the RPS goal established in the Scoping Plan. The passage of SB 350 in 2015 updates the RPS to
8 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Carbon Dioxide Concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory,
https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/, accessed January 17, 2022.
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[SB X1-2], Senate
Bill 350 [SB 350],
and Senate Bill 100
[SB 100])
require the amount of electricity generated and sold to retail customers per year from eligible renewable energy
resources to be increased to 50 percent by December 31, 2030. The bill will make other revisions to the RPS program
and to certain other requirements on public utilities and publicly-owned electric utilities. The passage of SB 100 in 2018
further requires achieving 60 percent renewable energy resources target by 2030, and 100 percent renewable energy
resources target by 2045.
Senate Bill 375 (SB
375)*
SB 375 took effect in 2008 and provides a new planning process to coordinate land use planning, regional
transportation plans, and funding priorities to help California meet the GHG reduction goals established in AB 32. SB
375 requires metropolitan planning organizations to incorporate a sustainable communities’ strategy in their regional
transportation plans that will achieve GHG emissions reduction targets by reducing vehicle miles traveled from light-
duty vehicles through the development of more compact, complete, and efficient communities. SB 375 requires CARB
to periodically update the targets, no later than every 8 years. CARB has set regional targets, indexed to years 2020
and 2035, to help achieve significant additional GHG emission reductions from changed land use patterns and
improved transportation in support of the State's climate goals, as well as in support of statewide public health and air
quality objectives.
California Building
Energy Efficiency
Standards
(California Energy
Code)
In general, the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards require the design of building shells and building
components to conserve energy. The California Energy Commission updates the Building Energy Efficiency Standards
every three years by working with stakeholders in a public and transparent process. The 2019 Building Energy
Efficiency Standards contained in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 6 (also known as the California
Energy Code) took effect on January 1, 2019. The 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards are 7 percent more
efficient than previous standards for residential construction and once rooftop solar electricity generation is factored
in, homes built under the 2019 standards will use about 53 percent less energy than those under the 2016 standards.
Senate Bill 32
(Amendments to
California Global
Warming Solutions
Act of 2006:
Emission Limit) (SB
32)
Signed into law in September 2016, SB 32 codifies the 2030 target (reduce Statewide GHG emissions by 40 percent
below 1990 levels) in Executive Order B-30-15. The bill authorizes the state board to adopt an interim GHG emissions
level target to be achieved by 2030. SB 32 states that the intent is for the legislature and appropriate agencies to adopt
complementary policies which ensure that the long-term emissions reductions advance specified criteria. In December
2017, CARB approved the California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan: The Strategy for Achieving California’s
2030 Greenhouse Gas Target that provides guidance for compliance with SB 32.
*Senate Bill 375 is codified at Government Code Sections 65080, 65400, 65583, 65584.01, 65584.02, 65584.04, 65587, 65588, 14522.1, 14522.2, and 65080.01, as well as at Public Resources Code Sections 21061.3 and 21159.28 and Chapter 4.2.
Regional
South Coast Air Quality Management District
In 2008, the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) released draft guidance regarding
interim CEQA GHG significance thresholds.9 Within its October 2008 document, the SCAQMD proposed
the use of a percent emission reduction target to determine significance for commercial/residential
projects that emit greater than 3,000 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) per year. Under
this proposal, commercial/residential projects that emit fewer than 3,000 MTCO2e per year would be
assumed to have a less than significant impact on climate change. On December 5, 2008, the SCAQMD
Governing Board adopted the staff proposal for an interim GHG significance threshold of 10,000 MTCO2e
per year for stationary source/industrial projects where the SCAQMD is the lead agency. However, the
SCAQMD has yet to adopt a GHG significance threshold for application by local lead agencies in their
review of land use development projects (e.g., residential/commercial projects).
Southern California Association of Governments 2020–2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable
Communities Strategy
9 South Coast Air Quality Management District, Draft Guidance Document—Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance
Threshold, October 2008.
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On September 3, 2020, the Regional Council of Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)
formally adopted the 2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy of the
Southern California Association of Governments – Connect SoCal (2020–2045 RTP/SCS). The SCS portion
of the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS highlights strategies for the region to reach the regional target of reducing
GHGs from autos and light-duty trucks by 8 percent per capita by 2020, and 19 percent by 2035 (compared
to 2005 levels). Specially, these strategies are:
• Focus growth near destinations and mobility options;
• Promote diverse housing choices;
• Leverage technology innovations;
• Support implementation of sustainability policies; and
• Promote a green region.
Furthermore, the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS discusses a variety of land use tools to help achieve the state-
mandated reductions in GHG emissions through reduced per capita vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Some
of these tools include center focused placemaking, focusing on priority growth areas, job centers, transit
priority areas, as well as high quality transit areas and green regions.
San Bernardino Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan
In response to AB 32, a project partnership, led by San Bernardino County Transportation Authority
(SBCTA), has compiled an inventory of GHG emissions and developed reduction measures in the Regional
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan (RGHGRP) that could be adopted by the partnership jurisdictions,
including the County.10 The County is in the process of adopting the RGHGRP plan, so the RGHGRP is not
utilized for project consistency analysis.
Local
City of Fontana General Plan Update 2015-2035
A General Plan is a guiding document that provides residents, elected officials, business owners, and other
stakeholders with direction on how to meet the needs of a growing city and provides a greater quality of
life for its current and future residents. The City adopted the General Plan Update 2015-2035 (General
Plan Update) on November 13, 2018. Chapter 10, Infrastructure and Green Systems, and Chapter 12,
Sustainability and Resilience, of the General Plan Update identify goals and policies to pursue
sustainability and resilience by making resource-efficient choices to conserve water, energy, and
materials, improve air quality, and adjust to changing conditions. The following goals and policies focusing
on GHG emissions and reductions are applicable to the proposed project:
Chapter 10, Infrastructure and Green Systems
Goal 10.7: Fontana is an energy-efficient community.
10 San Bernardino County Transportation Authority, San Bernardino County Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan.
https://www.gosbcta.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/09/San_Bernardino_Regional_GHG_Reduction_Plan_Main_Text_Mar_2021.pdf, accessed February
2, 2022.
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Policy 10.7.1 : Promote renewable energy and distributed energy systems in new development
and retrofits of existing development to work towards the highest levels of low-
carbon energy-efficiency.
Chapter 12, Sustainability and Resilience
Goal 12.3: Renewable sources of energy, including solar and wind, and other energy-conservation
strategies are available to city households and businesses.
Policy12.3.1 : Promote renewable energy programs for government, Fontana businesses, and
Fontana residences.
Goal 12.5: Green building techniques are used in new development and retrofits.
Policy 12.5.1 : Promote green building through guidelines, awards and nonfinancial incentives.
Goal 12.6: Fontana is a leader [in] energy-efficient development and retrofits.
Policy 12.6.1 : Promote energy-efficient development in Fontana.
Policy 12.6.2 : Meet or exceed state goals for energy-efficient new construction.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT THRESHOLDS
In accordance with the CEQA Guidelines, project impacts are evaluated to determine whether significant
adverse environmental impacts would occur. This analysis will focus on the project’s potential impacts
and provide mitigation measures, if required, to reduce or avoid any potentially significant impacts that
are identified. According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, the proposed project would have a
significant impact related to greenhouse gas emissions, if it would:
• Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant
impact on the environment (refer to Impact GHG-1); and/or
• Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the
emissions of greenhouse gases (refer to Impact GHG-2).
The City has not adopted a numerical significance threshold for assessing impacts related to GHG
emissions from non-industrial development projects. Similarly, neither the SCAQMD, CARB, nor any other
state or regional agency has adopted a numerical significance threshold for assessing GHG emissions that
is applicable to the proposed project. The analysis below calculates the amount of GHG emissions that
would be attributable to the proposed project using recommended air quality models, as required by
State CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.4(a), which calls for a good-faith effort to describe and calculate
emissions. The estimated emissions inventory is also used to determine if there would be a reduction in
the proposed project’s incremental contribution of GHG emissions as a result of compliance with
regulations and requirements adopted to implement plans for the reduction or mitigation of GHG
emissions.
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Regarding the impact assessment methodology and thresholds of significance, the CEQA Guidelines
provide that a lead agency, “shall make a good faith effort, based to the extent possible on scientific and
factual data, to describe, calculate or estimate the amount of [GHG] emissions resulting from a project,”
and that a lead agency should consider, “whether the project emissions exceed a threshold of significance
that the lead agency determines applies to the project” (§ 15064.4(a)-(b)). When adopting these
thresholds, the amended Guidelines allow lead agencies to, “consider thresholds of significance previously
adopted or recommended by other public agencies or recommended by experts, provided the decision of
the lead agency to adopt such thresholds is supported by substantial evidence” (§ 15064.7(c)), and/or to
develop their own significance threshold. The City as lead agency has determined that a threshold of
significance of 3,000 MTCO2e for GHG emissions is appropriate for the proposed project. The City based
its threshold on the GHG threshold for Mixed Use and non-industrial projects recommended by SCAQMD,
an expert agency with primary authority over air pollutants including GHG in the project area.
In 2008, SCAQMD developed and recommended two types of GHG thresholds: (1) separate numerical
thresholds for residential projects (3,500 MTCO2e), commercial projects (1,400 MTCO2e), and Mixed Use
projects (3,000 MTCO2e); or (2) a singular numerical threshold for all non-industrial projects (3,000
MTCO2e). SCAQMD's GHG Working Group consensus “clearly states that it is at the lead agency's
discretion to apply the appropriate threshold to the project for CEQA review. In other words, SCAQMD's
recommendation is that the lead agency will need to decide which threshold is most appropriate.”
Because the proposed project is a mixed-use project, the City has determined to utilize SCAQMD's
recommended threshold for mixed-use projects (3,000 MTCO2e). These SCAQMD thresholds were
developed using substantial evidence by the SCAQMD GHG Working Group—a group of various resource
agencies, cities, counties, utilities, and environmental groups—with the objective of capturing 90 percent
of GHG emissions from larger projects above the screening threshold and allowing smaller projects to be
implemented without further investigation of possible mitigative elements. Additionally, the long-term
goal of Executive Order S-3-05 to reduce statewide GHG emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels by
2050 formulated the basis of the SCAQMD recommendation, which is also consistent with analysis
published by the California Air Pollution Control Officer’s Association in its 2008 White Paper on CEQA and
Climate Change. As such, the SCAQMD’s proposed threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year was used to
determine the proposed project’s impacts related to GHG emissions.
The GHG plan consistency analysis for the project is based on the project’s consistency with the 2017
Scoping Plan, 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, and the City’s General Plan Update.
IMPACT ANALYSIS
GHG-1 WOULD THE PROJECT GENERATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, EITHER DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY, THAT MAY HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT?
Project-Related Sources of Greenhouse Gases
The proposed project would result in direct and indirect emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4, and would not
result in other GHGs that would facilitate a meaningful analysis. Therefore, this analysis focuses on these
three forms of GHG emissions. Direct project-related GHG emissions include emissions from construction
activities, area sources, and mobile sources, while indirect sources include emissions from energy
consumption, water demand, and solid waste generation. The most recent version of the California
Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod), version 2020.4.0, was used to calculate direct and indirect
Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 11
project-related GHG emissions. Table 2, Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions, presents the estimated
CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions associated with the proposed project. CalEEMod outputs are contained
within Appendix A, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data.
Table 2
Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Source
CO2 CH4 N2O Total
Metric
Tons of
CO2e2,3
Metric
tons/year1
Metric
tons/year1
Metric tons
of CO2e1,3
Metric
tons/year1
Metric tons
of CO2e1,3
Direct Emissions
Construction (amortized over 30 years)4 67.30 <0.01 0.17 <0.01 0.91 68.38
Area Source 80.15 <0.01 0.18 <0.01 0.41 80.74
Mobile Source 1,813.67 0.10 2.51 0.09 26.58 1,842.76
Total Direct Emissions 1,961.12 0.11 2.85 0.09 27.90 1,991.87
Indirect Emissions
Energy Consumption 522.17 0.03 0.67 <0.01 2.23 525.07
Solid Waste 16.24 0.96 24.0 0.00 0.00 40.24
Water Demand 79.15 0.59 14.84 0.01 4.35 98.34
Total Indirect Emissions 617.56 1.58 39.51 0.02 6.58 663.65
Total Project-Related Emissions3 2,655.52 MTCO2e/year
Threshold 3,000 MTCO2e/year
Exceeds Threshold? No
Notes: Carbon dioxide equivalent = CO2e; metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year = MTCO2e per year 1. Project emissions were calculated using CalEEMod version 2020.4.0, as recommended by the SCAQMD.
2. Totals may be slightly off due to rounding.
3. Carbon dioxide equivalent values calculated using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Website, Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator,
http://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator, accessed January 24, 2022.
4. Total project construction GHG emissions equate to 2,051.33 MTCO2e. Value shown is amortized over the lifetime of the project (assumed to be 30 years).
Refer to Appendix A, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data, for detailed model input/output data.
Direct Project-Related Source of Greenhouse Gases
Construction Emissions. Construction GHG emissions are amortized (i.e., total construction emissions
divided by the lifetime of the project, assumed to be 30 years),11 then added to the operational emissions.
As seen in Table 2, construction of the proposed project would result in a total of 68.38 MTCO2e
(amortized over 30 years).
Area Source. Area source emissions would be generated due to an increased demand for consumer
products, architectural coating, hearth, and landscaping associated with the development of the proposed
project. The project would result in a total of 80.74 MTCO2e area source emissions; refer to Table 2.
Mobile Source Emissions. According to the Alta Fontana Apartments Traffic Study Scoping Assessment
(Traffic Scoping Assessment) developed by Fehr & Peers (dated January 13, 2022)12, the proposed project
would generate 1,644 daily trips. As such, the project would result in approximately 1,842.76 MTCO2e per
year of mobile source generated GHG emissions; refer to Table 2.
11 In accordance with the SCAQMD guidance, projected GHGs from construction have been quantified and amortized over 30
years, which is the number of years considered to represent the life of the project. The amortized construction emissions
are added to the annual average operational emissions.
12 Fehr & Peers, Alta Fontana Apartments Traffic Study Scoping Assessment, January 13, 2022.
Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 12
Indirect Project-Related Source of Greenhouse Gases
Energy Consumption. Energy consumption emissions were calculated using the CalEEMod model and
project-specific land use data. Electricity would be provided to the project site via Southern California
Edison (SCE). The project would indirectly result in 525.07 MTCO2e/year of GHG emissions due to energy
consumption; refer to Table 2. Additionally, the project would include several sustainable design features
to achieve further reduction in energy consumption during project operation. As a conservative analysis,
these design features have not been incorporated in the CalEEMod model. The project would comply with
2019 Title 24 standards and reserve area on the roof for future solar panels and install enhanced insulated
walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting, and energy efficient appliances.
Water Demand. Emissions from indirect energy impacts due to water supply would result in 98.34
MTCO2e/year; refer to Table 2.
Solid Waste. Solid waste associated with operations of the proposed project would result in 40.24
MTCO2e/year; refer to Table 2.
Total Project-Related Sources of Greenhouse Gases
As shown in Table 2, the total amount of proposed project-related GHG emissions from direct and indirect
sources combined would total 2,655.52 MTCO2e/year. Therefore, project GHG emissions would not
exceed the SCAQMD threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year, and impacts would be less than significant.
GHG-2 WOULD THE PROJECT CONFLICT WITH AN APPLICABLE PLAN, POLICY OR REGULATION
ADOPTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF REDUCING THE EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES?
Consistency with Applicable GHG Plans, Policies, or Regulations
The GHG plan consistency analysis for the project is based on the project’s consistency with the 2017
Scoping Plan, 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, and City’s General Plan Update. The 2017 Scoping Plan describes the
approach California will take to reduce GHG emissions by 40 percent below 1990 levels by the year 2030.
The 2020-2045 RTP/SCS is a regional growth management strategy that targets per-capita GHG reduction
from passenger vehicles and light-duty trucks in the Southern California region and incorporates local land
use projections and circulation networks in city and county general plans. The General Plan Update
Chapter 10 and Chapter 12 outline the goals and policies for resource efficiency and planning for climate
change within the City. The following discussion analyzes the project’s consistency with the CARB 2017
Scoping Plan, SCAG 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, and City’s General Plan Update.
Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan
The 2017 Scoping Plan identifies GHG reduction measures necessary to achieve the 2030 target. These
measures build upon those identified in the first update to the Scoping Plan (2013). Although a number
of these measures are currently established as policies and measures, some measures have not yet been
formally proposed or adopted. It is expected that these measures or similar actions to reduce GHG
emissions will be adopted as required to achieve statewide GHG emissions targets. Table 3, Consistency
with the 2017 Scoping Plan, provides an evaluation of applicable reduction actions/strategies by emissions
Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 13
source category, and demonstrates that the project would be consistent with or exceed the reduction
actions/strategies outlined in the 2017 Scoping Plan.
Table 3
Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan
Actions and Strategies Project Consistency Analysis
SB 350
Achieve a 50 percent Renewables Portfolio Standard
(RPS) by 2030, with a doubling of energy efficiency
savings by 2030.
Consistent. The proposed project would not be an electrical
provider and would not delay the goals of SB 350. Furthermore, the
project would utilize electricity from Southern California Edison,
which is required to comply with SB 350. As such, the project would
be in compliance with SB 350.
Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS)
Increase stringency of carbon fuel standards; reduce the
carbon intensity of fuels by 18 percent by 2030, which is
up from 10 percent in 2020.
Consistent. Motor vehicles (including trucks) driven within the
project area and hauling trucks driven during project construction
would be use LCFS compliant fuels. The project would be in
compliance with LCFS.
Mobile Source Strategy (Cleaner Technology and Fuels Scenario)
Maintain existing GHG standards of light and heavy-duty
vehicles while adding an addition 4.2 million zero-
emission vehicles (ZEVs) on the road. Increase the
number of ZEV buses, delivery trucks, or other trucks.
Consistent. The proposed project would include commercial use
which may include occasional light- and heavy-duty truck uses.
Trucks uses associated with the proposed project would be
required to comply with all CARB regulations, including the LCFS,
and newer model vehicles would be required to comply with newer
engine standards. The proposed project would not conflict with the
CARB’s goal of adding 4.2 million zero-emission (ZEVs) on the
road. Furthermore, the project would have approximately 53 spaces
for future installation of electric vehicle charging stations and
include bike parking and storage in accordance with the 2019 Title
24 standards and CALGreen Code. As such, the project would not
conflict with the goals of the Mobile Source Strategy.
Sustainable Freight Action Plan
Improve the freight system efficiency and maximize the
use of near zero emission vehicles and equipment
powered by renewable energy. Deploy over 100,000
zero-emission trucks and equipment by 2030.
Consistent. As discussed above, truck uses associated with the
project site would be required to comply with all CARB regulations,
including the LCFS, and newer model vehicles would be required
to comply with newer engine standards. Additionally, the project
would comply with all future applicable regulatory standard adopted
by CARB and would not conflict with CARB’s goal to deploy over
100,000 zero-emission trucks and equipment by 2030.
Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) Reduction
Strategy
Reduce the GHG emissions of methane and
hydrofluorocarbons by 40 percent below the 2013 levels
by 2030. Furthermore, reduce the emissions of black
carbon by 50 percent below the 2013 levels by the year
2030.
Consistent. The project would not emit a large amount of CH4 (methane) emissions; refer to Table 2. Furthermore, the project
would comply with all CARB and SCAQMD hydrofluorocarbon
regulations. As such, the proposed project would not conflict with
the SLCP reduction strategy.
SB 375 Sustainable Communities Strategies
Increase the stringency of the 2035 GHG emission per
capita reduction target for metropolitan planning
organizations (MPO).
Consistent. As shown in Table 4, the proposed project would be
consistent with the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS and would not conflict with
the goals of SB 375.
Post-2020 Cap and Trade Programs
The Cap-and-Trade Program will reduce greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions from major sources (covered entities)
by setting a firm cap on statewide GHG emissions while
Not Applicable. As seen in Table 2, below the project would
generate approximately 2,655.52 MTCO2e per year, which is below
Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 14
Consistency with the SCAG 2020-2045 RTP/SCS
The SCAG’s 2020-2045 RTP/SCS includes performance goals that were adopted to help focus future
investments on the best-performing projects, as well as different strategies to preserve, maintain, and
optimize the performance of the existing transportation system. The 2020-2045 RTP/SCS is forecasted to
help California reach its GHG reduction goals by reducing GHG emissions from passenger cars by 8 percent
below 2005 levels by 2020 and 19 percent by 2035 in accordance with the most recent CARB targets,
adopted in March 2018. Five key SCS strategies are included in the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS to help the region
meet its regional VMT and GHG reduction goals, as required by the State. Table 4¸ Consistency with the
2020-2045 RTP/SCS shows the project’s consistency with these five strategies found within the 2020-2045
RTP/SCS. As shown, the proposed project would be consistent with the GHG emission reduction strategies
contained in the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS.
employing market mechanisms to cost-effectively
achieve the emission-reduction goals.
the 25,000 MTCO2e/yr Cap-and-Trade screening level. Therefore,
the project would not conflict with this goal.
Source: California Air Resources Board, 2017 Scoping Plan, November 2017.
Table 4
Consistency with the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS
Reduction Strategy Project Consistency Analysis
Focus Growth Near Destinations and Mobility Options
• Emphasize land use patterns that facilitate multimodal
access to work, educational and other destinations
• Focus on a regional jobs/housing balance to reduce
commute times and distances and expand job
opportunities near transit and along center-focused main
streets
• Plan for growth near transit investments and support
implementation of first/last mile strategies
• Promote the redevelopment of underperforming retail
developments and other outmoded nonresidential uses
• Prioritize infill and redevelopment of underutilized land to
accommodate new growth, increase amenities and
connectivity in existing neighborhoods
• Encourage design and transportation options that reduce
the reliance on and number of solo car trips (this could
include mixed uses or locating and orienting close to
existing destinations)
• Identify ways to “right size” parking requirements and
promote alternative parking strategies (e.g. shared
parking or smart parking)
Consistent. The project is an infill, mixed-use project located
within an urbanized area and in close proximity to existing
residential and commercial development. The proposed project
would be within walking and biking distance of various
commercial uses. There is an existing bus stop to the northeast
of the project site across Live Oak Avenue. The project site fronts
existing sidewalks along Foothill Boulevard to the north, and the
project proposes a new sidewalk along Live Oak Avenue that
would add to the pedestrian accessibility of the area. The project
would provide bicycle parking spaces and in accordance with
2019 Title 24 standards and CALGreen Code, would have
approximately 53 spaces for future installation of electric vehicle
charging stations. Furthermore, the project would also include
approximately 5,600-square-foot indoor amenity space,
comprised of a 1,800-square-foot lobby/leasing office, a 1,375-
square-foot fitness center, a 1,700-square-foot clubroom, and a
720-square-foot business center. As a mixed-use project with
340 multi-family units, 1,500 square feet of commercial space,
and four live-work units, the project would promote connectivity
near destinations and mobility options and is consistent with this
reduction strategy.
Promote Diverse Housing Choices
Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 15
• Preserve and rehabilitate affordable housing and prevent
displacement
• Identify funding opportunities for new workforce and
affordable housing development
• Create incentives and reduce regulatory barriers for
building context sensitive accessory dwelling units to
increase housing supply
• Provide support to local jurisdictions to streamline and
lessen barriers to housing development that supports
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
Consistent. As previously discussed, the project is an infill,
mixed-use project with 340 multi-family units, 1,500 square feet
of commercial space, and four live-work units within an urbanized
area. As such, the project would support the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions associated with regional VMT and is
therefore consistent with this reduction strategy.
Leverage Technology Innovations
• Promote low emission technologies such as
neighborhood electric vehicles, shared rides hailing, car
sharing, bike sharing and scooters by providing
supportive and safe infrastructure such as dedicated
lanes, charging and parking/drop-off space
• Improve access to services through technology—such as
telework and telemedicine as well as other incentives
such as a “mobility wallet,” an app-based system for
storing transit and other multi-modal payments
• Identify ways to incorporate “micro-power grids” in
communities, for example solar energy, hydrogen fuel cell
power storage and power generation
Consistent. The project would have approximately 53 spaces for
future installation of electric vehicle charging stations. The project
would also include bike parking and storage in accordance with
the 2019 Title 24 standards and CALGreen Code. Therefore, the
proposed project would leverage technology innovations and
help the City, County, and State meet its GHG reduction goals.
The project would be consistent with this reduction strategy.
Support Implementation of Sustainability Policies
• Pursue funding opportunities to support local sustainable
development implementation projects that reduce
greenhouse gas emissions
• Support statewide legislation that reduces barriers to new
construction and that incentivizes development near
transit corridors and stations
• Support local jurisdictions in the establishment of
Enhanced Infrastructure Financing Districts (EIFDs),
Community Revitalization and Investment Authorities
(CRIAs), or other tax increment or value capture tools to
finance sustainable infrastructure and development
projects, including parks and open space
• Work with local jurisdictions/communities to identify
opportunities and assess barriers to implement
sustainability strategies
• Enhance partnerships with other planning organizations
to promote resources and best practices in the SCAG
region
• Continue to support long range planning efforts by local
jurisdictions
• Provide educational opportunities to local decisions
makers and staff on new tools, best practices and policies
related to implementing the Sustainable Communities
Strategy
Consistent. The proposed project would be a mixed-use project.
As previously discussed, the proposed project would promote
alternative modes of transportation as it would provide bicycle
parking and be located within one mile of a transit stop. These
features would potentially reduce fuel consumption and lower
GHG emissions. Further, the proposed project would comply with
sustainable practices such as installation of bike parking and
storage, enhanced insulated walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting,
energy efficient appliances, low-flow water fixtures, water-
efficient irrigation, and drought tolerant landscape. The project
would be designed to accommodate rooftop solar panels that
would promote the use of renewable energy. Additionally, the
project would emit GHGs less than 3,000 MTCO2e. Thus, the
proposed project would be consistent with this reduction strategy
as it would support long range planning efforts by SCAQMD.
Promote a Green Region
• Support development of local climate adaptation and
hazard mitigation plans, as well as project implementation
Consistent. The proposed project consists of an infill
development in an urbanized area and would therefore not
Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 16
Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update 2015-2035
As previously discussed, Chapter 10 and Chapter 12 of the General Plan Update outline the goals and
policies for resource efficiency and planning for climate change within the City. The Project’s consistency
with these goals and policies is discussed in Table 5, Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan
Update.
As depicted in Table 5, the proposed project would be consistent with the General Plan Update. The
project would comply with 2019 Title 24 energy efficiency standards; it is noted that the project would
reserve area on the roof for future solar panels and include the installation of enhanced insulated walls,
high efficiency (LED) lighting, energy efficient appliances, low-flow water fixtures, water-efficient
irrigation, and drought tolerant landscape. Further, the project would include bicycle racks and include
approximately 53 spaces for future installation of electric vehicle charging stations.
Table 5
Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update
Goals Project Consistency
Chapter 10, Infrastructure and Green Systems
Goal 7: Fontana is an energy-efficient
community.
Consistent. The project would incorporate sustainable building design features,
such as reserving area on the roof for future solar panels. The project would also
include the installation of enhanced insulated walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting,
and energy efficient appliances. As such, the project would be consistent with this
goal.
Chapter 12, Sustainability and Resilience
Goal 3: Renewable sources of energy,
including solar and wind, and other
energy-conservation strategies are
available to city households and
businesses.
Consistent. As discussed above, the project would incorporate sustainable
building design features, such as reserving area on the roof for future solar panels.
Furthermore, the electricity provider, SCE, is subject to California’s Renewables
Portfolio Standard (RPS). The RPS requires investor-owned utilities, electric
service providers, and community choice aggregators to increase procurement
from eligible renewable energy resources to 33 percent of total procurement by
2020 and to 60 percent of total procurement by 2030. As such, the project would
be consistent with this goal.
that improves community resiliency to climate change and
natural hazards
• Support local policies for renewable energy production,
reduction of urban heat islands and carbon sequestration
• Integrate local food production into the regional
landscape
• Promote more resource efficient development focused on
conservation, recycling and reclamation
• Preserve, enhance and restore regional wildlife
connectivity
• Reduce consumption of resource areas, including
agricultural land
• Identify ways to improve access to public park space
interfere with regional wildlife connectivity or consume
agricultural land. The project would also incorporate various open
space areas for the residents of the apartment complex, including
a total of five landscaped courtyards. The project would be
required to comply with 2019 Title 24 standards and CALGreen
Code, including incorporating source reduction techniques and
recycling measures and maintaining a recycling program to divert
waste, which would help reduce energy consumption and reduce
GHG emissions. Thus, the project would support efficient
development that reduces energy consumption and GHG
emissions. The project would be consistent with this reduction
strategy.
Source: Southern California Association of Governments, 2020-2040 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy –
Connect SoCal, September 3, 2020.
Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 17
Goal 5: Green building techniques are
used in new development and retrofits.
Consistent. The project would comply with 2019 Title 24 standards, which were
effective beginning January 1, 2020. Specifically, the project would reserve area
on the roof for future solar panels and install enhanced insulated walls, high
efficiency (LED) lighting, energy efficient appliances, low-flow water fixtures,
water-efficient irrigation, and drought tolerant landscape. The project would also
include approximately 53 spaces for future installation of electric vehicle charging
stations. As such, the project would be consistent with this goal.
Goal 6: Fontana is a leader [in] energy-
efficient development and retrofits.
Consistent. The project would incorporate sustainable building design features,
such as reserving area on the roof for future solar panels. The project would also
include the installation of enhanced insulated walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting,
and energy efficient appliances. As such, the project would be consistent with this
goal.
Source: City of Fontana, General Plan Update 2015-2035, November 13, 2018.
Conclusion
In summary, the plan consistency analysis provided above demonstrates that the proposed project
complies with or exceeds the plans, policies, regulations and GHG reduction actions/strategies outlined
in the City’s General Plan Update, SCAG 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, and CARB 2017 Scoping Plan. Therefore, the
project would not conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency adopted for the
purpose of reducing emissions of GHGs. Thus, as the project does not conflict with the City’s General Plan
Update, 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, or the 2017 Scoping Plan, the project specific impacts with regard to climate
change would be less than significant.
Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required.
Level of Significance: Less Than Significant Impact.
Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 18
REFERENCES
Documents
1. California Building Standards Commission, 2019 California Building Standards Code, July 1, 2019.
2. California Air Resources Board, California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2019, Trends of
Emissions and Other Indicators,
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/ca_ghg_inventory_trends_2000-2019.pdf,
July 28, 2021, accessed January 17, 2022.
3. California Air Resources Board, 2017 Scoping Plan, November 2017.
4. City of Fontana, General Plan General Plan Update 2015-2035, November 13, 2018.
5. Fehr & Peers, Alta Fontana Apartments Traffic Study Scoping Assessment, January 13, 2022.
6. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Carbon Dioxide Concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory,
https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/, accessed January 17, 2022.
7. Southern California Association of Governments, 2020-2040 Regional Transportation
Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy - Connect SoCal, September 3, 2020.
8. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Draft Guidance Document-Interim CEQA
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Threshold, October 2008.
9. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Website, Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator,
http://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator, accessed January 24,
2022.
Websites / Programs
1. Google Earth, 2022.
2. South Coast Air Quality Management District, California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod),
version 2020.4.0.
Appendix A
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data
Alta Fontana Mixed Use
San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
Project Characteristics -
Land Use - Total Lot Acreage is 8.8 Acre.
Construction Phase - Per Construction Questionnaire
Trips and VMT - Per Construction Questionnaire
Grading -
Architectural Coating - Per SCAQMD Rule 1113
Vehicle Trips - Per Traffic Study
Road Dust -
Area Coating - Per SCAQMD Rule 1113
1.1 Land Usage
Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population
Parking Lot 530.00 Space 3.00 212,000.00 0
City Park 2.52 Acre 1.77 109,771.20 0
Apartments Mid Rise 344.00 Dwelling Unit 4.00 344,000.00 984
Strip Mall 1.50 1000sqft 0.03 1,500.00 0
1.2 Other Project Characteristics
Urbanization
Climate Zone
Urban
10
Wind Speed (m/s)Precipitation Freq (Days)2.2 32
1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data
1.0 Project Characteristics
Utility Company Southern California Edison
2025Operational Year
CO2 Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
390.98 0.033CH4 Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
0.004N2O Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 1 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
Land Use Change -
Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Per SCAQMD Rule 403
Area Mitigation - SCAQMD Rule 445 prohibits the installation of any open or enclosed permanent wood-burning furnaces in new constructions. Thus, only
natural gas hearth would occur.
Energy Mitigation -
Water Mitigation -
Waste Mitigation - Per AB 341
Operational Off-Road Equipment -
Stationary Sources - Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps -
Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value
tblArchitecturalCoating EF_Nonresidential_Exterior 100.00 50.00
tblArchitecturalCoating EF_Nonresidential_Interior 100.00 50.00
tblArchitecturalCoating EF_Parking 100.00 50.00
tblAreaCoating Area_EF_Nonresidential_Exterior 100 50
tblAreaCoating Area_EF_Nonresidential_Interior 100 50
tblAreaCoating Area_EF_Parking 100 50
tblAreaMitigation UseLowVOCPaintParkingCheck False True
tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed 0 15
tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 44.00
tblConstructionPhase NumDays 230.00 528.00
tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 33.00
tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 22.00
tblGrading MaterialExported 0.00 2,600.00
tblGrading MaterialImported 0.00 22,870.00
tblLandUse LotAcreage 4.77 3.00
tblLandUse LotAcreage 2.52 1.77
tblLandUse LotAcreage 9.05 4.00
tblTripsAndVMT HaulingTripLength 20.00 10.00
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 2 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
2.0 Emissions Summary
tblTripsAndVMT HaulingTripLength 20.00 10.00
tblTripsAndVMT HaulingTripLength 20.00 10.00
tblTripsAndVMT HaulingTripLength 20.00 10.00
tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 4.91 4.54
tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 1.96 0.00
tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 42.04 54.67
tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 4.09 4.54
tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 2.19 0.00
tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 20.43 54.67
tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 5.44 4.54
tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 0.78 0.00
tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 44.32 54.67
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 3 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
2.1 Overall Construction
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year tons/yr MT/yr
2022 0.0611 0.5479 0.5482 1.5500e-
003
0.1486 0.0208 0.1694 0.0556 0.0194 0.0750 0.0000 143.1897 143.1897 0.0183 8.9300e-
003
146.3078
2023 0.4018 2.5666 4.0044 0.0105 0.6773 0.1014 0.7786 0.1881 0.0953 0.2834 0.0000 962.2484 962.2484 0.0935 0.0442 977.7540
2024 1.7194 2.3102 3.8371 9.9700e-
003
0.6067 0.0874 0.6941 0.1628 0.0822 0.2449 0.0000 913.5093 913.5093 0.0897 0.0387 927.2715
Maximum 1.7194 2.5666 4.0044 0.0105 0.6773 0.1014 0.7786 0.1881 0.0953 0.2834 0.0000 962.2484 962.2484 0.0935 0.0442 977.7540
Unmitigated Construction
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year tons/yr MT/yr
2022 0.0611 0.5479 0.5482 1.5500e-
003
0.0950 0.0208 0.1158 0.0313 0.0194 0.0507 0.0000 143.1896 143.1896 0.0183 8.9300e-
003
146.3077
2023 0.4018 2.5666 4.0044 0.0105 0.6445 0.1014 0.7459 0.1753 0.0953 0.2706 0.0000 962.2480 962.2480 0.0935 0.0442 977.7537
2024 1.7194 2.3102 3.8371 9.9700e-
003
0.6067 0.0874 0.6941 0.1628 0.0822 0.2449 0.0000 913.5089 913.5089 0.0897 0.0387 927.2711
Maximum 1.7194 2.5666 4.0044 0.0105 0.6445 0.1014 0.7459 0.1753 0.0953 0.2706 0.0000 962.2480 962.2480 0.0935 0.0442 977.7537
Mitigated Construction
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 4 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
Percent
Reduction
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.03 0.00 5.26 9.11 0.00 6.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Quarter Start Date End Date Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)
1 12-1-2022 2-28-2023 1.2242 1.2242
2 3-1-2023 5-31-2023 0.7122 0.7122
3 6-1-2023 8-31-2023 0.7104 0.7104
4 9-1-2023 11-30-2023 0.7062 0.7062
5 12-1-2023 2-29-2024 0.6818 0.6818
6 3-1-2024 5-31-2024 0.6720 0.6720
7 6-1-2024 8-31-2024 2.0233 2.0233
8 9-1-2024 9-30-2024 0.3359 0.3359
Highest 2.0233 2.0233
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 5 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
2.2 Overall Operational
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Area 3.0273 0.1301 5.7378 5.7700e-
003
0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 36.5394 76.0242 112.5636 0.1146 2.4800e-
003
116.1664
Energy 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e-
003
0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 522.1681 522.1681 0.0268 7.4800e-
003
525.0689
Mobile 0.8080 1.2713 8.4173 0.0191 2.0710 0.0153 2.0863 0.5532 0.0143 0.5675 0.0000 1,813.667
1
1,813.667
1
0.1003 0.0892 1,842.758
0
Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 32.4867 0.0000 32.4867 1.9199 0.0000 80.4844
Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.1459 85.9034 93.0493 0.7412 0.0182 117.0055
Total 3.8620 1.6295 14.2522 0.0264 2.0710 0.3819 2.4529 0.5532 0.3809 0.9341 76.1719 2,497.762
8
2,573.934
7
2.9028 0.1174 2,681.483
1
Unmitigated Operational
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 6 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
2.2 Overall Operational
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Area 1.9081 0.1051 3.5783 6.0000e-
004
0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0000 80.1546 80.1546 7.0100e-
003
1.3600e-
003
80.7360
Energy 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e-
003
0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 522.1681 522.1681 0.0268 7.4800e-
003
525.0689
Mobile 0.8080 1.2713 8.4173 0.0191 2.0710 0.0153 2.0863 0.5532 0.0143 0.5675 0.0000 1,813.667
1
1,813.667
1
0.1003 0.0892 1,842.758
0
Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 16.2433 0.0000 16.2433 0.9600 0.0000 40.2422
Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.7167 73.4335 79.1502 0.5934 0.0146 98.3395
Total 2.7428 1.6045 12.0928 0.0212 2.0710 0.0586 2.1296 0.5532 0.0576 0.6108 21.9600 2,489.423
2
2,511.383
3
1.6875 0.1127 2,587.144
5
Mitigated Operational
3.0 Construction Detail
Construction Phase
Phase
Number
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days
Week
Num Days Phase Description
1 Grading Grading 12/1/2022 1/16/2023 5 33
2 Building Construction Building Construction 12/1/2022 12/9/2024 5 528
3 Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 7/1/2024 8/29/2024 5 44
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
Percent
Reduction
28.98 1.54 15.15 19.61 0.00 84.65 13.18 0.00 84.87 34.61 71.17 0.33 2.43 41.87 4.01 3.52
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 7 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
4 Paving Paving 9/1/2024 10/1/2024 5 22
OffRoad Equipment
Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor
Grading Excavators 1 8.00 158 0.38
Grading Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40
Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8.00 97 0.37
Building Construction Cranes 1 7.00 231 0.29
Building Construction Forklifts 3 8.00 89 0.20
Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 84 0.74
Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7.00 97 0.37
Building Construction Welders 1 8.00 46 0.45
Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 78 0.48
Paving Pavers 2 8.00 130 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment 2 8.00 132 0.36
Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38
Trips and VMT
Phase Name Offroad Equipment
Count
Worker Trip
Number
Vendor Trip
Number
Hauling Trip
Number
Worker Trip
Length
Vendor Trip
Length
Hauling Trip
Length
Worker Vehicle
Class
Vendor
Vehicle Class
Hauling
Vehicle Class
Grading 6 15.00 0.00 3,184.00 14.70 6.90 10.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT
Building Construction 9 383.00 90.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 10.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT
Residential Indoor: 696,600; Residential Outdoor: 232,200; Non-Residential Indoor: 166,830; Non-Residential Outdoor: 55,610; Striped Parking
Area: 12,720 (Architectural Coating – sqft)
Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0
Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 33
Acres of Paving: 3
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 8 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.2 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 0.0852 0.0000 0.0852 0.0385 0.0000 0.0385 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Off-Road 0.0214 0.2294 0.1680 3.3000e-
004
0.0104 0.0104 9.5200e-
003
9.5200e-
003
0.0000 28.6602 28.6602 9.2700e-
003
0.0000 28.8920
Total 0.0214 0.2294 0.1680 3.3000e-
004
0.0852 0.0104 0.0955 0.0385 9.5200e-
003
0.0480 0.0000 28.6602 28.6602 9.2700e-
003
0.0000 28.8920
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction
Replace Ground Cover
Water Exposed Area
Reduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads
Architectural Coating 1 77.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 10.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT
Paving 6 15.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 10.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 9 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.2 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 2.6600e-
003
0.0882 0.0287 3.3000e-
004
9.1500e-
003
7.7000e-
004
9.9200e-
003
2.5100e-
003
7.4000e-
004
3.2500e-
003
0.0000 32.5571 32.5571 1.3600e-
003
5.1600e-
003
34.1281
Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Worker 6.2000e-
004
4.9000e-
004
5.8500e-
003
2.0000e-
005
1.8100e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8200e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.9000e-
004
0.0000 1.4512 1.4512 4.0000e-
005
4.0000e-
005
1.4647
Total 3.2800e-
003
0.0887 0.0346 3.5000e-
004
0.0110 7.8000e-
004
0.0117 2.9900e-
003
7.5000e-
004
3.7400e-
003
0.0000 34.0083 34.0083 1.4000e-
003
5.2000e-
003
35.5928
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 0.0316 0.0000 0.0316 0.0143 0.0000 0.0143 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Off-Road 0.0214 0.2294 0.1680 3.3000e-
004
0.0104 0.0104 9.5200e-
003
9.5200e-
003
0.0000 28.6602 28.6602 9.2700e-
003
0.0000 28.8919
Total 0.0214 0.2294 0.1680 3.3000e-
004
0.0316 0.0104 0.0419 0.0143 9.5200e-
003
0.0238 0.0000 28.6602 28.6602 9.2700e-
003
0.0000 28.8919
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 10 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.2 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 2.6600e-
003
0.0882 0.0287 3.3000e-
004
9.1500e-
003
7.7000e-
004
9.9200e-
003
2.5100e-
003
7.4000e-
004
3.2500e-
003
0.0000 32.5571 32.5571 1.3600e-
003
5.1600e-
003
34.1281
Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Worker 6.2000e-
004
4.9000e-
004
5.8500e-
003
2.0000e-
005
1.8100e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8200e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.9000e-
004
0.0000 1.4512 1.4512 4.0000e-
005
4.0000e-
005
1.4647
Total 3.2800e-
003
0.0887 0.0346 3.5000e-
004
0.0110 7.8000e-
004
0.0117 2.9900e-
003
7.5000e-
004
3.7400e-
003
0.0000 34.0083 34.0083 1.4000e-
003
5.2000e-
003
35.5928
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.2 Grading - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 0.0521 0.0000 0.0521 0.0203 0.0000 0.0203 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Off-Road 9.4100e-
003
0.0987 0.0811 1.6000e-
004
4.2600e-
003
4.2600e-
003
3.9200e-
003
3.9200e-
003
0.0000 14.3333 14.3333 4.6400e-
003
0.0000 14.4492
Total 9.4100e-
003
0.0987 0.0811 1.6000e-
004
0.0521 4.2600e-
003
0.0563 0.0203 3.9200e-
003
0.0242 0.0000 14.3333 14.3333 4.6400e-
003
0.0000 14.4492
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 11 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.2 Grading - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 9.6000e-
004
0.0365 0.0141 1.6000e-
004
4.5800e-
003
3.1000e-
004
4.8900e-
003
1.2600e-
003
3.0000e-
004
1.5500e-
003
0.0000 15.5703 15.5703 6.5000e-
004
2.4700e-
003
16.3217
Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Worker 2.9000e-
004
2.1000e-
004
2.6800e-
003
1.0000e-
005
9.0000e-
004
0.0000 9.1000e-
004
2.4000e-
004
0.0000 2.4000e-
004
0.0000 0.7065 0.7065 2.0000e-
005
2.0000e-
005
0.7127
Total 1.2500e-
003
0.0367 0.0167 1.7000e-
004
5.4800e-
003
3.1000e-
004
5.8000e-
003
1.5000e-
003
3.0000e-
004
1.7900e-
003
0.0000 16.2768 16.2768 6.7000e-
004
2.4900e-
003
17.0344
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 0.0193 0.0000 0.0193 7.5300e-
003
0.0000 7.5300e-
003
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Off-Road 9.4100e-
003
0.0987 0.0811 1.6000e-
004
4.2600e-
003
4.2600e-
003
3.9200e-
003
3.9200e-
003
0.0000 14.3333 14.3333 4.6400e-
003
0.0000 14.4492
Total 9.4100e-
003
0.0987 0.0811 1.6000e-
004
0.0193 4.2600e-
003
0.0236 7.5300e-
003
3.9200e-
003
0.0115 0.0000 14.3333 14.3333 4.6400e-
003
0.0000 14.4492
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 12 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.2 Grading - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 9.6000e-
004
0.0365 0.0141 1.6000e-
004
4.5800e-
003
3.1000e-
004
4.8900e-
003
1.2600e-
003
3.0000e-
004
1.5500e-
003
0.0000 15.5703 15.5703 6.5000e-
004
2.4700e-
003
16.3217
Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Worker 2.9000e-
004
2.1000e-
004
2.6800e-
003
1.0000e-
005
9.0000e-
004
0.0000 9.1000e-
004
2.4000e-
004
0.0000 2.4000e-
004
0.0000 0.7065 0.7065 2.0000e-
005
2.0000e-
005
0.7127
Total 1.2500e-
003
0.0367 0.0167 1.7000e-
004
5.4800e-
003
3.1000e-
004
5.8000e-
003
1.5000e-
003
3.0000e-
004
1.7900e-
003
0.0000 16.2768 16.2768 6.7000e-
004
2.4900e-
003
17.0344
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.3 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0188 0.1718 0.1800 3.0000e-
004
8.9000e-
003
8.9000e-
003
8.3700e-
003
8.3700e-
003
0.0000 25.4898 25.4898 6.1100e-
003
0.0000 25.6424
Total 0.0188 0.1718 0.1800 3.0000e-
004
8.9000e-
003
8.9000e-
003
8.3700e-
003
8.3700e-
003
0.0000 25.4898 25.4898 6.1100e-
003
0.0000 25.6424
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 13 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.3 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 1.6900e-
003
0.0456 0.0162 1.8000e-
004
6.2400e-
003
5.2000e-
004
6.7600e-
003
1.8000e-
003
4.9000e-
004
2.3000e-
003
0.0000 17.9768 17.9768 4.8000e-
004
2.6600e-
003
18.7823
Worker 0.0159 0.0125 0.1495 4.0000e-
004
0.0462 2.5000e-
004
0.0464 0.0123 2.3000e-
004
0.0125 0.0000 37.0546 37.0546 1.0600e-
003
1.0600e-
003
37.3983
Total 0.0176 0.0581 0.1657 5.8000e-
004
0.0524 7.7000e-
004
0.0532 0.0141 7.2000e-
004
0.0148 0.0000 55.0314 55.0314 1.5400e-
003
3.7200e-
003
56.1806
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0188 0.1718 0.1800 3.0000e-
004
8.9000e-
003
8.9000e-
003
8.3700e-
003
8.3700e-
003
0.0000 25.4898 25.4898 6.1100e-
003
0.0000 25.6424
Total 0.0188 0.1718 0.1800 3.0000e-
004
8.9000e-
003
8.9000e-
003
8.3700e-
003
8.3700e-
003
0.0000 25.4898 25.4898 6.1100e-
003
0.0000 25.6424
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 14 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.3 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 1.6900e-
003
0.0456 0.0162 1.8000e-
004
6.2400e-
003
5.2000e-
004
6.7600e-
003
1.8000e-
003
4.9000e-
004
2.3000e-
003
0.0000 17.9768 17.9768 4.8000e-
004
2.6600e-
003
18.7823
Worker 0.0159 0.0125 0.1495 4.0000e-
004
0.0462 2.5000e-
004
0.0464 0.0123 2.3000e-
004
0.0125 0.0000 37.0546 37.0546 1.0600e-
003
1.0600e-
003
37.3983
Total 0.0176 0.0581 0.1657 5.8000e-
004
0.0524 7.7000e-
004
0.0532 0.0141 7.2000e-
004
0.0148 0.0000 55.0314 55.0314 1.5400e-
003
3.7200e-
003
56.1806
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.3 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.2045 1.8700 2.1117 3.5000e-
003
0.0910 0.0910 0.0856 0.0856 0.0000 301.3462 301.3462 0.0717 0.0000 303.1383
Total 0.2045 1.8700 2.1117 3.5000e-
003
0.0910 0.0910 0.0856 0.0856 0.0000 301.3462 301.3462 0.0717 0.0000 303.1383
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 15 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.3 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 0.0132 0.4317 0.1748 2.1000e-
003
0.0738 3.0900e-
003
0.0769 0.0213 2.9600e-
003
0.0243 0.0000 203.9111 203.9111 5.3100e-
003
0.0301 213.0239
Worker 0.1735 0.1295 1.6201 4.5900e-
003
0.5459 2.7500e-
003
0.5487 0.1450 2.5300e-
003
0.1475 0.0000 426.3810 426.3810 0.0112 0.0116 430.1082
Total 0.1867 0.5612 1.7948 6.6900e-
003
0.6197 5.8400e-
003
0.6256 0.1663 5.4900e-
003
0.1718 0.0000 630.2921 630.2921 0.0165 0.0417 643.1321
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.2045 1.8700 2.1117 3.5000e-
003
0.0910 0.0910 0.0856 0.0856 0.0000 301.3458 301.3458 0.0717 0.0000 303.1380
Total 0.2045 1.8700 2.1117 3.5000e-
003
0.0910 0.0910 0.0856 0.0856 0.0000 301.3458 301.3458 0.0717 0.0000 303.1380
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 16 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.3 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 0.0132 0.4317 0.1748 2.1000e-
003
0.0738 3.0900e-
003
0.0769 0.0213 2.9600e-
003
0.0243 0.0000 203.9111 203.9111 5.3100e-
003
0.0301 213.0239
Worker 0.1735 0.1295 1.6201 4.5900e-
003
0.5459 2.7500e-
003
0.5487 0.1450 2.5300e-
003
0.1475 0.0000 426.3810 426.3810 0.0112 0.0116 430.1082
Total 0.1867 0.5612 1.7948 6.6900e-
003
0.6197 5.8400e-
003
0.6256 0.1663 5.4900e-
003
0.1718 0.0000 630.2921 630.2921 0.0165 0.0417 643.1321
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.3 Building Construction - 2024
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.1810 1.6536 1.9885 3.3200e-
003
0.0754 0.0754 0.0710 0.0710 0.0000 285.1744 285.1744 0.0674 0.0000 286.8603
Total 0.1810 1.6536 1.9885 3.3200e-
003
0.0754 0.0754 0.0710 0.0710 0.0000 285.1744 285.1744 0.0674 0.0000 286.8603
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 17 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.3 Building Construction - 2024
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 0.0122 0.4121 0.1626 1.9600e-
003
0.0698 2.8800e-
003
0.0727 0.0202 2.7500e-
003
0.0229 0.0000 190.2751 190.2751 4.8700e-
003
0.0281 198.7747
Worker 0.1527 0.1087 1.4288 4.2200e-
003
0.5165 2.5000e-
003
0.5190 0.1372 2.3000e-
003
0.1395 0.0000 394.8327 394.8327 9.6000e-
003
0.0101 398.0947
Total 0.1649 0.5208 1.5915 6.1800e-
003
0.5864 5.3800e-
003
0.5917 0.1573 5.0500e-
003
0.1624 0.0000 585.1078 585.1078 0.0145 0.0383 596.8694
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.1810 1.6536 1.9885 3.3100e-
003
0.0754 0.0754 0.0710 0.0710 0.0000 285.1741 285.1741 0.0674 0.0000 286.8600
Total 0.1810 1.6536 1.9885 3.3100e-
003
0.0754 0.0754 0.0710 0.0710 0.0000 285.1741 285.1741 0.0674 0.0000 286.8600
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 18 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.3 Building Construction - 2024
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 0.0122 0.4121 0.1626 1.9600e-
003
0.0698 2.8800e-
003
0.0727 0.0202 2.7500e-
003
0.0229 0.0000 190.2751 190.2751 4.8700e-
003
0.0281 198.7747
Worker 0.1527 0.1087 1.4288 4.2200e-
003
0.5165 2.5000e-
003
0.5190 0.1372 2.3000e-
003
0.1395 0.0000 394.8327 394.8327 9.6000e-
003
0.0101 398.0947
Total 0.1649 0.5208 1.5915 6.1800e-
003
0.5864 5.3800e-
003
0.5917 0.1573 5.0500e-
003
0.1624 0.0000 585.1078 585.1078 0.0145 0.0383 596.8694
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.4 Architectural Coating - 2024
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Archit. Coating 1.3487 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Off-Road 3.9800e-
003
0.0268 0.0398 7.0000e-
005
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
0.0000 5.6172 5.6172 3.2000e-
004
0.0000 5.6251
Total 1.3527 0.0268 0.0398 7.0000e-
005
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
0.0000 5.6172 5.6172 3.2000e-
004
0.0000 5.6251
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 19 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.4 Architectural Coating - 2024
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Worker 5.4900e-
003
3.9100e-
003
0.0514 1.5000e-
004
0.0186 9.0000e-
005
0.0187 4.9300e-
003
8.0000e-
005
5.0200e-
003
0.0000 14.1979 14.1979 3.5000e-
004
3.6000e-
004
14.3152
Total 5.4900e-
003
3.9100e-
003
0.0514 1.5000e-
004
0.0186 9.0000e-
005
0.0187 4.9300e-
003
8.0000e-
005
5.0200e-
003
0.0000 14.1979 14.1979 3.5000e-
004
3.6000e-
004
14.3152
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Archit. Coating 1.3487 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Off-Road 3.9800e-
003
0.0268 0.0398 7.0000e-
005
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
0.0000 5.6172 5.6172 3.2000e-
004
0.0000 5.6251
Total 1.3527 0.0268 0.0398 7.0000e-
005
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
1.3400e-
003
0.0000 5.6172 5.6172 3.2000e-
004
0.0000 5.6251
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 20 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.4 Architectural Coating - 2024
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Worker 5.4900e-
003
3.9100e-
003
0.0514 1.5000e-
004
0.0186 9.0000e-
005
0.0187 4.9300e-
003
8.0000e-
005
5.0200e-
003
0.0000 14.1979 14.1979 3.5000e-
004
3.6000e-
004
14.3152
Total 5.4900e-
003
3.9100e-
003
0.0514 1.5000e-
004
0.0186 9.0000e-
005
0.0187 4.9300e-
003
8.0000e-
005
5.0200e-
003
0.0000 14.1979 14.1979 3.5000e-
004
3.6000e-
004
14.3152
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
3.5 Paving - 2024
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0109 0.1048 0.1609 2.5000e-
004
5.1500e-
003
5.1500e-
003
4.7400e-
003
4.7400e-
003
0.0000 22.0292 22.0292 7.1200e-
003
0.0000 22.2073
Paving 3.9300e-
003
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 0.0148 0.1048 0.1609 2.5000e-
004
5.1500e-
003
5.1500e-
003
4.7400e-
003
4.7400e-
003
0.0000 22.0292 22.0292 7.1200e-
003
0.0000 22.2073
Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 21 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.5 Paving - 2024
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Worker 5.3000e-
004
3.8000e-
004
5.0000e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8100e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8200e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.9000e-
004
0.0000 1.3829 1.3829 3.0000e-
005
4.0000e-
005
1.3943
Total 5.3000e-
004
3.8000e-
004
5.0000e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8100e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8200e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.9000e-
004
0.0000 1.3829 1.3829 3.0000e-
005
4.0000e-
005
1.3943
Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0109 0.1048 0.1609 2.5000e-
004
5.1500e-
003
5.1500e-
003
4.7400e-
003
4.7400e-
003
0.0000 22.0292 22.0292 7.1200e-
003
0.0000 22.2073
Paving 3.9300e-
003
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 0.0148 0.1048 0.1609 2.5000e-
004
5.1500e-
003
5.1500e-
003
4.7400e-
003
4.7400e-
003
0.0000 22.0292 22.0292 7.1200e-
003
0.0000 22.2073
Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 22 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
3.5 Paving - 2024
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Worker 5.3000e-
004
3.8000e-
004
5.0000e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8100e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8200e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.9000e-
004
0.0000 1.3829 1.3829 3.0000e-
005
4.0000e-
005
1.3943
Total 5.3000e-
004
3.8000e-
004
5.0000e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8100e-
003
1.0000e-
005
1.8200e-
003
4.8000e-
004
1.0000e-
005
4.9000e-
004
0.0000 1.3829 1.3829 3.0000e-
005
4.0000e-
005
1.3943
Mitigated Construction Off-Site
4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile
4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 23 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Mitigated 0.8080 1.2713 8.4173 0.0191 2.0710 0.0153 2.0863 0.5532 0.0143 0.5675 0.0000 1,813.667
1
1,813.667
1
0.1003 0.0892 1,842.758
0
Unmitigated 0.8080 1.2713 8.4173 0.0191 2.0710 0.0153 2.0863 0.5532 0.0143 0.5675 0.0000 1,813.667
1
1,813.667
1
0.1003 0.0892 1,842.758
0
4.2 Trip Summary Information
4.3 Trip Type Information
Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated
Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT Annual VMT
Apartments Mid Rise 1,561.76 1,561.76 1561.76 5,336,771 5,336,771
City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00
Strip Mall 82.01 82.01 82.01 156,022 156,022
Total 1,643.77 1,643.77 1,643.77 5,492,794 5,492,794
Miles Trip %Trip Purpose %
Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by
Apartments Mid Rise 14.70 5.90 8.70 40.20 19.20 40.60 86 11 3
City Park 16.60 8.40 6.90 33.00 48.00 19.00 66 28 6
Parking Lot 16.60 8.40 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0
Strip Mall 16.60 8.40 6.90 16.60 64.40 19.00 45 40 15
4.4 Fleet Mix
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 24 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH
Apartments Mid Rise 0.543085 0.056300 0.173085 0.134258 0.025645 0.007009 0.011926 0.017481 0.000552 0.000248 0.024848 0.000956 0.004606
City Park 0.543085 0.056300 0.173085 0.134258 0.025645 0.007009 0.011926 0.017481 0.000552 0.000248 0.024848 0.000956 0.004606
Parking Lot 0.543085 0.056300 0.173085 0.134258 0.025645 0.007009 0.011926 0.017481 0.000552 0.000248 0.024848 0.000956 0.004606
Strip Mall 0.543085 0.056300 0.173085 0.134258 0.025645 0.007009 0.011926 0.017481 0.000552 0.000248 0.024848 0.000956 0.004606
5.0 Energy Detail
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Electricity
Mitigated
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 257.9763 257.9763 0.0218 2.6400e-
003
259.3072
Electricity
Unmitigated
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 257.9763 257.9763 0.0218 2.6400e-
003
259.3072
NaturalGas
Mitigated
0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e-
003
0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.1918 264.1918 5.0600e-
003
4.8400e-
003
265.7617
NaturalGas
Unmitigated
0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e-
003
0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.1918 264.1918 5.0600e-
003
4.8400e-
003
265.7617
5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy
Historical Energy Use: N
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 25 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr
Apartments Mid
Rise
4.94747e
+006
0.0267 0.2280 0.0970 1.4600e-
003
0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.0157 264.0157 5.0600e-
003
4.8400e-
003
265.5846
City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Strip Mall 3300 2.0000e-
005
1.6000e-
004
1.4000e-
004
0.0000 1.0000e-
005
1.0000e-
005
1.0000e-
005
1.0000e-
005
0.0000 0.1761 0.1761 0.0000 0.0000 0.1772
Total 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e-
003
0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.1918 264.1918 5.0600e-
003
4.8400e-
003
265.7617
Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 26 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr
Apartments Mid
Rise
4.94747e
+006
0.0267 0.2280 0.0970 1.4600e-
003
0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.0157 264.0157 5.0600e-
003
4.8400e-
003
265.5846
City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Strip Mall 3300 2.0000e-
005
1.6000e-
004
1.4000e-
004
0.0000 1.0000e-
005
1.0000e-
005
1.0000e-
005
1.0000e-
005
0.0000 0.1761 0.1761 0.0000 0.0000 0.1772
Total 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e-
003
0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.1918 264.1918 5.0600e-
003
4.8400e-
003
265.7617
Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 27 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity
Electricity
Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr
Apartments Mid
Rise
1.36224e
+006
241.5878 0.0204 2.4700e-
003
242.8341
City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Parking Lot 74200 13.1590 1.1100e-
003
1.3000e-
004
13.2269
Strip Mall 18210 3.2295 2.7000e-
004
3.0000e-
005
3.2461
Total 257.9763 0.0218 2.6300e-
003
259.3072
Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 28 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
Use Low VOC Paint - Residential Interior
Use Low VOC Paint - Residential Exterior
Use Low VOC Paint - Non-Residential Interior
Use Low VOC Paint - Non-Residential Exterior
Use only Natural Gas Hearths
6.1 Mitigation Measures Area
6.0 Area Detail
5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity
Electricity
Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr
Apartments Mid
Rise
1.36224e
+006
241.5878 0.0204 2.4700e-
003
242.8341
City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Parking Lot 74200 13.1590 1.1100e-
003
1.3000e-
004
13.2269
Strip Mall 18210 3.2295 2.7000e-
004
3.0000e-
005
3.2461
Total 257.9763 0.0218 2.6300e-
003
259.3072
Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 29 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Mitigated 1.9081 0.1051 3.5783 6.0000e-
004
0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0000 80.1546 80.1546 7.0100e-
003
1.3600e-
003
80.7360
Unmitigated 3.0273 0.1301 5.7378 5.7700e-
003
0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 36.5394 76.0242 112.5636 0.1146 2.4800e-
003
116.1664
6.2 Area by SubCategory
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr
Architectural
Coating
0.1349 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Consumer
Products
1.6586 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Hearth 1.1268 0.0892 2.1868 5.5800e-
003
0.3285 0.3285 0.3285 0.3285 36.5394 70.2161 106.7555 0.1090 2.4800e-
003
110.2187
Landscaping 0.1070 0.0409 3.5510 1.9000e-
004
0.0197 0.0197 0.0197 0.0197 0.0000 5.8081 5.8081 5.5800e-
003
0.0000 5.9477
Total 3.0273 0.1301 5.7378 5.7700e-
003
0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 36.5394 76.0242 112.5636 0.1146 2.4800e-
003
116.1664
Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 30 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
Install Low Flow Bathroom Faucet
Install Low Flow Kitchen Faucet
Install Low Flow Toilet
Install Low Flow Shower
Use Water Efficient Irrigation System
Use Water Efficient Landscaping
7.1 Mitigation Measures Water
7.0 Water Detail
6.2 Area by SubCategory
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr
Architectural
Coating
0.1349 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Consumer
Products
1.6586 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Hearth 7.5100e-
003
0.0642 0.0273 4.1000e-
004
5.1900e-
003
5.1900e-
003
5.1900e-
003
5.1900e-
003
0.0000 74.3465 74.3465 1.4200e-
003
1.3600e-
003
74.7883
Landscaping 0.1070 0.0409 3.5510 1.9000e-
004
0.0197 0.0197 0.0197 0.0197 0.0000 5.8081 5.8081 5.5800e-
003
0.0000 5.9477
Total 1.9081 0.1051 3.5783 6.0000e-
004
0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0000 80.1546 80.1546 7.0000e-
003
1.3600e-
003
80.7360
Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 31 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category MT/yr
Mitigated 79.1502 0.5934 0.0146 98.3395
Unmitigated 93.0493 0.7412 0.0182 117.0055
7.2 Water by Land Use
Indoor/Out
door Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use Mgal MT/yr
Apartments Mid
Rise
22.413 /
14.1299
86.7074 0.7371 0.0181 110.5151
City Park 0 /
3.00253
5.9159 5.0000e-
004
6.0000e-
005
5.9464
Parking Lot 0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Strip Mall 0.111109 /
0.0680989
0.4260 3.6500e-
003
9.0000e-
005
0.5440
Total 93.0493 0.7412 0.0182 117.0055
Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 32 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
7.2 Water by Land Use
Indoor/Out
door Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use Mgal MT/yr
Apartments Mid
Rise
17.9304 /
13.268
73.2357 0.5900 0.0145 92.3018
City Park 0 /
2.81938
5.5551 4.7000e-
004
6.0000e-
005
5.5837
Parking Lot 0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Strip Mall 0.088887 /
0.0639449
0.3595 2.9200e-
003
7.0000e-
005
0.4540
Total 79.1502 0.5934 0.0146 98.3395
Mitigated
8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste
Institute Recycling and Composting Services
8.0 Waste Detail
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 33 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
MT/yr
Mitigated 16.2433 0.9600 0.0000 40.2422
Unmitigated 32.4867 1.9199 0.0000 80.4844
Category/Year
8.2 Waste by Land Use
Waste
Disposed
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use tons MT/yr
Apartments Mid
Rise
158.24 32.1213 1.8983 0.0000 79.5791
City Park 0.22 0.0447 2.6400e-
003
0.0000 0.1106
Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Strip Mall 1.58 0.3207 0.0190 0.0000 0.7946
Total 32.4867 1.9199 0.0000 80.4844
Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 34 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
8.2 Waste by Land Use
Waste
Disposed
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use tons MT/yr
Apartments Mid
Rise
79.12 16.0606 0.9492 0.0000 39.7896
City Park 0.11 0.0223 1.3200e-
003
0.0000 0.0553
Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Strip Mall 0.79 0.1604 9.4800e-
003
0.0000 0.3973
Total 16.2433 0.9600 0.0000 40.2422
Mitigated
9.0 Operational Offroad
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type
10.0 Stationary Equipment
Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type
Boilers
Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type
User Defined Equipment
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 35 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied
11.0 Vegetation
Equipment Type Number
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 36 of 36
Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual
EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied