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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix G - Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration APPENDIX G GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM M E M O R A N D U M To: City of Fontana CC: CRP/WP Alta Fontana Venture, L.L.C. From: Zhe Chen, Michael Baker International Winnie Woo, Michael Baker International Date: April 21, 2022 Subject: Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project – Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum PURPOSE The purpose of this technical memorandum is to evaluate potential greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts that would result from the construction and operation of the proposed Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project (project), located in the City of Fontana (City), California. PROJECT LOCATION The project site is located at 14817 Foothill Boulevard and is bound by Foothill Boulevard to the north, Live Oak Avenue to the east, single-family residences to the south, and a shopping plaza and multi-family residences to the west. Regional access to the site is available via Interstate 15 (I-15) at the Foothill Boulevard exit, approximately three miles west of the project site. Local access to the site is provided via Foothill Boulevard and Live Oak Avenue. The project site comprises two parcels (Assessor’s Parcel Numbers [APN] 0230-071-03 and 0230-071-04). EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS The project site is approximately 8.8 acres (9.5 gross acres with road improvements and sidewalks) and currently consist of undeveloped vacant land. Grasses and weeds cover much of the project site. No existing structures are present on-site; however, an area in the northeastern portion of the project site contains a slab foundation of a former structure. The project site topography is generally flat with a slight regional slope to the southwest. The project site is located in the northern portion of the Upper Santa Ana Valley, which is a broad downwarped (i.e., downward and depressed) area encompassing approximately 50 miles, at an elevation of approximately 1,240 to 1,245 feet, an approximate elevation difference of 5 feet. Overhead electrical lines are present at the north-central portion of the site. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 2 The project site is designated Multi-Family High Residential (R-MFH) by the City of Fontana General Plan Land Use Map.1 The project site is zoned Multi-Family High Density Residential (R5) by the City of Fontana Zoning District Map.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed project includes construction of a mixed-use residential apartment complex with 340 multi- family units, 1,500 square feet of commercial space, and four live-work units. The mixed-use residential apartment complex would consist of two four-story buildings. The 340 multi-family apartment units would be either 1, 2, or 3 bedrooms, ranging in size from 726 square feet to 1,388 square feet. The four live- work units would each be approximately 1,492 square feet. Additionally, the project would include the construction of 529 surface parking spaces, including 9 commercial parking spaces, located in the western, central, and southern portions of the project site. The project would also include approximately 5,600-square-foot indoor amenity space, comprised of a 1,800-square-foot lobby/leasing office, a 1,375-square-foot fitness center, a 1,700-square-foot clubroom, and a 720-square-foot business center in the northern building. The northern building would have two landscaped courtyards, with one containing a pool and spa, and the southern building would have three landscaped courtyards. The courtyards would contain a barbecue facility equipped with a grill and picnic benches and children’s tot lot with play equipment. Construction of the proposed project is anticipated to begin in December 2022 and would take approximately 26 months to complete, concluding in January 2025. Construction activities would occur from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday and 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Saturday, except for purposes of emergencies. The construction period would include demolition, excavation, grading, trenching, installation of utilities, building construction, architectural coating, paving activities, and installation of landscaping and hardscape elements. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE The natural process through which heat is retained in the troposphere is called the “greenhouse effect.”3 The greenhouse effect traps heat in the troposphere through a threefold process as follows: short wave radiation emitted by the sun is absorbed by the Earth; the Earth emits a portion of this energy in the form of long wave radiation; and GHGs in the upper atmosphere absorb this long wave radiation and emit this long wave radiation into space and toward the Earth. This “trapping” of the long wave (thermal) radiation emitted back toward the Earth is the underlying process of the greenhouse effect. California is a substantial contributor of global GHGs, emitting approximately 418 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2e) per year.4 A carbon dioxide equivalent is defined as the number of metric tons of CO2 emissions with the same global warming potential as one metric ton of another GHG. 1 City of Fontana, General Plan Land Use Map, March 3, 2021. 2 City of Fontana, Zoning District Map, March 3, 2021. 3 The troposphere is the bottom layer of the atmosphere, which varies in height from the Earth’s surface to 10 to 12 kilometers. 4 California Air Resources Board, California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2019, Trends of Emissions and Other Indicators, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/ca_ghg_inventory_trends_2000-2019.pdf, July 28, 2021, accessed January 17, 2022. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 3 Methane (CH4) is also an important GHG that potentially contributes to global climate change. GHGs are global in their effect, which is to increase the earth’s ability to absorb heat in the atmosphere. As primary GHGs have a long lifetime in the atmosphere, accumulate over time, and are generally well-mixed, their impact on the atmosphere is mostly independent of the point of emission. Every nation emits GHGs and as a result makes an incremental cumulative contribution to global climate change; therefore, global cooperation will be required to reduce the rate of GHG emissions enough to slow or stop the human- caused increase in average global temperatures and associated changes in climatic conditions. The impact of human activities on global climate change is apparent in the observational record. Air trapped by ice has been extracted from core samples taken from polar ice sheets to determine the global atmospheric variation of CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide (N2O) from before the start of industrialization (approximately 1750), to over 650,000 years ago. For that period, it was found that CO2 concentrations ranged from 180 to 300 parts per million (ppm). For the period from approximately 1750 to the present, global CO2 concentrations increased from a pre-industrialization period concentration of 280 to 379 ppm in 2005, with the 2005 value far exceeding the upper end of the pre-industrial period range. As of January 2022, the highest monthly average concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was recorded at 418 ppm.5 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) constructed several emission trajectories of GHGs needed to stabilize global temperatures and climate change impacts. It concluded that a stabilization of GHGs at 400 to 450 ppm carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)6 concentration is required to keep global mean warming below 2 degrees Celsius (ᵒC), which in turn is assumed to be necessary to avoid dangerous climate change. REGULATORY SETTING Federal To date, no national standards have been established for nationwide GHG reduction targets, nor have any regulations or legislation been enacted specifically to address climate change and GHG emissions reduction at the project level. Various efforts, summarized below, have been promulgated at the federal level to improve fuel economy and energy efficiency to address climate change and its associated effects. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (December 2007), among other key measures, requires the following, which would aid in the reduction of national GHG emissions: • Increase the supply of alternative fuel sources by setting a mandatory Renewable Fuel Standard requiring fuel producers to use at least 36 billion gallons of biofuel in 2022. • Set a target of 35 miles per gallon for the combined fleet of cars and light trucks by model year 2020 and direct the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to establish a fuel economy program for medium- and heavy-duty trucks and create a separate fuel economy standard for work trucks. 5 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Carbon Dioxide Concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory, https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/, accessed January 17, 2022. 6 Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e) – A metric measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases based upon their global warming potential. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 4 • Prescribe or revise standards affecting regional efficiency for heating and cooling products and procedures for new or amended standards, energy conservation, energy efficiency labeling for consumer electronic products, residential boiler efficiency, electric motor efficiency, and home appliances. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Endangerment Finding. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) authority to regulate GHG emissions stems from the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Massachusetts v. EPA (2007). The Supreme Court ruled that GHGs meet the definition of air pollutants under the existing Clean Air Act and must be regulated if these gases could be reasonably anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. Responding to the Court’s ruling, the EPA finalized an endangerment finding in December 2009. Based on scientific evidence it found that six GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, hydrofluorocarbons [HFCs], perfluorocarbons [PFCs], and sulfur hexafluoride [SF6]) constitute a threat to public health and welfare. Thus, it is the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the existing Act and the EPA’s assessment of the scientific evidence that form the basis for the EPA’s regulatory actions. Presidential Executive Order 13783. Presidential Executive Order 13783, Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth (March 28, 2017), orders all federal agencies to apply cost-benefit analyses to regulations of GHG emissions and evaluations of the social cost of carbon, nitrous oxide, and methane. State The State of California has adopted various administrative initiatives and legislation related to climate change, much of which set aggressive goals for GHG emissions reductions statewide. Although lead agencies must evaluate GHG emissions of projects and their effects on climate change as required by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), the CEQA Guidelines do not require or suggest specific methodologies for performing an assessment or specific thresholds of significance, and do not specify GHG reduction mitigation measures. Instead, the CEQA Guidelines allow lead agencies to choose methodologies and make significance determinations based on substantial evidence, as discussed in further detail below. No state agency has promulgated binding regulations for analyzing GHG emissions, determining their significance, or mitigating significant effects in CEQA documents. Thus, lead agencies exercise their discretion in determining how to analyze GHGs. California Global Warming Solutions Act (Assembly Bill 32). The primary act that has driven GHG regulation and analysis in California is the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Assembly Bill [AB] 32) (Health and Safety Code Sections 38500, 38501, 28510, 38530, 38550, 38560, 38561–38565, 38570, 38571, 38574, 38580, 38590, 38592–38599), which instructs the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop and enforce regulations for the reporting and verifying of statewide GHG emissions. The act directed CARB to set a GHG emissions limit based on 1990 levels, to be achieved by 2020. The bill set a timeline for adopting a scoping plan for achieving GHG reductions in a technologically and economically feasible manner. The heart of the bill is the requirement that statewide GHG emissions be reduced to 1990 levels by 2020. CARB Scoping Plan. On December 11, 2008, CARB adopted its Scoping Plan, which functions as a roadmap to achieve GHG reductions in California required by AB 32 through subsequently enacted regulations. CARB’s Scoping Plan contains the main strategies California will implement to reduce GHG emissions by 174 MMTCO2e, or approximately 30 percent, from the State’s projected 2020 emissions level of 596 Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 5 MMTCO2e under a business-as-usual (BAU)7 scenario. This is a reduction of 42 MMTCO2e, or almost ten percent, from 2002 to 2004 average emissions, but requires the reductions in the face of population and economic growth through 2020. CARB’s Scoping Plan calculates 2020 BAU emissions as the emissions that would be expected to occur in the absence of any GHG reduction measures. The 2020 BAU emissions estimate was derived by projecting emissions from a past baseline year using growth factors specific to each of the different economic sectors (e.g., transportation, electrical power, commercial and residential, industrial, etc.). CARB used three-year average emissions by sector for 2002 to 2004 to forecast emissions to 2020. The measures described in CARB’s Scoping Plan are intended to reduce the projected 2020 BAU to 1990 levels, as required by AB 32. AB 32 requires CARB to update the Scoping Plan at least once every five years. CARB adopted the first major update to the Scoping Plan on May 22, 2014. The updated Scoping Plan summarizes recent science related to climate change, including anticipated impacts to California and the levels of GHG reduction necessary to likely avoid risking irreparable damage. It identifies the actions California has already taken to reduce GHG emissions and focuses on areas where further reductions could be achieved to help meet the 2020 target established by AB 32. The Scoping Plan update also looks beyond 2020 toward the 2050 goal, established in Executive Order S-3-05, and observes that “a mid-term statewide emission limit will ensure that the State stays on course to meet our long-term goal.” The Scoping Plan update did not establish or propose any specific post-2020 goals, but identified such goals adopted by other governments or recommended by various scientific and policy organizations. In December 2017, CARB approved the California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan: The Strategy for Achieving California’s 2030 Greenhouse Gas Target. This update focuses on implementation of a 40 percent reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. To achieve this, the updated Scoping Plan draws on a decade of successful programs that addresses the major sources of climate changing gases in every sector of the economy: • More Clean Cars and Trucks: The plan sets out far-reaching programs to incentivize the sale of millions of zero-emission vehicles, drive the deployment of zero-emission trucks, and shift to a cleaner system of handling freight statewide. • Increased Renewable Energy: California’s electric utilities are ahead of schedule in meeting the requirement that 33 percent of electricity come from renewable sources by 2020. The Scoping Plan guides utilities to 50 percent renewables, as required under Senate Bill (SB)350. • Slashing Super-Pollutants: The plan calls for a significant cut in super-pollutants such as methane and HFC refrigerants, which are responsible for as much as 40 percent of global warming. • Cleaner Industry and Electricity: California’s renewed cap-and-trade program extends the declining cap on emissions from utilities and industries and the carbon allowance auctions. The auctions will continue to fund investments in clean energy and efficiency, particularly in disadvantaged communities. 7 “Business-as-Usual” refers to emissions that would be expected to occur in the absence of GHG reductions. See http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/bau.htm. Note that there is significant controversy as to what BAU means. In determining the GHG 2020 limit, CARB used the above as the “definition.” It is broad enough to allow for design features to be counted as reductions. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 6 • Cleaner Fuels: The Low Carbon Fuel Standard will drive further development of cleaner, renewable transportation fuels to replace fossil fuels. • Smart Community Planning: Local communities will continue developing plans which will further link transportation and housing policies to create sustainable communities. • Improved Agriculture and Forests: The Scoping Plan also outlines innovative programs to account for and reduce emissions from agriculture, as well as forests and other natural lands. California Green Building Standards. The California Green Building Standards Code (California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 11), commonly referred to as the CALGreen Code, is a statewide mandatory construction code developed and adopted by the California Building Standards Commission and the Department of Housing and Community Development. The CALGreen standards require new residential and commercial buildings to comply with mandatory measures under the topics of planning and design, energy efficiency, water efficiency/conservation, material conservation and resource efficiency, and environmental quality. CALGreen also provides voluntary tiers and measures that local governments may adopt that encourage or require additional measures in the five green building topics. The most recent update to the CALGreen Code went into effect January 1, 2020. Achieving the 2030 target under the updated Scoping Plan would also spur the transformation of the California economy and fix its course securely on achieving an 80 percent reduction in GHG emissions by 2050, consistent with the global consensus of the scale of reductions needed to stabilize atmospheric GHG concentrations at 450 ppm CO2, and reduce the likelihood of catastrophic climate change. Currently, global levels are at just above 418 ppm.8 Table 1, California State Climate Change Legislation, provides a brief overview of other California legislation relating to climate change that may affect emissions associated with the proposed project. Table 1 California State Climate Change Legislation Legislation Description Assembly Bill 1493 (AB 1493), Advanced Clean Cars Program and Executive Order N-79-20 Assembly Bill 1493 (“the Pavley Standard”) (Health and Safety Code Sections 42823 and 43018.5) aims to reduce GHG emissions from noncommercial passenger vehicles and light-duty trucks of model years 2009 to 2016. By 2025, when all rules will be fully implemented, new automobiles will emit 34 percent fewer CO2e emissions and 75 percent fewer smog-forming emissions. Signed into law in September 2020, Executive Order N-79-20 establishes a goal to make all new passenger cars and trucks (including drayage trucks) sold in California to be zero-emission by 2035, and medium and heavy-duty trucks by 2045, where feasible. Further, all off-road vehicles and equipment shall also be zero-emission by 2035 where feasible. Executive Order S-01-07 and Low Carbon Fuel Standard Executive Order S-01-07 (2007) requires a 10 percent or greater reduction in the average fuel carbon intensity for transportation fuels in California. The regulation established the Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which took effect on January 1, 2011, and is codified at Title 17, California Code of Regulations, Sections 95480–95490. The Low Carbon Fuel Standard will reduce GHG emissions by reducing the carbon intensity of transportation fuels used in California by at least 10 percent by 2020. Renewables Portfolio Standard (Senate Bill X1-2 California’s Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) requires retail sellers of electric services to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 33 percent of total retail sales by 2020. The 33 percent standard is consistent with the RPS goal established in the Scoping Plan. The passage of SB 350 in 2015 updates the RPS to 8 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Carbon Dioxide Concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory, https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/, accessed January 17, 2022. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 7 [SB X1-2], Senate Bill 350 [SB 350], and Senate Bill 100 [SB 100]) require the amount of electricity generated and sold to retail customers per year from eligible renewable energy resources to be increased to 50 percent by December 31, 2030. The bill will make other revisions to the RPS program and to certain other requirements on public utilities and publicly-owned electric utilities. The passage of SB 100 in 2018 further requires achieving 60 percent renewable energy resources target by 2030, and 100 percent renewable energy resources target by 2045. Senate Bill 375 (SB 375)* SB 375 took effect in 2008 and provides a new planning process to coordinate land use planning, regional transportation plans, and funding priorities to help California meet the GHG reduction goals established in AB 32. SB 375 requires metropolitan planning organizations to incorporate a sustainable communities’ strategy in their regional transportation plans that will achieve GHG emissions reduction targets by reducing vehicle miles traveled from light- duty vehicles through the development of more compact, complete, and efficient communities. SB 375 requires CARB to periodically update the targets, no later than every 8 years. CARB has set regional targets, indexed to years 2020 and 2035, to help achieve significant additional GHG emission reductions from changed land use patterns and improved transportation in support of the State's climate goals, as well as in support of statewide public health and air quality objectives. California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (California Energy Code) In general, the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards require the design of building shells and building components to conserve energy. The California Energy Commission updates the Building Energy Efficiency Standards every three years by working with stakeholders in a public and transparent process. The 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards contained in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 6 (also known as the California Energy Code) took effect on January 1, 2019. The 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards are 7 percent more efficient than previous standards for residential construction and once rooftop solar electricity generation is factored in, homes built under the 2019 standards will use about 53 percent less energy than those under the 2016 standards. Senate Bill 32 (Amendments to California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006: Emission Limit) (SB 32) Signed into law in September 2016, SB 32 codifies the 2030 target (reduce Statewide GHG emissions by 40 percent below 1990 levels) in Executive Order B-30-15. The bill authorizes the state board to adopt an interim GHG emissions level target to be achieved by 2030. SB 32 states that the intent is for the legislature and appropriate agencies to adopt complementary policies which ensure that the long-term emissions reductions advance specified criteria. In December 2017, CARB approved the California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan: The Strategy for Achieving California’s 2030 Greenhouse Gas Target that provides guidance for compliance with SB 32. *Senate Bill 375 is codified at Government Code Sections 65080, 65400, 65583, 65584.01, 65584.02, 65584.04, 65587, 65588, 14522.1, 14522.2, and 65080.01, as well as at Public Resources Code Sections 21061.3 and 21159.28 and Chapter 4.2. Regional South Coast Air Quality Management District In 2008, the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) released draft guidance regarding interim CEQA GHG significance thresholds.9 Within its October 2008 document, the SCAQMD proposed the use of a percent emission reduction target to determine significance for commercial/residential projects that emit greater than 3,000 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) per year. Under this proposal, commercial/residential projects that emit fewer than 3,000 MTCO2e per year would be assumed to have a less than significant impact on climate change. On December 5, 2008, the SCAQMD Governing Board adopted the staff proposal for an interim GHG significance threshold of 10,000 MTCO2e per year for stationary source/industrial projects where the SCAQMD is the lead agency. However, the SCAQMD has yet to adopt a GHG significance threshold for application by local lead agencies in their review of land use development projects (e.g., residential/commercial projects). Southern California Association of Governments 2020–2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy 9 South Coast Air Quality Management District, Draft Guidance Document—Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Threshold, October 2008. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 8 On September 3, 2020, the Regional Council of Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) formally adopted the 2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy of the Southern California Association of Governments – Connect SoCal (2020–2045 RTP/SCS). The SCS portion of the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS highlights strategies for the region to reach the regional target of reducing GHGs from autos and light-duty trucks by 8 percent per capita by 2020, and 19 percent by 2035 (compared to 2005 levels). Specially, these strategies are: • Focus growth near destinations and mobility options; • Promote diverse housing choices; • Leverage technology innovations; • Support implementation of sustainability policies; and • Promote a green region. Furthermore, the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS discusses a variety of land use tools to help achieve the state- mandated reductions in GHG emissions through reduced per capita vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Some of these tools include center focused placemaking, focusing on priority growth areas, job centers, transit priority areas, as well as high quality transit areas and green regions. San Bernardino Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan In response to AB 32, a project partnership, led by San Bernardino County Transportation Authority (SBCTA), has compiled an inventory of GHG emissions and developed reduction measures in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan (RGHGRP) that could be adopted by the partnership jurisdictions, including the County.10 The County is in the process of adopting the RGHGRP plan, so the RGHGRP is not utilized for project consistency analysis. Local City of Fontana General Plan Update 2015-2035 A General Plan is a guiding document that provides residents, elected officials, business owners, and other stakeholders with direction on how to meet the needs of a growing city and provides a greater quality of life for its current and future residents. The City adopted the General Plan Update 2015-2035 (General Plan Update) on November 13, 2018. Chapter 10, Infrastructure and Green Systems, and Chapter 12, Sustainability and Resilience, of the General Plan Update identify goals and policies to pursue sustainability and resilience by making resource-efficient choices to conserve water, energy, and materials, improve air quality, and adjust to changing conditions. The following goals and policies focusing on GHG emissions and reductions are applicable to the proposed project: Chapter 10, Infrastructure and Green Systems Goal 10.7: Fontana is an energy-efficient community. 10 San Bernardino County Transportation Authority, San Bernardino County Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan. https://www.gosbcta.com/wp- content/uploads/2019/09/San_Bernardino_Regional_GHG_Reduction_Plan_Main_Text_Mar_2021.pdf, accessed February 2, 2022. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 9 Policy 10.7.1 : Promote renewable energy and distributed energy systems in new development and retrofits of existing development to work towards the highest levels of low- carbon energy-efficiency. Chapter 12, Sustainability and Resilience Goal 12.3: Renewable sources of energy, including solar and wind, and other energy-conservation strategies are available to city households and businesses. Policy12.3.1 : Promote renewable energy programs for government, Fontana businesses, and Fontana residences. Goal 12.5: Green building techniques are used in new development and retrofits. Policy 12.5.1 : Promote green building through guidelines, awards and nonfinancial incentives. Goal 12.6: Fontana is a leader [in] energy-efficient development and retrofits. Policy 12.6.1 : Promote energy-efficient development in Fontana. Policy 12.6.2 : Meet or exceed state goals for energy-efficient new construction. CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT THRESHOLDS In accordance with the CEQA Guidelines, project impacts are evaluated to determine whether significant adverse environmental impacts would occur. This analysis will focus on the project’s potential impacts and provide mitigation measures, if required, to reduce or avoid any potentially significant impacts that are identified. According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, the proposed project would have a significant impact related to greenhouse gas emissions, if it would: • Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment (refer to Impact GHG-1); and/or • Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases (refer to Impact GHG-2). The City has not adopted a numerical significance threshold for assessing impacts related to GHG emissions from non-industrial development projects. Similarly, neither the SCAQMD, CARB, nor any other state or regional agency has adopted a numerical significance threshold for assessing GHG emissions that is applicable to the proposed project. The analysis below calculates the amount of GHG emissions that would be attributable to the proposed project using recommended air quality models, as required by State CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.4(a), which calls for a good-faith effort to describe and calculate emissions. The estimated emissions inventory is also used to determine if there would be a reduction in the proposed project’s incremental contribution of GHG emissions as a result of compliance with regulations and requirements adopted to implement plans for the reduction or mitigation of GHG emissions. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 10 Regarding the impact assessment methodology and thresholds of significance, the CEQA Guidelines provide that a lead agency, “shall make a good faith effort, based to the extent possible on scientific and factual data, to describe, calculate or estimate the amount of [GHG] emissions resulting from a project,” and that a lead agency should consider, “whether the project emissions exceed a threshold of significance that the lead agency determines applies to the project” (§ 15064.4(a)-(b)). When adopting these thresholds, the amended Guidelines allow lead agencies to, “consider thresholds of significance previously adopted or recommended by other public agencies or recommended by experts, provided the decision of the lead agency to adopt such thresholds is supported by substantial evidence” (§ 15064.7(c)), and/or to develop their own significance threshold. The City as lead agency has determined that a threshold of significance of 3,000 MTCO2e for GHG emissions is appropriate for the proposed project. The City based its threshold on the GHG threshold for Mixed Use and non-industrial projects recommended by SCAQMD, an expert agency with primary authority over air pollutants including GHG in the project area. In 2008, SCAQMD developed and recommended two types of GHG thresholds: (1) separate numerical thresholds for residential projects (3,500 MTCO2e), commercial projects (1,400 MTCO2e), and Mixed Use projects (3,000 MTCO2e); or (2) a singular numerical threshold for all non-industrial projects (3,000 MTCO2e). SCAQMD's GHG Working Group consensus “clearly states that it is at the lead agency's discretion to apply the appropriate threshold to the project for CEQA review. In other words, SCAQMD's recommendation is that the lead agency will need to decide which threshold is most appropriate.” Because the proposed project is a mixed-use project, the City has determined to utilize SCAQMD's recommended threshold for mixed-use projects (3,000 MTCO2e). These SCAQMD thresholds were developed using substantial evidence by the SCAQMD GHG Working Group—a group of various resource agencies, cities, counties, utilities, and environmental groups—with the objective of capturing 90 percent of GHG emissions from larger projects above the screening threshold and allowing smaller projects to be implemented without further investigation of possible mitigative elements. Additionally, the long-term goal of Executive Order S-3-05 to reduce statewide GHG emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050 formulated the basis of the SCAQMD recommendation, which is also consistent with analysis published by the California Air Pollution Control Officer’s Association in its 2008 White Paper on CEQA and Climate Change. As such, the SCAQMD’s proposed threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year was used to determine the proposed project’s impacts related to GHG emissions. The GHG plan consistency analysis for the project is based on the project’s consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan, 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, and the City’s General Plan Update. IMPACT ANALYSIS GHG-1 WOULD THE PROJECT GENERATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, THAT MAY HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT? Project-Related Sources of Greenhouse Gases The proposed project would result in direct and indirect emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4, and would not result in other GHGs that would facilitate a meaningful analysis. Therefore, this analysis focuses on these three forms of GHG emissions. Direct project-related GHG emissions include emissions from construction activities, area sources, and mobile sources, while indirect sources include emissions from energy consumption, water demand, and solid waste generation. The most recent version of the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod), version 2020.4.0, was used to calculate direct and indirect Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 11 project-related GHG emissions. Table 2, Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions, presents the estimated CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions associated with the proposed project. CalEEMod outputs are contained within Appendix A, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. Table 2 Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions Source CO2 CH4 N2O Total Metric Tons of CO2e2,3 Metric tons/year1 Metric tons/year1 Metric tons of CO2e1,3 Metric tons/year1 Metric tons of CO2e1,3 Direct Emissions Construction (amortized over 30 years)4 67.30 <0.01 0.17 <0.01 0.91 68.38 Area Source 80.15 <0.01 0.18 <0.01 0.41 80.74 Mobile Source 1,813.67 0.10 2.51 0.09 26.58 1,842.76 Total Direct Emissions 1,961.12 0.11 2.85 0.09 27.90 1,991.87 Indirect Emissions Energy Consumption 522.17 0.03 0.67 <0.01 2.23 525.07 Solid Waste 16.24 0.96 24.0 0.00 0.00 40.24 Water Demand 79.15 0.59 14.84 0.01 4.35 98.34 Total Indirect Emissions 617.56 1.58 39.51 0.02 6.58 663.65 Total Project-Related Emissions3 2,655.52 MTCO2e/year Threshold 3,000 MTCO2e/year Exceeds Threshold? No Notes: Carbon dioxide equivalent = CO2e; metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year = MTCO2e per year 1. Project emissions were calculated using CalEEMod version 2020.4.0, as recommended by the SCAQMD. 2. Totals may be slightly off due to rounding. 3. Carbon dioxide equivalent values calculated using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Website, Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, http://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator, accessed January 24, 2022. 4. Total project construction GHG emissions equate to 2,051.33 MTCO2e. Value shown is amortized over the lifetime of the project (assumed to be 30 years). Refer to Appendix A, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data, for detailed model input/output data. Direct Project-Related Source of Greenhouse Gases Construction Emissions. Construction GHG emissions are amortized (i.e., total construction emissions divided by the lifetime of the project, assumed to be 30 years),11 then added to the operational emissions. As seen in Table 2, construction of the proposed project would result in a total of 68.38 MTCO2e (amortized over 30 years). Area Source. Area source emissions would be generated due to an increased demand for consumer products, architectural coating, hearth, and landscaping associated with the development of the proposed project. The project would result in a total of 80.74 MTCO2e area source emissions; refer to Table 2. Mobile Source Emissions. According to the Alta Fontana Apartments Traffic Study Scoping Assessment (Traffic Scoping Assessment) developed by Fehr & Peers (dated January 13, 2022)12, the proposed project would generate 1,644 daily trips. As such, the project would result in approximately 1,842.76 MTCO2e per year of mobile source generated GHG emissions; refer to Table 2. 11 In accordance with the SCAQMD guidance, projected GHGs from construction have been quantified and amortized over 30 years, which is the number of years considered to represent the life of the project. The amortized construction emissions are added to the annual average operational emissions. 12 Fehr & Peers, Alta Fontana Apartments Traffic Study Scoping Assessment, January 13, 2022. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 12 Indirect Project-Related Source of Greenhouse Gases Energy Consumption. Energy consumption emissions were calculated using the CalEEMod model and project-specific land use data. Electricity would be provided to the project site via Southern California Edison (SCE). The project would indirectly result in 525.07 MTCO2e/year of GHG emissions due to energy consumption; refer to Table 2. Additionally, the project would include several sustainable design features to achieve further reduction in energy consumption during project operation. As a conservative analysis, these design features have not been incorporated in the CalEEMod model. The project would comply with 2019 Title 24 standards and reserve area on the roof for future solar panels and install enhanced insulated walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting, and energy efficient appliances. Water Demand. Emissions from indirect energy impacts due to water supply would result in 98.34 MTCO2e/year; refer to Table 2. Solid Waste. Solid waste associated with operations of the proposed project would result in 40.24 MTCO2e/year; refer to Table 2. Total Project-Related Sources of Greenhouse Gases As shown in Table 2, the total amount of proposed project-related GHG emissions from direct and indirect sources combined would total 2,655.52 MTCO2e/year. Therefore, project GHG emissions would not exceed the SCAQMD threshold of 3,000 MTCO2e per year, and impacts would be less than significant. GHG-2 WOULD THE PROJECT CONFLICT WITH AN APPLICABLE PLAN, POLICY OR REGULATION ADOPTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF REDUCING THE EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES? Consistency with Applicable GHG Plans, Policies, or Regulations The GHG plan consistency analysis for the project is based on the project’s consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan, 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, and City’s General Plan Update. The 2017 Scoping Plan describes the approach California will take to reduce GHG emissions by 40 percent below 1990 levels by the year 2030. The 2020-2045 RTP/SCS is a regional growth management strategy that targets per-capita GHG reduction from passenger vehicles and light-duty trucks in the Southern California region and incorporates local land use projections and circulation networks in city and county general plans. The General Plan Update Chapter 10 and Chapter 12 outline the goals and policies for resource efficiency and planning for climate change within the City. The following discussion analyzes the project’s consistency with the CARB 2017 Scoping Plan, SCAG 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, and City’s General Plan Update. Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan The 2017 Scoping Plan identifies GHG reduction measures necessary to achieve the 2030 target. These measures build upon those identified in the first update to the Scoping Plan (2013). Although a number of these measures are currently established as policies and measures, some measures have not yet been formally proposed or adopted. It is expected that these measures or similar actions to reduce GHG emissions will be adopted as required to achieve statewide GHG emissions targets. Table 3, Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan, provides an evaluation of applicable reduction actions/strategies by emissions Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 13 source category, and demonstrates that the project would be consistent with or exceed the reduction actions/strategies outlined in the 2017 Scoping Plan. Table 3 Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan Actions and Strategies Project Consistency Analysis SB 350 Achieve a 50 percent Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) by 2030, with a doubling of energy efficiency savings by 2030. Consistent. The proposed project would not be an electrical provider and would not delay the goals of SB 350. Furthermore, the project would utilize electricity from Southern California Edison, which is required to comply with SB 350. As such, the project would be in compliance with SB 350. Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Increase stringency of carbon fuel standards; reduce the carbon intensity of fuels by 18 percent by 2030, which is up from 10 percent in 2020. Consistent. Motor vehicles (including trucks) driven within the project area and hauling trucks driven during project construction would be use LCFS compliant fuels. The project would be in compliance with LCFS. Mobile Source Strategy (Cleaner Technology and Fuels Scenario) Maintain existing GHG standards of light and heavy-duty vehicles while adding an addition 4.2 million zero- emission vehicles (ZEVs) on the road. Increase the number of ZEV buses, delivery trucks, or other trucks. Consistent. The proposed project would include commercial use which may include occasional light- and heavy-duty truck uses. Trucks uses associated with the proposed project would be required to comply with all CARB regulations, including the LCFS, and newer model vehicles would be required to comply with newer engine standards. The proposed project would not conflict with the CARB’s goal of adding 4.2 million zero-emission (ZEVs) on the road. Furthermore, the project would have approximately 53 spaces for future installation of electric vehicle charging stations and include bike parking and storage in accordance with the 2019 Title 24 standards and CALGreen Code. As such, the project would not conflict with the goals of the Mobile Source Strategy. Sustainable Freight Action Plan Improve the freight system efficiency and maximize the use of near zero emission vehicles and equipment powered by renewable energy. Deploy over 100,000 zero-emission trucks and equipment by 2030. Consistent. As discussed above, truck uses associated with the project site would be required to comply with all CARB regulations, including the LCFS, and newer model vehicles would be required to comply with newer engine standards. Additionally, the project would comply with all future applicable regulatory standard adopted by CARB and would not conflict with CARB’s goal to deploy over 100,000 zero-emission trucks and equipment by 2030. Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) Reduction Strategy Reduce the GHG emissions of methane and hydrofluorocarbons by 40 percent below the 2013 levels by 2030. Furthermore, reduce the emissions of black carbon by 50 percent below the 2013 levels by the year 2030. Consistent. The project would not emit a large amount of CH4 (methane) emissions; refer to Table 2. Furthermore, the project would comply with all CARB and SCAQMD hydrofluorocarbon regulations. As such, the proposed project would not conflict with the SLCP reduction strategy. SB 375 Sustainable Communities Strategies Increase the stringency of the 2035 GHG emission per capita reduction target for metropolitan planning organizations (MPO). Consistent. As shown in Table 4, the proposed project would be consistent with the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS and would not conflict with the goals of SB 375. Post-2020 Cap and Trade Programs The Cap-and-Trade Program will reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from major sources (covered entities) by setting a firm cap on statewide GHG emissions while Not Applicable. As seen in Table 2, below the project would generate approximately 2,655.52 MTCO2e per year, which is below Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 14 Consistency with the SCAG 2020-2045 RTP/SCS The SCAG’s 2020-2045 RTP/SCS includes performance goals that were adopted to help focus future investments on the best-performing projects, as well as different strategies to preserve, maintain, and optimize the performance of the existing transportation system. The 2020-2045 RTP/SCS is forecasted to help California reach its GHG reduction goals by reducing GHG emissions from passenger cars by 8 percent below 2005 levels by 2020 and 19 percent by 2035 in accordance with the most recent CARB targets, adopted in March 2018. Five key SCS strategies are included in the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS to help the region meet its regional VMT and GHG reduction goals, as required by the State. Table 4¸ Consistency with the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS shows the project’s consistency with these five strategies found within the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS. As shown, the proposed project would be consistent with the GHG emission reduction strategies contained in the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS. employing market mechanisms to cost-effectively achieve the emission-reduction goals. the 25,000 MTCO2e/yr Cap-and-Trade screening level. Therefore, the project would not conflict with this goal. Source: California Air Resources Board, 2017 Scoping Plan, November 2017. Table 4 Consistency with the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS Reduction Strategy Project Consistency Analysis Focus Growth Near Destinations and Mobility Options • Emphasize land use patterns that facilitate multimodal access to work, educational and other destinations • Focus on a regional jobs/housing balance to reduce commute times and distances and expand job opportunities near transit and along center-focused main streets • Plan for growth near transit investments and support implementation of first/last mile strategies • Promote the redevelopment of underperforming retail developments and other outmoded nonresidential uses • Prioritize infill and redevelopment of underutilized land to accommodate new growth, increase amenities and connectivity in existing neighborhoods • Encourage design and transportation options that reduce the reliance on and number of solo car trips (this could include mixed uses or locating and orienting close to existing destinations) • Identify ways to “right size” parking requirements and promote alternative parking strategies (e.g. shared parking or smart parking) Consistent. The project is an infill, mixed-use project located within an urbanized area and in close proximity to existing residential and commercial development. The proposed project would be within walking and biking distance of various commercial uses. There is an existing bus stop to the northeast of the project site across Live Oak Avenue. The project site fronts existing sidewalks along Foothill Boulevard to the north, and the project proposes a new sidewalk along Live Oak Avenue that would add to the pedestrian accessibility of the area. The project would provide bicycle parking spaces and in accordance with 2019 Title 24 standards and CALGreen Code, would have approximately 53 spaces for future installation of electric vehicle charging stations. Furthermore, the project would also include approximately 5,600-square-foot indoor amenity space, comprised of a 1,800-square-foot lobby/leasing office, a 1,375- square-foot fitness center, a 1,700-square-foot clubroom, and a 720-square-foot business center. As a mixed-use project with 340 multi-family units, 1,500 square feet of commercial space, and four live-work units, the project would promote connectivity near destinations and mobility options and is consistent with this reduction strategy. Promote Diverse Housing Choices Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 15 • Preserve and rehabilitate affordable housing and prevent displacement • Identify funding opportunities for new workforce and affordable housing development • Create incentives and reduce regulatory barriers for building context sensitive accessory dwelling units to increase housing supply • Provide support to local jurisdictions to streamline and lessen barriers to housing development that supports reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Consistent. As previously discussed, the project is an infill, mixed-use project with 340 multi-family units, 1,500 square feet of commercial space, and four live-work units within an urbanized area. As such, the project would support the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions associated with regional VMT and is therefore consistent with this reduction strategy. Leverage Technology Innovations • Promote low emission technologies such as neighborhood electric vehicles, shared rides hailing, car sharing, bike sharing and scooters by providing supportive and safe infrastructure such as dedicated lanes, charging and parking/drop-off space • Improve access to services through technology—such as telework and telemedicine as well as other incentives such as a “mobility wallet,” an app-based system for storing transit and other multi-modal payments • Identify ways to incorporate “micro-power grids” in communities, for example solar energy, hydrogen fuel cell power storage and power generation Consistent. The project would have approximately 53 spaces for future installation of electric vehicle charging stations. The project would also include bike parking and storage in accordance with the 2019 Title 24 standards and CALGreen Code. Therefore, the proposed project would leverage technology innovations and help the City, County, and State meet its GHG reduction goals. The project would be consistent with this reduction strategy. Support Implementation of Sustainability Policies • Pursue funding opportunities to support local sustainable development implementation projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions • Support statewide legislation that reduces barriers to new construction and that incentivizes development near transit corridors and stations • Support local jurisdictions in the establishment of Enhanced Infrastructure Financing Districts (EIFDs), Community Revitalization and Investment Authorities (CRIAs), or other tax increment or value capture tools to finance sustainable infrastructure and development projects, including parks and open space • Work with local jurisdictions/communities to identify opportunities and assess barriers to implement sustainability strategies • Enhance partnerships with other planning organizations to promote resources and best practices in the SCAG region • Continue to support long range planning efforts by local jurisdictions • Provide educational opportunities to local decisions makers and staff on new tools, best practices and policies related to implementing the Sustainable Communities Strategy Consistent. The proposed project would be a mixed-use project. As previously discussed, the proposed project would promote alternative modes of transportation as it would provide bicycle parking and be located within one mile of a transit stop. These features would potentially reduce fuel consumption and lower GHG emissions. Further, the proposed project would comply with sustainable practices such as installation of bike parking and storage, enhanced insulated walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting, energy efficient appliances, low-flow water fixtures, water- efficient irrigation, and drought tolerant landscape. The project would be designed to accommodate rooftop solar panels that would promote the use of renewable energy. Additionally, the project would emit GHGs less than 3,000 MTCO2e. Thus, the proposed project would be consistent with this reduction strategy as it would support long range planning efforts by SCAQMD. Promote a Green Region • Support development of local climate adaptation and hazard mitigation plans, as well as project implementation Consistent. The proposed project consists of an infill development in an urbanized area and would therefore not Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 16 Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update 2015-2035 As previously discussed, Chapter 10 and Chapter 12 of the General Plan Update outline the goals and policies for resource efficiency and planning for climate change within the City. The Project’s consistency with these goals and policies is discussed in Table 5, Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update. As depicted in Table 5, the proposed project would be consistent with the General Plan Update. The project would comply with 2019 Title 24 energy efficiency standards; it is noted that the project would reserve area on the roof for future solar panels and include the installation of enhanced insulated walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting, energy efficient appliances, low-flow water fixtures, water-efficient irrigation, and drought tolerant landscape. Further, the project would include bicycle racks and include approximately 53 spaces for future installation of electric vehicle charging stations. Table 5 Consistency with the City of Fontana General Plan Update Goals Project Consistency Chapter 10, Infrastructure and Green Systems Goal 7: Fontana is an energy-efficient community. Consistent. The project would incorporate sustainable building design features, such as reserving area on the roof for future solar panels. The project would also include the installation of enhanced insulated walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting, and energy efficient appliances. As such, the project would be consistent with this goal. Chapter 12, Sustainability and Resilience Goal 3: Renewable sources of energy, including solar and wind, and other energy-conservation strategies are available to city households and businesses. Consistent. As discussed above, the project would incorporate sustainable building design features, such as reserving area on the roof for future solar panels. Furthermore, the electricity provider, SCE, is subject to California’s Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS). The RPS requires investor-owned utilities, electric service providers, and community choice aggregators to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 33 percent of total procurement by 2020 and to 60 percent of total procurement by 2030. As such, the project would be consistent with this goal. that improves community resiliency to climate change and natural hazards • Support local policies for renewable energy production, reduction of urban heat islands and carbon sequestration • Integrate local food production into the regional landscape • Promote more resource efficient development focused on conservation, recycling and reclamation • Preserve, enhance and restore regional wildlife connectivity • Reduce consumption of resource areas, including agricultural land • Identify ways to improve access to public park space interfere with regional wildlife connectivity or consume agricultural land. The project would also incorporate various open space areas for the residents of the apartment complex, including a total of five landscaped courtyards. The project would be required to comply with 2019 Title 24 standards and CALGreen Code, including incorporating source reduction techniques and recycling measures and maintaining a recycling program to divert waste, which would help reduce energy consumption and reduce GHG emissions. Thus, the project would support efficient development that reduces energy consumption and GHG emissions. The project would be consistent with this reduction strategy. Source: Southern California Association of Governments, 2020-2040 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy – Connect SoCal, September 3, 2020. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 17 Goal 5: Green building techniques are used in new development and retrofits. Consistent. The project would comply with 2019 Title 24 standards, which were effective beginning January 1, 2020. Specifically, the project would reserve area on the roof for future solar panels and install enhanced insulated walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting, energy efficient appliances, low-flow water fixtures, water-efficient irrigation, and drought tolerant landscape. The project would also include approximately 53 spaces for future installation of electric vehicle charging stations. As such, the project would be consistent with this goal. Goal 6: Fontana is a leader [in] energy- efficient development and retrofits. Consistent. The project would incorporate sustainable building design features, such as reserving area on the roof for future solar panels. The project would also include the installation of enhanced insulated walls, high efficiency (LED) lighting, and energy efficient appliances. As such, the project would be consistent with this goal. Source: City of Fontana, General Plan Update 2015-2035, November 13, 2018. Conclusion In summary, the plan consistency analysis provided above demonstrates that the proposed project complies with or exceeds the plans, policies, regulations and GHG reduction actions/strategies outlined in the City’s General Plan Update, SCAG 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, and CARB 2017 Scoping Plan. Therefore, the project would not conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing emissions of GHGs. Thus, as the project does not conflict with the City’s General Plan Update, 2020-2045 RTP/SCS, or the 2017 Scoping Plan, the project specific impacts with regard to climate change would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures: No mitigation is required. Level of Significance: Less Than Significant Impact. Alta Fontana Mixed Use Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Memorandum 18 REFERENCES Documents 1. California Building Standards Commission, 2019 California Building Standards Code, July 1, 2019. 2. California Air Resources Board, California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2019, Trends of Emissions and Other Indicators, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/ca_ghg_inventory_trends_2000-2019.pdf, July 28, 2021, accessed January 17, 2022. 3. California Air Resources Board, 2017 Scoping Plan, November 2017. 4. City of Fontana, General Plan General Plan Update 2015-2035, November 13, 2018. 5. Fehr & Peers, Alta Fontana Apartments Traffic Study Scoping Assessment, January 13, 2022. 6. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Carbon Dioxide Concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory, https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/, accessed January 17, 2022. 7. Southern California Association of Governments, 2020-2040 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy - Connect SoCal, September 3, 2020. 8. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Draft Guidance Document-Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Threshold, October 2008. 9. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Website, Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, http://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator, accessed January 24, 2022. Websites / Programs 1. Google Earth, 2022. 2. South Coast Air Quality Management District, California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod), version 2020.4.0. Appendix A Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Alta Fontana Mixed Use San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual Project Characteristics - Land Use - Total Lot Acreage is 8.8 Acre. Construction Phase - Per Construction Questionnaire Trips and VMT - Per Construction Questionnaire Grading - Architectural Coating - Per SCAQMD Rule 1113 Vehicle Trips - Per Traffic Study Road Dust - Area Coating - Per SCAQMD Rule 1113 1.1 Land Usage Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Parking Lot 530.00 Space 3.00 212,000.00 0 City Park 2.52 Acre 1.77 109,771.20 0 Apartments Mid Rise 344.00 Dwelling Unit 4.00 344,000.00 984 Strip Mall 1.50 1000sqft 0.03 1,500.00 0 1.2 Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Climate Zone Urban 10 Wind Speed (m/s)Precipitation Freq (Days)2.2 32 1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data 1.0 Project Characteristics Utility Company Southern California Edison 2025Operational Year CO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 390.98 0.033CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 0.004N2O Intensity (lb/MWhr) CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 1 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Land Use Change - Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Per SCAQMD Rule 403 Area Mitigation - SCAQMD Rule 445 prohibits the installation of any open or enclosed permanent wood-burning furnaces in new constructions. Thus, only natural gas hearth would occur. Energy Mitigation - Water Mitigation - Waste Mitigation - Per AB 341 Operational Off-Road Equipment - Stationary Sources - Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps - Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value tblArchitecturalCoating EF_Nonresidential_Exterior 100.00 50.00 tblArchitecturalCoating EF_Nonresidential_Interior 100.00 50.00 tblArchitecturalCoating EF_Parking 100.00 50.00 tblAreaCoating Area_EF_Nonresidential_Exterior 100 50 tblAreaCoating Area_EF_Nonresidential_Interior 100 50 tblAreaCoating Area_EF_Parking 100 50 tblAreaMitigation UseLowVOCPaintParkingCheck False True tblConstDustMitigation WaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed 0 15 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 44.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 230.00 528.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 33.00 tblConstructionPhase NumDays 20.00 22.00 tblGrading MaterialExported 0.00 2,600.00 tblGrading MaterialImported 0.00 22,870.00 tblLandUse LotAcreage 4.77 3.00 tblLandUse LotAcreage 2.52 1.77 tblLandUse LotAcreage 9.05 4.00 tblTripsAndVMT HaulingTripLength 20.00 10.00 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 2 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.0 Emissions Summary tblTripsAndVMT HaulingTripLength 20.00 10.00 tblTripsAndVMT HaulingTripLength 20.00 10.00 tblTripsAndVMT HaulingTripLength 20.00 10.00 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 4.91 4.54 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 1.96 0.00 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 42.04 54.67 tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 4.09 4.54 tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 2.19 0.00 tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 20.43 54.67 tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 5.44 4.54 tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 0.78 0.00 tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 44.32 54.67 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 3 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.1 Overall Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr 2022 0.0611 0.5479 0.5482 1.5500e- 003 0.1486 0.0208 0.1694 0.0556 0.0194 0.0750 0.0000 143.1897 143.1897 0.0183 8.9300e- 003 146.3078 2023 0.4018 2.5666 4.0044 0.0105 0.6773 0.1014 0.7786 0.1881 0.0953 0.2834 0.0000 962.2484 962.2484 0.0935 0.0442 977.7540 2024 1.7194 2.3102 3.8371 9.9700e- 003 0.6067 0.0874 0.6941 0.1628 0.0822 0.2449 0.0000 913.5093 913.5093 0.0897 0.0387 927.2715 Maximum 1.7194 2.5666 4.0044 0.0105 0.6773 0.1014 0.7786 0.1881 0.0953 0.2834 0.0000 962.2484 962.2484 0.0935 0.0442 977.7540 Unmitigated Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr 2022 0.0611 0.5479 0.5482 1.5500e- 003 0.0950 0.0208 0.1158 0.0313 0.0194 0.0507 0.0000 143.1896 143.1896 0.0183 8.9300e- 003 146.3077 2023 0.4018 2.5666 4.0044 0.0105 0.6445 0.1014 0.7459 0.1753 0.0953 0.2706 0.0000 962.2480 962.2480 0.0935 0.0442 977.7537 2024 1.7194 2.3102 3.8371 9.9700e- 003 0.6067 0.0874 0.6941 0.1628 0.0822 0.2449 0.0000 913.5089 913.5089 0.0897 0.0387 927.2711 Maximum 1.7194 2.5666 4.0044 0.0105 0.6445 0.1014 0.7459 0.1753 0.0953 0.2706 0.0000 962.2480 962.2480 0.0935 0.0442 977.7537 Mitigated Construction CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 4 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.03 0.00 5.26 9.11 0.00 6.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Quarter Start Date End Date Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) 1 12-1-2022 2-28-2023 1.2242 1.2242 2 3-1-2023 5-31-2023 0.7122 0.7122 3 6-1-2023 8-31-2023 0.7104 0.7104 4 9-1-2023 11-30-2023 0.7062 0.7062 5 12-1-2023 2-29-2024 0.6818 0.6818 6 3-1-2024 5-31-2024 0.6720 0.6720 7 6-1-2024 8-31-2024 2.0233 2.0233 8 9-1-2024 9-30-2024 0.3359 0.3359 Highest 2.0233 2.0233 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 5 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.2 Overall Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Area 3.0273 0.1301 5.7378 5.7700e- 003 0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 36.5394 76.0242 112.5636 0.1146 2.4800e- 003 116.1664 Energy 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e- 003 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 522.1681 522.1681 0.0268 7.4800e- 003 525.0689 Mobile 0.8080 1.2713 8.4173 0.0191 2.0710 0.0153 2.0863 0.5532 0.0143 0.5675 0.0000 1,813.667 1 1,813.667 1 0.1003 0.0892 1,842.758 0 Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 32.4867 0.0000 32.4867 1.9199 0.0000 80.4844 Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7.1459 85.9034 93.0493 0.7412 0.0182 117.0055 Total 3.8620 1.6295 14.2522 0.0264 2.0710 0.3819 2.4529 0.5532 0.3809 0.9341 76.1719 2,497.762 8 2,573.934 7 2.9028 0.1174 2,681.483 1 Unmitigated Operational CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 6 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 2.2 Overall Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Area 1.9081 0.1051 3.5783 6.0000e- 004 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0000 80.1546 80.1546 7.0100e- 003 1.3600e- 003 80.7360 Energy 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e- 003 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 522.1681 522.1681 0.0268 7.4800e- 003 525.0689 Mobile 0.8080 1.2713 8.4173 0.0191 2.0710 0.0153 2.0863 0.5532 0.0143 0.5675 0.0000 1,813.667 1 1,813.667 1 0.1003 0.0892 1,842.758 0 Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 16.2433 0.0000 16.2433 0.9600 0.0000 40.2422 Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.7167 73.4335 79.1502 0.5934 0.0146 98.3395 Total 2.7428 1.6045 12.0928 0.0212 2.0710 0.0586 2.1296 0.5532 0.0576 0.6108 21.9600 2,489.423 2 2,511.383 3 1.6875 0.1127 2,587.144 5 Mitigated Operational 3.0 Construction Detail Construction Phase Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Grading Grading 12/1/2022 1/16/2023 5 33 2 Building Construction Building Construction 12/1/2022 12/9/2024 5 528 3 Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 7/1/2024 8/29/2024 5 44 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction 28.98 1.54 15.15 19.61 0.00 84.65 13.18 0.00 84.87 34.61 71.17 0.33 2.43 41.87 4.01 3.52 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 7 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 4 Paving Paving 9/1/2024 10/1/2024 5 22 OffRoad Equipment Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Grading Excavators 1 8.00 158 0.38 Grading Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41 Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8.00 97 0.37 Building Construction Cranes 1 7.00 231 0.29 Building Construction Forklifts 3 8.00 89 0.20 Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 84 0.74 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7.00 97 0.37 Building Construction Welders 1 8.00 46 0.45 Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 78 0.48 Paving Pavers 2 8.00 130 0.42 Paving Paving Equipment 2 8.00 132 0.36 Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38 Trips and VMT Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class Hauling Vehicle Class Grading 6 15.00 0.00 3,184.00 14.70 6.90 10.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Building Construction 9 383.00 90.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 10.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Residential Indoor: 696,600; Residential Outdoor: 232,200; Non-Residential Indoor: 166,830; Non-Residential Outdoor: 55,610; Striped Parking Area: 12,720 (Architectural Coating – sqft) Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 33 Acres of Paving: 3 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 8 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.2 Grading - 2022 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.0852 0.0000 0.0852 0.0385 0.0000 0.0385 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.0214 0.2294 0.1680 3.3000e- 004 0.0104 0.0104 9.5200e- 003 9.5200e- 003 0.0000 28.6602 28.6602 9.2700e- 003 0.0000 28.8920 Total 0.0214 0.2294 0.1680 3.3000e- 004 0.0852 0.0104 0.0955 0.0385 9.5200e- 003 0.0480 0.0000 28.6602 28.6602 9.2700e- 003 0.0000 28.8920 Unmitigated Construction On-Site 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Replace Ground Cover Water Exposed Area Reduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads Architectural Coating 1 77.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 10.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving 6 15.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 10.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 9 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.2 Grading - 2022 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 2.6600e- 003 0.0882 0.0287 3.3000e- 004 9.1500e- 003 7.7000e- 004 9.9200e- 003 2.5100e- 003 7.4000e- 004 3.2500e- 003 0.0000 32.5571 32.5571 1.3600e- 003 5.1600e- 003 34.1281 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 6.2000e- 004 4.9000e- 004 5.8500e- 003 2.0000e- 005 1.8100e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8200e- 003 4.8000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 4.9000e- 004 0.0000 1.4512 1.4512 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.4647 Total 3.2800e- 003 0.0887 0.0346 3.5000e- 004 0.0110 7.8000e- 004 0.0117 2.9900e- 003 7.5000e- 004 3.7400e- 003 0.0000 34.0083 34.0083 1.4000e- 003 5.2000e- 003 35.5928 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.0316 0.0000 0.0316 0.0143 0.0000 0.0143 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.0214 0.2294 0.1680 3.3000e- 004 0.0104 0.0104 9.5200e- 003 9.5200e- 003 0.0000 28.6602 28.6602 9.2700e- 003 0.0000 28.8919 Total 0.0214 0.2294 0.1680 3.3000e- 004 0.0316 0.0104 0.0419 0.0143 9.5200e- 003 0.0238 0.0000 28.6602 28.6602 9.2700e- 003 0.0000 28.8919 Mitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 10 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.2 Grading - 2022 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 2.6600e- 003 0.0882 0.0287 3.3000e- 004 9.1500e- 003 7.7000e- 004 9.9200e- 003 2.5100e- 003 7.4000e- 004 3.2500e- 003 0.0000 32.5571 32.5571 1.3600e- 003 5.1600e- 003 34.1281 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 6.2000e- 004 4.9000e- 004 5.8500e- 003 2.0000e- 005 1.8100e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8200e- 003 4.8000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 4.9000e- 004 0.0000 1.4512 1.4512 4.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.4647 Total 3.2800e- 003 0.0887 0.0346 3.5000e- 004 0.0110 7.8000e- 004 0.0117 2.9900e- 003 7.5000e- 004 3.7400e- 003 0.0000 34.0083 34.0083 1.4000e- 003 5.2000e- 003 35.5928 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 3.2 Grading - 2023 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.0521 0.0000 0.0521 0.0203 0.0000 0.0203 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 9.4100e- 003 0.0987 0.0811 1.6000e- 004 4.2600e- 003 4.2600e- 003 3.9200e- 003 3.9200e- 003 0.0000 14.3333 14.3333 4.6400e- 003 0.0000 14.4492 Total 9.4100e- 003 0.0987 0.0811 1.6000e- 004 0.0521 4.2600e- 003 0.0563 0.0203 3.9200e- 003 0.0242 0.0000 14.3333 14.3333 4.6400e- 003 0.0000 14.4492 Unmitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 11 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.2 Grading - 2023 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 9.6000e- 004 0.0365 0.0141 1.6000e- 004 4.5800e- 003 3.1000e- 004 4.8900e- 003 1.2600e- 003 3.0000e- 004 1.5500e- 003 0.0000 15.5703 15.5703 6.5000e- 004 2.4700e- 003 16.3217 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 2.9000e- 004 2.1000e- 004 2.6800e- 003 1.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 004 0.0000 9.1000e- 004 2.4000e- 004 0.0000 2.4000e- 004 0.0000 0.7065 0.7065 2.0000e- 005 2.0000e- 005 0.7127 Total 1.2500e- 003 0.0367 0.0167 1.7000e- 004 5.4800e- 003 3.1000e- 004 5.8000e- 003 1.5000e- 003 3.0000e- 004 1.7900e- 003 0.0000 16.2768 16.2768 6.7000e- 004 2.4900e- 003 17.0344 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Fugitive Dust 0.0193 0.0000 0.0193 7.5300e- 003 0.0000 7.5300e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 9.4100e- 003 0.0987 0.0811 1.6000e- 004 4.2600e- 003 4.2600e- 003 3.9200e- 003 3.9200e- 003 0.0000 14.3333 14.3333 4.6400e- 003 0.0000 14.4492 Total 9.4100e- 003 0.0987 0.0811 1.6000e- 004 0.0193 4.2600e- 003 0.0236 7.5300e- 003 3.9200e- 003 0.0115 0.0000 14.3333 14.3333 4.6400e- 003 0.0000 14.4492 Mitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 12 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.2 Grading - 2023 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 9.6000e- 004 0.0365 0.0141 1.6000e- 004 4.5800e- 003 3.1000e- 004 4.8900e- 003 1.2600e- 003 3.0000e- 004 1.5500e- 003 0.0000 15.5703 15.5703 6.5000e- 004 2.4700e- 003 16.3217 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 2.9000e- 004 2.1000e- 004 2.6800e- 003 1.0000e- 005 9.0000e- 004 0.0000 9.1000e- 004 2.4000e- 004 0.0000 2.4000e- 004 0.0000 0.7065 0.7065 2.0000e- 005 2.0000e- 005 0.7127 Total 1.2500e- 003 0.0367 0.0167 1.7000e- 004 5.4800e- 003 3.1000e- 004 5.8000e- 003 1.5000e- 003 3.0000e- 004 1.7900e- 003 0.0000 16.2768 16.2768 6.7000e- 004 2.4900e- 003 17.0344 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 3.3 Building Construction - 2022 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.0188 0.1718 0.1800 3.0000e- 004 8.9000e- 003 8.9000e- 003 8.3700e- 003 8.3700e- 003 0.0000 25.4898 25.4898 6.1100e- 003 0.0000 25.6424 Total 0.0188 0.1718 0.1800 3.0000e- 004 8.9000e- 003 8.9000e- 003 8.3700e- 003 8.3700e- 003 0.0000 25.4898 25.4898 6.1100e- 003 0.0000 25.6424 Unmitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 13 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.3 Building Construction - 2022 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 1.6900e- 003 0.0456 0.0162 1.8000e- 004 6.2400e- 003 5.2000e- 004 6.7600e- 003 1.8000e- 003 4.9000e- 004 2.3000e- 003 0.0000 17.9768 17.9768 4.8000e- 004 2.6600e- 003 18.7823 Worker 0.0159 0.0125 0.1495 4.0000e- 004 0.0462 2.5000e- 004 0.0464 0.0123 2.3000e- 004 0.0125 0.0000 37.0546 37.0546 1.0600e- 003 1.0600e- 003 37.3983 Total 0.0176 0.0581 0.1657 5.8000e- 004 0.0524 7.7000e- 004 0.0532 0.0141 7.2000e- 004 0.0148 0.0000 55.0314 55.0314 1.5400e- 003 3.7200e- 003 56.1806 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.0188 0.1718 0.1800 3.0000e- 004 8.9000e- 003 8.9000e- 003 8.3700e- 003 8.3700e- 003 0.0000 25.4898 25.4898 6.1100e- 003 0.0000 25.6424 Total 0.0188 0.1718 0.1800 3.0000e- 004 8.9000e- 003 8.9000e- 003 8.3700e- 003 8.3700e- 003 0.0000 25.4898 25.4898 6.1100e- 003 0.0000 25.6424 Mitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 14 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.3 Building Construction - 2022 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 1.6900e- 003 0.0456 0.0162 1.8000e- 004 6.2400e- 003 5.2000e- 004 6.7600e- 003 1.8000e- 003 4.9000e- 004 2.3000e- 003 0.0000 17.9768 17.9768 4.8000e- 004 2.6600e- 003 18.7823 Worker 0.0159 0.0125 0.1495 4.0000e- 004 0.0462 2.5000e- 004 0.0464 0.0123 2.3000e- 004 0.0125 0.0000 37.0546 37.0546 1.0600e- 003 1.0600e- 003 37.3983 Total 0.0176 0.0581 0.1657 5.8000e- 004 0.0524 7.7000e- 004 0.0532 0.0141 7.2000e- 004 0.0148 0.0000 55.0314 55.0314 1.5400e- 003 3.7200e- 003 56.1806 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 3.3 Building Construction - 2023 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.2045 1.8700 2.1117 3.5000e- 003 0.0910 0.0910 0.0856 0.0856 0.0000 301.3462 301.3462 0.0717 0.0000 303.1383 Total 0.2045 1.8700 2.1117 3.5000e- 003 0.0910 0.0910 0.0856 0.0856 0.0000 301.3462 301.3462 0.0717 0.0000 303.1383 Unmitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 15 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.3 Building Construction - 2023 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0132 0.4317 0.1748 2.1000e- 003 0.0738 3.0900e- 003 0.0769 0.0213 2.9600e- 003 0.0243 0.0000 203.9111 203.9111 5.3100e- 003 0.0301 213.0239 Worker 0.1735 0.1295 1.6201 4.5900e- 003 0.5459 2.7500e- 003 0.5487 0.1450 2.5300e- 003 0.1475 0.0000 426.3810 426.3810 0.0112 0.0116 430.1082 Total 0.1867 0.5612 1.7948 6.6900e- 003 0.6197 5.8400e- 003 0.6256 0.1663 5.4900e- 003 0.1718 0.0000 630.2921 630.2921 0.0165 0.0417 643.1321 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.2045 1.8700 2.1117 3.5000e- 003 0.0910 0.0910 0.0856 0.0856 0.0000 301.3458 301.3458 0.0717 0.0000 303.1380 Total 0.2045 1.8700 2.1117 3.5000e- 003 0.0910 0.0910 0.0856 0.0856 0.0000 301.3458 301.3458 0.0717 0.0000 303.1380 Mitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 16 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.3 Building Construction - 2023 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0132 0.4317 0.1748 2.1000e- 003 0.0738 3.0900e- 003 0.0769 0.0213 2.9600e- 003 0.0243 0.0000 203.9111 203.9111 5.3100e- 003 0.0301 213.0239 Worker 0.1735 0.1295 1.6201 4.5900e- 003 0.5459 2.7500e- 003 0.5487 0.1450 2.5300e- 003 0.1475 0.0000 426.3810 426.3810 0.0112 0.0116 430.1082 Total 0.1867 0.5612 1.7948 6.6900e- 003 0.6197 5.8400e- 003 0.6256 0.1663 5.4900e- 003 0.1718 0.0000 630.2921 630.2921 0.0165 0.0417 643.1321 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 3.3 Building Construction - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.1810 1.6536 1.9885 3.3200e- 003 0.0754 0.0754 0.0710 0.0710 0.0000 285.1744 285.1744 0.0674 0.0000 286.8603 Total 0.1810 1.6536 1.9885 3.3200e- 003 0.0754 0.0754 0.0710 0.0710 0.0000 285.1744 285.1744 0.0674 0.0000 286.8603 Unmitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 17 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.3 Building Construction - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0122 0.4121 0.1626 1.9600e- 003 0.0698 2.8800e- 003 0.0727 0.0202 2.7500e- 003 0.0229 0.0000 190.2751 190.2751 4.8700e- 003 0.0281 198.7747 Worker 0.1527 0.1087 1.4288 4.2200e- 003 0.5165 2.5000e- 003 0.5190 0.1372 2.3000e- 003 0.1395 0.0000 394.8327 394.8327 9.6000e- 003 0.0101 398.0947 Total 0.1649 0.5208 1.5915 6.1800e- 003 0.5864 5.3800e- 003 0.5917 0.1573 5.0500e- 003 0.1624 0.0000 585.1078 585.1078 0.0145 0.0383 596.8694 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.1810 1.6536 1.9885 3.3100e- 003 0.0754 0.0754 0.0710 0.0710 0.0000 285.1741 285.1741 0.0674 0.0000 286.8600 Total 0.1810 1.6536 1.9885 3.3100e- 003 0.0754 0.0754 0.0710 0.0710 0.0000 285.1741 285.1741 0.0674 0.0000 286.8600 Mitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 18 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.3 Building Construction - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0122 0.4121 0.1626 1.9600e- 003 0.0698 2.8800e- 003 0.0727 0.0202 2.7500e- 003 0.0229 0.0000 190.2751 190.2751 4.8700e- 003 0.0281 198.7747 Worker 0.1527 0.1087 1.4288 4.2200e- 003 0.5165 2.5000e- 003 0.5190 0.1372 2.3000e- 003 0.1395 0.0000 394.8327 394.8327 9.6000e- 003 0.0101 398.0947 Total 0.1649 0.5208 1.5915 6.1800e- 003 0.5864 5.3800e- 003 0.5917 0.1573 5.0500e- 003 0.1624 0.0000 585.1078 585.1078 0.0145 0.0383 596.8694 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 3.4 Architectural Coating - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Archit. Coating 1.3487 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 3.9800e- 003 0.0268 0.0398 7.0000e- 005 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 0.0000 5.6172 5.6172 3.2000e- 004 0.0000 5.6251 Total 1.3527 0.0268 0.0398 7.0000e- 005 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 0.0000 5.6172 5.6172 3.2000e- 004 0.0000 5.6251 Unmitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 19 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.4 Architectural Coating - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 5.4900e- 003 3.9100e- 003 0.0514 1.5000e- 004 0.0186 9.0000e- 005 0.0187 4.9300e- 003 8.0000e- 005 5.0200e- 003 0.0000 14.1979 14.1979 3.5000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 14.3152 Total 5.4900e- 003 3.9100e- 003 0.0514 1.5000e- 004 0.0186 9.0000e- 005 0.0187 4.9300e- 003 8.0000e- 005 5.0200e- 003 0.0000 14.1979 14.1979 3.5000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 14.3152 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Archit. Coating 1.3487 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 3.9800e- 003 0.0268 0.0398 7.0000e- 005 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 0.0000 5.6172 5.6172 3.2000e- 004 0.0000 5.6251 Total 1.3527 0.0268 0.0398 7.0000e- 005 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 1.3400e- 003 0.0000 5.6172 5.6172 3.2000e- 004 0.0000 5.6251 Mitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 20 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.4 Architectural Coating - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 5.4900e- 003 3.9100e- 003 0.0514 1.5000e- 004 0.0186 9.0000e- 005 0.0187 4.9300e- 003 8.0000e- 005 5.0200e- 003 0.0000 14.1979 14.1979 3.5000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 14.3152 Total 5.4900e- 003 3.9100e- 003 0.0514 1.5000e- 004 0.0186 9.0000e- 005 0.0187 4.9300e- 003 8.0000e- 005 5.0200e- 003 0.0000 14.1979 14.1979 3.5000e- 004 3.6000e- 004 14.3152 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 3.5 Paving - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.0109 0.1048 0.1609 2.5000e- 004 5.1500e- 003 5.1500e- 003 4.7400e- 003 4.7400e- 003 0.0000 22.0292 22.0292 7.1200e- 003 0.0000 22.2073 Paving 3.9300e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0148 0.1048 0.1609 2.5000e- 004 5.1500e- 003 5.1500e- 003 4.7400e- 003 4.7400e- 003 0.0000 22.0292 22.0292 7.1200e- 003 0.0000 22.2073 Unmitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 21 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.5 Paving - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 5.3000e- 004 3.8000e- 004 5.0000e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8100e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8200e- 003 4.8000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 4.9000e- 004 0.0000 1.3829 1.3829 3.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.3943 Total 5.3000e- 004 3.8000e- 004 5.0000e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8100e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8200e- 003 4.8000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 4.9000e- 004 0.0000 1.3829 1.3829 3.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.3943 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Off-Road 0.0109 0.1048 0.1609 2.5000e- 004 5.1500e- 003 5.1500e- 003 4.7400e- 003 4.7400e- 003 0.0000 22.0292 22.0292 7.1200e- 003 0.0000 22.2073 Paving 3.9300e- 003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0148 0.1048 0.1609 2.5000e- 004 5.1500e- 003 5.1500e- 003 4.7400e- 003 4.7400e- 003 0.0000 22.0292 22.0292 7.1200e- 003 0.0000 22.2073 Mitigated Construction On-Site CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 22 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 3.5 Paving - 2024 ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 5.3000e- 004 3.8000e- 004 5.0000e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8100e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8200e- 003 4.8000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 4.9000e- 004 0.0000 1.3829 1.3829 3.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.3943 Total 5.3000e- 004 3.8000e- 004 5.0000e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8100e- 003 1.0000e- 005 1.8200e- 003 4.8000e- 004 1.0000e- 005 4.9000e- 004 0.0000 1.3829 1.3829 3.0000e- 005 4.0000e- 005 1.3943 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile 4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 23 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Mitigated 0.8080 1.2713 8.4173 0.0191 2.0710 0.0153 2.0863 0.5532 0.0143 0.5675 0.0000 1,813.667 1 1,813.667 1 0.1003 0.0892 1,842.758 0 Unmitigated 0.8080 1.2713 8.4173 0.0191 2.0710 0.0153 2.0863 0.5532 0.0143 0.5675 0.0000 1,813.667 1 1,813.667 1 0.1003 0.0892 1,842.758 0 4.2 Trip Summary Information 4.3 Trip Type Information Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT Annual VMT Apartments Mid Rise 1,561.76 1,561.76 1561.76 5,336,771 5,336,771 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 Strip Mall 82.01 82.01 82.01 156,022 156,022 Total 1,643.77 1,643.77 1,643.77 5,492,794 5,492,794 Miles Trip %Trip Purpose % Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by Apartments Mid Rise 14.70 5.90 8.70 40.20 19.20 40.60 86 11 3 City Park 16.60 8.40 6.90 33.00 48.00 19.00 66 28 6 Parking Lot 16.60 8.40 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 Strip Mall 16.60 8.40 6.90 16.60 64.40 19.00 45 40 15 4.4 Fleet Mix CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 24 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH Apartments Mid Rise 0.543085 0.056300 0.173085 0.134258 0.025645 0.007009 0.011926 0.017481 0.000552 0.000248 0.024848 0.000956 0.004606 City Park 0.543085 0.056300 0.173085 0.134258 0.025645 0.007009 0.011926 0.017481 0.000552 0.000248 0.024848 0.000956 0.004606 Parking Lot 0.543085 0.056300 0.173085 0.134258 0.025645 0.007009 0.011926 0.017481 0.000552 0.000248 0.024848 0.000956 0.004606 Strip Mall 0.543085 0.056300 0.173085 0.134258 0.025645 0.007009 0.011926 0.017481 0.000552 0.000248 0.024848 0.000956 0.004606 5.0 Energy Detail ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Electricity Mitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 257.9763 257.9763 0.0218 2.6400e- 003 259.3072 Electricity Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 257.9763 257.9763 0.0218 2.6400e- 003 259.3072 NaturalGas Mitigated 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e- 003 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.1918 264.1918 5.0600e- 003 4.8400e- 003 265.7617 NaturalGas Unmitigated 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e- 003 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.1918 264.1918 5.0600e- 003 4.8400e- 003 265.7617 5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy Historical Energy Use: N CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 25 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas NaturalGa s Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr Apartments Mid Rise 4.94747e +006 0.0267 0.2280 0.0970 1.4600e- 003 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.0157 264.0157 5.0600e- 003 4.8400e- 003 265.5846 City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Strip Mall 3300 2.0000e- 005 1.6000e- 004 1.4000e- 004 0.0000 1.0000e- 005 1.0000e- 005 1.0000e- 005 1.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.1761 0.1761 0.0000 0.0000 0.1772 Total 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e- 003 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.1918 264.1918 5.0600e- 003 4.8400e- 003 265.7617 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 26 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas NaturalGa s Use ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr Apartments Mid Rise 4.94747e +006 0.0267 0.2280 0.0970 1.4600e- 003 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.0157 264.0157 5.0600e- 003 4.8400e- 003 265.5846 City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Strip Mall 3300 2.0000e- 005 1.6000e- 004 1.4000e- 004 0.0000 1.0000e- 005 1.0000e- 005 1.0000e- 005 1.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.1761 0.1761 0.0000 0.0000 0.1772 Total 0.0267 0.2281 0.0972 1.4600e- 003 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0000 264.1918 264.1918 5.0600e- 003 4.8400e- 003 265.7617 Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 27 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity Electricity Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr Apartments Mid Rise 1.36224e +006 241.5878 0.0204 2.4700e- 003 242.8341 City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 74200 13.1590 1.1100e- 003 1.3000e- 004 13.2269 Strip Mall 18210 3.2295 2.7000e- 004 3.0000e- 005 3.2461 Total 257.9763 0.0218 2.6300e- 003 259.3072 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 28 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Use Low VOC Paint - Residential Interior Use Low VOC Paint - Residential Exterior Use Low VOC Paint - Non-Residential Interior Use Low VOC Paint - Non-Residential Exterior Use only Natural Gas Hearths 6.1 Mitigation Measures Area 6.0 Area Detail 5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity Electricity Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr Apartments Mid Rise 1.36224e +006 241.5878 0.0204 2.4700e- 003 242.8341 City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Parking Lot 74200 13.1590 1.1100e- 003 1.3000e- 004 13.2269 Strip Mall 18210 3.2295 2.7000e- 004 3.0000e- 005 3.2461 Total 257.9763 0.0218 2.6300e- 003 259.3072 Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 29 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Mitigated 1.9081 0.1051 3.5783 6.0000e- 004 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0000 80.1546 80.1546 7.0100e- 003 1.3600e- 003 80.7360 Unmitigated 3.0273 0.1301 5.7378 5.7700e- 003 0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 36.5394 76.0242 112.5636 0.1146 2.4800e- 003 116.1664 6.2 Area by SubCategory ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr Architectural Coating 0.1349 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 1.6586 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Hearth 1.1268 0.0892 2.1868 5.5800e- 003 0.3285 0.3285 0.3285 0.3285 36.5394 70.2161 106.7555 0.1090 2.4800e- 003 110.2187 Landscaping 0.1070 0.0409 3.5510 1.9000e- 004 0.0197 0.0197 0.0197 0.0197 0.0000 5.8081 5.8081 5.5800e- 003 0.0000 5.9477 Total 3.0273 0.1301 5.7378 5.7700e- 003 0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 0.3482 36.5394 76.0242 112.5636 0.1146 2.4800e- 003 116.1664 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 30 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Install Low Flow Bathroom Faucet Install Low Flow Kitchen Faucet Install Low Flow Toilet Install Low Flow Shower Use Water Efficient Irrigation System Use Water Efficient Landscaping 7.1 Mitigation Measures Water 7.0 Water Detail 6.2 Area by SubCategory ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10 Exhaust PM10 PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr Architectural Coating 0.1349 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer Products 1.6586 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Hearth 7.5100e- 003 0.0642 0.0273 4.1000e- 004 5.1900e- 003 5.1900e- 003 5.1900e- 003 5.1900e- 003 0.0000 74.3465 74.3465 1.4200e- 003 1.3600e- 003 74.7883 Landscaping 0.1070 0.0409 3.5510 1.9000e- 004 0.0197 0.0197 0.0197 0.0197 0.0000 5.8081 5.8081 5.5800e- 003 0.0000 5.9477 Total 1.9081 0.1051 3.5783 6.0000e- 004 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0000 80.1546 80.1546 7.0000e- 003 1.3600e- 003 80.7360 Mitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 31 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category MT/yr Mitigated 79.1502 0.5934 0.0146 98.3395 Unmitigated 93.0493 0.7412 0.0182 117.0055 7.2 Water by Land Use Indoor/Out door Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use Mgal MT/yr Apartments Mid Rise 22.413 / 14.1299 86.7074 0.7371 0.0181 110.5151 City Park 0 / 3.00253 5.9159 5.0000e- 004 6.0000e- 005 5.9464 Parking Lot 0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Strip Mall 0.111109 / 0.0680989 0.4260 3.6500e- 003 9.0000e- 005 0.5440 Total 93.0493 0.7412 0.0182 117.0055 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 32 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 7.2 Water by Land Use Indoor/Out door Use Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use Mgal MT/yr Apartments Mid Rise 17.9304 / 13.268 73.2357 0.5900 0.0145 92.3018 City Park 0 / 2.81938 5.5551 4.7000e- 004 6.0000e- 005 5.5837 Parking Lot 0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Strip Mall 0.088887 / 0.0639449 0.3595 2.9200e- 003 7.0000e- 005 0.4540 Total 79.1502 0.5934 0.0146 98.3395 Mitigated 8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste Institute Recycling and Composting Services 8.0 Waste Detail CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 33 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e MT/yr Mitigated 16.2433 0.9600 0.0000 40.2422 Unmitigated 32.4867 1.9199 0.0000 80.4844 Category/Year 8.2 Waste by Land Use Waste Disposed Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use tons MT/yr Apartments Mid Rise 158.24 32.1213 1.8983 0.0000 79.5791 City Park 0.22 0.0447 2.6400e- 003 0.0000 0.1106 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Strip Mall 1.58 0.3207 0.0190 0.0000 0.7946 Total 32.4867 1.9199 0.0000 80.4844 Unmitigated CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 34 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 8.2 Waste by Land Use Waste Disposed Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use tons MT/yr Apartments Mid Rise 79.12 16.0606 0.9492 0.0000 39.7896 City Park 0.11 0.0223 1.3200e- 003 0.0000 0.0553 Parking Lot 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Strip Mall 0.79 0.1604 9.4800e- 003 0.0000 0.3973 Total 16.2433 0.9600 0.0000 40.2422 Mitigated 9.0 Operational Offroad Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type 10.0 Stationary Equipment Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type User Defined Equipment CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 35 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 11.0 Vegetation Equipment Type Number CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Date: 1/14/2022 9:08 PMPage 36 of 36 Alta Fontana Mixed Use - San Bernardino-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied